Enantioselectivity of chiral pollutants is receiving growing concern due to the difference in toxicology and environment fate between enantiomers.In this study,enantiomers of insecticide beta-cypermethrin （beta-CP） ...Enantioselectivity of chiral pollutants is receiving growing concern due to the difference in toxicology and environment fate between enantiomers.In this study,enantiomers of insecticide beta-cypermethrin （beta-CP） were separated on selected chiral column by HPLC,and the toxicity of enantiomers was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo-larval assays.The enantiomers of beta-CP were baseline separated on Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak AD columns and detected by circular dichroism （CD） at 236 nm.Better separation could be achieved at lower temperature （e.g.,20°C） and with lower levels of polar modifiers.Pure enantiomers were obtained on Chiralcel OD.The CD spectra of enantiomers were recorded.By comparing the elution order with a previous similar study,the absolute configuration of beta-CP enantiomers was determined.The individual enantiomers were used in zebrafish embryo test,and the results showed that beta-CP enantioselectively induced yolk sac edema,pericardial edema and crooked body.The 1R-cis-αS and 1R-trans-αS enantiomers showed strong developmental toxicities at concentration of 0.1 mg/L,while the 1S-cis-αR and 1S-trans-αR induced no malformations at higher concentration （e.g.,0.3 mg/L）.The results suggest that the enantioselective toxicological effects of beta-CP should be considered when evaluating its ecotoxicological effects.展开更多
The effects of three types of adjuvant (mineral oil, higher aliphatic acid and nonionic surfactant) on the penetration of beta-cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface were studied. The results showed that the pe...The effects of three types of adjuvant (mineral oil, higher aliphatic acid and nonionic surfactant) on the penetration of beta-cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface were studied. The results showed that the penetration was positively correlated with both the concentration of adjuvant and the time after application, in a given range of treatment. A synergistic effect of two types of adjuvant on the penetration was found. Some physical properties of emulsions were determined. The change of the structures of the cabbage leaf surface by these adjuvants was observed from photomicrographs. The mechanism concerned with the effect of these adjuvants on the penetration of beta- cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface was tentatively discussed.展开更多
Beta-cypermethrin is one of the synthetic pyrethroid, which is widely used to control insect pests and is found to be more effective than organphosphates and carbamates. However, it is also reported to be more toxic t...Beta-cypermethrin is one of the synthetic pyrethroid, which is widely used to control insect pests and is found to be more effective than organphosphates and carbamates. However, it is also reported to be more toxic than organphosphates and carbamates. It has been suggested that synthetic pyrethroids are readily absorbed by the gills of fish even at very low concentrations. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) exist in the cells of every tissue, particularly in the liver. If the liver is damaged, the enzymes are discharged from the cells into the serum. It increases the GPT and GOT metabolic activities quickly. It is, therefore, proposed that the effects of toxicants on serum GPT and GOT could be used as indexes in toxicological assessments. In this experiment, the effectiveness of beta-cypermethrin on the acute toxicity and on serum GPT and GOT concentration of crucian carp was studied. The LC 50 of beta-cypermethrin for crucian carp was 11.4μg/L. The crucian carp serum was treated against beta-cypermethrin levels of 0.114μg/L, 0.57μg/L and 1.14μg/L for exposure times of 0d, 5d, 10d, 15d and 20d, at all concentrations. The results show that when the beta-cypermethrin concentration increases and the exposure time is prolonged, the GPT and GOT activities of serum increased also. The results proved that beta-cypermethrin could cause great damage to crucian carp and its biochemical functions.展开更多
益霖薇净(24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂)、紫薇清(16%2,4-D-8%二氯吡啶酸水剂)和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯是农林业生产中常用的农药,但其对水生生物安全性仍不清楚。以国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)为研究对象,采用静态试验法测定三种...益霖薇净(24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂)、紫薇清(16%2,4-D-8%二氯吡啶酸水剂)和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯是农林业生产中常用的农药,但其对水生生物安全性仍不清楚。以国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)为研究对象,采用静态试验法测定三种农药对唐鱼的急性半致死浓度(LC50),通过分析三种农药对唐鱼内脏团组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,发现益霖薇净、紫薇清和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯对唐鱼96 h LC50分别为271.70 mg·L^(-1)、1022.77 mg·L^(-1)和63.37 mg·L^(-1)。0.2%高效氯氰菊酯对唐鱼的急性毒性最强,其次为益霖薇净和紫薇清,且这三种农药的毒性等级均为低毒性。氧化应激指标结果显示:较低浓度下,3种农药在暴露前期诱导唐鱼内脏团SOD活性升高,在暴露后期表现为SOD活性抑制或恢复到正常水平。益霖薇净在暴露前期唐鱼内脏团CAT活性升高,在暴露后期呈现低浓度促进、高浓度抑制。紫薇清和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯表现为24 h CAT活性受到抑制,之后活性升高。此外,三种农药可能引起唐鱼内脏团MDA含量升高,对唐鱼造成氧化损伤。该研究结果为农药的生态风险评估和环境安全管理提供了理论依据。展开更多
利用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱仪建立水体中残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯含量检测方法。采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(90%+10%)为流动相,使用以Eclipse Plus C18填充的色谱柱和质谱检测器,对水体中的残杀威和高...利用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱仪建立水体中残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯含量检测方法。采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(90%+10%)为流动相,使用以Eclipse Plus C18填充的色谱柱和质谱检测器,对水体中的残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明:残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯分别在0.94~47.10、0.63~31.29μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9991和0.9994,变异系数分别为0.52%和2.05%,高质量浓度水平的平均回收率分别为102.26%和102.44%,低质量浓度水平的平均回收率分别为90.74%和98.24%。该方法具有操作简便、分离效果好、快速等优点,线性关系、准确度、精密度和灵敏度均满足要求,可用于水体中残留检测和水生生态环境毒理研究。展开更多
就阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量对小菜蛾 Plutella xylostella L inneae羧酸酯酶(Car E)活性的影响进行了研究。用亚致死剂量的阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯分别处理阿维菌素敏感和抗性小菜蛾 ,使敏感品系 Car E比活力上升 ,抗性品系 Ca...就阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量对小菜蛾 Plutella xylostella L inneae羧酸酯酶(Car E)活性的影响进行了研究。用亚致死剂量的阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯分别处理阿维菌素敏感和抗性小菜蛾 ,使敏感品系 Car E比活力上升 ,抗性品系 Car E比活力下降。酶动力学研究表明 ,两种药剂亚致死剂量处理对小菜蛾 Car E与底物 α- NA亲和力的影响存在差异。在敏感品系中 ,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯处理前后 Car E的 Km 值无明显变化 ;抗性品系中 ,用阿维菌素亚致死剂量处理后 ,小菜蛾体内 Car E的 Km 值显著高于对照 ,即其对 α- NA的亲和力比对照组明显降低 ,高效氯氰菊酯处理组 Car E的 Km 值与对照相比无明显变化。展开更多
试验结果表明,高效氯氰菊酯对鲫鱼的96 h LC50为11.4μg/L。经0.114μg/L、0.57μg/L、1.14μg/L质量浓度处理后,随着农药质量浓度的增高和暴露时间的延长,谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活力升高,表明此农药对鲫鱼机体的损伤也增...试验结果表明,高效氯氰菊酯对鲫鱼的96 h LC50为11.4μg/L。经0.114μg/L、0.57μg/L、1.14μg/L质量浓度处理后,随着农药质量浓度的增高和暴露时间的延长,谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活力升高,表明此农药对鲫鱼机体的损伤也增强。GPT和GOT活性可以作为杀虫剂对环境安全性的一种评价标准。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20907042,20877071)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No. Y5090252)
文摘Enantioselectivity of chiral pollutants is receiving growing concern due to the difference in toxicology and environment fate between enantiomers.In this study,enantiomers of insecticide beta-cypermethrin （beta-CP） were separated on selected chiral column by HPLC,and the toxicity of enantiomers was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo-larval assays.The enantiomers of beta-CP were baseline separated on Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak AD columns and detected by circular dichroism （CD） at 236 nm.Better separation could be achieved at lower temperature （e.g.,20°C） and with lower levels of polar modifiers.Pure enantiomers were obtained on Chiralcel OD.The CD spectra of enantiomers were recorded.By comparing the elution order with a previous similar study,the absolute configuration of beta-CP enantiomers was determined.The individual enantiomers were used in zebrafish embryo test,and the results showed that beta-CP enantioselectively induced yolk sac edema,pericardial edema and crooked body.The 1R-cis-αS and 1R-trans-αS enantiomers showed strong developmental toxicities at concentration of 0.1 mg/L,while the 1S-cis-αR and 1S-trans-αR induced no malformations at higher concentration （e.g.,0.3 mg/L）.The results suggest that the enantioselective toxicological effects of beta-CP should be considered when evaluating its ecotoxicological effects.
基金spported by National Science Foundation of China(No.29873055)..
文摘The effects of three types of adjuvant (mineral oil, higher aliphatic acid and nonionic surfactant) on the penetration of beta-cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface were studied. The results showed that the penetration was positively correlated with both the concentration of adjuvant and the time after application, in a given range of treatment. A synergistic effect of two types of adjuvant on the penetration was found. Some physical properties of emulsions were determined. The change of the structures of the cabbage leaf surface by these adjuvants was observed from photomicrographs. The mechanism concerned with the effect of these adjuvants on the penetration of beta- cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface was tentatively discussed.
基金the National Basic Research Program(973 Program) (No.2001CCB00700) Wuhan Chenguang Scientific Program(No.2002500103)
文摘Beta-cypermethrin is one of the synthetic pyrethroid, which is widely used to control insect pests and is found to be more effective than organphosphates and carbamates. However, it is also reported to be more toxic than organphosphates and carbamates. It has been suggested that synthetic pyrethroids are readily absorbed by the gills of fish even at very low concentrations. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) exist in the cells of every tissue, particularly in the liver. If the liver is damaged, the enzymes are discharged from the cells into the serum. It increases the GPT and GOT metabolic activities quickly. It is, therefore, proposed that the effects of toxicants on serum GPT and GOT could be used as indexes in toxicological assessments. In this experiment, the effectiveness of beta-cypermethrin on the acute toxicity and on serum GPT and GOT concentration of crucian carp was studied. The LC 50 of beta-cypermethrin for crucian carp was 11.4μg/L. The crucian carp serum was treated against beta-cypermethrin levels of 0.114μg/L, 0.57μg/L and 1.14μg/L for exposure times of 0d, 5d, 10d, 15d and 20d, at all concentrations. The results show that when the beta-cypermethrin concentration increases and the exposure time is prolonged, the GPT and GOT activities of serum increased also. The results proved that beta-cypermethrin could cause great damage to crucian carp and its biochemical functions.
文摘益霖薇净(24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂)、紫薇清(16%2,4-D-8%二氯吡啶酸水剂)和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯是农林业生产中常用的农药,但其对水生生物安全性仍不清楚。以国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)为研究对象,采用静态试验法测定三种农药对唐鱼的急性半致死浓度(LC50),通过分析三种农药对唐鱼内脏团组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,发现益霖薇净、紫薇清和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯对唐鱼96 h LC50分别为271.70 mg·L^(-1)、1022.77 mg·L^(-1)和63.37 mg·L^(-1)。0.2%高效氯氰菊酯对唐鱼的急性毒性最强,其次为益霖薇净和紫薇清,且这三种农药的毒性等级均为低毒性。氧化应激指标结果显示:较低浓度下,3种农药在暴露前期诱导唐鱼内脏团SOD活性升高,在暴露后期表现为SOD活性抑制或恢复到正常水平。益霖薇净在暴露前期唐鱼内脏团CAT活性升高,在暴露后期呈现低浓度促进、高浓度抑制。紫薇清和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯表现为24 h CAT活性受到抑制,之后活性升高。此外,三种农药可能引起唐鱼内脏团MDA含量升高,对唐鱼造成氧化损伤。该研究结果为农药的生态风险评估和环境安全管理提供了理论依据。
文摘利用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱仪建立水体中残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯含量检测方法。采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(90%+10%)为流动相,使用以Eclipse Plus C18填充的色谱柱和质谱检测器,对水体中的残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明:残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯分别在0.94~47.10、0.63~31.29μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9991和0.9994,变异系数分别为0.52%和2.05%,高质量浓度水平的平均回收率分别为102.26%和102.44%,低质量浓度水平的平均回收率分别为90.74%和98.24%。该方法具有操作简便、分离效果好、快速等优点,线性关系、准确度、精密度和灵敏度均满足要求,可用于水体中残留检测和水生生态环境毒理研究。
文摘就阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量对小菜蛾 Plutella xylostella L inneae羧酸酯酶(Car E)活性的影响进行了研究。用亚致死剂量的阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯分别处理阿维菌素敏感和抗性小菜蛾 ,使敏感品系 Car E比活力上升 ,抗性品系 Car E比活力下降。酶动力学研究表明 ,两种药剂亚致死剂量处理对小菜蛾 Car E与底物 α- NA亲和力的影响存在差异。在敏感品系中 ,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯处理前后 Car E的 Km 值无明显变化 ;抗性品系中 ,用阿维菌素亚致死剂量处理后 ,小菜蛾体内 Car E的 Km 值显著高于对照 ,即其对 α- NA的亲和力比对照组明显降低 ,高效氯氰菊酯处理组 Car E的 Km 值与对照相比无明显变化。
文摘试验结果表明,高效氯氰菊酯对鲫鱼的96 h LC50为11.4μg/L。经0.114μg/L、0.57μg/L、1.14μg/L质量浓度处理后,随着农药质量浓度的增高和暴露时间的延长,谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活力升高,表明此农药对鲫鱼机体的损伤也增强。GPT和GOT活性可以作为杀虫剂对环境安全性的一种评价标准。
