The horizontal ecological compensation plays an important role in balancing the interests of all parties and coordinating regional development in the basin.However,the mechanism of ecological compensation based on emb...The horizontal ecological compensation plays an important role in balancing the interests of all parties and coordinating regional development in the basin.However,the mechanism of ecological compensation based on embodied carbon emissions is still poorly understood.Here,taking the Yellow River Basin as the research area,we use the multi-regional input-output(MRIO)model to measure the embodied carbon transfers between its seven urban agglomerations in 2012 and 2017 from the viewpoint of value-added trade benefits.Further,for the first time,the green trade benefits and ecological compensation amounts are analyzed.The results indicate that:(1)The transfer of trade-embodied carbon among the urban agglomerations in the basin showed obvious spatial heterogeneity and geographic proximity effects,and trade-embodied carbon outflows(inflows)had a pattern of"highest in the midstream,second in the downstream,and lowest in the upstream".(2)The industry composition of the urban agglomerations in relation to embodied carbon outflows(inflows)was similar,mainly in the service and heavy manufacturing industries.(3)The spatial pattern of green trade benefits in the basin had shifted from"high in the north and low in the surrounding area"to"high in the east-central part and low in the west".(4)The pattern of ecological compensation in the basin had shifted from the upstream surplus,the middle and downstream deficit to the midstream deficit,and the upstream and downstream surplus.Therefore,we recommend improving energy structures in high-demand urban agglomerations by adopting clean energy,focusing on decarbonization and energy efficiency in resource-rich regions.Additionally,promoting low-carbon economies,especially in the service and heavy manufacturing industries,implementing differentiated emission reduction strategies,and optimizing carbon compensation mechanisms considering regional disparities and resource endowments are crucial.It is expected that the study can enrich the scientific basis of horizontal ecological compensation and increase the fairness of regional carbon emission rights allocation.展开更多
Honey,a natural substance,has long been valued for its dual role in both food and medicine in diverse cultural traditions,particularly in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It is rich in sugars,amino acids,enzymes,poly...Honey,a natural substance,has long been valued for its dual role in both food and medicine in diverse cultural traditions,particularly in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It is rich in sugars,amino acids,enzymes,polyphenols,and flavonoids that contribute to its antimicrobial,antioxidant,and immuno-modulatory properties.Additionally,honey is effective in managing some conditions,such as antibiotic-resistant infections,inflammation,and oxidative stress-related diseases.This review explores the extensive health benefits of honey,emphasizing the homology between food and medicine,as proposed by TCM philosophy.Further,this review explores the traditional applications of honey in respiratory health,wound healing,and gastrointestinal support,along with modern scientific validation of these uses.Moreover,the role of honey as a dietary supplement,functional food,and preservative in culinary practices is examined.Overall,this review highlights the synergy between ancient wisdom and contemporary science,advocating for the continued exploration of the role of honey in health,nutrition,and medicine.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application effect of swine manure-straw returning and to determine the best mode. [Method] A field experiment under rice and wheat rotation with different swine manure-straw...[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application effect of swine manure-straw returning and to determine the best mode. [Method] A field experiment under rice and wheat rotation with different swine manure-straw treatments was con- ducted to study the growth characters and output of rice and wheat, calculate the economic benefit and carbon dioxide emission reduction, and analyze the best mode of swine manure applying-straw returning. [Result] The swine manure-straw returning was conducive to the growth of crop, the highest outputs of rice and wheat were on the treatment of ＂30% swine manure and 20% straw and 50% chemical fertiliz- er＂, they were 7 874.57 and 6 427.00 kg/hm^2, and saved cost about 5 146.35 Yuan/hm^2, increased input 5 312.56 and 3 931.93 Yuan/hm^2, the greenhouse gas e- mission reduction was 1.30 t/hm^2 （calculated according to carbon dioxide on a dry basis）. [Conclusion] The treatment of ＂30% swine manure and 20% straw and 50% chemical fertilizer＂ was the best mode of swine manure-straw returning.展开更多
The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field expe...The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.展开更多
Nansha wetland plays a crucial role in ecological balance of the Pearl River Delta or even Guangzhou. The research, based on researches available, analyzed ecological benefits of Nansha wetland and proposed protection...Nansha wetland plays a crucial role in ecological balance of the Pearl River Delta or even Guangzhou. The research, based on researches available, analyzed ecological benefits of Nansha wetland and proposed protection measures in order to better protect urban wetlands and achieve sustainable development of ecological resources of Nansha wetland.展开更多
With the increasing use of technology in language education,understanding the benefits and barriers of mobile-assisted language learning(MALL)is crucial for effective integration.Qualitative data were collected throug...With the increasing use of technology in language education,understanding the benefits and barriers of mobile-assisted language learning(MALL)is crucial for effective integration.Qualitative data were collected through interviews among Chinese English teachers in universities.Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes.The findings reveal that Chinese English teachers perceive MALL to offer benefits like convenience,effectiveness,efficiency,engagement,personalization,and resource richness.However,several barriers were identified,including low teacher ability,student device misuse,lack of institutional support,technical limitations,health concerns,and time constraints.These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of MALL in Chinese universities and have implications for language teaching practice.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of substituting corn pellets with potato residue on the growth performance,rumen fermentation indicators and economic benefits of Xinjiang Brown cattle.[Method]A tot...[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of substituting corn pellets with potato residue on the growth performance,rumen fermentation indicators and economic benefits of Xinjiang Brown cattle.[Method]A total of 80 Xinjiang Brown cattle,each 22 months old and with a similar body weight of(250±15)kg,were randomly assigned to four groups,with 20 cattle in each group,utilizing a single-factor experimental design.The total mixed diets for the experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were formulated by substituting corn pellets with 2.00%,4.00%,and 6.00%potato residue,respectively,while the diet in the control group was not substituted with potato residue.The duration of the test was 100 d,which comprised a pre-test period of 10 d and a formal test period of 90 d.During the test period,the average dry matter intake,average daily weight gain and feed-gain ratio were assessed at 30-day intervals,and body size indicators were measured on days 0 and 90.Rumen fluid samples were collected from the oral cavity on days 0,30,60,and 90 to assess rumen fermentation parameters.Additionally,jugular blood samples were obtained during the fasting period,and serum was separated for the analysis of total protein mass concentration,urea nitrogen,and glucose concentration.Furthermore,the economic benefits accrued during the test period were calculated.[Result]The dry matter intake in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in the control group from days 31 to 60(P<0.05).In contrast,the differences in dry matter intake between experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ and the control group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).From days 61 to 90,the dry matter intake in experimental group Ⅰ remained significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).Throughout the entire experimental period,the average daily weight gain observed in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly greater than that recorded in the other groups(P<0.05).Additionally,the total weight gain over the entire period was significantly higher than that of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05)and markedly higher than that of both the control group and experimental group Ⅲ(P<0.01).The feed-gain ratio in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05).There were no statisticaly significant differences observed in body height,slope length,thoracic circumference,abdominal circumference,rumen pH,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,valeric acid,total volatile fatty acids,and ammoniacal nitrogen mass concentration among the groups(P>0.05).On the 90th day of the experiment,the serum urea nitrogen concentration in beef cattle from experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in the control group and experimental group Ⅲ(P<0.05).Additionally,the profit margins in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were higher than those in the control group,and the profit margin in experimental group Ⅰ was the highest.[Conclusion]The substitution of corn pellets with potato residue has the potential to enhance the average daily weight gain and total weight gain throughout the entire period in beef cattle,while simultaneously reducing the feed-gain ratio.However,this substitution does not appear to have a significant impact on body size indicators,rumen fermentation parameters,or the concentrations of serum total protein and glucose in beef cattle.Furthermore,this approach may yield improved breeding profitability,with a recommended substitution ratio of 2.00%based on the conditions of this experiment.展开更多
Public participation is crucial in mitigating disasters.Stemming from the ongoing debate on benefit-and risk-driven approaches to landslide mitigation,this study seeks to uncover the factors and underlying mechanisms ...Public participation is crucial in mitigating disasters.Stemming from the ongoing debate on benefit-and risk-driven approaches to landslide mitigation,this study seeks to uncover the factors and underlying mechanisms that affect farmers'willingness to participate in landslide prevention and mitigation(WPLPM).Conducted in Heifangtai,Gansu Province,China,renowned as the"landslide natural laboratory",this research employs multiple linear regression analysis on data from 399 questionnaires to pinpoint the key determinants of farmers'WPLPM.The findings reveal:(1)the"risk perception paradox"exists—farmers have high-risk perception but low WPLPM;(2)the impact of risk perception on WPLPM is tempered by self-efficacy related to fund,learning ability,and operation ability,offering an insight into the"risk perception paradox";and(3)There are significant positive influences of farmers'benefit perception,social network,and perceived responsibility on their WPLPM.Based on these insights,the study offers targeted policy recommendations.展开更多
[Objective] Study on the effects of rice-duck mutualism on weeds and insects pests and economic benefits of paddy field. [Method] Comparison of the incidence of weeds, sheath blight and insects pest under rice-duck mu...[Objective] Study on the effects of rice-duck mutualism on weeds and insects pests and economic benefits of paddy field. [Method] Comparison of the incidence of weeds, sheath blight and insects pest under rice-duck mutualism, conventional cultivation and control treatment, the yield and economic benefits were analyzed under the 3 treatments. [Result] Average occurrence of weeds in rice-duck mutualism group decreased by 2.33 and 52.0g ind/m^2 compared with that in conventional cultivation and control treatment ; the control rate of mutualism was up to 75% against rice hopper, but just between 25% -60% against rice leaf roller and Chilo suppressalis. The rates of diseased plant and diseased bell against rice sheath blight were higher and disease indices were lower compared with control group. The yield of mutualism group was identical with conventional cultivation, Which was greatly higher than that of control group. The results suggested an higher economic benefits and lower cost benefit ratio for rice-duck mutualism treatment. [Conclusion] Rice-duck mutualism gives birth to a positive effect to control the diseases, insect pests and weeds, as well as to economic benefits, providing basis on extension of rice-duck mutualism system.展开更多
Ningza No.21, a new hybrid rapeseed cultivar, was used as the test mate-rial in this study. The common planting models in large-scale production （3 trans-planting models and 2 direct-seeding models） were adopted. Ba...Ningza No.21, a new hybrid rapeseed cultivar, was used as the test mate-rial in this study. The common planting models in large-scale production （3 trans-planting models and 2 direct-seeding models） were adopted. Based on the high-yield cultivation, the yield and economic benefits of different planting models were investi-gated. ln addition, the labor costs, agricultural production materials costs and agri-cultural machinery costs of different planting model were analyzed to explore the low-costs and high-economic benefits planting model. The results showed the yields of the 5 planting models were al relatively high with average yield of 3 282.30 kg/hm2, ranging from 2 899.50 to 3 642.00 kg/hm2. Although the average yield and output value of transplanting models were higher than that of direct-seedling models by 429.25 kg/hm2 and 2 189.18 yuan/hm2 respectively, the production costs of trans-planting models were higher than that of direct-seedling model by 2 098.81 yuan/hm2 and the economic benefits were basical y equal. Among the costs of rapeseed pro-duction, the labor costs accounted for more than 60%. ln the labor costs, the har-vesting labor costs represented about 50%. Therefore, under current production con-ditions, the direct seeding and mechanized harvesting should be adopted in the rapeseed production to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits.展开更多
Ocean fishing is one of the most important parts of the fishery economy in China. After more than 20 years of development, China has developed into one of the major ocean fishing countries in the world. However, due t...Ocean fishing is one of the most important parts of the fishery economy in China. After more than 20 years of development, China has developed into one of the major ocean fishing countries in the world. However, due to the influence of natural laws at home and abroad, China＇s deep-sea fisheries have been faced with difficulties such as rising costs, increasing competition pressure on fishery resources and backward fishery equipment. In recent years, the development of ocean fishing has faced many difficulties. Therefore, this paper analyzes the economic and social benefits of the steel ocean fishing vessel and the glass and steel ocean fishing vessel. It has reached the aim of providing theoretical support for the new development direction of ocean fishing in China. Among them, the economic benefits are mainly compared and analyzed from four aspects of the maintenance fee, depreciation, fuel consumption and operational efficiency. Social benefits are mainly embodied in the aspects of energy saving, emission reduction, increasing consumption and reducing consumption, protecting resources and environment, ensuring the safety of fishermen at sea, optimizing the structure of fishery industry, and promoting standardization of fishing vessels. Through the analysis of these two aspects, the advantage and the obvious gain effect of the FRP ocean fishing vessel are fully proved. The FRP ocean fishing vessels can be realized more quickly by the enterprises built and used. Finally, it can promote the development of ocean FRP Ocean fishing vessels in China.展开更多
Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore...Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore the spatial distribution of the ridge direction of the arable land and its soil and water conservation benefits in different terrain conditions in the black soil area. So Binxian County of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, and 168 field investigation units were ex- tracted by stratified sampling method and investigated. According to equations of slope gradient factor and slope gradient in ridge direction, and based on the soft- ware of Arcmap, SPSS and Excel, the investigation data of soil and water loss in Binxian County were analyzed and counted, The results show that in plain, hilly and mountainous areas, the average ground slope gradients are 1.92°, 6.20° and 8.27° respectively, and the average slope gradients along ridge direction are 1.33°, 4.52°and 6.45° respectively, which account for about 70%, 73% and 78% of the average ground slope gradients in the same terrain condition; the relative quantities of soil erosion in the present ridge tillage condition account for about 55%, 69% and 67% respectively of that in down-slope ridge tillage conditions, so the present ridge tillage has obviously relative soil and water conservation benefits. Based on these results, the reasons of the present ridge tillage status were analyzed, and some reform measures were proposed. The results could not only help to comprehend the spatial distribution and soil and water conservation benefits of ridge tillage in the black soil area of Northeast China, but also provide scientific references for the layout of local soil and water conservation measures.展开更多
This paper summarizes the benefits of ISO 9000 certification based on the findings of nine research studies conducted in more than ten developed countries/cities. Major benefits derived by the certified companies are ...This paper summarizes the benefits of ISO 9000 certification based on the findings of nine research studies conducted in more than ten developed countries/cities. Major benefits derived by the certified companies are identified. Future development approaches adopted by certified companies are summarized. Aspects of research methodology and objective for future research in ISO 9000 are also discussed.展开更多
Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),a highly nutritious and functional fruit,is reported to have various health benefits and has been extensively planted worldwide,especially in China.Many studies have shown that bioactive ...Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),a highly nutritious and functional fruit,is reported to have various health benefits and has been extensively planted worldwide,especially in China.Many studies have shown that bioactive components derived from jujube fruit have significant nutritional and potential biological effects.In this paper,the latest progress in research on major bioactive compounds obtained from jujube is reviewed,and the potential biological functions of jujube fruit resources are discussed.As a dietary supplement,jujube fruit is well recognized as a healthy food which contains a variety of bioactive substances,such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,amino acids,nucleotides,fatty acids,dietary fiber,alkaloids,and other nutrients.These nutrients and non-nutritive phytochemicals obtained from jujube fruit have physiological functions including anticancer,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-hyperglycemic,immunoregulatory,neuroprotective,sedative,and antiviral functions.Of note is that new constituents,including alkaloids,dietary fiber,and other bioactive substances,as well as the antiviral,hypoglycemic,lipid-lowering,and neuroprotective effects of jujube fruit,are systematically reviewed here for the first time.Meanwhile,problems affecting the exploitation of jujube fruit resources are discussed and further research directions proposed.Therefore,this review provides a useful bibliography for the future development of jujube-based products and the utilization of jujube nutritional components in functional foods.展开更多
A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the economic and ecological benefits of six types of vegetation management measures in citrus orchards of the hilly red soil region of the eastern part ...A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the economic and ecological benefits of six types of vegetation management measures in citrus orchards of the hilly red soil region of the eastern part of China.Six vegetation treatments,including tillage without herbicide(clean tillage)and no tillage without herbicide(sod culture) and with herbicide paraquat(paraquat),glyphosate(glyphosate),glyphosate-glyphosate-paraquat(G-G-P),and paraquat- paraquat-glyphosate(P-P-G),were applied in the citrus orchards on a clayey red soil with slopes of 8°and 13°and a sandy soil with slope of 25°.The results showed that the sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments reduced surface runoff by 38.8%,42.5%,18.7%,28.7%,and 37.5%,then the soil-water losses by 55.5%,51.7%,39.9%,46.8%, and 50.0%,and the N,P,and K nutrient losses by 60.3%,50.2%,37.0%,41.8%,and 45.4%,respectively,as compared with the clean tillage treatment.The weed regeneration ratios with the treatments of clean tillage without herbicide,paraquat, glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G were reduced by 55.1%,67.2%,30.3%,36.8%,and 51.2%,respectively,as compared with the sod culture.The sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments could increase the soil fertility (annual accumulation of N,P,K,and OM)by 7.1%,6.9%,5.3%,6.2%,and 6.6%,respectively,whereas the clean tillage treatment without herbicide reduced soil fertility by 4.4% after the three-year experiment.The citrus fruit yields in the treatments of paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G increased by 7%-10%;the soluble solid,total sugar,total acidity,sugar-acid ratio,and single fruit weight of citrus fruits of all treatments except sod culture significantly(P>0.05) exceeded that of the clean tillage treatment.In general,the paraquat treatment showed the best economic and ecological benefits among the six treatments;therefore,it could be regarded as the best available vegetation management measure in citrus orchards of hilly red soil region to retain water and soil,enhance soil fertility,and improve the yield and quality of citrus.展开更多
De-farming slope farmland has been an effective measure in recent years to improve environment and prevent soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau.There are different views about the defarming method,and also various...De-farming slope farmland has been an effective measure in recent years to improve environment and prevent soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau.There are different views about the defarming method,and also various de-farming patterns have been put into practice.This paper takes the Yangou Watershed in Shaanxi Province of China as a case for studying the comprehensive benefits of transforming slope farmland to terraces.Based on the day-by-day meteorological data of the Yan'an station in 2005 and the data of terrain features,soil and land use data of the Yangou Watershed,the impact of transforming slope farmland on terraces were simulated and analyzed in aspects of yield increase and water-soil conservation under different topographic conditions with the aid of software WIN-YIELD.Furthermore,an empirical analysis was applied to study the effects of transforming slope farmland to terraces in the Yangou Watershed.The results show that:(1) The bigger the topographic gradient is,the more remarkable benefits it has in yield increase and water-soil conservation.(2) Farmland with slope below 5° could be retained,but farmland with slope above 15° should be converted to forest or grassland as soon as possible.(3) Transforming slope farmland to terraces has the same remarkable effects as the current policy of "Relieving and de-farming" in improving agricultural production conditions,safeguarding food security,raising permanent vegetation coverage rate,and preventing soil and water loss.Besides,it is more cost-effective than the policy of "Relieving and de-farming".It's strongly suggested that the policy of transforming slope farmland to terraces be carried out on the Loess Plateau without delay.展开更多
1.Introduction With the increase in older populations worldwide1 comes an increased health burden related to chronic diseases.2–4One of the most disabling of these is knee osteoarthritis（OA）,which occurs in million...1.Introduction With the increase in older populations worldwide1 comes an increased health burden related to chronic diseases.2–4One of the most disabling of these is knee osteoarthritis（OA）,which occurs in millions of older adults who subsequently live with joint pain and stiffness,leading to chronic disability and a diminished quality of life.5,6 Epidemiological evidence shows a higher prevalence of OA in older adults living in urban and展开更多
During the 15th Conference of the Parties （COP 15）, Parties agreed that reducing emissions from deforesta- tion and forest degradation and enhancing ＇removals of greenhouse gas emission by forests＇ （REDD＋） in d...During the 15th Conference of the Parties （COP 15）, Parties agreed that reducing emissions from deforesta- tion and forest degradation and enhancing ＇removals of greenhouse gas emission by forests＇ （REDD＋） in developing countries through positive incentives under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change （UNFCCC） was capable of dealing with global emissions. As REDD＋ seeks to lower emissions by stopping deforestation and for- est degradation with an international payment tier according to baseline scenarios, opportunities for ecosystem benefits such as slowing habitat fragmentation, conservation of forest biodiversity, soil conservation may be also part of this effort. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate ecosystem-based benefits of REDD＋, and to identify the rela- tionships with carbon stock changes. To achieve this goal, high resolution satellite images are combined with Normal- ized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） to identify historical deforestation in study area of Central Kalimantan, In- donesia. The carbon emissions for the period of 2000-2005 and 2005-2009 are 2.73 ×10^5 t CO2 and 1.47× 10^6 t CO2 respectively, showing an increasing trend in recent years. Dring 2005-2009, number of patches （NP）, patch density （PD）, mean shape index distribution （SHAPE_MN） increased 30.8%, 30.7% and 7.6%. Meanwhile, largest patch index （LPI）, mean area （AREA MN）, area-weighted mean of shape index distribution （SHAPE_AM）, neighbor distance （ENN_MN） and interspersion and juxtaposition index （IJI） decreased by 55.3%, 29.7%, 15.8%, 53.4% and 21.5% re- spectively. The area regarding as positive correlation between carbon emissions and soil erosion was approximately 8.9 x l03 ha corresponding to 96.0% of the changing forest. These results support the view that there are strong syner- gies among carbon loss, forest fragmentation and soil erosion in tropical forests. Such mechanism of REDD＋ is likely to present opportunities for multiple benefits that fall outside the scope of carbon stocks.展开更多
Environmental benefits of underground coal gasification are evaluated. The results showed that through underground coal gasification, gangue discharge is eliminated, sulfur emission is reduced, and the amount of ash,...Environmental benefits of underground coal gasification are evaluated. The results showed that through underground coal gasification, gangue discharge is eliminated, sulfur emission is reduced, and the amount of ash, mercury, and tar discharge are decreased. Moreover, effect of underground gasification on underground water is analyzed and CO 2 disposal method is put forward.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 42201302)the"Double First-Class"University Construction Project of Lanzhou University(Grant number:561120213)。
文摘The horizontal ecological compensation plays an important role in balancing the interests of all parties and coordinating regional development in the basin.However,the mechanism of ecological compensation based on embodied carbon emissions is still poorly understood.Here,taking the Yellow River Basin as the research area,we use the multi-regional input-output(MRIO)model to measure the embodied carbon transfers between its seven urban agglomerations in 2012 and 2017 from the viewpoint of value-added trade benefits.Further,for the first time,the green trade benefits and ecological compensation amounts are analyzed.The results indicate that:(1)The transfer of trade-embodied carbon among the urban agglomerations in the basin showed obvious spatial heterogeneity and geographic proximity effects,and trade-embodied carbon outflows(inflows)had a pattern of"highest in the midstream,second in the downstream,and lowest in the upstream".(2)The industry composition of the urban agglomerations in relation to embodied carbon outflows(inflows)was similar,mainly in the service and heavy manufacturing industries.(3)The spatial pattern of green trade benefits in the basin had shifted from"high in the north and low in the surrounding area"to"high in the east-central part and low in the west".(4)The pattern of ecological compensation in the basin had shifted from the upstream surplus,the middle and downstream deficit to the midstream deficit,and the upstream and downstream surplus.Therefore,we recommend improving energy structures in high-demand urban agglomerations by adopting clean energy,focusing on decarbonization and energy efficiency in resource-rich regions.Additionally,promoting low-carbon economies,especially in the service and heavy manufacturing industries,implementing differentiated emission reduction strategies,and optimizing carbon compensation mechanisms considering regional disparities and resource endowments are crucial.It is expected that the study can enrich the scientific basis of horizontal ecological compensation and increase the fairness of regional carbon emission rights allocation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322079)Beijing Nova Program(20220484101)Talented Young Scientist Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M753576).
文摘Honey,a natural substance,has long been valued for its dual role in both food and medicine in diverse cultural traditions,particularly in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It is rich in sugars,amino acids,enzymes,polyphenols,and flavonoids that contribute to its antimicrobial,antioxidant,and immuno-modulatory properties.Additionally,honey is effective in managing some conditions,such as antibiotic-resistant infections,inflammation,and oxidative stress-related diseases.This review explores the extensive health benefits of honey,emphasizing the homology between food and medicine,as proposed by TCM philosophy.Further,this review explores the traditional applications of honey in respiratory health,wound healing,and gastrointestinal support,along with modern scientific validation of these uses.Moreover,the role of honey as a dietary supplement,functional food,and preservative in culinary practices is examined.Overall,this review highlights the synergy between ancient wisdom and contemporary science,advocating for the continued exploration of the role of honey in health,nutrition,and medicine.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(2014NZ0044)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application effect of swine manure-straw returning and to determine the best mode. [Method] A field experiment under rice and wheat rotation with different swine manure-straw treatments was con- ducted to study the growth characters and output of rice and wheat, calculate the economic benefit and carbon dioxide emission reduction, and analyze the best mode of swine manure applying-straw returning. [Result] The swine manure-straw returning was conducive to the growth of crop, the highest outputs of rice and wheat were on the treatment of ＂30% swine manure and 20% straw and 50% chemical fertiliz- er＂, they were 7 874.57 and 6 427.00 kg/hm^2, and saved cost about 5 146.35 Yuan/hm^2, increased input 5 312.56 and 3 931.93 Yuan/hm^2, the greenhouse gas e- mission reduction was 1.30 t/hm^2 （calculated according to carbon dioxide on a dry basis）. [Conclusion] The treatment of ＂30% swine manure and 20% straw and 50% chemical fertilizer＂ was the best mode of swine manure-straw returning.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Project of Hainan Land Reclamation Bureau([2009]57)~~
文摘The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.
文摘Nansha wetland plays a crucial role in ecological balance of the Pearl River Delta or even Guangzhou. The research, based on researches available, analyzed ecological benefits of Nansha wetland and proposed protection measures in order to better protect urban wetlands and achieve sustainable development of ecological resources of Nansha wetland.
文摘With the increasing use of technology in language education,understanding the benefits and barriers of mobile-assisted language learning(MALL)is crucial for effective integration.Qualitative data were collected through interviews among Chinese English teachers in universities.Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes.The findings reveal that Chinese English teachers perceive MALL to offer benefits like convenience,effectiveness,efficiency,engagement,personalization,and resource richness.However,several barriers were identified,including low teacher ability,student device misuse,lack of institutional support,technical limitations,health concerns,and time constraints.These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of MALL in Chinese universities and have implications for language teaching practice.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation Key Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01D10)China Agricultural Industry Research System of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2024(XJARS-12-05)Project of Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Yili Prefecture.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of substituting corn pellets with potato residue on the growth performance,rumen fermentation indicators and economic benefits of Xinjiang Brown cattle.[Method]A total of 80 Xinjiang Brown cattle,each 22 months old and with a similar body weight of(250±15)kg,were randomly assigned to four groups,with 20 cattle in each group,utilizing a single-factor experimental design.The total mixed diets for the experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were formulated by substituting corn pellets with 2.00%,4.00%,and 6.00%potato residue,respectively,while the diet in the control group was not substituted with potato residue.The duration of the test was 100 d,which comprised a pre-test period of 10 d and a formal test period of 90 d.During the test period,the average dry matter intake,average daily weight gain and feed-gain ratio were assessed at 30-day intervals,and body size indicators were measured on days 0 and 90.Rumen fluid samples were collected from the oral cavity on days 0,30,60,and 90 to assess rumen fermentation parameters.Additionally,jugular blood samples were obtained during the fasting period,and serum was separated for the analysis of total protein mass concentration,urea nitrogen,and glucose concentration.Furthermore,the economic benefits accrued during the test period were calculated.[Result]The dry matter intake in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in the control group from days 31 to 60(P<0.05).In contrast,the differences in dry matter intake between experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ and the control group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).From days 61 to 90,the dry matter intake in experimental group Ⅰ remained significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).Throughout the entire experimental period,the average daily weight gain observed in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly greater than that recorded in the other groups(P<0.05).Additionally,the total weight gain over the entire period was significantly higher than that of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05)and markedly higher than that of both the control group and experimental group Ⅲ(P<0.01).The feed-gain ratio in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05).There were no statisticaly significant differences observed in body height,slope length,thoracic circumference,abdominal circumference,rumen pH,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,valeric acid,total volatile fatty acids,and ammoniacal nitrogen mass concentration among the groups(P>0.05).On the 90th day of the experiment,the serum urea nitrogen concentration in beef cattle from experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in the control group and experimental group Ⅲ(P<0.05).Additionally,the profit margins in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were higher than those in the control group,and the profit margin in experimental group Ⅰ was the highest.[Conclusion]The substitution of corn pellets with potato residue has the potential to enhance the average daily weight gain and total weight gain throughout the entire period in beef cattle,while simultaneously reducing the feed-gain ratio.However,this substitution does not appear to have a significant impact on body size indicators,rumen fermentation parameters,or the concentrations of serum total protein and glucose in beef cattle.Furthermore,this approach may yield improved breeding profitability,with a recommended substitution ratio of 2.00%based on the conditions of this experiment.
基金funded by National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 24&ZD164)。
文摘Public participation is crucial in mitigating disasters.Stemming from the ongoing debate on benefit-and risk-driven approaches to landslide mitigation,this study seeks to uncover the factors and underlying mechanisms that affect farmers'willingness to participate in landslide prevention and mitigation(WPLPM).Conducted in Heifangtai,Gansu Province,China,renowned as the"landslide natural laboratory",this research employs multiple linear regression analysis on data from 399 questionnaires to pinpoint the key determinants of farmers'WPLPM.The findings reveal:(1)the"risk perception paradox"exists—farmers have high-risk perception but low WPLPM;(2)the impact of risk perception on WPLPM is tempered by self-efficacy related to fund,learning ability,and operation ability,offering an insight into the"risk perception paradox";and(3)There are significant positive influences of farmers'benefit perception,social network,and perceived responsibility on their WPLPM.Based on these insights,the study offers targeted policy recommendations.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China“National Project of Science and Technology for Food Production”(2004ba520a04)~~
文摘[Objective] Study on the effects of rice-duck mutualism on weeds and insects pests and economic benefits of paddy field. [Method] Comparison of the incidence of weeds, sheath blight and insects pest under rice-duck mutualism, conventional cultivation and control treatment, the yield and economic benefits were analyzed under the 3 treatments. [Result] Average occurrence of weeds in rice-duck mutualism group decreased by 2.33 and 52.0g ind/m^2 compared with that in conventional cultivation and control treatment ; the control rate of mutualism was up to 75% against rice hopper, but just between 25% -60% against rice leaf roller and Chilo suppressalis. The rates of diseased plant and diseased bell against rice sheath blight were higher and disease indices were lower compared with control group. The yield of mutualism group was identical with conventional cultivation, Which was greatly higher than that of control group. The results suggested an higher economic benefits and lower cost benefit ratio for rice-duck mutualism treatment. [Conclusion] Rice-duck mutualism gives birth to a positive effect to control the diseases, insect pests and weeds, as well as to economic benefits, providing basis on extension of rice-duck mutualism system.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2010BAD01B06)Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program(BE2012327)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(14)2003)~~
文摘Ningza No.21, a new hybrid rapeseed cultivar, was used as the test mate-rial in this study. The common planting models in large-scale production （3 trans-planting models and 2 direct-seeding models） were adopted. Based on the high-yield cultivation, the yield and economic benefits of different planting models were investi-gated. ln addition, the labor costs, agricultural production materials costs and agri-cultural machinery costs of different planting model were analyzed to explore the low-costs and high-economic benefits planting model. The results showed the yields of the 5 planting models were al relatively high with average yield of 3 282.30 kg/hm2, ranging from 2 899.50 to 3 642.00 kg/hm2. Although the average yield and output value of transplanting models were higher than that of direct-seedling models by 429.25 kg/hm2 and 2 189.18 yuan/hm2 respectively, the production costs of trans-planting models were higher than that of direct-seedling model by 2 098.81 yuan/hm2 and the economic benefits were basical y equal. Among the costs of rapeseed pro-duction, the labor costs accounted for more than 60%. ln the labor costs, the har-vesting labor costs represented about 50%. Therefore, under current production con-ditions, the direct seeding and mechanized harvesting should be adopted in the rapeseed production to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits.
文摘Ocean fishing is one of the most important parts of the fishery economy in China. After more than 20 years of development, China has developed into one of the major ocean fishing countries in the world. However, due to the influence of natural laws at home and abroad, China＇s deep-sea fisheries have been faced with difficulties such as rising costs, increasing competition pressure on fishery resources and backward fishery equipment. In recent years, the development of ocean fishing has faced many difficulties. Therefore, this paper analyzes the economic and social benefits of the steel ocean fishing vessel and the glass and steel ocean fishing vessel. It has reached the aim of providing theoretical support for the new development direction of ocean fishing in China. Among them, the economic benefits are mainly compared and analyzed from four aspects of the maintenance fee, depreciation, fuel consumption and operational efficiency. Social benefits are mainly embodied in the aspects of energy saving, emission reduction, increasing consumption and reducing consumption, protecting resources and environment, ensuring the safety of fishermen at sea, optimizing the structure of fishery industry, and promoting standardization of fishing vessels. Through the analysis of these two aspects, the advantage and the obvious gain effect of the FRP ocean fishing vessel are fully proved. The FRP ocean fishing vessels can be realized more quickly by the enterprises built and used. Finally, it can promote the development of ocean FRP Ocean fishing vessels in China.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB407204)~~
文摘Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore the spatial distribution of the ridge direction of the arable land and its soil and water conservation benefits in different terrain conditions in the black soil area. So Binxian County of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, and 168 field investigation units were ex- tracted by stratified sampling method and investigated. According to equations of slope gradient factor and slope gradient in ridge direction, and based on the soft- ware of Arcmap, SPSS and Excel, the investigation data of soil and water loss in Binxian County were analyzed and counted, The results show that in plain, hilly and mountainous areas, the average ground slope gradients are 1.92°, 6.20° and 8.27° respectively, and the average slope gradients along ridge direction are 1.33°, 4.52°and 6.45° respectively, which account for about 70%, 73% and 78% of the average ground slope gradients in the same terrain condition; the relative quantities of soil erosion in the present ridge tillage condition account for about 55%, 69% and 67% respectively of that in down-slope ridge tillage conditions, so the present ridge tillage has obviously relative soil and water conservation benefits. Based on these results, the reasons of the present ridge tillage status were analyzed, and some reform measures were proposed. The results could not only help to comprehend the spatial distribution and soil and water conservation benefits of ridge tillage in the black soil area of Northeast China, but also provide scientific references for the layout of local soil and water conservation measures.
文摘This paper summarizes the benefits of ISO 9000 certification based on the findings of nine research studies conducted in more than ten developed countries/cities. Major benefits derived by the certified companies are identified. Future development approaches adopted by certified companies are summarized. Aspects of research methodology and objective for future research in ISO 9000 are also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1703105)the Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program of China(No.2019C02074)。
文摘Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),a highly nutritious and functional fruit,is reported to have various health benefits and has been extensively planted worldwide,especially in China.Many studies have shown that bioactive components derived from jujube fruit have significant nutritional and potential biological effects.In this paper,the latest progress in research on major bioactive compounds obtained from jujube is reviewed,and the potential biological functions of jujube fruit resources are discussed.As a dietary supplement,jujube fruit is well recognized as a healthy food which contains a variety of bioactive substances,such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,amino acids,nucleotides,fatty acids,dietary fiber,alkaloids,and other nutrients.These nutrients and non-nutritive phytochemicals obtained from jujube fruit have physiological functions including anticancer,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-hyperglycemic,immunoregulatory,neuroprotective,sedative,and antiviral functions.Of note is that new constituents,including alkaloids,dietary fiber,and other bioactive substances,as well as the antiviral,hypoglycemic,lipid-lowering,and neuroprotective effects of jujube fruit,are systematically reviewed here for the first time.Meanwhile,problems affecting the exploitation of jujube fruit resources are discussed and further research directions proposed.Therefore,this review provides a useful bibliography for the future development of jujube-based products and the utilization of jujube nutritional components in functional foods.
文摘A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the economic and ecological benefits of six types of vegetation management measures in citrus orchards of the hilly red soil region of the eastern part of China.Six vegetation treatments,including tillage without herbicide(clean tillage)and no tillage without herbicide(sod culture) and with herbicide paraquat(paraquat),glyphosate(glyphosate),glyphosate-glyphosate-paraquat(G-G-P),and paraquat- paraquat-glyphosate(P-P-G),were applied in the citrus orchards on a clayey red soil with slopes of 8°and 13°and a sandy soil with slope of 25°.The results showed that the sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments reduced surface runoff by 38.8%,42.5%,18.7%,28.7%,and 37.5%,then the soil-water losses by 55.5%,51.7%,39.9%,46.8%, and 50.0%,and the N,P,and K nutrient losses by 60.3%,50.2%,37.0%,41.8%,and 45.4%,respectively,as compared with the clean tillage treatment.The weed regeneration ratios with the treatments of clean tillage without herbicide,paraquat, glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G were reduced by 55.1%,67.2%,30.3%,36.8%,and 51.2%,respectively,as compared with the sod culture.The sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments could increase the soil fertility (annual accumulation of N,P,K,and OM)by 7.1%,6.9%,5.3%,6.2%,and 6.6%,respectively,whereas the clean tillage treatment without herbicide reduced soil fertility by 4.4% after the three-year experiment.The citrus fruit yields in the treatments of paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G increased by 7%-10%;the soluble solid,total sugar,total acidity,sugar-acid ratio,and single fruit weight of citrus fruits of all treatments except sod culture significantly(P>0.05) exceeded that of the clean tillage treatment.In general,the paraquat treatment showed the best economic and ecological benefits among the six treatments;therefore,it could be regarded as the best available vegetation management measure in citrus orchards of hilly red soil region to retain water and soil,enhance soil fertility,and improve the yield and quality of citrus.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40771086)National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No.2006BAD09B10)Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-XB2-05-01)
文摘De-farming slope farmland has been an effective measure in recent years to improve environment and prevent soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau.There are different views about the defarming method,and also various de-farming patterns have been put into practice.This paper takes the Yangou Watershed in Shaanxi Province of China as a case for studying the comprehensive benefits of transforming slope farmland to terraces.Based on the day-by-day meteorological data of the Yan'an station in 2005 and the data of terrain features,soil and land use data of the Yangou Watershed,the impact of transforming slope farmland on terraces were simulated and analyzed in aspects of yield increase and water-soil conservation under different topographic conditions with the aid of software WIN-YIELD.Furthermore,an empirical analysis was applied to study the effects of transforming slope farmland to terraces in the Yangou Watershed.The results show that:(1) The bigger the topographic gradient is,the more remarkable benefits it has in yield increase and water-soil conservation.(2) Farmland with slope below 5° could be retained,but farmland with slope above 15° should be converted to forest or grassland as soon as possible.(3) Transforming slope farmland to terraces has the same remarkable effects as the current policy of "Relieving and de-farming" in improving agricultural production conditions,safeguarding food security,raising permanent vegetation coverage rate,and preventing soil and water loss.Besides,it is more cost-effective than the policy of "Relieving and de-farming".It's strongly suggested that the policy of transforming slope farmland to terraces be carried out on the Loess Plateau without delay.
基金Supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging (Nos. AG034956, AG045094)
文摘1.Introduction With the increase in older populations worldwide1 comes an increased health burden related to chronic diseases.2–4One of the most disabling of these is knee osteoarthritis（OA）,which occurs in millions of older adults who subsequently live with joint pain and stiffness,leading to chronic disability and a diminished quality of life.5,6 Epidemiological evidence shows a higher prevalence of OA in older adults living in urban and
基金Under the auspices of National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB955800,2012CB955804)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41171438)+2 种基金Foundation of Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (No.EBLU2010-01NSY-Suneetha)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA05050000)Science Foundation of Government of Henan Province & Ministry of Education (No. SBGJ090110,2010YBZR043)
文摘During the 15th Conference of the Parties （COP 15）, Parties agreed that reducing emissions from deforesta- tion and forest degradation and enhancing ＇removals of greenhouse gas emission by forests＇ （REDD＋） in developing countries through positive incentives under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change （UNFCCC） was capable of dealing with global emissions. As REDD＋ seeks to lower emissions by stopping deforestation and for- est degradation with an international payment tier according to baseline scenarios, opportunities for ecosystem benefits such as slowing habitat fragmentation, conservation of forest biodiversity, soil conservation may be also part of this effort. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate ecosystem-based benefits of REDD＋, and to identify the rela- tionships with carbon stock changes. To achieve this goal, high resolution satellite images are combined with Normal- ized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） to identify historical deforestation in study area of Central Kalimantan, In- donesia. The carbon emissions for the period of 2000-2005 and 2005-2009 are 2.73 ×10^5 t CO2 and 1.47× 10^6 t CO2 respectively, showing an increasing trend in recent years. Dring 2005-2009, number of patches （NP）, patch density （PD）, mean shape index distribution （SHAPE_MN） increased 30.8%, 30.7% and 7.6%. Meanwhile, largest patch index （LPI）, mean area （AREA MN）, area-weighted mean of shape index distribution （SHAPE_AM）, neighbor distance （ENN_MN） and interspersion and juxtaposition index （IJI） decreased by 55.3%, 29.7%, 15.8%, 53.4% and 21.5% re- spectively. The area regarding as positive correlation between carbon emissions and soil erosion was approximately 8.9 x l03 ha corresponding to 96.0% of the changing forest. These results support the view that there are strong syner- gies among carbon loss, forest fragmentation and soil erosion in tropical forests. Such mechanism of REDD＋ is likely to present opportunities for multiple benefits that fall outside the scope of carbon stocks.
基金TheHi TechResearchandDevelopmentProgramofChina (S 86 3)
文摘Environmental benefits of underground coal gasification are evaluated. The results showed that through underground coal gasification, gangue discharge is eliminated, sulfur emission is reduced, and the amount of ash, mercury, and tar discharge are decreased. Moreover, effect of underground gasification on underground water is analyzed and CO 2 disposal method is put forward.
