目的探讨基于健康行动过程取向(health action process approach,HAPA)理论模型的健康行为干预方案在心脏起搏器植入术后患者中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2023年7月—2024年2月北京某三级甲等综合医院心脏起搏器植入术后患者...目的探讨基于健康行动过程取向(health action process approach,HAPA)理论模型的健康行为干预方案在心脏起搏器植入术后患者中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2023年7月—2024年2月北京某三级甲等综合医院心脏起搏器植入术后患者154例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,两组分别为77例。对照组患者采用常规护理+肩关节功能锻炼指导手册和视频的干预方式,试验组患者采用常规护理+为期3个月的基于HAPA模型的健康行为干预方案。分别在干预前、干预3个月、出院后6个月应用康复运动依从性调查表、成年人健康自我管理能力测评量表对两组患者进行问卷调查,采用6min步行距离评价两组患者的心肺功能。结果干预3个月、6个月后试验组患者康复运动依从性、自我管理能力得分优于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);试验组患者出院后6个月6min步行距离(6-minute walking distance,6MWD)较对照组长,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用基于HAPA理论模型的健康行为干预方案可提高心脏起搏器植入术后患者运动依从性,改善自我管理能力和心肺功能。展开更多
Little comparative research has specifically used farmers’ understandings of agricultural weeds and herbicides usage as important indicators of their environmental decision making and behaviours. This paper proposes ...Little comparative research has specifically used farmers’ understandings of agricultural weeds and herbicides usage as important indicators of their environmental decision making and behaviours. This paper proposes that “organic’ farmers”, already attuned to environmental ideas, may be more likely to have favourable understandings and behaviours towards agricultural weeds as an integral part of environmentally sustainable agricultural farming systems than “conventional” farmers. Using a behavioural approach, the ways in which farmers’ (situated in central-southern England) understandings influence their environmental behaviours were examined. Most “conventional” farmers’ fields were kept relatively weed-free through herbicide usage. This contrasted with “organic” farmers having less concern about removal of weeds (with their associated invertebrates and seeds) which they understood contributes significantly towards biodiversity and agricultural sustainability. A remarkably high 92 per cent of “organic” farmers were critical of “conventional” farmers’ using herbicides and pesticides, asserting that lack of pesticide and herbicide usage as core reasons for their sustainability. This contrasted with most “conventional” respondents who claim they used as few chemicals as practicable to minimise environmental damage to soil and water, while maintaining adequate crop levels. Nevertheless, such environmental understandings and behaviours may not always be indicative of any differences that may be found between those farmers commonly classified as “organic” and “conventional” in the UK as a whole.展开更多
The layout optimization for the dishes installed on a rotating table is investigated. This is a packing problem with equilibrium behavioural constraints. To deal with its layout topo-models and initial layout, a mathe...The layout optimization for the dishes installed on a rotating table is investigated. This is a packing problem with equilibrium behavioural constraints. To deal with its layout topo-models and initial layout, a mathematical model and heuristic approaches, including the method of model-changing iteration (MCI) and the method of main objects topo-models (MOT), are proposed, with a series of intuitive algorithms embedded in, such as the technique for the search under the initial guess and the strategies for remission of "combinatorial explosion" . The validity and reliability of the proposed algorithms are verified by numerical examples and engineering applications, which could be used in satellite module, multiple spindle box, rotating structure and so on.展开更多
文摘Little comparative research has specifically used farmers’ understandings of agricultural weeds and herbicides usage as important indicators of their environmental decision making and behaviours. This paper proposes that “organic’ farmers”, already attuned to environmental ideas, may be more likely to have favourable understandings and behaviours towards agricultural weeds as an integral part of environmentally sustainable agricultural farming systems than “conventional” farmers. Using a behavioural approach, the ways in which farmers’ (situated in central-southern England) understandings influence their environmental behaviours were examined. Most “conventional” farmers’ fields were kept relatively weed-free through herbicide usage. This contrasted with “organic” farmers having less concern about removal of weeds (with their associated invertebrates and seeds) which they understood contributes significantly towards biodiversity and agricultural sustainability. A remarkably high 92 per cent of “organic” farmers were critical of “conventional” farmers’ using herbicides and pesticides, asserting that lack of pesticide and herbicide usage as core reasons for their sustainability. This contrasted with most “conventional” respondents who claim they used as few chemicals as practicable to minimise environmental damage to soil and water, while maintaining adequate crop levels. Nevertheless, such environmental understandings and behaviours may not always be indicative of any differences that may be found between those farmers commonly classified as “organic” and “conventional” in the UK as a whole.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The layout optimization for the dishes installed on a rotating table is investigated. This is a packing problem with equilibrium behavioural constraints. To deal with its layout topo-models and initial layout, a mathematical model and heuristic approaches, including the method of model-changing iteration (MCI) and the method of main objects topo-models (MOT), are proposed, with a series of intuitive algorithms embedded in, such as the technique for the search under the initial guess and the strategies for remission of "combinatorial explosion" . The validity and reliability of the proposed algorithms are verified by numerical examples and engineering applications, which could be used in satellite module, multiple spindle box, rotating structure and so on.
