Amidst a global decline in bus ridership,this study pioneers a longitudinal approach to understanding individual-level transitions and churning in urban bus systems.Utilizing a novel framework that leverages smart car...Amidst a global decline in bus ridership,this study pioneers a longitudinal approach to understanding individual-level transitions and churning in urban bus systems.Utilizing a novel framework that leverages smart card data,we construct and analyze user behavior transition matrices over time,employing Markov processes and the Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation.Our analysis,derived from a 22-month dataset from Shenzhen,reveals a two-stage churning process:users first decrease travel frequency before transitioning to irreg-ular travel patterns.Crucially,this study introduces targeted retention policies,including tiered usage incentives and personalized communication strategies,aimed at different stages of the user lifecycle.By offering free subsequent trips to irregular travelers and com-bining policy approaches for users at high risk of churning,we provide actionable insights for transit operators to counter the trend of declining ridership.展开更多
Introduction:Nutrition knowledge(NK)is a key modifiable factor influencing the dietary behavior and nutritional status of children.Currently,nationally representative data assessing NK among Chinese junior high school...Introduction:Nutrition knowledge(NK)is a key modifiable factor influencing the dietary behavior and nutritional status of children.Currently,nationally representative data assessing NK among Chinese junior high school students are unavailable.This study aimed to assess NK levels using recent,nationally representative data from China.Methods:A multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 28,629 junior high school students from 195 survey sites across 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in China.Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire developed using rigorous scientific procedures.NK awareness rates were described as weighted prevalence rates with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup comparisons were performed using the Rao–Scott chisquare test.Results:The overall NK awareness rate among Chinese junior high school students was 40.0%(95%CI:36.5%–43.5%).The rates for the five dimensions,dietary recommendations,nutrient content of foods,food and health,food choices,and food safety,were 20.1%,46.2%,65.3%,65.2%,and 65.2%,respectively.The analysis revealed significant variations in overall and dimension-specific awareness rates across groups.Boys,students from rural and western regions,and students from families with lower socioeconomic status had poorer NK levels than their counterparts.Among the 10 knowledge points with the lowest correct rates,seven belonged to dietary recommendations,two to food safety,and one to food and health.Conclusion:NK awareness rates among junior high school students require improvement,especially regarding dietary recommendations,which remain a key component of students’nutrition education.Boys,students from rural and western regions,and students from families with lower socioeconomic status should be the key populations for NK dissemination in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172305).
文摘Amidst a global decline in bus ridership,this study pioneers a longitudinal approach to understanding individual-level transitions and churning in urban bus systems.Utilizing a novel framework that leverages smart card data,we construct and analyze user behavior transition matrices over time,employing Markov processes and the Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation.Our analysis,derived from a 22-month dataset from Shenzhen,reveals a two-stage churning process:users first decrease travel frequency before transitioning to irreg-ular travel patterns.Crucially,this study introduces targeted retention policies,including tiered usage incentives and personalized communication strategies,aimed at different stages of the user lifecycle.By offering free subsequent trips to irregular travelers and com-bining policy approaches for users at high risk of churning,we provide actionable insights for transit operators to counter the trend of declining ridership.
基金Approved by the Medical Ethical Review Committee of the National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(No.2022-037).
文摘Introduction:Nutrition knowledge(NK)is a key modifiable factor influencing the dietary behavior and nutritional status of children.Currently,nationally representative data assessing NK among Chinese junior high school students are unavailable.This study aimed to assess NK levels using recent,nationally representative data from China.Methods:A multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 28,629 junior high school students from 195 survey sites across 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in China.Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire developed using rigorous scientific procedures.NK awareness rates were described as weighted prevalence rates with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup comparisons were performed using the Rao–Scott chisquare test.Results:The overall NK awareness rate among Chinese junior high school students was 40.0%(95%CI:36.5%–43.5%).The rates for the five dimensions,dietary recommendations,nutrient content of foods,food and health,food choices,and food safety,were 20.1%,46.2%,65.3%,65.2%,and 65.2%,respectively.The analysis revealed significant variations in overall and dimension-specific awareness rates across groups.Boys,students from rural and western regions,and students from families with lower socioeconomic status had poorer NK levels than their counterparts.Among the 10 knowledge points with the lowest correct rates,seven belonged to dietary recommendations,two to food safety,and one to food and health.Conclusion:NK awareness rates among junior high school students require improvement,especially regarding dietary recommendations,which remain a key component of students’nutrition education.Boys,students from rural and western regions,and students from families with lower socioeconomic status should be the key populations for NK dissemination in the future.
