Advanced traveler information systems （ATIS） can not only improve drivers＇ accessibility to the more accurate route travel time information, but also can improve drivers＇ adaptability to the stochastic network cap...Advanced traveler information systems （ATIS） can not only improve drivers＇ accessibility to the more accurate route travel time information, but also can improve drivers＇ adaptability to the stochastic network capacity degradations. In this paper, a mixed stochastic user equilibrium model was proposed to describe the interactive route choice behaviors between ATIS equipped and unequipped drivers on a degradable transport network. In the proposed model the information accessibility of equipped drivers was reflected by lower degree of uncertainty in their stochastic equilibrium flow distributions, and their behavioral adaptability was captured by multiple equilibrium behaviors over the stochastic network state set. The mixed equilibrium model was formulated as a fixed point problem defined in the mixed route flows, and its solution was achieved by executing an iterative algorithm. Numerical experiments were provided to verify the properties of the mixed network equilibrium model and the efficiency of the iterative algorithm.展开更多
Purpose–This paper aims to explore whether drivers would adapt their behavior when they drive among automated vehicles(AVs)compared to driving among manually driven vehicles(MVs).Understanding behavioral adaptation o...Purpose–This paper aims to explore whether drivers would adapt their behavior when they drive among automated vehicles(AVs)compared to driving among manually driven vehicles(MVs).Understanding behavioral adaptation of drivers when they encounter AVs is crucial for assessing impacts of AVs in mixed-traffic situations.Here,mixed-traffic situations refer to situations where AVs share the roads with existing nonautomated vehicles such as conventional MVs.Design/methodology/approach–A driving simulator study is designed to explore whether such behavioral adaptations exist.Two different driving scenarios were explored on a three-lane highway:driving on the main highway and merging from an on-ramp.For this study,18 research participants were recruited.Findings–Behavioral adaptation can be observed in terms of car-following speed,car-following time gap,number of lane change and overall driving speed.The adaptations are dependent on the driving scenario and whether the surrounding traffic was AVs or MVs.Although significant differences in behavior were found in more than 90%of the research participants,they adapted their behavior differently,and thus,magnitude of the behavioral adaptation remains unclear.Originality/value–The observed behavioral adaptations in this paper were dependent on the driving scenario rather than the time gap between surrounding vehicles.This finding differs from previous studies,which have shown that drivers tend to adapt their behaviors with respect to the surrounding vehicles.Furthermore,the surrounding vehicles in this study are more“free flow’”compared to previous studies with a fixed formation such as platoons.Nevertheless,long-term observations are required to further support this claim.展开更多
In this paper a cellular automaton model is proposed to describe driver behavior at a single-lane urban roundabout. Driver behavior has been considered as heterogeneous and inconsistent. Most traffic papers in the lit...In this paper a cellular automaton model is proposed to describe driver behavior at a single-lane urban roundabout. Driver behavior has been considered as heterogeneous and inconsistent. Most traffic papers in the literature just discussed heterogeneous driver behavior, to our best knowledge. Two truncated Caussian distributions are used to model heterogeneous and inconsistent driver behavior, respectively. The physical meanings of two truncated distributions are indicated. This method may help enhance a better understanding of driver behavior at roundabout traffic, and even possibly provide references for roundabout design and management.展开更多
This paper presents a driver behavior analysis using microscopic video data measures including vehicle speed, lane-changing ratio, and time to collision. An analytical framework was developed to evaluate the effect of...This paper presents a driver behavior analysis using microscopic video data measures including vehicle speed, lane-changing ratio, and time to collision. An analytical framework was developed to evaluate the effect of adverse winter weather conditions on highway driving behavior based on automated （computer） and manual methods. The research was conducted through two case studies. The first case study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of applying an au- tomated approach to extracting driver behavior data based on 15 video recordings obtained in the winter 2013 at three dif- ferent locations on the Don Valley Parkway in Toronto, Canada. A comparison was made between the automated approach and manual approach, and issues in collecting data using the automated approach under winter conditions were identified. The second case study was based on high quality data collected in the winter 2014, at a location on Highway 25 in Montreal, Canada. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the automated analytical framework in analyzing driver behavior, as well as evaluating the impact of adverse winter weather conditions on driver behavior. This approach could be applied to evaluate winter maintenance strategies and crash risk on highways during adverse winter weather conditions.展开更多
Traffic accidents are mainly caused by human error. In an aging society, the number of accidents attributed to elderly drivers is increasing. One noteworthy reason for this is operation misapplication. Studies have be...Traffic accidents are mainly caused by human error. In an aging society, the number of accidents attributed to elderly drivers is increasing. One noteworthy reason for this is operation misapplication. Studies have been conducted on the use of human</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">machine interfaces (HMIs) to inform the driver when he or she makes an error and encourage appropriate actions. However, the driver state during the erroneous action has not been investigated. The pur</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pose of this study is to clarify the difference in the driver’s state between</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> normal and surprising situations in a misapplication scenario, utilizing multimodal information such as biometric information and driver operation. We found significant changes in the interaction of components between the nor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mal and the surprised driving state. The results could provide basic know</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ledge for the future development of a driver assistance system and driver state estimation using data acquired from multiple sensors in the vehicle.展开更多
This study evaluates the Dynamic Message Signs (DMSs) use to dissipate incident information on the freeways in Las Vegas, Nevada. It focuses on the DMSs message timing, extent, and content, from the operators’ and dr...This study evaluates the Dynamic Message Signs (DMSs) use to dissipate incident information on the freeways in Las Vegas, Nevada. It focuses on the DMSs message timing, extent, and content, from the operators’ and drivers’ perspectives, considering the variability in drivers’ freeway experience. Two-week incidents data with fifty-nine incidents, DMS log data, and responses from a survey questionnaire were used. The descriptive analysis of the incidents revealed that about 54% of the incidents had their information posted on the DMSs;however, information of only 18.6% of the incidents was posted on time. The posted information covered the incident type (54.2%), location (49.2%), and lane blockage (45.8%), while the expected delay or the time the incident has lasted are rarely posted. Further, the standard DMSs are the most preferred sources of traffic information on the freeway compared to the travel time only DMSs, and the graphical map boards. The logistic regression applied to the survey responses revealed that regular freeway users are less likely to take an alternative route when they run into congestion, given no other </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">information is available. Conversely, when given accurate information</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through DMSs, regular freeway users are about 2.9 times more likely to detour. Furthermore, regular freeway users perceive that the DMSs show clear information about the incident location. Upon improving the DMSs usage, 73% of respondents suggested that the information be provided earlier, and 54% requested improvements on congestion duration and length information. These findings can be used by the DMSs operators in Nevada and worldwide to improve freeway operations.展开更多
To integrate driver experience and heterogeneous vehicle platform characteristics in a motion-planning algorithm,based on the driver-behavior-based transferable motion primitives(MPs), a general motion-planning framew...To integrate driver experience and heterogeneous vehicle platform characteristics in a motion-planning algorithm,based on the driver-behavior-based transferable motion primitives(MPs), a general motion-planning framework for offline generation and online selection of MPs is proposed. Optimal control theory is applied to solve the boundary value problems in the process of generating MPs, where the driver behaviors and the vehicle motion characteristics are integrated into the optimization in the form of constraints. Moreover, a layered, unequal-weighted MP selection framework is proposed that utilizes a combination of environmental constraints, nonholonomic vehicle constraints,trajectory smoothness, and collision risk as the single-step extension evaluation index. The library of MPs generated offline demonstrates that the proposed generation method realizes the effective expansion of MP types and achieves diverse generation of MPs with various velocity attributes and platform types. We also present how the MP selection algorithm utilizes a unique MP library to achieve online extension of MP sequences. The results show that the proposed motion-planning framework can not only improve the efficiency and rationality of the algorithm based on driving experience but can also transfer between heterogeneous vehicle platforms and highlight the unique motion characteristics of the platform.展开更多
This paper proposes a Delivery Service Management(DSM)system for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs)that own a delivery fleet of pickup trucks to manage Business-to-Business(B2B)delivery services.The proposed DSM syste...This paper proposes a Delivery Service Management(DSM)system for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs)that own a delivery fleet of pickup trucks to manage Business-to-Business(B2B)delivery services.The proposed DSM system integrates four systems:Delivery Location Positioning(DLP),Delivery Route Planning(DRP),Arrival Time Prediction(ATP),and Communication and Data Sharing(CDS)systems.These systems are used to pinpoint the delivery locations of customers,plan the delivery route of each truck,predict arrival time(with an interval)at each delivery location,and communicate and share information among stakeholders,respectively.The DSM system deploys Google applications,a GPS tracking system,Google Map APIs,ATP algorithms(embedded in Excel Macros),Line,and Telegram as supporting tools.To improve the accuracy of the ATP system,three tech-niques are applied considering driver behaviors.The proposed DSM system has been implemented in a Thai SME.From the process perspective,the DSM system is a systematic procedure for end-to-end delivery services.It allows the interactions between planner-driver decisions and supporting tools.The supporting tools are simple,can be easily used with little training,and require low capital expenditure.The statistical analysis shows that the ATP algorithm with the three techniques provides high accuracy.Thus,the proposed DSM system is beneficial for practitioners to manage delivery services,especially for SMEs in emerging countries.展开更多
This paper explores the movement of connected vehicles in Indiana for vehicles classified by the NHTSA Product Information Catalog Vehicle listing as being either electric (EV) or hybrid electric (HV). Analysis of tra...This paper explores the movement of connected vehicles in Indiana for vehicles classified by the NHTSA Product Information Catalog Vehicle listing as being either electric (EV) or hybrid electric (HV). Analysis of trajectories from July 12-18, 2021 for the state of Indiana observed nearly 33,300 trips and 267,000 vehicle miles travelled (VMT) for the combination of EV and HV. Approximately 53% of the VMT occurred in just 10 counties. For just EVs, there were 9814 unique trips and 64,700 Electric Vehicle Miles Traveled (EVMTs) in total. A further categorization of this revealed that 18% of these EVMTs were on Interstate roadways and 82% on non-interstate roads. <span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Proximity analysis of existing DC Fast charging stations in relation to interstate roadways revealed multiple charging deserts that would be most benefited by additional charging capacity. Eleven roadway sections among the 9 interstates were found to have a gap in available DC fast chargers of 50 miles or more. Although the connected vehicle data set analyzed did not include all EV’s the methodology presented in this paper provides a technique that can be scaled as additional EV connected vehicle data becomes available to agencies. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for transportation agencies and automotive vendors to strengthen their data sharing partnerships to help accelerate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">adoption of EV and reduce consumer range anxiety with EV. Graphics are included that illustrate examples of counties that are both overserved and underserved by charging infrastructure.</span>展开更多
It is difficult to model human behavior because of the variability in driving styles and driving skills. However, for some driver assistance systems, it is necessary to have knowledge of that behavior to discriminate ...It is difficult to model human behavior because of the variability in driving styles and driving skills. However, for some driver assistance systems, it is necessary to have knowledge of that behavior to discriminate potentially hazardous situations, such as distraction, fatigue or drowsiness. Many of the systems that look for driver distraction or drowsiness are based on intrusive means （analysis of the electroencephalogram--EEG） or highly sensitive to operating conditions and expensive equipment （eye movements analysis through artificial vision）. A solution that seeks to avoid the above drawbacks is the use of driving parameters This article presents the conclusions obtained after a set of driving simulator tests with professional drivers with two main objectives using driving variables such as speed profile, steering wheel angle, transversal position on the lane, safety distance, etc., that are available in a non-intrusive way： （1） To analyze the differences between the driving patterns of individual drivers; and （2） To analyze the effect of distraction and drowsiness on these parameters. Different scenarios have been designed, including sequences with distractions and situations that cause fatigue. The analysis of the results is carried out in time and frequency domains in order to identify situations of loss of attention and to study whether the evolution of the analyzed variables along the time could be considered independent of the driver.展开更多
Vehicular speeds are of particular interest in areas with a high number of pedestrians due to the fact that 14-percent of all fatal crashes involve pedestrians. This study investigated the effect of a radar speed disp...Vehicular speeds are of particular interest in areas with a high number of pedestrians due to the fact that 14-percent of all fatal crashes involve pedestrians. This study investigated the effect of a radar speed display sign placed for an extended period of time, at a location frequented by law enforcement on a road segment entering a university campus with a high number of pedestrians and vehicle speed violations. The statistical analysis included a comparison between AM peak, PM peak, and midday speeds collected one year apart. The data suggested that radar speed display signs can remain effective over a long period of time;causing drivers to decelerate when warned of a speeding violation. While other studies have examined long-term impacts of similar technologies, none have included a road entering a University campus. Thus, these findings support that other similar locations entering university campuses could see long-term benefits to stationary radar speed display signs.展开更多
Understanding the causes and solutions of road traffic accidents is important for developing road and action plans in a country. In Vietnam, awareness of traffic participants is the main cause of serious traffic accid...Understanding the causes and solutions of road traffic accidents is important for developing road and action plans in a country. In Vietnam, awareness of traffic participants is the main cause of serious traffic accidents. In recent years, the number of road traffic accidents in Tuyen Quang province with deaths has decreased, but the number of accidents has increased significantly. The article uses data on traffic accidents in Tuyen Quang over the (2016-2023) has been analytically reviewed. From there, analyze accident characteristics and causes of traffic accidents in Tuyen Quang province, and propose solutions to improve traffic safety in Tuyen Quang, Vietnam. The findings can be information for managers and researchers interested in studying the province of Tuyen Quang, Vietnam road traffic safety. Additionally, the findings have led the government to achieve national targets in reducing the number of accidents and serious injuries.展开更多
The traffic in developing countries presents its own specificity,notably due to the heterogeneous traffic and a weak-lane discipline.This leads to differences in driver behavior between these countries and developed c...The traffic in developing countries presents its own specificity,notably due to the heterogeneous traffic and a weak-lane discipline.This leads to differences in driver behavior between these countries and developed countries.Knowing that the analysis of the drivers from developed countries leads the design of the majority of driver models,it is not surprising that the simulations performed using these models do not match thefield data of the developing countries.This article presents a systematic review of the literature on modeling driving behaviors in the context of developing countries.The study focuses on the microsimulation approaches,and specifically on the multiagent paradigm,that are considered suitable for reproducing driving behaviors with accuracy.The major contributions from the recent literature are analyzed.Three major scientific challenges and related minor research directions are described.展开更多
Non-equilibrium hyperbolic traffic models can be derived as continuum approximations of car-following models and in many cases the resulting continuum models are non-conservative.This leads to numerical difficulties,w...Non-equilibrium hyperbolic traffic models can be derived as continuum approximations of car-following models and in many cases the resulting continuum models are non-conservative.This leads to numerical difficulties,which seem to have discouraged further development of complex behavioral continuum models,which is a significant research need.In this paper,we develop a robust numerical scheme that solves hyperbolic traffic flow models based on their non-conservative form.We develop a fifth-order alternative weighted essentially non-oscillatory(A-WENO)finite-difference scheme based on the path-conservative central-upwind(PCCU)method for several non-equilibrium traffic flow models.In order to treat the non-conservative product terms,we use a path-conservative technique.To this end,we first apply the recently proposed secondorder finite-volume PCCU scheme to the traffic flow models,and then extend this scheme to the fifth-order of accuracy via the finite-difference A-WENO framework.The designed schemes are applied to three different traffic flow models and tested on a number of challenging numerical examples.Both schemes produce quite accurate results though the resolution achieved by the fifth-order A-WENO scheme is higher.The proposed scheme in this paper sets the stage for developing more robust and complex continuum traffic flow models with respect to human psychological factors.展开更多
The drivers’yielding distance to pedestrians at midblock crosswalks affects pedestrians’perceived safety.This distance can be influenced by either crosswalk-related or noncrosswalk.In most cases,crosswalk-related fe...The drivers’yielding distance to pedestrians at midblock crosswalks affects pedestrians’perceived safety.This distance can be influenced by either crosswalk-related or noncrosswalk.In most cases,crosswalk-related features are readily available or easy to collect compared to non-crosswalk features.However,the extent to which crosswalk-related features affect the spatial yielding compliance is not clear.This study evaluated the role of combined crosswalk-related features on drivers’spatial yielding compliance at signalized midblock crosswalks.The study used observational survey data collected from fifteen flash-based signalized midblock crosswalks located in Las Vegas,Nevada.Three logistic regression models,with crosswalk-related features only,non-crosswalk features only,and combined features,were developed and compared.It was revealed that the performance difference between the model with crosswalk-related features only and combined features was insignificant.This study found that the presence of state’s law signs,“PED XING”signs,and placement of rectangular rapid flashing beacons(RRFBs)on the advanced pedestrians crossing signs(APCSs),are significant factors for high spatial yielding compliance.On the contrary,the yield line’s presence at a distance greater than 40 ft from the crosswalk,presence of one stage crossing,and high Annual Average Daily Traffic(AADT)negatively affects the spatial yielding compliance.Moreover,the findings suggest that researchers should be careful about excluding the non-crosswalk features from the analysis.To improve spatial yielding compliance,several recommendations that the city planners and engineers can adopt are provided.展开更多
The present study examined the impact of aging on ethical decision-making in simulated critical driving scenarios.204 participants from North America,grouped into two age groups(18–30 years and 65 years and above),we...The present study examined the impact of aging on ethical decision-making in simulated critical driving scenarios.204 participants from North America,grouped into two age groups(18–30 years and 65 years and above),were asked to decide whether their simulated automated vehicle should stay in or change from the current lane in scenarios mimicking the Trolley Problem.Each participant viewed a video clip rendered by the driving simulator at Old Dominion University and pressed the space-bar if they decided to intervene in the control of the simulated automated vehicle in an online experiment.Bayesian hierarchical models were used to analyze participants’responses,response time,and acceptability of utilitarian ethical decision-making.The results showed significant pedestrian placement,age,and time-to-collision(TTC)effects on participants’ethical decisions.When pedestrians were in the right lane,participants were more likely to switch lanes,indicating a utilitarian approach prioritizing pedestrian safety.Younger participants were more likely to switch lanes in general compared to older participants.The results imply that older drivers can maintain their ability to respond to ethically fraught scenarios with their tendency to switch lanes more frequently than younger counterparts,even when the tasks interacting with an automated driving system.The current findings may inform the development of decision algorithms for intelligent and connected vehicles by considering potential ethical dilemmas faced by human drivers across different age groups.展开更多
Purpose–Analysis of characteristic driving operations can help develop supports for drivers with different driving skills.However,the existing knowledge on analysis of driving skills only focuses on single driving op...Purpose–Analysis of characteristic driving operations can help develop supports for drivers with different driving skills.However,the existing knowledge on analysis of driving skills only focuses on single driving operation and cannot reflect the differences on proficiency of coordination of driving operations.Thus,the purpose of this paper is to analyze driving skills from driving coordinating operations.There are two main contributions:the first involves a method for feature extraction based on AdaBoost,which selects features critical for coordinating operations of experienced drivers and inexperienced drivers,and the second involves a generating method for candidate features,called the combined features method,through which two or more different driving operations at the same location are combined into a candidate combined feature.A series of experiments based on driving simulator and specific course with several different curves were carried out,and the result indicated the feasibility of analyzing driving behavior through AdaBoost and the combined features method.Design/methodology/approach–AdaBoost was used to extract features and the combined features method was used to combine two or more different driving operations at the same location.Findings–A series of experiments based on driving simulator and specific course with several different curves were carried out,and the result indicated the feasibility of analyzing driving behavior through AdaBoost and the combined features method.Originality/value–There are two main contributions:the first involves a method for feature extraction based on AdaBoost,which selects features critical for coordinating operations of experienced drivers and inexperienced drivers,and the second involves a generating method for candidate features,called the combined features method,through which two or more different driving operations at the same location are combined into a candidate combined feature.展开更多
Speeding is one of the most common aberrant driving behaviors among the driving population.Although research on speeding behavior among drivers has increased over the decades,little is known about the motivating facto...Speeding is one of the most common aberrant driving behaviors among the driving population.Although research on speeding behavior among drivers has increased over the decades,little is known about the motivating factors associated with speeding behavior among long-haul truck drivers(LHTDs),especially in developing nations like India.This study aims to develop a prediction model for speeding behavior and to identify the contributory factors and their influential patterns underlying speeding behavior among LHTDs in India.A cross-sectional study was conducted among LHTDs in Salem City,Tamil Nadu,India.The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire encompassing socio-demographic,work,vehicle,health-related lifestyle,and speeding-related characteristics.A total of 756 valid samples were collected and utilized for analysis purposes.While conventional statistical methods like binary logit technique lacked prediction capabilities,machine learning(ML)algorithms including decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),adaptive boosting(AdaBoost),and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)were employed to model speeding behavior among LHTDs.The analysis results showed that RF demonstrated superior performance in predicting speeding behavior over other competing algorithms with accuracy(0.80),F1 score(0.77),and AUROC(0.81).From the befitting RF model,the importance of factors contributing to speeding behavior among LHTDs was determined through the variable importance plot.Pressured delivery of goods,sleeping duration per day,age of truck,size of truck,monthly income,driving experience,driving duration per day,and age of the driver were identified as the eight topmost critical factors contributing to speeding behavior among LHTDs.Based on the developed RF model,the hidden relationships behind identified critical factors in relation to the speeding behavior were investigated using partial dependence plots(PDPs).The outcomes of this research will be useful for road safety authorities and Indian trucking industries to frame suitable policies and to introduce effective strategies for mitigating speeding behavior among LHTDs to promote road safety.展开更多
In order to achieve the lateral control of the intelligent vehicle, use the bi-cognitive model based on cloud model and cloud reasoning, solve the decision problem of the qualitative and quantitative of the lateral co...In order to achieve the lateral control of the intelligent vehicle, use the bi-cognitive model based on cloud model and cloud reasoning, solve the decision problem of the qualitative and quantitative of the lateral control of the intelligent vehicle. Obtaining a number of experiment data by driving a vehicle, classify the data according to the concept of data and fix the input and output variables of the cloud controller, design the control rules of the cloud controller of intelligent vehicle, and clouded and fix the parameter of cloud controller： expectation, entropy and hyper entropy. In order to verify the effectiveness of the cloud controller, joint simulation platform based on Matlab/Simulink/CarSim is established. Experimental analysis shows that： driver＇s lateral controller based on cloud model is able to achieve tracking of the desired angle, and achieve good control effect, it also verifies that a series of mental activities such as feeling, cognition, calculation, decision and so on are fuzzy and uncertain.展开更多
The yellow light dilemma zone is widely known as an area on the high-speed intersection ap- proach, where vehicles neither safely stop before the stop line nor proceed through the intersection dur- ing amber interval....The yellow light dilemma zone is widely known as an area on the high-speed intersection ap- proach, where vehicles neither safely stop before the stop line nor proceed through the intersection dur- ing amber interval. Within such an area, a vehicle might be involved in a right-angle crash or rear-end collision. This issue has been extensively discussed over five decades in traffic engineering field, cov- eting from theory to practice. However, few comprehensive review literatures on the amber signal di- lemma zone problems can be found. The objective of this paper is to summarize the evolution of yellow light dilemma zone researches. Basic definition and boundary of dilemma zone followed by driver be- havior and dilemma zone hazard measurement are depicted. At last, the future directions of yellow light dilemma zone research are discussed.展开更多
基金Projects(51378119,51578150)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Advanced traveler information systems （ATIS） can not only improve drivers＇ accessibility to the more accurate route travel time information, but also can improve drivers＇ adaptability to the stochastic network capacity degradations. In this paper, a mixed stochastic user equilibrium model was proposed to describe the interactive route choice behaviors between ATIS equipped and unequipped drivers on a degradable transport network. In the proposed model the information accessibility of equipped drivers was reflected by lower degree of uncertainty in their stochastic equilibrium flow distributions, and their behavioral adaptability was captured by multiple equilibrium behaviors over the stochastic network state set. The mixed equilibrium model was formulated as a fixed point problem defined in the mixed route flows, and its solution was achieved by executing an iterative algorithm. Numerical experiments were provided to verify the properties of the mixed network equilibrium model and the efficiency of the iterative algorithm.
基金the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems(Vinnovagrant no.2018-02891).
文摘Purpose–This paper aims to explore whether drivers would adapt their behavior when they drive among automated vehicles(AVs)compared to driving among manually driven vehicles(MVs).Understanding behavioral adaptation of drivers when they encounter AVs is crucial for assessing impacts of AVs in mixed-traffic situations.Here,mixed-traffic situations refer to situations where AVs share the roads with existing nonautomated vehicles such as conventional MVs.Design/methodology/approach–A driving simulator study is designed to explore whether such behavioral adaptations exist.Two different driving scenarios were explored on a three-lane highway:driving on the main highway and merging from an on-ramp.For this study,18 research participants were recruited.Findings–Behavioral adaptation can be observed in terms of car-following speed,car-following time gap,number of lane change and overall driving speed.The adaptations are dependent on the driving scenario and whether the surrounding traffic was AVs or MVs.Although significant differences in behavior were found in more than 90%of the research participants,they adapted their behavior differently,and thus,magnitude of the behavioral adaptation remains unclear.Originality/value–The observed behavioral adaptations in this paper were dependent on the driving scenario rather than the time gap between surrounding vehicles.This finding differs from previous studies,which have shown that drivers tend to adapt their behaviors with respect to the surrounding vehicles.Furthermore,the surrounding vehicles in this study are more“free flow’”compared to previous studies with a fixed formation such as platoons.Nevertheless,long-term observations are required to further support this claim.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Plan of Sichuan Province under Grant No.2012GZX0088Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection under Grant No.2011Z006Talent Program of Chengdu University of Technology under Grant No.HG0092
文摘In this paper a cellular automaton model is proposed to describe driver behavior at a single-lane urban roundabout. Driver behavior has been considered as heterogeneous and inconsistent. Most traffic papers in the literature just discussed heterogeneous driver behavior, to our best knowledge. Two truncated Caussian distributions are used to model heterogeneous and inconsistent driver behavior, respectively. The physical meanings of two truncated distributions are indicated. This method may help enhance a better understanding of driver behavior at roundabout traffic, and even possibly provide references for roundabout design and management.
文摘This paper presents a driver behavior analysis using microscopic video data measures including vehicle speed, lane-changing ratio, and time to collision. An analytical framework was developed to evaluate the effect of adverse winter weather conditions on highway driving behavior based on automated （computer） and manual methods. The research was conducted through two case studies. The first case study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of applying an au- tomated approach to extracting driver behavior data based on 15 video recordings obtained in the winter 2013 at three dif- ferent locations on the Don Valley Parkway in Toronto, Canada. A comparison was made between the automated approach and manual approach, and issues in collecting data using the automated approach under winter conditions were identified. The second case study was based on high quality data collected in the winter 2014, at a location on Highway 25 in Montreal, Canada. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the automated analytical framework in analyzing driver behavior, as well as evaluating the impact of adverse winter weather conditions on driver behavior. This approach could be applied to evaluate winter maintenance strategies and crash risk on highways during adverse winter weather conditions.
文摘Traffic accidents are mainly caused by human error. In an aging society, the number of accidents attributed to elderly drivers is increasing. One noteworthy reason for this is operation misapplication. Studies have been conducted on the use of human</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">machine interfaces (HMIs) to inform the driver when he or she makes an error and encourage appropriate actions. However, the driver state during the erroneous action has not been investigated. The pur</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pose of this study is to clarify the difference in the driver’s state between</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> normal and surprising situations in a misapplication scenario, utilizing multimodal information such as biometric information and driver operation. We found significant changes in the interaction of components between the nor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mal and the surprised driving state. The results could provide basic know</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ledge for the future development of a driver assistance system and driver state estimation using data acquired from multiple sensors in the vehicle.
文摘This study evaluates the Dynamic Message Signs (DMSs) use to dissipate incident information on the freeways in Las Vegas, Nevada. It focuses on the DMSs message timing, extent, and content, from the operators’ and drivers’ perspectives, considering the variability in drivers’ freeway experience. Two-week incidents data with fifty-nine incidents, DMS log data, and responses from a survey questionnaire were used. The descriptive analysis of the incidents revealed that about 54% of the incidents had their information posted on the DMSs;however, information of only 18.6% of the incidents was posted on time. The posted information covered the incident type (54.2%), location (49.2%), and lane blockage (45.8%), while the expected delay or the time the incident has lasted are rarely posted. Further, the standard DMSs are the most preferred sources of traffic information on the freeway compared to the travel time only DMSs, and the graphical map boards. The logistic regression applied to the survey responses revealed that regular freeway users are less likely to take an alternative route when they run into congestion, given no other </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">information is available. Conversely, when given accurate information</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through DMSs, regular freeway users are about 2.9 times more likely to detour. Furthermore, regular freeway users perceive that the DMSs show clear information about the incident location. Upon improving the DMSs usage, 73% of respondents suggested that the information be provided earlier, and 54% requested improvements on congestion duration and length information. These findings can be used by the DMSs operators in Nevada and worldwide to improve freeway operations.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91420203 and 61703041)。
文摘To integrate driver experience and heterogeneous vehicle platform characteristics in a motion-planning algorithm,based on the driver-behavior-based transferable motion primitives(MPs), a general motion-planning framework for offline generation and online selection of MPs is proposed. Optimal control theory is applied to solve the boundary value problems in the process of generating MPs, where the driver behaviors and the vehicle motion characteristics are integrated into the optimization in the form of constraints. Moreover, a layered, unequal-weighted MP selection framework is proposed that utilizes a combination of environmental constraints, nonholonomic vehicle constraints,trajectory smoothness, and collision risk as the single-step extension evaluation index. The library of MPs generated offline demonstrates that the proposed generation method realizes the effective expansion of MP types and achieves diverse generation of MPs with various velocity attributes and platform types. We also present how the MP selection algorithm utilizes a unique MP library to achieve online extension of MP sequences. The results show that the proposed motion-planning framework can not only improve the efficiency and rationality of the algorithm based on driving experience but can also transfer between heterogeneous vehicle platforms and highlight the unique motion characteristics of the platform.
文摘This paper proposes a Delivery Service Management(DSM)system for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs)that own a delivery fleet of pickup trucks to manage Business-to-Business(B2B)delivery services.The proposed DSM system integrates four systems:Delivery Location Positioning(DLP),Delivery Route Planning(DRP),Arrival Time Prediction(ATP),and Communication and Data Sharing(CDS)systems.These systems are used to pinpoint the delivery locations of customers,plan the delivery route of each truck,predict arrival time(with an interval)at each delivery location,and communicate and share information among stakeholders,respectively.The DSM system deploys Google applications,a GPS tracking system,Google Map APIs,ATP algorithms(embedded in Excel Macros),Line,and Telegram as supporting tools.To improve the accuracy of the ATP system,three tech-niques are applied considering driver behaviors.The proposed DSM system has been implemented in a Thai SME.From the process perspective,the DSM system is a systematic procedure for end-to-end delivery services.It allows the interactions between planner-driver decisions and supporting tools.The supporting tools are simple,can be easily used with little training,and require low capital expenditure.The statistical analysis shows that the ATP algorithm with the three techniques provides high accuracy.Thus,the proposed DSM system is beneficial for practitioners to manage delivery services,especially for SMEs in emerging countries.
文摘This paper explores the movement of connected vehicles in Indiana for vehicles classified by the NHTSA Product Information Catalog Vehicle listing as being either electric (EV) or hybrid electric (HV). Analysis of trajectories from July 12-18, 2021 for the state of Indiana observed nearly 33,300 trips and 267,000 vehicle miles travelled (VMT) for the combination of EV and HV. Approximately 53% of the VMT occurred in just 10 counties. For just EVs, there were 9814 unique trips and 64,700 Electric Vehicle Miles Traveled (EVMTs) in total. A further categorization of this revealed that 18% of these EVMTs were on Interstate roadways and 82% on non-interstate roads. <span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Proximity analysis of existing DC Fast charging stations in relation to interstate roadways revealed multiple charging deserts that would be most benefited by additional charging capacity. Eleven roadway sections among the 9 interstates were found to have a gap in available DC fast chargers of 50 miles or more. Although the connected vehicle data set analyzed did not include all EV’s the methodology presented in this paper provides a technique that can be scaled as additional EV connected vehicle data becomes available to agencies. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for transportation agencies and automotive vendors to strengthen their data sharing partnerships to help accelerate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">adoption of EV and reduce consumer range anxiety with EV. Graphics are included that illustrate examples of counties that are both overserved and underserved by charging infrastructure.</span>
文摘It is difficult to model human behavior because of the variability in driving styles and driving skills. However, for some driver assistance systems, it is necessary to have knowledge of that behavior to discriminate potentially hazardous situations, such as distraction, fatigue or drowsiness. Many of the systems that look for driver distraction or drowsiness are based on intrusive means （analysis of the electroencephalogram--EEG） or highly sensitive to operating conditions and expensive equipment （eye movements analysis through artificial vision）. A solution that seeks to avoid the above drawbacks is the use of driving parameters This article presents the conclusions obtained after a set of driving simulator tests with professional drivers with two main objectives using driving variables such as speed profile, steering wheel angle, transversal position on the lane, safety distance, etc., that are available in a non-intrusive way： （1） To analyze the differences between the driving patterns of individual drivers; and （2） To analyze the effect of distraction and drowsiness on these parameters. Different scenarios have been designed, including sequences with distractions and situations that cause fatigue. The analysis of the results is carried out in time and frequency domains in order to identify situations of loss of attention and to study whether the evolution of the analyzed variables along the time could be considered independent of the driver.
文摘Vehicular speeds are of particular interest in areas with a high number of pedestrians due to the fact that 14-percent of all fatal crashes involve pedestrians. This study investigated the effect of a radar speed display sign placed for an extended period of time, at a location frequented by law enforcement on a road segment entering a university campus with a high number of pedestrians and vehicle speed violations. The statistical analysis included a comparison between AM peak, PM peak, and midday speeds collected one year apart. The data suggested that radar speed display signs can remain effective over a long period of time;causing drivers to decelerate when warned of a speeding violation. While other studies have examined long-term impacts of similar technologies, none have included a road entering a University campus. Thus, these findings support that other similar locations entering university campuses could see long-term benefits to stationary radar speed display signs.
文摘Understanding the causes and solutions of road traffic accidents is important for developing road and action plans in a country. In Vietnam, awareness of traffic participants is the main cause of serious traffic accidents. In recent years, the number of road traffic accidents in Tuyen Quang province with deaths has decreased, but the number of accidents has increased significantly. The article uses data on traffic accidents in Tuyen Quang over the (2016-2023) has been analytically reviewed. From there, analyze accident characteristics and causes of traffic accidents in Tuyen Quang province, and propose solutions to improve traffic safety in Tuyen Quang, Vietnam. The findings can be information for managers and researchers interested in studying the province of Tuyen Quang, Vietnam road traffic safety. Additionally, the findings have led the government to achieve national targets in reducing the number of accidents and serious injuries.
基金supported by the ERAMUS+Higher Education Learning under Grant No.1953215 of Hasselt University Belgium.Alexandre Lombard is supported by the National Inter-UT Project SMART-E2AU 2018-2022 of the“Universitéde Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard”,France.Stéphane GallandThomas Martinet are supported by the EU project H2020 REDREAM,under Grant No.957837.
文摘The traffic in developing countries presents its own specificity,notably due to the heterogeneous traffic and a weak-lane discipline.This leads to differences in driver behavior between these countries and developed countries.Knowing that the analysis of the drivers from developed countries leads the design of the majority of driver models,it is not surprising that the simulations performed using these models do not match thefield data of the developing countries.This article presents a systematic review of the literature on modeling driving behaviors in the context of developing countries.The study focuses on the microsimulation approaches,and specifically on the multiagent paradigm,that are considered suitable for reproducing driving behaviors with accuracy.The major contributions from the recent literature are analyzed.Three major scientific challenges and related minor research directions are described.
基金NSFC grants 12171226 and 12111530004the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design(No.2019B030301001).
文摘Non-equilibrium hyperbolic traffic models can be derived as continuum approximations of car-following models and in many cases the resulting continuum models are non-conservative.This leads to numerical difficulties,which seem to have discouraged further development of complex behavioral continuum models,which is a significant research need.In this paper,we develop a robust numerical scheme that solves hyperbolic traffic flow models based on their non-conservative form.We develop a fifth-order alternative weighted essentially non-oscillatory(A-WENO)finite-difference scheme based on the path-conservative central-upwind(PCCU)method for several non-equilibrium traffic flow models.In order to treat the non-conservative product terms,we use a path-conservative technique.To this end,we first apply the recently proposed secondorder finite-volume PCCU scheme to the traffic flow models,and then extend this scheme to the fifth-order of accuracy via the finite-difference A-WENO framework.The designed schemes are applied to three different traffic flow models and tested on a number of challenging numerical examples.Both schemes produce quite accurate results though the resolution achieved by the fifth-order A-WENO scheme is higher.The proposed scheme in this paper sets the stage for developing more robust and complex continuum traffic flow models with respect to human psychological factors.
基金the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction at the University of Nevada,Las Vegas,for the financial and material support
文摘The drivers’yielding distance to pedestrians at midblock crosswalks affects pedestrians’perceived safety.This distance can be influenced by either crosswalk-related or noncrosswalk.In most cases,crosswalk-related features are readily available or easy to collect compared to non-crosswalk features.However,the extent to which crosswalk-related features affect the spatial yielding compliance is not clear.This study evaluated the role of combined crosswalk-related features on drivers’spatial yielding compliance at signalized midblock crosswalks.The study used observational survey data collected from fifteen flash-based signalized midblock crosswalks located in Las Vegas,Nevada.Three logistic regression models,with crosswalk-related features only,non-crosswalk features only,and combined features,were developed and compared.It was revealed that the performance difference between the model with crosswalk-related features only and combined features was insignificant.This study found that the presence of state’s law signs,“PED XING”signs,and placement of rectangular rapid flashing beacons(RRFBs)on the advanced pedestrians crossing signs(APCSs),are significant factors for high spatial yielding compliance.On the contrary,the yield line’s presence at a distance greater than 40 ft from the crosswalk,presence of one stage crossing,and high Annual Average Daily Traffic(AADT)negatively affects the spatial yielding compliance.Moreover,the findings suggest that researchers should be careful about excluding the non-crosswalk features from the analysis.To improve spatial yielding compliance,several recommendations that the city planners and engineers can adopt are provided.
基金funded by a Discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(RGPIN 2019-05304)to Siby Samuel.
文摘The present study examined the impact of aging on ethical decision-making in simulated critical driving scenarios.204 participants from North America,grouped into two age groups(18–30 years and 65 years and above),were asked to decide whether their simulated automated vehicle should stay in or change from the current lane in scenarios mimicking the Trolley Problem.Each participant viewed a video clip rendered by the driving simulator at Old Dominion University and pressed the space-bar if they decided to intervene in the control of the simulated automated vehicle in an online experiment.Bayesian hierarchical models were used to analyze participants’responses,response time,and acceptability of utilitarian ethical decision-making.The results showed significant pedestrian placement,age,and time-to-collision(TTC)effects on participants’ethical decisions.When pedestrians were in the right lane,participants were more likely to switch lanes,indicating a utilitarian approach prioritizing pedestrian safety.Younger participants were more likely to switch lanes in general compared to older participants.The results imply that older drivers can maintain their ability to respond to ethically fraught scenarios with their tendency to switch lanes more frequently than younger counterparts,even when the tasks interacting with an automated driving system.The current findings may inform the development of decision algorithms for intelligent and connected vehicles by considering potential ethical dilemmas faced by human drivers across different age groups.
基金This work is also supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds YJ 201621 for the Central Universities”at Sichuan University and“the National Natural Science Foundation of China U1664263.”。
文摘Purpose–Analysis of characteristic driving operations can help develop supports for drivers with different driving skills.However,the existing knowledge on analysis of driving skills only focuses on single driving operation and cannot reflect the differences on proficiency of coordination of driving operations.Thus,the purpose of this paper is to analyze driving skills from driving coordinating operations.There are two main contributions:the first involves a method for feature extraction based on AdaBoost,which selects features critical for coordinating operations of experienced drivers and inexperienced drivers,and the second involves a generating method for candidate features,called the combined features method,through which two or more different driving operations at the same location are combined into a candidate combined feature.A series of experiments based on driving simulator and specific course with several different curves were carried out,and the result indicated the feasibility of analyzing driving behavior through AdaBoost and the combined features method.Design/methodology/approach–AdaBoost was used to extract features and the combined features method was used to combine two or more different driving operations at the same location.Findings–A series of experiments based on driving simulator and specific course with several different curves were carried out,and the result indicated the feasibility of analyzing driving behavior through AdaBoost and the combined features method.Originality/value–There are two main contributions:the first involves a method for feature extraction based on AdaBoost,which selects features critical for coordinating operations of experienced drivers and inexperienced drivers,and the second involves a generating method for candidate features,called the combined features method,through which two or more different driving operations at the same location are combined into a candidate combined feature.
文摘Speeding is one of the most common aberrant driving behaviors among the driving population.Although research on speeding behavior among drivers has increased over the decades,little is known about the motivating factors associated with speeding behavior among long-haul truck drivers(LHTDs),especially in developing nations like India.This study aims to develop a prediction model for speeding behavior and to identify the contributory factors and their influential patterns underlying speeding behavior among LHTDs in India.A cross-sectional study was conducted among LHTDs in Salem City,Tamil Nadu,India.The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire encompassing socio-demographic,work,vehicle,health-related lifestyle,and speeding-related characteristics.A total of 756 valid samples were collected and utilized for analysis purposes.While conventional statistical methods like binary logit technique lacked prediction capabilities,machine learning(ML)algorithms including decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),adaptive boosting(AdaBoost),and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)were employed to model speeding behavior among LHTDs.The analysis results showed that RF demonstrated superior performance in predicting speeding behavior over other competing algorithms with accuracy(0.80),F1 score(0.77),and AUROC(0.81).From the befitting RF model,the importance of factors contributing to speeding behavior among LHTDs was determined through the variable importance plot.Pressured delivery of goods,sleeping duration per day,age of truck,size of truck,monthly income,driving experience,driving duration per day,and age of the driver were identified as the eight topmost critical factors contributing to speeding behavior among LHTDs.Based on the developed RF model,the hidden relationships behind identified critical factors in relation to the speeding behavior were investigated using partial dependence plots(PDPs).The outcomes of this research will be useful for road safety authorities and Indian trucking industries to frame suitable policies and to introduce effective strategies for mitigating speeding behavior among LHTDs to promote road safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61035004,61273213,61300006,61305055,90920305,61203366,91420202,61571045,61372148)the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2015AA015401)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China (2016YFB0100906,2016YFB100903)the Junior Fellowships for Advanced Innovation Think-Tank Program of China Association for Science and Technology (DXB-ZKQN-2017-035)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Special Major (D171100005017002)
文摘In order to achieve the lateral control of the intelligent vehicle, use the bi-cognitive model based on cloud model and cloud reasoning, solve the decision problem of the qualitative and quantitative of the lateral control of the intelligent vehicle. Obtaining a number of experiment data by driving a vehicle, classify the data according to the concept of data and fix the input and output variables of the cloud controller, design the control rules of the cloud controller of intelligent vehicle, and clouded and fix the parameter of cloud controller： expectation, entropy and hyper entropy. In order to verify the effectiveness of the cloud controller, joint simulation platform based on Matlab/Simulink/CarSim is established. Experimental analysis shows that： driver＇s lateral controller based on cloud model is able to achieve tracking of the desired angle, and achieve good control effect, it also verifies that a series of mental activities such as feeling, cognition, calculation, decision and so on are fuzzy and uncertain.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No . 51208238 )the Science & Technology Plan Program of Yunnan Province , China ( No . 2013CA025 )
文摘The yellow light dilemma zone is widely known as an area on the high-speed intersection ap- proach, where vehicles neither safely stop before the stop line nor proceed through the intersection dur- ing amber interval. Within such an area, a vehicle might be involved in a right-angle crash or rear-end collision. This issue has been extensively discussed over five decades in traffic engineering field, cov- eting from theory to practice. However, few comprehensive review literatures on the amber signal di- lemma zone problems can be found. The objective of this paper is to summarize the evolution of yellow light dilemma zone researches. Basic definition and boundary of dilemma zone followed by driver be- havior and dilemma zone hazard measurement are depicted. At last, the future directions of yellow light dilemma zone research are discussed.
