Miniaturized two-photon microscopes(m2PMs)enable high-resolution,deep-brain imaging in freely behaving animals.However,the trade-offs among weight,form factor,and optical performance in conventional refractive objecti...Miniaturized two-photon microscopes(m2PMs)enable high-resolution,deep-brain imaging in freely behaving animals.However,the trade-offs among weight,form factor,and optical performance in conventional refractive objectives present major obstacles to achieving large field-of-view(FOV),high-resolution imaging in weightsensitive or multiregion applications.Metalenses offer ultralight,high-NA,aberration-corrected alternatives,but face persistent challenges,including restricted FOV,off-axis aberrations,and dual-band optimization for two-photon imaging.Here,we present Meta-m2PM 2.0,a 1.06 g headpiece featuring a compound metalens architecture with a two-stage imaging design that decouples scanning and focusing.We designed and fabricated a large-angle(±12°)metalens-based scan lens and a high-NA(0.48)dual-layer metalens-based objective,both derived from our established polarization-insensitive Si_(3)N_(4)meta-atom library co-optimized for focusing and transmission at 920 nm excitation and 500–560 nm fluorescence collection.Meta-m2PM 2.0 achieves a 350×330μm^(2)FOV(>50×that of Meta-m2PM 1.0),with 1.17μm lateral and 19.85μm axial resolution at the center,while maintaining>80%lateral resolution uniformity across the FOV,and extending imaging depth to 210μm(~3×deeper).We demonstrate dendritic imaging in head-fixed awake mice and,to our knowledge,the first metalens-based two-photon calcium imaging in freely behaving mice with a high signal-to-noise ratio,paving the way for ultralight multiregion neuroimaging and compact nonlinear microendoscopy.展开更多
当代英语中表示“请”含义的最常用的有三个词,即 please,kindly 和 just。这几个词看似简单,但在实际使用中比我们想象的要复杂得多。现辨析如下:一、please 请:烦请该词在句中的位置比较灵活,既可以出现在句首,也可以出现在句中和句...当代英语中表示“请”含义的最常用的有三个词,即 please,kindly 和 just。这几个词看似简单,但在实际使用中比我们想象的要复杂得多。现辨析如下:一、please 请:烦请该词在句中的位置比较灵活,既可以出现在句首,也可以出现在句中和句末。如:(1)Please give me that book.请把那本书给我。(2)Give me that book,please.请把那本书给我。(3)Will you please give me that book?请把那本书给我,好吗?(4)Will you give me that book,please?展开更多
反身代词(reflexive pronoun)在英语中只有9个,其单数形式为:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,oneself;其复数形式为:ourselves,yourselves,themselves。这些词的用法值得认真掌握,不可忽视。本文详细谈谈反身代词在句中的作用...反身代词(reflexive pronoun)在英语中只有9个,其单数形式为:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,oneself;其复数形式为:ourselves,yourselves,themselves。这些词的用法值得认真掌握,不可忽视。本文详细谈谈反身代词在句中的作用。一、反射作用在句中作宾语或表语,表示动作返回到动作执行者本身。1.作动词的宾语(1)Please help yourself to some fish.请随便吃点鱼吧。展开更多
In the system of Computer Network Collaborative Defense(CNCD),it is difficult to evaluate the trustworthiness of defense agents which are newly added to the system,since they lack historical interaction for trust eval...In the system of Computer Network Collaborative Defense(CNCD),it is difficult to evaluate the trustworthiness of defense agents which are newly added to the system,since they lack historical interaction for trust evaluation.This will lead that the newly added agents could not get reasonable initial trustworthiness,and affect the whole process of trust evaluation.To solve this problem in CNCD,a trust type based trust bootstrapping model was introduced in this research.First,the division of trust type,trust utility and defense cost were discussed.Then the constraints of defense tasks were analyzed based on game theory.According to the constraints obtained,the trust type of defense agents was identified and the initial trustworthiness was assigned to defense agents.The simulated experiment shows that the methods proposed have lower failure rate of defense tasks and better adaptability in the respect of defense task execution.展开更多
TiO2 nanoparticles with surface hydroxyl groups are treated by trimethoxysilane (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)6-9CH3 and a inorganic core/organic shell hybridmaterials, which shows itself a yellow viscous fluid, is obtaine...TiO2 nanoparticles with surface hydroxyl groups are treated by trimethoxysilane (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)6-9CH3 and a inorganic core/organic shell hybridmaterials, which shows itself a yellow viscous fluid, is obtained. We call it solvent-free TiO2 nanofliuds. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and rheometer are adopted to characterize the product. As a result, the content of TiO2 nanoparticles in the nanofliuds is about 5.5wt%, the functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles possess better dispersion, very low viscosity and an obvious liquid-like behavior at room temperature in absence of solvent.展开更多
To overcome the problem that a single feature can not reflect the state of machinery in different stages,a method of vibration feature fusion based on self-organizing map(SOM) is presented.Minimum quantization error(M...To overcome the problem that a single feature can not reflect the state of machinery in different stages,a method of vibration feature fusion based on self-organizing map(SOM) is presented.Minimum quantization error(MQE) is obtained unsupervised based on SOM network.And trend information of the MQE curve is extracted by the wavelet packet to enhance state differentiating.Experimental flat is designed for bearing accelerating fatigue.And experimental results show that the method of vibration feature fusion based on SOM can reflect the state of machinery in different stages effectively.展开更多
In order to build a healthy and civilized city,we students should try our best to behave well in many ways.First of all,we must respect old people and polite1 to others.Second,we should make our city clean every day....In order to build a healthy and civilized city,we students should try our best to behave well in many ways.First of all,we must respect old people and polite1 to others.Second,we should make our city clean every day.Don’t throw litter here and there.Third,it’s polite to say'Thank you','Please'and so on.We should never speak2 dirty words.Be friendly to others and always be ready to help others.展开更多
As competition in the market for discrete part prod uc ts gets harder and harder the requirements for extreme manufacturing operati on efficiencies get increasingly accentuated. Therefore requirements for well behaved...As competition in the market for discrete part prod uc ts gets harder and harder the requirements for extreme manufacturing operati on efficiencies get increasingly accentuated. Therefore requirements for well behaved manufacturing operation control get more and more significant. The purpose of the paper is to establish a framework for development of formal m ethods for design of systems for simultaneous control of continuous manufacturin g task processes and resource allocation of discrete part manufacturing. In the paper states which are needed for feedback control of continuous manufact uring task processes are defined and an example is presented. States which are necessary for feedback control of distribution of manufacturing resources are defined. The definition is based on the states defined for feedba ck control of the continuous processes of discrete part manufacturing tasks. An exemple is presented. Based on use of the state variables two types of equations are described, the pu rpose of which it is to represent the constraints to which control of the manufa cturing system is subject. Characteristic instances of the equations are presen ted. Methods for design of systems which can control continuous tasks are presented. Methods for design of systems which can control resource allocation are presente d. Methods for design of systems which can simultaneously control continuous tas k processes and resource allocation as the resource allocation is subject to con tinuos task execution constraints are presented.展开更多
In a normal form, prisoners' dilemma (PD) is represented by a payoff matrix showing players' strategies and payoffs. To obtain the distinguishing trait and strategic form of PD, certain constraints are imposed...In a normal form, prisoners' dilemma (PD) is represented by a payoff matrix showing players' strategies and payoffs. To obtain the distinguishing trait and strategic form of PD, certain constraints are imposed on the elements of its payoff matrix. We quantize PD by a generalized quantization scheme to analyze its strategic behavior in the quantum domain. The game starts with a general entangled state of the form |ψ>=cos(ξ/2)|00>+sin(ξ/2)|11> and the measurement for payoffs is performed in entangled and product bases. We show that for both measurements, there exist respective cutoff values of entanglement of the initial quantum state up to which the strategic form of the game remains intact. Beyond these cutoffs the quantized PD behaves like the chicken game (CG) up to another cutoff value. For the measurement in the entangled basis the dilemma is resolved for sinξ >1/7 with Q⊗Q as a Nash Equilibrium (NE). However, the quantized game behaves like PD when sinξ >1/3;whereas in the range 1/7<sinξ <1/3 it behaves like CG with Q⊗Q as an NE. For the measurement in the product basis the quantized PD behaves like classical PD for sin^(2)(ξ/2) <1/3 with D⊗D as an NE. In region 1/3<sin^(2)(ξ/2)<3/7, the quantized PD behaves like classical CG with C⊗D and D⊗C as NEs.展开更多
We have developed a nev self-assembled quantum dot system where InGaAs dots are formed on an InAlAs wetting layer and embedded in the GaAs matrix. The structure is realized by special sample designation and demonstrat...We have developed a nev self-assembled quantum dot system where InGaAs dots are formed on an InAlAs wetting layer and embedded in the GaAs matrix. The structure is realized by special sample designation and demonstrated by low-temperature photoluminescence measurements. In contrast to the traditional InAs/GaAs quantum dots dominated by the ensemble effect, the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence of such a quantum dot structure behaves as decoupled quantum dots. This can be attributed to the enhanced potential confinement for the dots provided by a higher-energy barrier in the wetting layer。展开更多
OBJECTIVEα-Dstroglycan(α-DG)is a predominant component in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex(DGC)and a recently char⁃acterized receptor for several extracellular matrix components with high affinity.Recent research...OBJECTIVEα-Dstroglycan(α-DG)is a predominant component in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex(DGC)and a recently char⁃acterized receptor for several extracellular matrix components with high affinity.Recent research⁃es have reported that hypoglycosylation ofα-DG is associated with the pathophysiology of diseas⁃es,especially muscular dystrophy,but little is known about major depressive disorder(MDD).Like-acetylglucosaminyl transferase(Large)is a key enzyme for glycosylation ofα-DG,which mainly modifies two points in the middle domain ofα-DG:Thr-317 and Thr-319.Glycosylatedα-DG(GLY-α-DG)can bind with high affinity to extracellular matrix(ECM)molecules that con⁃tain laminin globular(LG)domains,including per⁃lecan,agrin and neurexin.Agrin is mainly derived from neurons rather than glial cells.In cultured hippocampal neurons,it was found that agrin could regulate the homeostatic plasticity of inhibi⁃tory neurons by acting on GLY-α-DG.Mdx mice are transgenetic models for the investigation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Many studies have shown that the expression of GLY-α-DG in the peripheral and brain tissues of Mdx mice is significantly down-regulated.Mdx mice show cognitive impairment and high levels of anxiety.In this study,we employed chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)to establish an animal model of depression and detected the expression of GLY-α-DG among the brain areas associated with the pathophysiology of depression.METHODS So⁃cial interaction test(SIT)and sucrose preference test(SPT)were used to evaluate depressive-like behavior.Open field(OF)and elevated plus maze(EPM)test were used to determine the anxiety-like behavior of Mdx mice.Novelty-sup⁃pressed feeding test(NSFT)forced swim test(FST)and tail suspension test(TST)were used to detect the depressive-like behavior of Mdx mice.Novel object recognition test(NOR)was applied to evaluate the cognition of Mdx mice.Subthreshold social defeat stress was used to explore the susceptibility to stress in Mdx mice.Stereotactic infusion of agrin into the ventral hippocampus(vHip),FST and TST were used to investigate the antidepressant effects of agrin.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)-mediated overex⁃pression techniques,behavior tests and whole-cell path-clamp technique were conducted to determine the impact of Large overexpression on CSDS susceptible mice.RESULTS The expres⁃sion ofα-DG and GLY-α-DG were significantly decreased in the vHip of CSDS susceptible mice.Mdx mice showed decreased expression of GLY-α-DG and increased anxiety-like behav⁃iors.Mdx mice displayed some depressive-like behaviors,and the susceptibility to stress was significantly increased.Downregulation of the expressionα-DG in the vHip by lentivirus increased the susceptibility to stress.Administra⁃tion of agrin to CSDS susceptible mice exerted antidepressant effects,and this effect could par⁃tially sustain for a week.The expression of Large was decreased in vHip.Overexpression of Large through AAV-Large reversed the depressive-like behaviors and restored the decreased frequency and amplitude of mIPSC.CONCLUSION GLY-α-DG and its glycosylase are significantly decreased in CSDS susceptible mice.Adminis⁃tration of agrin and overexpression of Large displays antidepressant effect,which may be related to its promotion of inhibitory synaptic transmission.展开更多
It is the ninth year for China to implement the Antitrust Law and the law enforcement has been seeing plenty of new measures,which helps the Law keep improving.Since the year of 2014,the antitrust law enforcement divi...It is the ninth year for China to implement the Antitrust Law and the law enforcement has been seeing plenty of new measures,which helps the Law keep improving.Since the year of 2014,the antitrust law enforcement division of the State Council has disclosed a series of sensational antitrust investigation cases and the foreign-invested companies serve as a target among these cases.For instance,the"展开更多
1、accurate,exact,precise,correct,right 与 true①accurate 指相当程度地符合客观标准并强调需用极大努力以求达到符合客观标准或事实。如:You must be accurate in arithmatic.(你做算术要准确。)She is a very accurate typist.(...1、accurate,exact,precise,correct,right 与 true①accurate 指相当程度地符合客观标准并强调需用极大努力以求达到符合客观标准或事实。如:You must be accurate in arithmatic.(你做算术要准确。)She is a very accurate typist.(她是个丝毫不爽的打字员)展开更多
In our earlier paper,power system stabilizers (PSSs) are designed for a nine-machine system,a new pole-placement tech-nique is developed for the design,and participation factors are used to decide how many stabilizers...In our earlier paper,power system stabilizers (PSSs) are designed for a nine-machine system,a new pole-placement tech-nique is developed for the design,and participation factors are used to decide how many stabilizers are required and where they shall be.Eachmachine being represented by a low-order linear model,there is some reservation of the results.In this paper,extensive transient simulationsare performed and each machine is represented by a high-order nonlinear model.Coherent groups are found.A weighted speed deviationindex (SDI) is defined to find out the most unstable machines in the system.PSSs are designed after the decisions of PSS number and sites.Transient simulations are carried out again for the closed-loop system.A system stability index (SSI) is used to evaluate the stability of theclosed-loop system.It is found that three PSSs are sufficient to ensure the stability of the nine-machine system.展开更多
Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part.Foreach sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.He always does something that can __ the su...Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part.Foreach sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.He always does something that can __ the sufferings ofothers.A.release B.relieve C.retain D.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program(Grant Nos.2022ZD0211903,2022ZD0212100,2021ZD0202205 for R.W.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32201130 for R.W.+3 种基金62125501,12025402 for S.X.)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1404700 for S.X.,2023YFC3402604,2023YFF1501100 for A.W.)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z240013 for R.W.)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Project(Grant No.JCYJ20241202123729038 for S.X.).
文摘Miniaturized two-photon microscopes(m2PMs)enable high-resolution,deep-brain imaging in freely behaving animals.However,the trade-offs among weight,form factor,and optical performance in conventional refractive objectives present major obstacles to achieving large field-of-view(FOV),high-resolution imaging in weightsensitive or multiregion applications.Metalenses offer ultralight,high-NA,aberration-corrected alternatives,but face persistent challenges,including restricted FOV,off-axis aberrations,and dual-band optimization for two-photon imaging.Here,we present Meta-m2PM 2.0,a 1.06 g headpiece featuring a compound metalens architecture with a two-stage imaging design that decouples scanning and focusing.We designed and fabricated a large-angle(±12°)metalens-based scan lens and a high-NA(0.48)dual-layer metalens-based objective,both derived from our established polarization-insensitive Si_(3)N_(4)meta-atom library co-optimized for focusing and transmission at 920 nm excitation and 500–560 nm fluorescence collection.Meta-m2PM 2.0 achieves a 350×330μm^(2)FOV(>50×that of Meta-m2PM 1.0),with 1.17μm lateral and 19.85μm axial resolution at the center,while maintaining>80%lateral resolution uniformity across the FOV,and extending imaging depth to 210μm(~3×deeper).We demonstrate dendritic imaging in head-fixed awake mice and,to our knowledge,the first metalens-based two-photon calcium imaging in freely behaving mice with a high signal-to-noise ratio,paving the way for ultralight multiregion neuroimaging and compact nonlinear microendoscopy.
文摘当代英语中表示“请”含义的最常用的有三个词,即 please,kindly 和 just。这几个词看似简单,但在实际使用中比我们想象的要复杂得多。现辨析如下:一、please 请:烦请该词在句中的位置比较灵活,既可以出现在句首,也可以出现在句中和句末。如:(1)Please give me that book.请把那本书给我。(2)Give me that book,please.请把那本书给我。(3)Will you please give me that book?请把那本书给我,好吗?(4)Will you give me that book,please?
文摘反身代词(reflexive pronoun)在英语中只有9个,其单数形式为:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,oneself;其复数形式为:ourselves,yourselves,themselves。这些词的用法值得认真掌握,不可忽视。本文详细谈谈反身代词在句中的作用。一、反射作用在句中作宾语或表语,表示动作返回到动作执行者本身。1.作动词的宾语(1)Please help yourself to some fish.请随便吃点鱼吧。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61170295
文摘In the system of Computer Network Collaborative Defense(CNCD),it is difficult to evaluate the trustworthiness of defense agents which are newly added to the system,since they lack historical interaction for trust evaluation.This will lead that the newly added agents could not get reasonable initial trustworthiness,and affect the whole process of trust evaluation.To solve this problem in CNCD,a trust type based trust bootstrapping model was introduced in this research.First,the division of trust type,trust utility and defense cost were discussed.Then the constraints of defense tasks were analyzed based on game theory.According to the constraints obtained,the trust type of defense agents was identified and the initial trustworthiness was assigned to defense agents.The simulated experiment shows that the methods proposed have lower failure rate of defense tasks and better adaptability in the respect of defense task execution.
文摘TiO2 nanoparticles with surface hydroxyl groups are treated by trimethoxysilane (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)6-9CH3 and a inorganic core/organic shell hybridmaterials, which shows itself a yellow viscous fluid, is obtained. We call it solvent-free TiO2 nanofliuds. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and rheometer are adopted to characterize the product. As a result, the content of TiO2 nanoparticles in the nanofliuds is about 5.5wt%, the functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles possess better dispersion, very low viscosity and an obvious liquid-like behavior at room temperature in absence of solvent.
文摘To overcome the problem that a single feature can not reflect the state of machinery in different stages,a method of vibration feature fusion based on self-organizing map(SOM) is presented.Minimum quantization error(MQE) is obtained unsupervised based on SOM network.And trend information of the MQE curve is extracted by the wavelet packet to enhance state differentiating.Experimental flat is designed for bearing accelerating fatigue.And experimental results show that the method of vibration feature fusion based on SOM can reflect the state of machinery in different stages effectively.
文摘In order to build a healthy and civilized city,we students should try our best to behave well in many ways.First of all,we must respect old people and polite1 to others.Second,we should make our city clean every day.Don’t throw litter here and there.Third,it’s polite to say'Thank you','Please'and so on.We should never speak2 dirty words.Be friendly to others and always be ready to help others.
文摘As competition in the market for discrete part prod uc ts gets harder and harder the requirements for extreme manufacturing operati on efficiencies get increasingly accentuated. Therefore requirements for well behaved manufacturing operation control get more and more significant. The purpose of the paper is to establish a framework for development of formal m ethods for design of systems for simultaneous control of continuous manufacturin g task processes and resource allocation of discrete part manufacturing. In the paper states which are needed for feedback control of continuous manufact uring task processes are defined and an example is presented. States which are necessary for feedback control of distribution of manufacturing resources are defined. The definition is based on the states defined for feedba ck control of the continuous processes of discrete part manufacturing tasks. An exemple is presented. Based on use of the state variables two types of equations are described, the pu rpose of which it is to represent the constraints to which control of the manufa cturing system is subject. Characteristic instances of the equations are presen ted. Methods for design of systems which can control continuous tasks are presented. Methods for design of systems which can control resource allocation are presente d. Methods for design of systems which can simultaneously control continuous tas k processes and resource allocation as the resource allocation is subject to con tinuos task execution constraints are presented.
文摘In a normal form, prisoners' dilemma (PD) is represented by a payoff matrix showing players' strategies and payoffs. To obtain the distinguishing trait and strategic form of PD, certain constraints are imposed on the elements of its payoff matrix. We quantize PD by a generalized quantization scheme to analyze its strategic behavior in the quantum domain. The game starts with a general entangled state of the form |ψ>=cos(ξ/2)|00>+sin(ξ/2)|11> and the measurement for payoffs is performed in entangled and product bases. We show that for both measurements, there exist respective cutoff values of entanglement of the initial quantum state up to which the strategic form of the game remains intact. Beyond these cutoffs the quantized PD behaves like the chicken game (CG) up to another cutoff value. For the measurement in the entangled basis the dilemma is resolved for sinξ >1/7 with Q⊗Q as a Nash Equilibrium (NE). However, the quantized game behaves like PD when sinξ >1/3;whereas in the range 1/7<sinξ <1/3 it behaves like CG with Q⊗Q as an NE. For the measurement in the product basis the quantized PD behaves like classical PD for sin^(2)(ξ/2) <1/3 with D⊗D as an NE. In region 1/3<sin^(2)(ξ/2)<3/7, the quantized PD behaves like classical CG with C⊗D and D⊗C as NEs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.69736010the National Advanced Materials Committee of China。
文摘We have developed a nev self-assembled quantum dot system where InGaAs dots are formed on an InAlAs wetting layer and embedded in the GaAs matrix. The structure is realized by special sample designation and demonstrated by low-temperature photoluminescence measurements. In contrast to the traditional InAs/GaAs quantum dots dominated by the ensemble effect, the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence of such a quantum dot structure behaves as decoupled quantum dots. This can be attributed to the enhanced potential confinement for the dots provided by a higher-energy barrier in the wetting layer。
文摘OBJECTIVEα-Dstroglycan(α-DG)is a predominant component in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex(DGC)and a recently char⁃acterized receptor for several extracellular matrix components with high affinity.Recent research⁃es have reported that hypoglycosylation ofα-DG is associated with the pathophysiology of diseas⁃es,especially muscular dystrophy,but little is known about major depressive disorder(MDD).Like-acetylglucosaminyl transferase(Large)is a key enzyme for glycosylation ofα-DG,which mainly modifies two points in the middle domain ofα-DG:Thr-317 and Thr-319.Glycosylatedα-DG(GLY-α-DG)can bind with high affinity to extracellular matrix(ECM)molecules that con⁃tain laminin globular(LG)domains,including per⁃lecan,agrin and neurexin.Agrin is mainly derived from neurons rather than glial cells.In cultured hippocampal neurons,it was found that agrin could regulate the homeostatic plasticity of inhibi⁃tory neurons by acting on GLY-α-DG.Mdx mice are transgenetic models for the investigation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Many studies have shown that the expression of GLY-α-DG in the peripheral and brain tissues of Mdx mice is significantly down-regulated.Mdx mice show cognitive impairment and high levels of anxiety.In this study,we employed chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)to establish an animal model of depression and detected the expression of GLY-α-DG among the brain areas associated with the pathophysiology of depression.METHODS So⁃cial interaction test(SIT)and sucrose preference test(SPT)were used to evaluate depressive-like behavior.Open field(OF)and elevated plus maze(EPM)test were used to determine the anxiety-like behavior of Mdx mice.Novelty-sup⁃pressed feeding test(NSFT)forced swim test(FST)and tail suspension test(TST)were used to detect the depressive-like behavior of Mdx mice.Novel object recognition test(NOR)was applied to evaluate the cognition of Mdx mice.Subthreshold social defeat stress was used to explore the susceptibility to stress in Mdx mice.Stereotactic infusion of agrin into the ventral hippocampus(vHip),FST and TST were used to investigate the antidepressant effects of agrin.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)-mediated overex⁃pression techniques,behavior tests and whole-cell path-clamp technique were conducted to determine the impact of Large overexpression on CSDS susceptible mice.RESULTS The expres⁃sion ofα-DG and GLY-α-DG were significantly decreased in the vHip of CSDS susceptible mice.Mdx mice showed decreased expression of GLY-α-DG and increased anxiety-like behav⁃iors.Mdx mice displayed some depressive-like behaviors,and the susceptibility to stress was significantly increased.Downregulation of the expressionα-DG in the vHip by lentivirus increased the susceptibility to stress.Administra⁃tion of agrin to CSDS susceptible mice exerted antidepressant effects,and this effect could par⁃tially sustain for a week.The expression of Large was decreased in vHip.Overexpression of Large through AAV-Large reversed the depressive-like behaviors and restored the decreased frequency and amplitude of mIPSC.CONCLUSION GLY-α-DG and its glycosylase are significantly decreased in CSDS susceptible mice.Adminis⁃tration of agrin and overexpression of Large displays antidepressant effect,which may be related to its promotion of inhibitory synaptic transmission.
文摘It is the ninth year for China to implement the Antitrust Law and the law enforcement has been seeing plenty of new measures,which helps the Law keep improving.Since the year of 2014,the antitrust law enforcement division of the State Council has disclosed a series of sensational antitrust investigation cases and the foreign-invested companies serve as a target among these cases.For instance,the"
文摘1、accurate,exact,precise,correct,right 与 true①accurate 指相当程度地符合客观标准并强调需用极大努力以求达到符合客观标准或事实。如:You must be accurate in arithmatic.(你做算术要准确。)She is a very accurate typist.(她是个丝毫不爽的打字员)
文摘In our earlier paper,power system stabilizers (PSSs) are designed for a nine-machine system,a new pole-placement tech-nique is developed for the design,and participation factors are used to decide how many stabilizers are required and where they shall be.Eachmachine being represented by a low-order linear model,there is some reservation of the results.In this paper,extensive transient simulationsare performed and each machine is represented by a high-order nonlinear model.Coherent groups are found.A weighted speed deviationindex (SDI) is defined to find out the most unstable machines in the system.PSSs are designed after the decisions of PSS number and sites.Transient simulations are carried out again for the closed-loop system.A system stability index (SSI) is used to evaluate the stability of theclosed-loop system.It is found that three PSSs are sufficient to ensure the stability of the nine-machine system.
文摘Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part.Foreach sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.He always does something that can __ the sufferings ofothers.A.release B.relieve C.retain D.
