Beeswax is the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax to build the honeycombs where to store honey.Thanks to its rich hydrophobic protective properties,the beeswax is in fact present w...Beeswax is the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax to build the honeycombs where to store honey.Thanks to its rich hydrophobic protective properties,the beeswax is in fact present within cosmetics and body products.Also,beeswax is used in the food industry:as a film to wrap cheese for maturing or as a food additive(E901) to give shine to the products.Exactly as the honey which it contains,beeswax is also characterized by several therapeutic properties of great interest to us; it is thought to be particularly effective in healing bruises,inflammation and burns.Recently,the interest of researchers has moved even on antimicrobial properties of beeswax although there are still few studies in the literature focused only on the action of beeswax.The few studies showed an anitimicrobic effectiveness of beeswax against overall Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella enterica,Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger; these inhibitory effects are enhanced synergistically with other natural products such as honey or olive oil.This minireview aims to be a collection of major scientific works that have considered the antimicrobial activity of beeswax alone or in combination with other natural products in recent years.展开更多
This paper presents a model for the characterization and selection of beeswaxes for use as base substitute tissue for the manufacture of objects suitable for external radiotherapy using megavoltage photon beams. The m...This paper presents a model for the characterization and selection of beeswaxes for use as base substitute tissue for the manufacture of objects suitable for external radiotherapy using megavoltage photon beams. The model of characterization was divided into three distinct stages: 1) verification of aspects related to the origin of the beeswax, the bee species, the flora in the vicinity of the beehives and procedures to detect adulterations;2) evaluation of physical and chemical properties;and 3) evaluation of beam attenuation capacity. The chemical composition of the beeswax evaluated in this study was similar to other simulators commonly used in radiotherapy. The behavior of the mass attenuation coefficient in the radiotherapy energy range was comparable to other simulators. The proposed model is efficient and enables convenient assessment of the use of any particular beeswax as a base substitute tissue for radiotherapy.展开更多
Beeswax can be a good structuring agent for edible oleogels.There is controversy about its role in the oleogel oxidation processes.This study investigated the oxidative stability of oleogels and the impact of their co...Beeswax can be a good structuring agent for edible oleogels.There is controversy about its role in the oleogel oxidation processes.This study investigated the oxidative stability of oleogels and the impact of their composition and texture on this stability.Oleogels were created by structuring sunflower oil with beeswax or combinations of its fractions(6%w/w gelator).Preparative flash chromatography was used to obtain beeswax fractions,which had a diverse composition according to TLC and HPLS-ELSD(hydrocarbons,wax esters,free fatty acids,and alcohols).Different oxidation indices(PV,AV,CDV,TOTOX,volatile organic compounds)of oleogels were evaluated,as well as their textural properties(firmness and Young’s modulus)after 20 days of storage at 35◦C.Among the tested samples,unstructured sunflower oil demonstrated the highest oxidative stability.The sample based on hydrocarbons and monoesters was the most stable of the oleogels tested.Hexanal is the most common volatile organic molecule generated during the oxidation of sunflower oil.Oleogels have a more complex profile of volatile compounds,including ketones,alcohols,and terpenes.Beeswax based oleogel’s induction period was the shortest.The oxidation rate of oleogels and Young’s modulus(r2=0.9511,negative),as well as the concentration of free fatty acids(r2=0.8195,positive)had a strong correlations.The results show that oleogels structured with beeswax fractions could be beneficial in fat-containing products with improved oxidation resistance.展开更多
The conventional honey production is dominated by fragmented,small-scale individual farming models.The traditional approach of honey-harvesting involving manual beehive frames extraction,beeswax layer excision and cen...The conventional honey production is dominated by fragmented,small-scale individual farming models.The traditional approach of honey-harvesting involving manual beehive frames extraction,beeswax layer excision and centrifugal honey separation,expose beekeepers to potential bee stings and frequently compromise honeycomb integrity.To address these limitations,we designed an automated honey-harvesting robot capable of autonomous frame extraction and beeswax removal.The robot mainly consists of a mobile mechanism equipped with image recognition for beehive localization,a magnetic adsorption-based beehive frame handling device(60.8 N maximum suction)coupled with a cross-slide mechanism for precise frame manipulation,and a thermal beeswax layer-melting apparatus,with optimal melting parameters(15 m/s airflow at 90℃ for 30 seconds)determined through rigorous thermal flow simulations utilizing FLUENT/Mechanical software.Field experiments demonstrated beehive frames handling success rate exceeding 85%,beeswax layer removal efficacy over 80% and damage of honeycombs below 30%.The experiment results validate the robot's operational reliability and its capacity to automate critical harvesting procedures.This study significantly reduces the labor intensity for beekeepers,effectively eliminates the risk of direct human-bee contact and improves the removal of beeswax layer,thereby catalyzing the modernization of the beekeeping industry.展开更多
文摘Beeswax is the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax to build the honeycombs where to store honey.Thanks to its rich hydrophobic protective properties,the beeswax is in fact present within cosmetics and body products.Also,beeswax is used in the food industry:as a film to wrap cheese for maturing or as a food additive(E901) to give shine to the products.Exactly as the honey which it contains,beeswax is also characterized by several therapeutic properties of great interest to us; it is thought to be particularly effective in healing bruises,inflammation and burns.Recently,the interest of researchers has moved even on antimicrobial properties of beeswax although there are still few studies in the literature focused only on the action of beeswax.The few studies showed an anitimicrobic effectiveness of beeswax against overall Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella enterica,Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger; these inhibitory effects are enhanced synergistically with other natural products such as honey or olive oil.This minireview aims to be a collection of major scientific works that have considered the antimicrobial activity of beeswax alone or in combination with other natural products in recent years.
文摘This paper presents a model for the characterization and selection of beeswaxes for use as base substitute tissue for the manufacture of objects suitable for external radiotherapy using megavoltage photon beams. The model of characterization was divided into three distinct stages: 1) verification of aspects related to the origin of the beeswax, the bee species, the flora in the vicinity of the beehives and procedures to detect adulterations;2) evaluation of physical and chemical properties;and 3) evaluation of beam attenuation capacity. The chemical composition of the beeswax evaluated in this study was similar to other simulators commonly used in radiotherapy. The behavior of the mass attenuation coefficient in the radiotherapy energy range was comparable to other simulators. The proposed model is efficient and enables convenient assessment of the use of any particular beeswax as a base substitute tissue for radiotherapy.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant(Project No.19-16-00113).
文摘Beeswax can be a good structuring agent for edible oleogels.There is controversy about its role in the oleogel oxidation processes.This study investigated the oxidative stability of oleogels and the impact of their composition and texture on this stability.Oleogels were created by structuring sunflower oil with beeswax or combinations of its fractions(6%w/w gelator).Preparative flash chromatography was used to obtain beeswax fractions,which had a diverse composition according to TLC and HPLS-ELSD(hydrocarbons,wax esters,free fatty acids,and alcohols).Different oxidation indices(PV,AV,CDV,TOTOX,volatile organic compounds)of oleogels were evaluated,as well as their textural properties(firmness and Young’s modulus)after 20 days of storage at 35◦C.Among the tested samples,unstructured sunflower oil demonstrated the highest oxidative stability.The sample based on hydrocarbons and monoesters was the most stable of the oleogels tested.Hexanal is the most common volatile organic molecule generated during the oxidation of sunflower oil.Oleogels have a more complex profile of volatile compounds,including ketones,alcohols,and terpenes.Beeswax based oleogel’s induction period was the shortest.The oxidation rate of oleogels and Young’s modulus(r2=0.9511,negative),as well as the concentration of free fatty acids(r2=0.8195,positive)had a strong correlations.The results show that oleogels structured with beeswax fractions could be beneficial in fat-containing products with improved oxidation resistance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700644)Shandong Province Postdoctoral Innovation Project(SDCX-ZG-202400195)。
文摘The conventional honey production is dominated by fragmented,small-scale individual farming models.The traditional approach of honey-harvesting involving manual beehive frames extraction,beeswax layer excision and centrifugal honey separation,expose beekeepers to potential bee stings and frequently compromise honeycomb integrity.To address these limitations,we designed an automated honey-harvesting robot capable of autonomous frame extraction and beeswax removal.The robot mainly consists of a mobile mechanism equipped with image recognition for beehive localization,a magnetic adsorption-based beehive frame handling device(60.8 N maximum suction)coupled with a cross-slide mechanism for precise frame manipulation,and a thermal beeswax layer-melting apparatus,with optimal melting parameters(15 m/s airflow at 90℃ for 30 seconds)determined through rigorous thermal flow simulations utilizing FLUENT/Mechanical software.Field experiments demonstrated beehive frames handling success rate exceeding 85%,beeswax layer removal efficacy over 80% and damage of honeycombs below 30%.The experiment results validate the robot's operational reliability and its capacity to automate critical harvesting procedures.This study significantly reduces the labor intensity for beekeepers,effectively eliminates the risk of direct human-bee contact and improves the removal of beeswax layer,thereby catalyzing the modernization of the beekeeping industry.
