Production of bee products using standards of Modern technology requires high specialization and high productivity of labor adequate facilities and equipment, and coordination of natural bee potential with production ...Production of bee products using standards of Modern technology requires high specialization and high productivity of labor adequate facilities and equipment, and coordination of natural bee potential with production characteristics of the wider region. Effectively beekeeping today means using several pastures per year with a yield of 50-60 kg per hive. Mobile beekeeping is the only way to achieve high yields of production and it has considerable advantage over stationary one which is less rentable. Mobile beekeeping require higher investments and labor but with good climate and ecological conditions, one can achieve several times higher income than in stationary beekeeping. Some of the success in mobile beekeeping depends of the selection of hives. The hives must be designed to give the bees the best environment for work and development to be most efficient. Data was collected from 57 beekeepers that live in the district. Data analysis was conducted by using standard statistical and economic processes. Criteria for a recommended for the proposed beekeeping model were incomes and profit per hive. For effective beekeeping and production of bee products, especially honey, beekeeper must have adequate equipment and a good bee hives. Beekeeper must have transportation and additional equipment because their movement depends season on the season and distance to pasture.展开更多
Beekeeping is one of the recommended approaches in the implementation of poverty alleviation programs in rural areas of Burkina Faso. However, plants that are important in beekeeping have not been identified. The use ...Beekeeping is one of the recommended approaches in the implementation of poverty alleviation programs in rural areas of Burkina Faso. However, plants that are important in beekeeping have not been identified. The use of parts and organs of plants by beekeepers and their methods of harvesting remain unknown. These limit the conservation efforts of these important plants and affect beekeeping development. The study was carried out in the south-central, eastcentral regions and in Comoé and Boucle of Mouhoun regions ofBurkina Faso. The objective of the study was to identify the plants species used by traditional beekeepers, the different uses made of these plant parts and organs and then to discuss the impact of these activities on the survival of the plant resources. An ethnoapiculture survey was conducted in the main apiculture zone of Burkina Faso, using semi-structured interviews. The methodology of botanical coherence or convergence was applied to classify botanical species. Results showed that 35 botanical species were used in traditional beekeeping. The use of plant parts or organs in traditional hives construction represents 55%, attraction of wild swarms in new beehives is 37.50% and use as a torch or as a smoker, 7.50%. The barks are the organs most used. Trees are botanical type most used. The results are not exhaustive and therefore other additional studies need to be carried out. In order to sustain the use of these important plants, their growing in nursery and their planting in the field are recommended.展开更多
In many parts of the world,beekeeping,a pillar of agricultural production and biodiversity conservation,is subject to the harmful effects of climate change and climate variability.In Côte d’Ivoire,no scientific ...In many parts of the world,beekeeping,a pillar of agricultural production and biodiversity conservation,is subject to the harmful effects of climate change and climate variability.In Côte d’Ivoire,no scientific study has examined the impact of climatic variations on beekeeping production.This study aimed to assess the impact of climatic parameters on beekeeping in the Poro region,a bastion of beekeeping in Côte d’Ivoire,using the annual production of 11 avail-able beekeepers.The beekeepers’perceptions of the impact of climatic varia-bility on their productivity were collected from semi-structured surveys using a questionnaire.Snowball sampling was used to interview 162 beekeepers who responded to the questionnaire.The results showed that there has been an in-crease in average temperature over the years,with an average of 27.29℃,and a deficit in rainfall since 1999.There is a downward trend in production for 2 beekeepers,while there is no significant trend for the other 9 producers.The correlation between certain climatic variables and honey production showed that the average temperature(26℃ and 27℃)over the last seven years of pro-duction had no significant impact on beekeeping in the region(r=0.02;p>0.05).On the other hand,rainfall had a significant impact on honey production(r=0.078;p<0.05).Beekeepers have a good knowledge of the impacts of cli-mate variability and recognize that it affects their activities.some adaptation strategies will be proposed to beekeepers to cope with climate impacts like the use of water tanks,transhumance,reforestation and changes in management practices.It is necessary to take into account the other climatic factors,all the environmental parameters and beekeeping management practices.展开更多
Since it first appeared in 2022,the phenomenon referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder(CCD)has affected several regions of Morocco to varying degrees.In order to assess the possible impact of pesticides on the appeara...Since it first appeared in 2022,the phenomenon referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder(CCD)has affected several regions of Morocco to varying degrees.In order to assess the possible impact of pesticides on the appearance of this syndrome,we conducted a study aimed at evaluating the impact of pesticide use on the emergence of this syndrome through a year-long survey involving 160 beekeepers in the Beni Mellal–Khenifra Region(BKR)who also experienced an unprecedented desertion of hives during the same period.The majority of surveyed beekeepers practice mixed(45%)or migratory beekeeping(42%)and provide supplementary feeding(83.75%)to support their bees.Nearly 37.5%of the hives are located near crops treated with pesticides,exposing the bees to these chemicals.The results showed that the majority of beekeepers reported a cessation of queen laying(74.38%),high mortality rates among worker bees(81.25%),drones(65.63%),and queens(61.88%).Abnormal behaviors such as immobility with trembling(42.50%),reduced flights(47.50%),and disoriented navigation(28.75%)were also observed.Correlation analyses indicate that proximity to treated crops significantly increases the risk of queen laying cessation(Odds Ratio 6.0)and a reduction in waggle dances(Odds Ratio 2.41).Extended foraging flights show a borderline statistical significance(Odds Ratio 2.33),suggesting a disruption of natural food sources.These results highlight the potential impact of pesticides on colony health and bee behavior,pointing out the need to adapt beekeeping practices and implement protective measures against pesticides.展开更多
[Objectives]In Tibet,the efficiency of beekeeping industry is low,the abundant nectariferous plants and the non-polluting natural ecological environment are not fully utilized,the pollination of rapeseed and other ins...[Objectives]In Tibet,the efficiency of beekeeping industry is low,the abundant nectariferous plants and the non-polluting natural ecological environment are not fully utilized,the pollination of rapeseed and other insect-based crops is insufficient,and benefits are not brought by beekeeping.[Methods]In response to these problems,Italian bees were first introduced since 2004,and combined with the special natural ecological environment of Tibet,researches on Italian bee biology,queen rearing technology,overwintering technology,and breeding management technology were carried out in high altitude areas.[Results]Through many years of effort,it has filled the gap in bee breeding technology at an altitude of about 4000 m.[Conclusions]It is expected to provide a new pillar industry for Tibetan farmers and herdsmen to increase production and income.展开更多
Shea tree is a major economic plant contributing to household income through the sale of edible fruits, kernels and shea butter. Shea butter is used industrially in the production of cosmetic products, chocolates and ...Shea tree is a major economic plant contributing to household income through the sale of edible fruits, kernels and shea butter. Shea butter is used industrially in the production of cosmetic products, chocolates and margarines. Fruits are used by human and also by birds. This study aimed to explore strategies for the improvement of shea yield through pollination. Two types of pollination (manual and natural pollination) were applied for the comparison of fruits set and their ripening. The fruits set and ripening index as well as average weight of ripe fruits and kernels were estimated. The results showed a significant difference between the fruits set Index of manual pollination and natural pollination (H(1) = 33.437, p = 7.361 × 10<sup>-9</sup>). Similarly, there was a significant difference between the ripening Index of manual pollination and natural pollination (H(1) = 4.5113, p = 0.03367). However, the mode of pollination did not influence the weight of ripe fruits and kernels. Therefore, the manual pollination enhances pollen supply to receptive stigmas for fertilization and improved fruit yield in Vitellaria paradoxa.展开更多
Efficient honey production requires knowledge about the behavior of the workers and the parameters that influence the strength of the colony. In this study, the objective was to analyze the interaction between the for...Efficient honey production requires knowledge about the behavior of the workers and the parameters that influence the strength of the colony. In this study, the objective was to analyze the interaction between the foraging behavior of worker honeybees and pollen storage levels in Africanized honeybees colonies. Colonies with low pollen storage increased pollen intake rates, but this value was 15% lower than colonies with high pollen storage, demonstrating a direct relationship between the pollen storage levels and foraging activity. The difference in pollen intake rates varied according to the number of foraging honeybees and pollen load collected by each individual. Under both high and low pollen storage, colonies returned pollen storage to initial level within 16 days, suggesting that honeybees regulate pollen storage levels around a homeostatic set point. Relationship between pollen storage levels and colony brood production was also found, indicating how alterations in the behavior of each individual can affect the strength of the colony.展开更多
Arsi zone is one of the Oromia regional state’s zones with high potential of honey and bees wax production and where there was dissemination of modern beehives. This research was initiated with objectives of quantify...Arsi zone is one of the Oromia regional state’s zones with high potential of honey and bees wax production and where there was dissemination of modern beehives. This research was initiated with objectives of quantifying adoption rate of modern beehives and its determinant factors and drawing policy implication for further extension of the technology. The study was conducted in seven districts of Arsi zone and 251 rural beekeepers were interviewed. The average productivity of the modern beehives and local beehives was found to be 19.77 kg/hive and 5.13 kg/hive. The total number of local bee hives possessed by interviewed beekeepers was found to be 1201 while that of modern beehives was found to be 279 hives which shows that the adoption rate is low and if we increase the adoption rate by 50%, the amount of honey harvest will increases by 11,862 kg which is about 5700 kg more than the total honey beekeepers can get from keeping the whole 1201 local hives. Chemical application (herbicides and pesticides), bee predators, lack of knowledge and skill on modern beehives, lack of modern beehive accessories, lack of bee forage and lack of capital were major beekeeping bottlenecks. The result of binary Logit model revealed that the main determinants of adoption are farmyard size, number of local hives beekeepers possessed, training provided, participation on demonstration, wealth status of beekeepers, and participation of beekeepers on nonfarm income sources. Provision of different information towards increasing or improving the saving capacity or culture of beekeepers, provision of adequate and relevant agricultural extension services (such as training on modern beekeeping technologies and experience sharing among beekeepers), provision of credit services to widen the financial bases of poor beekeepers and facilitating access to modern beehives and its accessories especially honey extractor and wax stumper which can increase beehives productivity were the recommendation that was drawn from the output of this research.展开更多
The Beekeeper Formation,a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic reservoir,has long been known as a proven gas reservoir in the northern Perth Basin,Australia.However,its characteristics,and spatio-temporal distribution are st...The Beekeeper Formation,a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic reservoir,has long been known as a proven gas reservoir in the northern Perth Basin,Australia.However,its characteristics,and spatio-temporal distribution are still not well understood.There are two main objectives of this study:(1)to identify the main cutting facies groups/subgroups,and electrofacies of the Beekeeper Formation;and(2)to understand spatio-temporal characteristics,and development of the Beekeeper Formation.Integrated multi analyses have been conducted to achieve these objectives including cutting,wireline logging,and XRF analyses.Fifteen types of cutting components,and nine electrofacies were identified forming the Beekeeper Formation.The Beekeeper Formation consists of nine facies sub-groups,and these are classified into carbonate-dominated facies group,siliciclastic-dominated facies group,and mixed carbonatesiliciclastic facies group.Furthermore,this formation can vertically be divided into three parts on the basis of the main facies groups:the lower,middle,and upper parts.The lower and upper parts consist predominantly of siliciclastic materials,while the middle part is dominated by carbonate materials.In the north of the study area,the Beekeeper Formation consists predominantly of siliciclastic materials with minor carbonate materials,whereas in the central to south it consists mainly of carbonate material with minor-moderate siliciclastic materials.Various processes have influenced the evolution of the Beekeeper Formation including influx of siliciclastic components,mixing of carbonate and siliciclastic materials,suitable environment for the growth of carbonate biotas,sea level fluctuation,and tectonic activities.It is expected that findings from this study will provide new insights into characteristics of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic reservoirs in general,and will have regional and global applicability.展开更多
文摘Production of bee products using standards of Modern technology requires high specialization and high productivity of labor adequate facilities and equipment, and coordination of natural bee potential with production characteristics of the wider region. Effectively beekeeping today means using several pastures per year with a yield of 50-60 kg per hive. Mobile beekeeping is the only way to achieve high yields of production and it has considerable advantage over stationary one which is less rentable. Mobile beekeeping require higher investments and labor but with good climate and ecological conditions, one can achieve several times higher income than in stationary beekeeping. Some of the success in mobile beekeeping depends of the selection of hives. The hives must be designed to give the bees the best environment for work and development to be most efficient. Data was collected from 57 beekeepers that live in the district. Data analysis was conducted by using standard statistical and economic processes. Criteria for a recommended for the proposed beekeeping model were incomes and profit per hive. For effective beekeeping and production of bee products, especially honey, beekeeper must have adequate equipment and a good bee hives. Beekeeper must have transportation and additional equipment because their movement depends season on the season and distance to pasture.
文摘Beekeeping is one of the recommended approaches in the implementation of poverty alleviation programs in rural areas of Burkina Faso. However, plants that are important in beekeeping have not been identified. The use of parts and organs of plants by beekeepers and their methods of harvesting remain unknown. These limit the conservation efforts of these important plants and affect beekeeping development. The study was carried out in the south-central, eastcentral regions and in Comoé and Boucle of Mouhoun regions ofBurkina Faso. The objective of the study was to identify the plants species used by traditional beekeepers, the different uses made of these plant parts and organs and then to discuss the impact of these activities on the survival of the plant resources. An ethnoapiculture survey was conducted in the main apiculture zone of Burkina Faso, using semi-structured interviews. The methodology of botanical coherence or convergence was applied to classify botanical species. Results showed that 35 botanical species were used in traditional beekeeping. The use of plant parts or organs in traditional hives construction represents 55%, attraction of wild swarms in new beehives is 37.50% and use as a torch or as a smoker, 7.50%. The barks are the organs most used. Trees are botanical type most used. The results are not exhaustive and therefore other additional studies need to be carried out. In order to sustain the use of these important plants, their growing in nursery and their planting in the field are recommended.
基金supported by WASCAL(West African Science Center for Climate Change and Adapted Land Use)through the German Federal Ministry of Educa-tion and Research(BMBF).
文摘In many parts of the world,beekeeping,a pillar of agricultural production and biodiversity conservation,is subject to the harmful effects of climate change and climate variability.In Côte d’Ivoire,no scientific study has examined the impact of climatic variations on beekeeping production.This study aimed to assess the impact of climatic parameters on beekeeping in the Poro region,a bastion of beekeeping in Côte d’Ivoire,using the annual production of 11 avail-able beekeepers.The beekeepers’perceptions of the impact of climatic varia-bility on their productivity were collected from semi-structured surveys using a questionnaire.Snowball sampling was used to interview 162 beekeepers who responded to the questionnaire.The results showed that there has been an in-crease in average temperature over the years,with an average of 27.29℃,and a deficit in rainfall since 1999.There is a downward trend in production for 2 beekeepers,while there is no significant trend for the other 9 producers.The correlation between certain climatic variables and honey production showed that the average temperature(26℃ and 27℃)over the last seven years of pro-duction had no significant impact on beekeeping in the region(r=0.02;p>0.05).On the other hand,rainfall had a significant impact on honey production(r=0.078;p<0.05).Beekeepers have a good knowledge of the impacts of cli-mate variability and recognize that it affects their activities.some adaptation strategies will be proposed to beekeepers to cope with climate impacts like the use of water tanks,transhumance,reforestation and changes in management practices.It is necessary to take into account the other climatic factors,all the environmental parameters and beekeeping management practices.
文摘Since it first appeared in 2022,the phenomenon referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder(CCD)has affected several regions of Morocco to varying degrees.In order to assess the possible impact of pesticides on the appearance of this syndrome,we conducted a study aimed at evaluating the impact of pesticide use on the emergence of this syndrome through a year-long survey involving 160 beekeepers in the Beni Mellal–Khenifra Region(BKR)who also experienced an unprecedented desertion of hives during the same period.The majority of surveyed beekeepers practice mixed(45%)or migratory beekeeping(42%)and provide supplementary feeding(83.75%)to support their bees.Nearly 37.5%of the hives are located near crops treated with pesticides,exposing the bees to these chemicals.The results showed that the majority of beekeepers reported a cessation of queen laying(74.38%),high mortality rates among worker bees(81.25%),drones(65.63%),and queens(61.88%).Abnormal behaviors such as immobility with trembling(42.50%),reduced flights(47.50%),and disoriented navigation(28.75%)were also observed.Correlation analyses indicate that proximity to treated crops significantly increases the risk of queen laying cessation(Odds Ratio 6.0)and a reduction in waggle dances(Odds Ratio 2.41).Extended foraging flights show a borderline statistical significance(Odds Ratio 2.33),suggesting a disruption of natural food sources.These results highlight the potential impact of pesticides on colony health and bee behavior,pointing out the need to adapt beekeeping practices and implement protective measures against pesticides.
基金Program of Lhasa Comprehensive Experimental Station for National Agriculture Industry Technology System(CARS-44-SYZ23).
文摘[Objectives]In Tibet,the efficiency of beekeeping industry is low,the abundant nectariferous plants and the non-polluting natural ecological environment are not fully utilized,the pollination of rapeseed and other insect-based crops is insufficient,and benefits are not brought by beekeeping.[Methods]In response to these problems,Italian bees were first introduced since 2004,and combined with the special natural ecological environment of Tibet,researches on Italian bee biology,queen rearing technology,overwintering technology,and breeding management technology were carried out in high altitude areas.[Results]Through many years of effort,it has filled the gap in bee breeding technology at an altitude of about 4000 m.[Conclusions]It is expected to provide a new pillar industry for Tibetan farmers and herdsmen to increase production and income.
文摘Shea tree is a major economic plant contributing to household income through the sale of edible fruits, kernels and shea butter. Shea butter is used industrially in the production of cosmetic products, chocolates and margarines. Fruits are used by human and also by birds. This study aimed to explore strategies for the improvement of shea yield through pollination. Two types of pollination (manual and natural pollination) were applied for the comparison of fruits set and their ripening. The fruits set and ripening index as well as average weight of ripe fruits and kernels were estimated. The results showed a significant difference between the fruits set Index of manual pollination and natural pollination (H(1) = 33.437, p = 7.361 × 10<sup>-9</sup>). Similarly, there was a significant difference between the ripening Index of manual pollination and natural pollination (H(1) = 4.5113, p = 0.03367). However, the mode of pollination did not influence the weight of ripe fruits and kernels. Therefore, the manual pollination enhances pollen supply to receptive stigmas for fertilization and improved fruit yield in Vitellaria paradoxa.
文摘Efficient honey production requires knowledge about the behavior of the workers and the parameters that influence the strength of the colony. In this study, the objective was to analyze the interaction between the foraging behavior of worker honeybees and pollen storage levels in Africanized honeybees colonies. Colonies with low pollen storage increased pollen intake rates, but this value was 15% lower than colonies with high pollen storage, demonstrating a direct relationship between the pollen storage levels and foraging activity. The difference in pollen intake rates varied according to the number of foraging honeybees and pollen load collected by each individual. Under both high and low pollen storage, colonies returned pollen storage to initial level within 16 days, suggesting that honeybees regulate pollen storage levels around a homeostatic set point. Relationship between pollen storage levels and colony brood production was also found, indicating how alterations in the behavior of each individual can affect the strength of the colony.
文摘Arsi zone is one of the Oromia regional state’s zones with high potential of honey and bees wax production and where there was dissemination of modern beehives. This research was initiated with objectives of quantifying adoption rate of modern beehives and its determinant factors and drawing policy implication for further extension of the technology. The study was conducted in seven districts of Arsi zone and 251 rural beekeepers were interviewed. The average productivity of the modern beehives and local beehives was found to be 19.77 kg/hive and 5.13 kg/hive. The total number of local bee hives possessed by interviewed beekeepers was found to be 1201 while that of modern beehives was found to be 279 hives which shows that the adoption rate is low and if we increase the adoption rate by 50%, the amount of honey harvest will increases by 11,862 kg which is about 5700 kg more than the total honey beekeepers can get from keeping the whole 1201 local hives. Chemical application (herbicides and pesticides), bee predators, lack of knowledge and skill on modern beehives, lack of modern beehive accessories, lack of bee forage and lack of capital were major beekeeping bottlenecks. The result of binary Logit model revealed that the main determinants of adoption are farmyard size, number of local hives beekeepers possessed, training provided, participation on demonstration, wealth status of beekeepers, and participation of beekeepers on nonfarm income sources. Provision of different information towards increasing or improving the saving capacity or culture of beekeepers, provision of adequate and relevant agricultural extension services (such as training on modern beekeeping technologies and experience sharing among beekeepers), provision of credit services to widen the financial bases of poor beekeepers and facilitating access to modern beehives and its accessories especially honey extractor and wax stumper which can increase beehives productivity were the recommendation that was drawn from the output of this research.
基金sponsored by Universitas Syiah Kuala,ministry of education and culture of republic Indonesia,Australia Awards in Indonesia(research grant 2017-2021)American association of petroleum geologists(John Teagle Memorial Grant).
文摘The Beekeeper Formation,a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic reservoir,has long been known as a proven gas reservoir in the northern Perth Basin,Australia.However,its characteristics,and spatio-temporal distribution are still not well understood.There are two main objectives of this study:(1)to identify the main cutting facies groups/subgroups,and electrofacies of the Beekeeper Formation;and(2)to understand spatio-temporal characteristics,and development of the Beekeeper Formation.Integrated multi analyses have been conducted to achieve these objectives including cutting,wireline logging,and XRF analyses.Fifteen types of cutting components,and nine electrofacies were identified forming the Beekeeper Formation.The Beekeeper Formation consists of nine facies sub-groups,and these are classified into carbonate-dominated facies group,siliciclastic-dominated facies group,and mixed carbonatesiliciclastic facies group.Furthermore,this formation can vertically be divided into three parts on the basis of the main facies groups:the lower,middle,and upper parts.The lower and upper parts consist predominantly of siliciclastic materials,while the middle part is dominated by carbonate materials.In the north of the study area,the Beekeeper Formation consists predominantly of siliciclastic materials with minor carbonate materials,whereas in the central to south it consists mainly of carbonate material with minor-moderate siliciclastic materials.Various processes have influenced the evolution of the Beekeeper Formation including influx of siliciclastic components,mixing of carbonate and siliciclastic materials,suitable environment for the growth of carbonate biotas,sea level fluctuation,and tectonic activities.It is expected that findings from this study will provide new insights into characteristics of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic reservoirs in general,and will have regional and global applicability.
