China is the worlds secondlargest consumer and largest importer of beef.With the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative and the continuous optimization of the business environment under the framework of China-CEEC ...China is the worlds secondlargest consumer and largest importer of beef.With the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative and the continuous optimization of the business environment under the framework of China-CEEC cooperation,European beef exporters have gradually opened the Chinese market.As a major agricultural country in Europe,Hungary's working with China in beef export and import is not only in line with its policy of"Eastern opening"and reducing its dependence on the Western European market,but also meets the demand for building astrong and resilient industrial chain amid global uncertainty,and helps promote the high-quality development of its agricultural trade.展开更多
In this work,one-step growth models using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)(400-1000 nm)were successfully developed in order to estimate the microbial loads,minimum growth temperature(T_(min))and maximum specific growth rate...In this work,one-step growth models using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)(400-1000 nm)were successfully developed in order to estimate the microbial loads,minimum growth temperature(T_(min))and maximum specific growth rate(μ_(max))of Brochothrix thermosphacta in chilled beef at isothermal temperatures(4-25℃).Three different methods were compared for model development,particularly using(Model Ⅰ)the predicted microbial loads from partial least squares regression of the whole spectral variables;(Model Ⅱ)the selected spectral variables related to microbial loads;and(Model Ⅲ)the first principal scores of HSI spectra by principal component analysis.Consequently,Model Ⅰ showed the best ability to predict the microbial loads of B.thermosphacta,with the coefficient of determination(R_(v)^(2))and root mean square error in internal validation(RMSEV)of 0.921 and 0.498(lg(CFU/g)).The T_(min)(-12.32℃)andμmax can be well estimated with R^(2) and root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.971 and 0.276(lg(CFU/g)),respectively.The upward trend ofμmax with temperature was similar to that of the plate count method.HSI technique thus can be used as a simple method for one-step growth simulation of B.thermosphacta in chilled beef during storage.展开更多
Background Supplementation of choline chloride in culture medium programs the preimplantation bovine embryo to increase weaning weight of the resultant calf.Here,it was hypothesized that similar programming actions of...Background Supplementation of choline chloride in culture medium programs the preimplantation bovine embryo to increase weaning weight of the resultant calf.Here,it was hypothesized that similar programming actions of choline can be induced by feeding rumen-protected choline(RPC)to beef cows during the periconceptional period.Results A preliminary experiment was conducted to determine changes in circulating concentrations of choline and its metabolites after RPC supplementation.Suckled beef cows were individually fed 0,30,60,and 90 g of RPC(i.e.,0,8.6,17.3 and 25.9 g choline chloride)and blood samples were collected at random times after feeding.There were no differences in plasma concentrations of choline or its metabolites between groups.In the second experiment,effects of feeding 60 g/d RPC from d-1 to 7 relative to timed artificial insemination were examined for suckled beef cows.Feeding RPC did not affect pregnancy or calving rates,pregnancy losses,plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins,gestation length or calf birth weight.Calves from RPC fed dams were lighter than control calves at~118 days of age(range 75–150;age included in the statistical model)and at weaning at~248 days of age.There was no effect of treatment on hip height at~118 days of age although there was a trend for RPC calves to be shorter at weaning.Weight/height ratio was lower for RPC than control at both 118 and 248 days of age.Treatment did not affect testis weight at~118 days of age.Conclusions Supplementation of RPC during the periconceptional period programmed development to alter calf phenotype in the postnatal period.The net result,reduced body weight,was the opposite of the phenotype caused by the addition of choline to embryo culture medium.展开更多
Background In this study,the effects of L-leucine(Leu)on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen epithelium development,amino acid composition,rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investig...Background In this study,the effects of L-leucine(Leu)on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen epithelium development,amino acid composition,rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investigated.Twenty-four fattening Angus females of similar initial weight(575.5±22.1 kg)were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 4 replicate pens(3 cattle per pen).They were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 6.0 g L-Leu/100 kg BW/d for 120 d.Results(1)Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acid(VFA)(P=0.017),propionate(P=0.023),isovalerate(P=0.001),and branched-chain volatile fatty acid(BCVFA)(P=0.01)at 4 h post-feeding.It also tended to increase acetate(P=0.083)and decrease the ammonia-N(NH_3-N)concentration(P=0.055),but it did not affect ruminal pH(P>0.1).Leu also increased microbial crude protein(MCP)(P=0.026)at 4 h post-feeding,but decreased MCP at 8 h post-feeding(P=0.010).(2)Supplementation with L-Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of phenylalanine(P=0.011),lysine(P=0.034),and tyrosine(P=0.033),while decreasing the cystine concentration(P=0.010).(3)Leu increased the thickness of the stratum spinosum and basal(P<0.05),while decreasing the thickness of the stratum granulosum(P<0.05).(4)Leu upregulated the relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tight junction proteins(P<0.05)and VFA absorption and metabolism(P<0.01)in the rumen epithelium.This upregulation was positively correlated with the concentrations ruminal isovalerate and BCVFA(P<0.01).(5)L-Leu did not affect the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes(P>0.05),but differential bacterial biomarkers(LEfSe,LDA>2)were either positively or negatively correlated with ruminal MCP,NH_3-N,and BCVFA concentrations(P<0.001).Additionally,differential bacterial metabolites(OPLS-DA,VIP>1.5)were primarily enriched in the amino acid metabolism pathway and the cofactors and vitamins metabolism pathway(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary supplementation with L-Leu altered rumen fermentation parameters and patterns,improved rumen epithelial morphology,and enhanced the expression of genes related to VFA absorption and metabolism in the rumen epithelium of beef cattle.展开更多
Facing the severe decline in beef cattle market prices and leveraging its status as a major cattle-raising city,Binzhou City has actively utilized the superior genetic resources of Bohai Black Cattle.The city has prog...Facing the severe decline in beef cattle market prices and leveraging its status as a major cattle-raising city,Binzhou City has actively utilized the superior genetic resources of Bohai Black Cattle.The city has progressively transitioned from small-scale cattle farming to specialized and large-scale breeding communities by collaborating with experts from national and provincial industrial technology systems including the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and Shandong Agricultural University.The breeding focus has shifted from Simmental crossbred cattle to purebred Bohai Black Cattle,hybrid cattle,Angus Cattle,and Hereford Cattle,driving the transformation and upgrading of the beef cattle industry.Emphasizing"germplasm source security",Binzhou has capitalized on the unique advantages of Bohai Black Cattle to achieve doubling in quantity,quality,and profitability of high-grade beef cattle breeds.This initiative supports ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.A Qilu Model will be established for national modern animal husbandry,further strengthening Shandong's first beef market.展开更多
In the improvement process of local yellow cattle with frozen semen of beef cattle, the cows were grouped according to different cross combinations. Then, the conception rate, dystocia rate and reproductive survival r...In the improvement process of local yellow cattle with frozen semen of beef cattle, the cows were grouped according to different cross combinations. Then, the conception rate, dystocia rate and reproductive survival rate of the cows in each group, as well as the body size and body weight of new-born calves, were ana- lyzed. The results showed that no significant differences were found in conception rate among different groups （P〉0.05）; there was no significant difference in dystocia rate between the A and C groups （P〉0.05）, but the dystocia rate in the B group was significantly different from those in the A and C groups （P〈0.05）. There were positive correlations between calf forehead width, chest circumference and the dys- tocia rate.展开更多
为优化高效、安全的冷冻牛肉新型解冻方法,维持其解冻后感官和食用品质,本研究以冷冻牛肉为试材,以传统低温解冻(4℃,相对湿度(Relative humidity,RH)65%~73%)为对照(CK),以变温高湿(2~6~2℃,RH 90%)协同四个不同低压静电场(板间距分别...为优化高效、安全的冷冻牛肉新型解冻方法,维持其解冻后感官和食用品质,本研究以冷冻牛肉为试材,以传统低温解冻(4℃,相对湿度(Relative humidity,RH)65%~73%)为对照(CK),以变温高湿(2~6~2℃,RH 90%)协同四个不同低压静电场(板间距分别为0、25、30、35 cm)解冻为处理组,分析变温高湿协同不同低压静电场解冻对牛肉解冻效果的影响,在筛选适宜的变温高湿协同低压静电场(Variable temperature and high humidity synergistic low voltage electrostatic field thawing,V-L)处理条件基础上,解析变温高湿协同低压静电场处理对牛肉解冻后蛋白氧化的影响。结果表明,变温高湿协同不同低压静电场处理对牛肉解冻均有一定的效果,其中变温高湿协同V-L 30静电场解冻效果最好,与CK相比,其解冻时间缩短了27.30%,汁液流失率降低了25.21%,a*值提高了7.75%,丙二醛含量降低了36.17%;变温高湿协同低压静电场解冻处理有利于维持牛肉的肌原纤维结构,显著减缓其蛋白交联降解程度,使羰基含量降低50%,巯基含量增加38.40%,同时抑制了牛肉蛋白氧化变性,使其保持较高的变性温度和变性热焓。该结果为生产中牛肉解冻技术的优化升级提供了新思路,为其应用推广提供了科学依据。展开更多
文摘China is the worlds secondlargest consumer and largest importer of beef.With the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative and the continuous optimization of the business environment under the framework of China-CEEC cooperation,European beef exporters have gradually opened the Chinese market.As a major agricultural country in Europe,Hungary's working with China in beef export and import is not only in line with its policy of"Eastern opening"and reducing its dependence on the Western European market,but also meets the demand for building astrong and resilient industrial chain amid global uncertainty,and helps promote the high-quality development of its agricultural trade.
基金supported by Key Research&Development Program of Jiangsu Province in China(BE2020693)Major Project of Science and Technology of Anhui Province(201903a06020010)+1 种基金Joint Key Project of Science and Technology Innovation of Yangtze River Delta in Anhui Province(202004g01020009)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘In this work,one-step growth models using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)(400-1000 nm)were successfully developed in order to estimate the microbial loads,minimum growth temperature(T_(min))and maximum specific growth rate(μ_(max))of Brochothrix thermosphacta in chilled beef at isothermal temperatures(4-25℃).Three different methods were compared for model development,particularly using(Model Ⅰ)the predicted microbial loads from partial least squares regression of the whole spectral variables;(Model Ⅱ)the selected spectral variables related to microbial loads;and(Model Ⅲ)the first principal scores of HSI spectra by principal component analysis.Consequently,Model Ⅰ showed the best ability to predict the microbial loads of B.thermosphacta,with the coefficient of determination(R_(v)^(2))and root mean square error in internal validation(RMSEV)of 0.921 and 0.498(lg(CFU/g)).The T_(min)(-12.32℃)andμmax can be well estimated with R^(2) and root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.971 and 0.276(lg(CFU/g)),respectively.The upward trend ofμmax with temperature was similar to that of the plate count method.HSI technique thus can be used as a simple method for one-step growth simulation of B.thermosphacta in chilled beef during storage.
基金supported by the L.E.“Red”Larson Endowment and grants number 2020-67015-30821 and 2023-67015-40730 from the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of USDA-NIFAsupported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan。
文摘Background Supplementation of choline chloride in culture medium programs the preimplantation bovine embryo to increase weaning weight of the resultant calf.Here,it was hypothesized that similar programming actions of choline can be induced by feeding rumen-protected choline(RPC)to beef cows during the periconceptional period.Results A preliminary experiment was conducted to determine changes in circulating concentrations of choline and its metabolites after RPC supplementation.Suckled beef cows were individually fed 0,30,60,and 90 g of RPC(i.e.,0,8.6,17.3 and 25.9 g choline chloride)and blood samples were collected at random times after feeding.There were no differences in plasma concentrations of choline or its metabolites between groups.In the second experiment,effects of feeding 60 g/d RPC from d-1 to 7 relative to timed artificial insemination were examined for suckled beef cows.Feeding RPC did not affect pregnancy or calving rates,pregnancy losses,plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins,gestation length or calf birth weight.Calves from RPC fed dams were lighter than control calves at~118 days of age(range 75–150;age included in the statistical model)and at weaning at~248 days of age.There was no effect of treatment on hip height at~118 days of age although there was a trend for RPC calves to be shorter at weaning.Weight/height ratio was lower for RPC than control at both 118 and 248 days of age.Treatment did not affect testis weight at~118 days of age.Conclusions Supplementation of RPC during the periconceptional period programmed development to alter calf phenotype in the postnatal period.The net result,reduced body weight,was the opposite of the phenotype caused by the addition of choline to embryo culture medium.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2022YFD1301101-1)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172758)Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia(Grant No.2024BBF01008)。
文摘Background In this study,the effects of L-leucine(Leu)on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen epithelium development,amino acid composition,rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investigated.Twenty-four fattening Angus females of similar initial weight(575.5±22.1 kg)were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 4 replicate pens(3 cattle per pen).They were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 6.0 g L-Leu/100 kg BW/d for 120 d.Results(1)Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acid(VFA)(P=0.017),propionate(P=0.023),isovalerate(P=0.001),and branched-chain volatile fatty acid(BCVFA)(P=0.01)at 4 h post-feeding.It also tended to increase acetate(P=0.083)and decrease the ammonia-N(NH_3-N)concentration(P=0.055),but it did not affect ruminal pH(P>0.1).Leu also increased microbial crude protein(MCP)(P=0.026)at 4 h post-feeding,but decreased MCP at 8 h post-feeding(P=0.010).(2)Supplementation with L-Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of phenylalanine(P=0.011),lysine(P=0.034),and tyrosine(P=0.033),while decreasing the cystine concentration(P=0.010).(3)Leu increased the thickness of the stratum spinosum and basal(P<0.05),while decreasing the thickness of the stratum granulosum(P<0.05).(4)Leu upregulated the relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tight junction proteins(P<0.05)and VFA absorption and metabolism(P<0.01)in the rumen epithelium.This upregulation was positively correlated with the concentrations ruminal isovalerate and BCVFA(P<0.01).(5)L-Leu did not affect the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes(P>0.05),but differential bacterial biomarkers(LEfSe,LDA>2)were either positively or negatively correlated with ruminal MCP,NH_3-N,and BCVFA concentrations(P<0.001).Additionally,differential bacterial metabolites(OPLS-DA,VIP>1.5)were primarily enriched in the amino acid metabolism pathway and the cofactors and vitamins metabolism pathway(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary supplementation with L-Leu altered rumen fermentation parameters and patterns,improved rumen epithelial morphology,and enhanced the expression of genes related to VFA absorption and metabolism in the rumen epithelium of beef cattle.
基金Supported by Binzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Project of Pasture Industry Technology System in Shandong Province(SDAIT-23-10).
文摘Facing the severe decline in beef cattle market prices and leveraging its status as a major cattle-raising city,Binzhou City has actively utilized the superior genetic resources of Bohai Black Cattle.The city has progressively transitioned from small-scale cattle farming to specialized and large-scale breeding communities by collaborating with experts from national and provincial industrial technology systems including the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and Shandong Agricultural University.The breeding focus has shifted from Simmental crossbred cattle to purebred Bohai Black Cattle,hybrid cattle,Angus Cattle,and Hereford Cattle,driving the transformation and upgrading of the beef cattle industry.Emphasizing"germplasm source security",Binzhou has capitalized on the unique advantages of Bohai Black Cattle to achieve doubling in quantity,quality,and profitability of high-grade beef cattle breeds.This initiative supports ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.A Qilu Model will be established for national modern animal husbandry,further strengthening Shandong's first beef market.
文摘In the improvement process of local yellow cattle with frozen semen of beef cattle, the cows were grouped according to different cross combinations. Then, the conception rate, dystocia rate and reproductive survival rate of the cows in each group, as well as the body size and body weight of new-born calves, were ana- lyzed. The results showed that no significant differences were found in conception rate among different groups （P〉0.05）; there was no significant difference in dystocia rate between the A and C groups （P〉0.05）, but the dystocia rate in the B group was significantly different from those in the A and C groups （P〈0.05）. There were positive correlations between calf forehead width, chest circumference and the dys- tocia rate.
文摘为优化高效、安全的冷冻牛肉新型解冻方法,维持其解冻后感官和食用品质,本研究以冷冻牛肉为试材,以传统低温解冻(4℃,相对湿度(Relative humidity,RH)65%~73%)为对照(CK),以变温高湿(2~6~2℃,RH 90%)协同四个不同低压静电场(板间距分别为0、25、30、35 cm)解冻为处理组,分析变温高湿协同不同低压静电场解冻对牛肉解冻效果的影响,在筛选适宜的变温高湿协同低压静电场(Variable temperature and high humidity synergistic low voltage electrostatic field thawing,V-L)处理条件基础上,解析变温高湿协同低压静电场处理对牛肉解冻后蛋白氧化的影响。结果表明,变温高湿协同不同低压静电场处理对牛肉解冻均有一定的效果,其中变温高湿协同V-L 30静电场解冻效果最好,与CK相比,其解冻时间缩短了27.30%,汁液流失率降低了25.21%,a*值提高了7.75%,丙二醛含量降低了36.17%;变温高湿协同低压静电场解冻处理有利于维持牛肉的肌原纤维结构,显著减缓其蛋白交联降解程度,使羰基含量降低50%,巯基含量增加38.40%,同时抑制了牛肉蛋白氧化变性,使其保持较高的变性温度和变性热焓。该结果为生产中牛肉解冻技术的优化升级提供了新思路,为其应用推广提供了科学依据。
