Crack control of basement roof slab is a key technical challenge to ensure building safety and durability.Based on the requirements of“General Specification for Concrete Structures”(GB55008-2021),this paper systemat...Crack control of basement roof slab is a key technical challenge to ensure building safety and durability.Based on the requirements of“General Specification for Concrete Structures”(GB55008-2021),this paper systematically analyses the causes of cracks,and puts forward a whole-process prevention and control system covering design optimization,low-shrinkage material proportioning,fine control of construction technology,and dynamic monitoring and repair.Through structural finite element simulation,wireless sensor network real-time monitoring,and carbon fibre fabric reinforcement test,the effectiveness of the multi-technology synergistic control framework is verified,and the engineering cases show that the crack width after repair is stable within 0.1mm,and the bearing capacity is increased by more than 30%.The study provides theoretical support for crack prevention and control in super-long underground projects,and looks forward to the direction of integration application of BIM technology and intelligent materials.展开更多
With the rapid development of heavy haul railway transportation technology,tunnel foundation defects and their effects on structural performance have attracted wide attention.This paper systematically investigates the...With the rapid development of heavy haul railway transportation technology,tunnel foundation defects and their effects on structural performance have attracted wide attention.This paper systematically investigates the evolution mechanism of tun-nel foundation defects in heavy haul railway tunnels and their impact on structural stiffness degradation through experiments and numerical simulations.A heavy haul train-ballasted track-tunnel basement-surround rock dynamic interaction model(TTTR model)is constructed.Firstly,the study reveals the four-stage evolution process of initial defects in the tunnel base-ment under complex environmental conditions.Experiments were conducted to measure the load-bearing capacity and stiff-ness degradation of the tunnel basement structure under different defect states.It is found that foundation defects,especially under the coupling of loose fill in the basement with the water-rich environment of the surrounding rock,significantly reduce the stiffness of the tunnel bottom structure and increase the risk of structural damage.Then,based on refined simulation of wheel-rail interaction and multi-scale coupled modeling technology,the TTTR dynamic interaction model was successfully constructed,and its validity was proven through numerical validation.A time-varying coupling technique of constrained boundary substructures(CBS technique)was adopted,significantly improving computational efficiency while ensuring calculation accuracy.The study also analyzes the effects of different degrees of void defects on the dynamic behavior of the train and the dynamic characteristics of the tunnel structure.It finds that foundation defects have a significant impact on the train’s operational state,track vibration displacement,and vibration stress of the tunnel lining structure,especially under the coupling effect of basement voids and the water-rich environment,which has the greatest impact.The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the maintenance and reinforcement of tunnel foundation structures.展开更多
The basement was located at the bottom of the building,which not only affected the quality of the whole construction project but also had special requirements for construction technology and construction requirements....The basement was located at the bottom of the building,which not only affected the quality of the whole construction project but also had special requirements for construction technology and construction requirements.In modern times,with the increasing height of the building,the pressure on the ground has grown,and the demands for basements in construction projects have also steadily increased.With the development of modern technology,various construction techniques for basements emerged within the construction industry.Thus,this paper analyses the type of basement floor construction technologies,highlighting the application of these methods,and points out critical issues to consider.By examining frequent basement leakage problems,the paper proposed several measures to improve the quality if basement construction,aiming to better protect the service life of the building and further improve overall quality,and offering valuable insights for future projects.展开更多
This study is concerned with the identification and delineation of aquiferous zones for potential groundwater development across Bulawayo Metropolitan from remotely sensed data and geological inference. Attempts have ...This study is concerned with the identification and delineation of aquiferous zones for potential groundwater development across Bulawayo Metropolitan from remotely sensed data and geological inference. Attempts have been made to review literatures on groundwater exploitation in the study area and the constraints to effective and sustainable management of underground water in the study area. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is useful in the recognition and delineation of aquiferous zones for potential groundwater in crystalline basement aquifers. LANDSAT ETM+ image, SRTM data, aeromagnetic data and other ancillary data sets were utilized to extract information on the groundwater storing controlling features of this study area. Six thematic maps were produced from remote sensing data and other ancillary data—Land use/landcover, drainage density, slope map, contact density, lithology and lineament density. GIS modeling technique of the index overlay method was used to produce the groundwater potential map. The study revealed that the regional lineaments correlate with faults, fracture zones, and lithological contrasts along fold belts in the crystalline basement rocks, while the main direction of faulting and jointing is north-north-west to north with several faults oriented, to the north-north-east, parallel to the Great Dyke. Proximity to lineaments is the highest zone of increased porosity and permeability which in turn have a greater chance of accumulating groundwater. The results have shown massive spatial variability of ground water potential ranging from very good to poor. The variability closely followed variations in the structures, geology, topography/slope, drainage density and land use/land cover in the project area. This work is a reconnaissance which needs to be validated by the use of high-resolution terrain data and satellite imagery and the quantitative analysis should be done using geophysical and hydrogeological surveys.展开更多
Based on the global basement reservoir database and the dissection of basement reservoirs in China,the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in basement reservoirs are analyzed,and the favorable conditions for h...Based on the global basement reservoir database and the dissection of basement reservoirs in China,the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in basement reservoirs are analyzed,and the favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation in deep basement reservoirs are investigated to highlight the exploration targets.The discovered basement reservoirs worldwide are mainly buried in the Archean and Precambrian granitic and metamorphic formations with depths less than 4500 m,and the relatively large reservoirs have been found in rift,back-arc and foreland basins in tectonic active zones of the Meso-Cenozoic plates.The hydrocarbon accumulation in basement reservoirs exhibits the characteristics in three aspects.First,the porous-fractured reservoirs with low porosity and ultra-low permeability are dominant,where extensive hydrocarbon accumulation occurred during the weathering denudation and later tectonic reworking of the basin basement.High resistance to compaction allows the physical properties of these highly heterogeneous reservoirs to be independent of the buried depth.Second,the hydrocarbons were sourced from the formations outside the basement.The source-reservoir assemblages are divided into contacted source rock-basement and separated source rock-basement patterns.Third,the abnormal high pressure in the source rock and the normal–low pressure in the basement reservoirs cause a large pressure difference between the source rock and the reservoirs,which is conducive to the pumping effect of hydrocarbons in the deep basement.The deep basement prospects are mainly evaluated by the factors such as tectonic activity of basement,source-reservoir combination,development of large deep faults(especially strike-slip faults),and regional seals.The Precambrian crystalline basements at the margin of the intracontinental rifts in cratonic basins,as well as the Paleozoic folded basements and the Meso-Cenozoic fault-block basements adjacent to the hydrocarbon generation depressions,have favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation,and thus they are considered as the main targets for future exploration of deep basement reservoirs.展开更多
The Songliao Basin(SLB)covers an area of approximately 260,000 km2in northeastern Asia and preserves a continuous and complete Cretaceous terrestrial record(Wang et al.,2021).The region is the most important petrolife...The Songliao Basin(SLB)covers an area of approximately 260,000 km2in northeastern Asia and preserves a continuous and complete Cretaceous terrestrial record(Wang et al.,2021).The region is the most important petroliferous sedimentary basin in China because of its continual annual oil and gas equivalent production of tens of millions of tons(ca.220–440 million barrels per year)since 1959.The SLB was previously thought to have developed on Hercynian basement and accumulated continuous sedimentary deposits during the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous(Wan et al.,2013;Wang et al.,2016).展开更多
In this study,we report for thefirst time an Early Palaeozoic basement diorite from the drilled well Nirona-A in the Banni Half-Graben of the Kutch basin,western India.The 40Ar–39Ar dates provided a plateau age of 441...In this study,we report for thefirst time an Early Palaeozoic basement diorite from the drilled well Nirona-A in the Banni Half-Graben of the Kutch basin,western India.The 40Ar–39Ar dates provided a plateau age of 441.84±2.66 Ma and another pseudo plateau of 441.28±5.82 to 388.08±16.65 Ma for the basement diorite.These ages constrain the basement formation age to the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian period.The obtained basement ages are correlatable with the later part of Cambro-Ordovician alkaline magmatism that has been reported from the Huqf area in Central Oman,whereas their lithological and petrographic correlativity with base-ment diorites occurring in the Dinsi Body of Nagar Parkar igneous complex in Pakistan can also be envisaged.The geochemical studies characterized the diorite with enrich-ment of LILE(Rb,Ba,and K)and LREE(La,Ce,Nd),strong depletion of HFSE(Nb,Sr,P,and Ti),along with weakly negative Eu anomalies.The geochemical signatures indicate their petrogenetic affiliation with mantle-derived magmas,as well as their tectonic setting to be arc-related,having post-collisional continental-arc type affinity.The*440 Ma basement of Kutch,therefore,appears to rep-resent the later thermal event associated with the reworked Neoproterozoic subduction-related suite from Greater India’s northwest edge,which has implications for Gond-wana assembly in the northwest Indian subcontinent.展开更多
Introduction: Located in the central-western part of Côte d’Ivoire, the subsoil of the Gagnoa region is made up of sedimentary volcano formations and granitoids with developed fracturing. This complex Precambria...Introduction: Located in the central-western part of Côte d’Ivoire, the subsoil of the Gagnoa region is made up of sedimentary volcano formations and granitoids with developed fracturing. This complex Precambrian basement contains most of the region’s water resources. This is at the origin of the high failure rate during the various hydrogeological prospecting campaigns. Methodology: The database consists of resistivities from 42 holes and 51 trails drilled as part of the implementation of high-throughput drilling in the study area. The objective of this study is to deepen the knowledge of the fissured basement by interpreting profile curves and electrical soundings. It will be a question of classifying the different types of anomalies obtained on the profiles and their shapes. The orientation of the lineaments observed on the profiles was determined. Results: The interpretation of the geophysical data revealed various anomalies, the main ones being of the CC (Conductor Compartment) and CEDP (Contact between two bearings) types. These types of anomalies are mainly expressed in various forms: the “V”, “W” and “U” shapes. From these anomalies and the appearance of the electrical profiles, lineaments and their orientations were identified with N90-100, N130-140, N170-180 as major orientations. Conclusion: These results could contribute to a better understanding of the fractured environment of the Gagnoa region.展开更多
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid(OCP)is a subcategory of mucous membrane pemphigoid(MMP)where the conjunctiva is the main site of inflammation.It is a chronic and autoimmune disease characterized by acute and chronic con...Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid(OCP)is a subcategory of mucous membrane pemphigoid(MMP)where the conjunctiva is the main site of inflammation.It is a chronic and autoimmune disease characterized by acute and chronic conjunctivitis that can progress to severe conjunctival cicatrization,corneal opacification,ocular surface keratinization,and eyelid abnormalities.OCP can lead to structural damage that can result in visual impairment,visual loss,and blindness,and can have a significant impact in a patient’s quality of life.Patients may manifest with varying symptoms,degrees of severity and may have different rates of progression.Early diagnosis and appropriate systemic immunosuppression are of utmost importance for prompt and adequate disease control.Various systemic immunomodulatory therapies(IMTs),including anti-metabolites,alkylating,and biologic agents have been utilized to achieve inflammation control and remission.Careful monitoring of disease progression is important to assess response and to modify and escalate therapy if needed.Treatment to alleviate symptoms of dry eye disease and address trichiasis and other eyelid abnormalities is recommended as well.A multidisciplinary approach to optimize clinical care is recommended in the management of patients with OCP.This review will address the immunopathogenesis,clinical features,keys to diagnosis and staging of patients with OCP.It will highlight the current immunomodulators utilized for disease management and proposed stepladder strategies.This review will discuss the updated roles of combination therapy,novel use of biologics as well as the recent use of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)analog in severe recalcitrant cases.展开更多
Water is an essential element for all forms of life. The quantity and quality of water are a problem in places. In Kouba Adougoul and its surroundings in south guera, water-related health problems are reported. That i...Water is an essential element for all forms of life. The quantity and quality of water are a problem in places. In Kouba Adougoul and its surroundings in south guera, water-related health problems are reported. That is why this study focuses on the quality of water in the basement areas, of Kouba Adougoul. Our objective is to contribute to a better understanding of water of human consumption in these areas for this, we carried out a physicochemical and bacteriological control on a number water point. Ten water points were collected during May 2022 for analysis. To achieve this objective, we made the in-situ analysis of physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature. These measurements were made using the multi-parameter kit. The result shows that, the water temperatures vary from 24.4˚C to 27.4˚C proving that the waters are from deep depths. For the use of these waters, it is necessary to take certain precautions. The pH values varied between 6.15 and 7.78, an average of 6.77 giving some waters an aggressive character. It was low mineralized, with electrical conductivity averages ranging from 182.1 to 2100 μS/cm−1 an average of 586.36 μS/cm−1. For the chemical parameters, it is by hydrometric titration that the content of the ions was determined. The determination of the various coliforms in these waters was carried out by its various methods which led to detecting that the waters of Kouba Adougoul are turbid, and present high proportions of nitrates, iron and ammonium. The presence of pathogenic germs, such as total coliforms and thermo-tolerant coliforms in these waters, has been demonstrated. For their consumption, these waters deserve treatment beforehand. In the study area, the anthropogenic activities are considered the most serious sources of groundwater.展开更多
Seafloor extension and associated rifting in the North Atlantic Area, which started in Early Paleogene (from −62 Ma), resulted in a few micro-continents being isolated and submerged below sea levels. Published isotopi...Seafloor extension and associated rifting in the North Atlantic Area, which started in Early Paleogene (from −62 Ma), resulted in a few micro-continents being isolated and submerged below sea levels. Published isotopic data for sunken offshore continental materials (basement) in the North Atlantic area are quite sparse, but a few do exist for the Rockall Plateau, or more precisely the Rockall Bank. Isotopic data for Early Paleogene basaltic materials, covering basement rocks of the Rockall Plateau, have hitherto only been publicised for the NW margin of the Hatton bank. The Early Paleogene basaltic archipelago of the Faroe Islands, on which some isotopic data do exist, rests on an ancient sunken continental crust of unknown geochemical and isotopic compositions. The objective of this contribution is to assess potential lead isotopic relationships between the Rockall Plateau and the Faroese sub-basaltic basement, based on the sparse available isotopic data existing for the former and using available isotopic data for slightly contaminated Faroese basaltic rocks. The results reached in this contribution point to a likely association between the Faroese sub-basaltic basement and the basement of the Rockall Bank and hence the Rockall Plateau and potentially also between Faroese basaltic rocks and contemporaneous counterparts from the Hatton Bank.展开更多
Episodes of tectonic activities since Archaean time in one of the oldest craton,the eastern Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia,have left a complex pattern in the architectural settings.Insights of the crustal scale a...Episodes of tectonic activities since Archaean time in one of the oldest craton,the eastern Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia,have left a complex pattern in the architectural settings.Insights of the crustal scale architectural settings of the Craton have been made through geophysical data modelling and imaging using high resolution aeromagnetic and Bouguer gravity data.The advanced technique of image processing using pseudocolour composition,hill-shading and the multiple data layers compilation in the hue,saturation and intensity(HSI)space has been used for image based analysis of potential field data.Geophysical methods of anomaly enhancement technique along with the imaging technique are used to delineate several regional and as well as local structures.Multiscale analysis in geophysical data processing with the application of varying upward continuation levels,and also anomaly enhancement techniques using spatial derivatives are used delineating major shear zones and regional scale structures.A suitable data based interpretation of basement architecture of the study area is given.展开更多
Based on the data of seismic reflection, seismic refraction and magnetism collected in the research area and geology obtained from adjacent areas, this paper deals with the issue of basement constitution of the southe...Based on the data of seismic reflection, seismic refraction and magnetism collected in the research area and geology obtained from adjacent areas, this paper deals with the issue of basement constitution of the southern part of the Okinawa Trough. In the shelf basin of the East China Sea, Taiwan folded belt and Ryukyu Islands folded belt which surround the trough, outcrop Later Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Eogene strata. In the southern trough, multichannel seismic reflection data indicate that the overlying strata are composed of Neogene and Quaternary deposits, and the acoustic basement consists of Eogent and even older strata. Seismic refraction profiles show that there are Eogene and Mesozoic velocity layers with longitudinal velocities of 4.7 - 5.3 km/s and 6.3 km/s respectively beneath the Quaternary-Miocene Layers. Qualitative analysis and forward and reversed calculation of magnetic data show that the magnetic basement is mainly formed by metamorphic rocks, the Yanshanian neutral-acid magmatic rocks and the Himalayan neutral-basic magmatic rocks being the next components, and the magnetic basement is mostly corresponding to the acoustic basement. Comprehensive analyses demonstrate that the basement of the southern Okinawa Trough is mainly formed by Eogene system and Mesozoic and Upper Paleozoic groups metamorphosed in varying degrees, and the basic magmatic rocks of Himalayan epoch have been formed in some parts of the basin.展开更多
Bioprinting is a widely used technique for creating three-dimensional,complex,and heterogeneous artificial tissue constructs that are biologically and biophysically similar to natural tissues.The skin is composed of s...Bioprinting is a widely used technique for creating three-dimensional,complex,and heterogeneous artificial tissue constructs that are biologically and biophysically similar to natural tissues.The skin is composed of several layers including the epidermis,basement membrane(BM),and dermis.However,the unique undulating structure of basement membranes(i.e.rete ridges)and the function of BM have not been extensively studied in the fabrication of engineered skin substitutes.In this study,a novel engineered skin substitute incorporating an artificially designed rete ridge(i.e.mogul-shape)was developed using bioprinting and bioinks prepared using collagen and fibrinogen.To mimic the structure of the rete ridges of skin tissue,we developed a modified bioprinting technique,controlling rheological property of bioink to create a mogul-shaped layer.In vitro cellular activities,including the expression of specific genes(those encoding vimentin,laminin-5,collagen IV,and cytokeratins),demonstrated that the engineered skin substitute exhibited more potent cellular responses than the normally bioprinted control owing to the favorable biophysical BM structure and the bioink microenvironment.Additionally,the feasibility of utilizing the bioprinted skin-structure was evaluated in a mouse model,and in vivo results demonstrated that the bioprinted skin substitutes effectively promoted wound healing capabilities.Based on these results,we suggest that bioprinted skin tissues and the bioprinting technique for mimicking rete ridges can be used not only as potential lab-chip models for testing cosmetic materials and drugs,but also as complex physiological models for understanding human skin.展开更多
Not many 17‑year‑old girls know how to join two pipes together or light the pilot light.These are skills I have learned over the past five years as an assistant to my plumber dad.This summer job demands an attitude of...Not many 17‑year‑old girls know how to join two pipes together or light the pilot light.These are skills I have learned over the past five years as an assistant to my plumber dad.This summer job demands an attitude of perseverance and grace that I frequently struggle to adopt.Each humid morning,my dad and I drag awkward and heavy toolboxes into people's dark and damp basements where I usually get lost in mazes of storage boxes.Nevertheless,I stick to it.I am the plumber's daughter and helper.展开更多
There is significant debate concerning the tectonic characteristics and evolutionary understanding of the South China Block(SCB)during the Early Mesozoic.One of the key points of contention is the tectonic-magmatic ac...There is significant debate concerning the tectonic characteristics and evolutionary understanding of the South China Block(SCB)during the Early Mesozoic.One of the key points of contention is the tectonic-magmatic activity during the Triassic and its dynamic mechanisms.However,research on the detailed chronology and tectonic settings of granite plutons in key regions remains insuffi-cient,limiting the understanding of the tectonic-magmatic dynamic mechanisms in the interior of SCB during the Triassic.In this contribution,we present whole-rock major and trace elemental data,Sr-Nd isotope data,LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age dating,and Lu-Hf isotope data for granites of Dashenshan pluton in the Xiangzhong,northwest part of SCB.The results indicate that the Dashenshan granite has an emplacement age of 208.4-212.5 Ma,characterized by high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O,and K_(2)O contents and low MgO and CaO.The Dashenshan granite is enriched in light rare-earth elements with a significant negative Eu anomaly(averageδEu=0.42).It is also enriched in Rb,K,and Th and shows pronounced depletion in Nb,Ta,and Ti,classifying it as peraluminous calc-alkaline granite,specifically of the I-type.The zircon ε_(Hf(t)) values range from−8.39 to−4.4,with an average of−5.82,and the Sr-Nd isotopes are relatively enriched[ε_(Nd)(t)=−9.31 to−6.8].Combining these geochemical characteristics,it is revealed that the Dashenshan granite was derived from the partial melting of middle to upper crustal metamorphic basement materials under medium-to low-temperature conditions,with possible minor contributions from mantle-derived materials.Furthermore,it underwent fractional crystallization,including plagioclase differentiation.By integrating the geochemical features and spatial distribution of Triassic granites in SCB,this study suggests that the regional tectonic evolution of SCB during the Triassic was primarily controlled by the collision of the SCB with the Indochina Block and the North China Block.In Xiangzhong,the tectonic setting transitioned from syn-collisional compression to post-collisional extension during the Late Triassic.The Dashenshan pluton formed in a post-collisional extensional setting,resulting from the decompression melting of middle-to-upper crustal rocks.The upwelling of the asthenosphere and upward heat transfer likely played a significant role in the formation of the Dashenshan granitic magma.展开更多
文摘Crack control of basement roof slab is a key technical challenge to ensure building safety and durability.Based on the requirements of“General Specification for Concrete Structures”(GB55008-2021),this paper systematically analyses the causes of cracks,and puts forward a whole-process prevention and control system covering design optimization,low-shrinkage material proportioning,fine control of construction technology,and dynamic monitoring and repair.Through structural finite element simulation,wireless sensor network real-time monitoring,and carbon fibre fabric reinforcement test,the effectiveness of the multi-technology synergistic control framework is verified,and the engineering cases show that the crack width after repair is stable within 0.1mm,and the bearing capacity is increased by more than 30%.The study provides theoretical support for crack prevention and control in super-long underground projects,and looks forward to the direction of integration application of BIM technology and intelligent materials.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52178402 & 52378468)the Open Foundation of MOE Key Laboratory of Engineering Structures of Heavy Haul Railway (Central South University) (Grant No. 2022JZZ01)+1 种基金the National Engineering Research Center for High-Speed Railway Construction Technology for their project supportthe support from the MOE Key Laboratory of Engineering Structure of Heavy Haul Railway (Central South University)
文摘With the rapid development of heavy haul railway transportation technology,tunnel foundation defects and their effects on structural performance have attracted wide attention.This paper systematically investigates the evolution mechanism of tun-nel foundation defects in heavy haul railway tunnels and their impact on structural stiffness degradation through experiments and numerical simulations.A heavy haul train-ballasted track-tunnel basement-surround rock dynamic interaction model(TTTR model)is constructed.Firstly,the study reveals the four-stage evolution process of initial defects in the tunnel base-ment under complex environmental conditions.Experiments were conducted to measure the load-bearing capacity and stiff-ness degradation of the tunnel basement structure under different defect states.It is found that foundation defects,especially under the coupling of loose fill in the basement with the water-rich environment of the surrounding rock,significantly reduce the stiffness of the tunnel bottom structure and increase the risk of structural damage.Then,based on refined simulation of wheel-rail interaction and multi-scale coupled modeling technology,the TTTR dynamic interaction model was successfully constructed,and its validity was proven through numerical validation.A time-varying coupling technique of constrained boundary substructures(CBS technique)was adopted,significantly improving computational efficiency while ensuring calculation accuracy.The study also analyzes the effects of different degrees of void defects on the dynamic behavior of the train and the dynamic characteristics of the tunnel structure.It finds that foundation defects have a significant impact on the train’s operational state,track vibration displacement,and vibration stress of the tunnel lining structure,especially under the coupling effect of basement voids and the water-rich environment,which has the greatest impact.The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the maintenance and reinforcement of tunnel foundation structures.
文摘The basement was located at the bottom of the building,which not only affected the quality of the whole construction project but also had special requirements for construction technology and construction requirements.In modern times,with the increasing height of the building,the pressure on the ground has grown,and the demands for basements in construction projects have also steadily increased.With the development of modern technology,various construction techniques for basements emerged within the construction industry.Thus,this paper analyses the type of basement floor construction technologies,highlighting the application of these methods,and points out critical issues to consider.By examining frequent basement leakage problems,the paper proposed several measures to improve the quality if basement construction,aiming to better protect the service life of the building and further improve overall quality,and offering valuable insights for future projects.
文摘This study is concerned with the identification and delineation of aquiferous zones for potential groundwater development across Bulawayo Metropolitan from remotely sensed data and geological inference. Attempts have been made to review literatures on groundwater exploitation in the study area and the constraints to effective and sustainable management of underground water in the study area. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is useful in the recognition and delineation of aquiferous zones for potential groundwater in crystalline basement aquifers. LANDSAT ETM+ image, SRTM data, aeromagnetic data and other ancillary data sets were utilized to extract information on the groundwater storing controlling features of this study area. Six thematic maps were produced from remote sensing data and other ancillary data—Land use/landcover, drainage density, slope map, contact density, lithology and lineament density. GIS modeling technique of the index overlay method was used to produce the groundwater potential map. The study revealed that the regional lineaments correlate with faults, fracture zones, and lithological contrasts along fold belts in the crystalline basement rocks, while the main direction of faulting and jointing is north-north-west to north with several faults oriented, to the north-north-east, parallel to the Great Dyke. Proximity to lineaments is the highest zone of increased porosity and permeability which in turn have a greater chance of accumulating groundwater. The results have shown massive spatial variability of ground water potential ranging from very good to poor. The variability closely followed variations in the structures, geology, topography/slope, drainage density and land use/land cover in the project area. This work is a reconnaissance which needs to be validated by the use of high-resolution terrain data and satellite imagery and the quantitative analysis should be done using geophysical and hydrogeological surveys.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2021DJ02).
文摘Based on the global basement reservoir database and the dissection of basement reservoirs in China,the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in basement reservoirs are analyzed,and the favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation in deep basement reservoirs are investigated to highlight the exploration targets.The discovered basement reservoirs worldwide are mainly buried in the Archean and Precambrian granitic and metamorphic formations with depths less than 4500 m,and the relatively large reservoirs have been found in rift,back-arc and foreland basins in tectonic active zones of the Meso-Cenozoic plates.The hydrocarbon accumulation in basement reservoirs exhibits the characteristics in three aspects.First,the porous-fractured reservoirs with low porosity and ultra-low permeability are dominant,where extensive hydrocarbon accumulation occurred during the weathering denudation and later tectonic reworking of the basin basement.High resistance to compaction allows the physical properties of these highly heterogeneous reservoirs to be independent of the buried depth.Second,the hydrocarbons were sourced from the formations outside the basement.The source-reservoir assemblages are divided into contacted source rock-basement and separated source rock-basement patterns.Third,the abnormal high pressure in the source rock and the normal–low pressure in the basement reservoirs cause a large pressure difference between the source rock and the reservoirs,which is conducive to the pumping effect of hydrocarbons in the deep basement.The deep basement prospects are mainly evaluated by the factors such as tectonic activity of basement,source-reservoir combination,development of large deep faults(especially strike-slip faults),and regional seals.The Precambrian crystalline basements at the margin of the intracontinental rifts in cratonic basins,as well as the Paleozoic folded basements and the Meso-Cenozoic fault-block basements adjacent to the hydrocarbon generation depressions,have favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation,and thus they are considered as the main targets for future exploration of deep basement reservoirs.
基金supports from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Programfunded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41790453,41472304,42102129,42102135 and 41972313)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(Grant No.20170101001JC)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC0605402)China Geological Survey(Grant No.DD20189702)。
文摘The Songliao Basin(SLB)covers an area of approximately 260,000 km2in northeastern Asia and preserves a continuous and complete Cretaceous terrestrial record(Wang et al.,2021).The region is the most important petroliferous sedimentary basin in China because of its continual annual oil and gas equivalent production of tens of millions of tons(ca.220–440 million barrels per year)since 1959.The SLB was previously thought to have developed on Hercynian basement and accumulated continuous sedimentary deposits during the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous(Wan et al.,2013;Wang et al.,2016).
文摘In this study,we report for thefirst time an Early Palaeozoic basement diorite from the drilled well Nirona-A in the Banni Half-Graben of the Kutch basin,western India.The 40Ar–39Ar dates provided a plateau age of 441.84±2.66 Ma and another pseudo plateau of 441.28±5.82 to 388.08±16.65 Ma for the basement diorite.These ages constrain the basement formation age to the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian period.The obtained basement ages are correlatable with the later part of Cambro-Ordovician alkaline magmatism that has been reported from the Huqf area in Central Oman,whereas their lithological and petrographic correlativity with base-ment diorites occurring in the Dinsi Body of Nagar Parkar igneous complex in Pakistan can also be envisaged.The geochemical studies characterized the diorite with enrich-ment of LILE(Rb,Ba,and K)and LREE(La,Ce,Nd),strong depletion of HFSE(Nb,Sr,P,and Ti),along with weakly negative Eu anomalies.The geochemical signatures indicate their petrogenetic affiliation with mantle-derived magmas,as well as their tectonic setting to be arc-related,having post-collisional continental-arc type affinity.The*440 Ma basement of Kutch,therefore,appears to rep-resent the later thermal event associated with the reworked Neoproterozoic subduction-related suite from Greater India’s northwest edge,which has implications for Gond-wana assembly in the northwest Indian subcontinent.
文摘Introduction: Located in the central-western part of Côte d’Ivoire, the subsoil of the Gagnoa region is made up of sedimentary volcano formations and granitoids with developed fracturing. This complex Precambrian basement contains most of the region’s water resources. This is at the origin of the high failure rate during the various hydrogeological prospecting campaigns. Methodology: The database consists of resistivities from 42 holes and 51 trails drilled as part of the implementation of high-throughput drilling in the study area. The objective of this study is to deepen the knowledge of the fissured basement by interpreting profile curves and electrical soundings. It will be a question of classifying the different types of anomalies obtained on the profiles and their shapes. The orientation of the lineaments observed on the profiles was determined. Results: The interpretation of the geophysical data revealed various anomalies, the main ones being of the CC (Conductor Compartment) and CEDP (Contact between two bearings) types. These types of anomalies are mainly expressed in various forms: the “V”, “W” and “U” shapes. From these anomalies and the appearance of the electrical profiles, lineaments and their orientations were identified with N90-100, N130-140, N170-180 as major orientations. Conclusion: These results could contribute to a better understanding of the fractured environment of the Gagnoa region.
文摘Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid(OCP)is a subcategory of mucous membrane pemphigoid(MMP)where the conjunctiva is the main site of inflammation.It is a chronic and autoimmune disease characterized by acute and chronic conjunctivitis that can progress to severe conjunctival cicatrization,corneal opacification,ocular surface keratinization,and eyelid abnormalities.OCP can lead to structural damage that can result in visual impairment,visual loss,and blindness,and can have a significant impact in a patient’s quality of life.Patients may manifest with varying symptoms,degrees of severity and may have different rates of progression.Early diagnosis and appropriate systemic immunosuppression are of utmost importance for prompt and adequate disease control.Various systemic immunomodulatory therapies(IMTs),including anti-metabolites,alkylating,and biologic agents have been utilized to achieve inflammation control and remission.Careful monitoring of disease progression is important to assess response and to modify and escalate therapy if needed.Treatment to alleviate symptoms of dry eye disease and address trichiasis and other eyelid abnormalities is recommended as well.A multidisciplinary approach to optimize clinical care is recommended in the management of patients with OCP.This review will address the immunopathogenesis,clinical features,keys to diagnosis and staging of patients with OCP.It will highlight the current immunomodulators utilized for disease management and proposed stepladder strategies.This review will discuss the updated roles of combination therapy,novel use of biologics as well as the recent use of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)analog in severe recalcitrant cases.
文摘Water is an essential element for all forms of life. The quantity and quality of water are a problem in places. In Kouba Adougoul and its surroundings in south guera, water-related health problems are reported. That is why this study focuses on the quality of water in the basement areas, of Kouba Adougoul. Our objective is to contribute to a better understanding of water of human consumption in these areas for this, we carried out a physicochemical and bacteriological control on a number water point. Ten water points were collected during May 2022 for analysis. To achieve this objective, we made the in-situ analysis of physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature. These measurements were made using the multi-parameter kit. The result shows that, the water temperatures vary from 24.4˚C to 27.4˚C proving that the waters are from deep depths. For the use of these waters, it is necessary to take certain precautions. The pH values varied between 6.15 and 7.78, an average of 6.77 giving some waters an aggressive character. It was low mineralized, with electrical conductivity averages ranging from 182.1 to 2100 μS/cm−1 an average of 586.36 μS/cm−1. For the chemical parameters, it is by hydrometric titration that the content of the ions was determined. The determination of the various coliforms in these waters was carried out by its various methods which led to detecting that the waters of Kouba Adougoul are turbid, and present high proportions of nitrates, iron and ammonium. The presence of pathogenic germs, such as total coliforms and thermo-tolerant coliforms in these waters, has been demonstrated. For their consumption, these waters deserve treatment beforehand. In the study area, the anthropogenic activities are considered the most serious sources of groundwater.
文摘Seafloor extension and associated rifting in the North Atlantic Area, which started in Early Paleogene (from −62 Ma), resulted in a few micro-continents being isolated and submerged below sea levels. Published isotopic data for sunken offshore continental materials (basement) in the North Atlantic area are quite sparse, but a few do exist for the Rockall Plateau, or more precisely the Rockall Bank. Isotopic data for Early Paleogene basaltic materials, covering basement rocks of the Rockall Plateau, have hitherto only been publicised for the NW margin of the Hatton bank. The Early Paleogene basaltic archipelago of the Faroe Islands, on which some isotopic data do exist, rests on an ancient sunken continental crust of unknown geochemical and isotopic compositions. The objective of this contribution is to assess potential lead isotopic relationships between the Rockall Plateau and the Faroese sub-basaltic basement, based on the sparse available isotopic data existing for the former and using available isotopic data for slightly contaminated Faroese basaltic rocks. The results reached in this contribution point to a likely association between the Faroese sub-basaltic basement and the basement of the Rockall Bank and hence the Rockall Plateau and potentially also between Faroese basaltic rocks and contemporaneous counterparts from the Hatton Bank.
基金supported by Spaceage Geoconsulting,a research oriented consulting firm.
文摘Episodes of tectonic activities since Archaean time in one of the oldest craton,the eastern Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia,have left a complex pattern in the architectural settings.Insights of the crustal scale architectural settings of the Craton have been made through geophysical data modelling and imaging using high resolution aeromagnetic and Bouguer gravity data.The advanced technique of image processing using pseudocolour composition,hill-shading and the multiple data layers compilation in the hue,saturation and intensity(HSI)space has been used for image based analysis of potential field data.Geophysical methods of anomaly enhancement technique along with the imaging technique are used to delineate several regional and as well as local structures.Multiscale analysis in geophysical data processing with the application of varying upward continuation levels,and also anomaly enhancement techniques using spatial derivatives are used delineating major shear zones and regional scale structures.A suitable data based interpretation of basement architecture of the study area is given.
文摘Based on the data of seismic reflection, seismic refraction and magnetism collected in the research area and geology obtained from adjacent areas, this paper deals with the issue of basement constitution of the southern part of the Okinawa Trough. In the shelf basin of the East China Sea, Taiwan folded belt and Ryukyu Islands folded belt which surround the trough, outcrop Later Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Eogene strata. In the southern trough, multichannel seismic reflection data indicate that the overlying strata are composed of Neogene and Quaternary deposits, and the acoustic basement consists of Eogent and even older strata. Seismic refraction profiles show that there are Eogene and Mesozoic velocity layers with longitudinal velocities of 4.7 - 5.3 km/s and 6.3 km/s respectively beneath the Quaternary-Miocene Layers. Qualitative analysis and forward and reversed calculation of magnetic data show that the magnetic basement is mainly formed by metamorphic rocks, the Yanshanian neutral-acid magmatic rocks and the Himalayan neutral-basic magmatic rocks being the next components, and the magnetic basement is mostly corresponding to the acoustic basement. Comprehensive analyses demonstrate that the basement of the southern Okinawa Trough is mainly formed by Eogene system and Mesozoic and Upper Paleozoic groups metamorphosed in varying degrees, and the basic magmatic rocks of Himalayan epoch have been formed in some parts of the basin.
基金supported by the‘Korea National Institute of Health’(KNIH)research project(Project No.2022ER130502)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)(No.2021R1A2C20060331222182102840102)。
文摘Bioprinting is a widely used technique for creating three-dimensional,complex,and heterogeneous artificial tissue constructs that are biologically and biophysically similar to natural tissues.The skin is composed of several layers including the epidermis,basement membrane(BM),and dermis.However,the unique undulating structure of basement membranes(i.e.rete ridges)and the function of BM have not been extensively studied in the fabrication of engineered skin substitutes.In this study,a novel engineered skin substitute incorporating an artificially designed rete ridge(i.e.mogul-shape)was developed using bioprinting and bioinks prepared using collagen and fibrinogen.To mimic the structure of the rete ridges of skin tissue,we developed a modified bioprinting technique,controlling rheological property of bioink to create a mogul-shaped layer.In vitro cellular activities,including the expression of specific genes(those encoding vimentin,laminin-5,collagen IV,and cytokeratins),demonstrated that the engineered skin substitute exhibited more potent cellular responses than the normally bioprinted control owing to the favorable biophysical BM structure and the bioink microenvironment.Additionally,the feasibility of utilizing the bioprinted skin-structure was evaluated in a mouse model,and in vivo results demonstrated that the bioprinted skin substitutes effectively promoted wound healing capabilities.Based on these results,we suggest that bioprinted skin tissues and the bioprinting technique for mimicking rete ridges can be used not only as potential lab-chip models for testing cosmetic materials and drugs,but also as complex physiological models for understanding human skin.
文摘Not many 17‑year‑old girls know how to join two pipes together or light the pilot light.These are skills I have learned over the past five years as an assistant to my plumber dad.This summer job demands an attitude of perseverance and grace that I frequently struggle to adopt.Each humid morning,my dad and I drag awkward and heavy toolboxes into people's dark and damp basements where I usually get lost in mazes of storage boxes.Nevertheless,I stick to it.I am the plumber's daughter and helper.
基金supported financially by the Research Foundation of the Department of Natural Resources of Hunan Province(20230135DZ)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2024JJ7080)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(23C0320)Hunan Provincial College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project(S202311527014).
文摘There is significant debate concerning the tectonic characteristics and evolutionary understanding of the South China Block(SCB)during the Early Mesozoic.One of the key points of contention is the tectonic-magmatic activity during the Triassic and its dynamic mechanisms.However,research on the detailed chronology and tectonic settings of granite plutons in key regions remains insuffi-cient,limiting the understanding of the tectonic-magmatic dynamic mechanisms in the interior of SCB during the Triassic.In this contribution,we present whole-rock major and trace elemental data,Sr-Nd isotope data,LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age dating,and Lu-Hf isotope data for granites of Dashenshan pluton in the Xiangzhong,northwest part of SCB.The results indicate that the Dashenshan granite has an emplacement age of 208.4-212.5 Ma,characterized by high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O,and K_(2)O contents and low MgO and CaO.The Dashenshan granite is enriched in light rare-earth elements with a significant negative Eu anomaly(averageδEu=0.42).It is also enriched in Rb,K,and Th and shows pronounced depletion in Nb,Ta,and Ti,classifying it as peraluminous calc-alkaline granite,specifically of the I-type.The zircon ε_(Hf(t)) values range from−8.39 to−4.4,with an average of−5.82,and the Sr-Nd isotopes are relatively enriched[ε_(Nd)(t)=−9.31 to−6.8].Combining these geochemical characteristics,it is revealed that the Dashenshan granite was derived from the partial melting of middle to upper crustal metamorphic basement materials under medium-to low-temperature conditions,with possible minor contributions from mantle-derived materials.Furthermore,it underwent fractional crystallization,including plagioclase differentiation.By integrating the geochemical features and spatial distribution of Triassic granites in SCB,this study suggests that the regional tectonic evolution of SCB during the Triassic was primarily controlled by the collision of the SCB with the Indochina Block and the North China Block.In Xiangzhong,the tectonic setting transitioned from syn-collisional compression to post-collisional extension during the Late Triassic.The Dashenshan pluton formed in a post-collisional extensional setting,resulting from the decompression melting of middle-to-upper crustal rocks.The upwelling of the asthenosphere and upward heat transfer likely played a significant role in the formation of the Dashenshan granitic magma.
