The Tonle Sap Lake is home to three types of communities： land-based, water-based and land-water based communities, whose livelihoods are dependent on Lake＇s resources. This paper examines how fishing communities in...The Tonle Sap Lake is home to three types of communities： land-based, water-based and land-water based communities, whose livelihoods are dependent on Lake＇s resources. This paper examines how fishing communities in the Tonic Sap Lake make their living in the context of declined resources, increased competition between fishers, the resources politics and the increased trades around the Lake. The paper concludes that in the old day, communities around the lake were related to one another through bartering rice and fish. However, at present, as resources declining, these communities compete over resources, and in doing so, they build relationship and connection with powerful elites including officials, fish traders and the fishing operators, who could protect them in fishing. As a consequence, fishers are trapped in the webs of vicious cycle of poverty, conflicts, corruption and patronage system and exploited and sucked in these webs.展开更多
Using " chain-based and constant-based" two-step method,this paper measured Paasche net barter terms of trade index for SinoAustralian agricultural products from 2001 to 2013,and further calculated contribut...Using " chain-based and constant-based" two-step method,this paper measured Paasche net barter terms of trade index for SinoAustralian agricultural products from 2001 to 2013,and further calculated contribution of each category of agricultural products to changes in overall net barter terms of trade. The results showed that since 2001,the overall net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products fluctuated between deterioration and improvement. In 2013,the net barter terms of trade index was 1. 02,and its improvement is not significant. From 2001 to 2013,the net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products improved about 16. 44%,which dominated by the category 0 agricultural products whose influence degree is 6 times and 28 times the degree of category 4 and category 1. In years when the net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products deteriorated,category 2 agricultural products were the root cause for the deterioration.展开更多
South Africa＇s tourism and travel industry is a key sector in its economy as well as a significant job creator. The recent global economic turmoil is threatening the tourism industry; at the same time, global experts...South Africa＇s tourism and travel industry is a key sector in its economy as well as a significant job creator. The recent global economic turmoil is threatening the tourism industry; at the same time, global experts claim that tourism may be a key to overcoming economic difficulties and play a vital role in the green new deal. The purpose of the study is to introduce a new strategic option that has become increasingly attractive for troubled businesses-barter. While the study focuses on the advantages of this concept＇s recent refinements for South Africa＇s tourism and travel industry, its findings are also applicable to other countries. A survey of small and medium-sized enterprises （SME） from Europe and Turkey, as well as graduate students at an Israeli university, demonstrate the gap between familiarity with barter processes and their advantages and the actual scale of barter transactions in the supply chain, in order to enhance the economic performance of their tourism enterprises as well as the entire economy, providing evidence for the potential of adapting old proven concepts to the modem digital world.展开更多
Our research amalgamates different technical and economic subjects to support a number of old-new ideas. We present here all our developments in strip out versions. We define the rural region Poverty threshold and tax...Our research amalgamates different technical and economic subjects to support a number of old-new ideas. We present here all our developments in strip out versions. We define the rural region Poverty threshold and taxation benefits to support our barter schema. We defined a number of tools to evaluate the fixed assets like： a database property record, an internal experiment and a property valuation device. With these tools we attempt a country valuation and an ecumenical new local currency backed up with 100% of its value on existing property.展开更多
Barter,mutual trade of goods and services,has been invogue among small businesses in the U.S.since early 1980s.By 1994,the volume had grown to $ 8 billion.Today,morethan 300,000 companies use barter for a portion of t...Barter,mutual trade of goods and services,has been invogue among small businesses in the U.S.since early 1980s.By 1994,the volume had grown to $ 8 billion.Today,morethan 300,000 companies use barter for a portion of their busi-展开更多
文摘The Tonle Sap Lake is home to three types of communities： land-based, water-based and land-water based communities, whose livelihoods are dependent on Lake＇s resources. This paper examines how fishing communities in the Tonic Sap Lake make their living in the context of declined resources, increased competition between fishers, the resources politics and the increased trades around the Lake. The paper concludes that in the old day, communities around the lake were related to one another through bartering rice and fish. However, at present, as resources declining, these communities compete over resources, and in doing so, they build relationship and connection with powerful elites including officials, fish traders and the fishing operators, who could protect them in fishing. As a consequence, fishers are trapped in the webs of vicious cycle of poverty, conflicts, corruption and patronage system and exploited and sucked in these webs.
基金Supported by"Industrial Economic Research of National Technology System for Wool Sheep and Cashmere Goat Industries"of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance(CARS-40-20)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2015RW007)
文摘Using " chain-based and constant-based" two-step method,this paper measured Paasche net barter terms of trade index for SinoAustralian agricultural products from 2001 to 2013,and further calculated contribution of each category of agricultural products to changes in overall net barter terms of trade. The results showed that since 2001,the overall net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products fluctuated between deterioration and improvement. In 2013,the net barter terms of trade index was 1. 02,and its improvement is not significant. From 2001 to 2013,the net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products improved about 16. 44%,which dominated by the category 0 agricultural products whose influence degree is 6 times and 28 times the degree of category 4 and category 1. In years when the net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products deteriorated,category 2 agricultural products were the root cause for the deterioration.
文摘South Africa＇s tourism and travel industry is a key sector in its economy as well as a significant job creator. The recent global economic turmoil is threatening the tourism industry; at the same time, global experts claim that tourism may be a key to overcoming economic difficulties and play a vital role in the green new deal. The purpose of the study is to introduce a new strategic option that has become increasingly attractive for troubled businesses-barter. While the study focuses on the advantages of this concept＇s recent refinements for South Africa＇s tourism and travel industry, its findings are also applicable to other countries. A survey of small and medium-sized enterprises （SME） from Europe and Turkey, as well as graduate students at an Israeli university, demonstrate the gap between familiarity with barter processes and their advantages and the actual scale of barter transactions in the supply chain, in order to enhance the economic performance of their tourism enterprises as well as the entire economy, providing evidence for the potential of adapting old proven concepts to the modem digital world.
文摘Our research amalgamates different technical and economic subjects to support a number of old-new ideas. We present here all our developments in strip out versions. We define the rural region Poverty threshold and taxation benefits to support our barter schema. We defined a number of tools to evaluate the fixed assets like： a database property record, an internal experiment and a property valuation device. With these tools we attempt a country valuation and an ecumenical new local currency backed up with 100% of its value on existing property.
文摘Barter,mutual trade of goods and services,has been invogue among small businesses in the U.S.since early 1980s.By 1994,the volume had grown to $ 8 billion.Today,morethan 300,000 companies use barter for a portion of their busi-
