In the complex architecture of global value-chain(GVC)trade,firms’technological content increasingly reflects external knowledge flows.This study examines how inter-regional technological complementarity shapes firms...In the complex architecture of global value-chain(GVC)trade,firms’technological content increasingly reflects external knowledge flows.This study examines how inter-regional technological complementarity shapes firms’GVC advancement,measured by the domestic value-added rate(DVAR)in exports.Using integrated Chinese microdata(2000-2014),we find this complementarity significantly boosts export DVAR,explaining about one-quarter of its observed growth.Two mechanisms drive this effect:increased use of domestic intermediates and gains in firm productivity.The benefits are especially large for firms with lower human capital and for those in accessible,innovation-peripheral regions,helping narrow productivity gaps across firms and space.Affected firms also exhibit broader export scopes,higher product quality,more diversified destinations,and greater markups-firm-level evidence of GVC upgrading.These findings highlight how external technological linkages drive upgrading and underscore the importance of fostering inter-regional synergies for balanced development.展开更多
Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the t...Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.展开更多
The beam pumping unit(BPU)remains the most stable and reliable equipment for crude oil lifting.Despite its simple four-link mechanism,the structural design of the BPU presents a constrained single-objective optimizati...The beam pumping unit(BPU)remains the most stable and reliable equipment for crude oil lifting.Despite its simple four-link mechanism,the structural design of the BPU presents a constrained single-objective optimization problem.Currently,a comprehensive framework for the structural design and optimization of compound balanced BPUs is lacking.Therefore,this study proposes a novel structural design scheme for BPUs,aiming to meet the practical needs of designers and operators by sequentially optimizing both the dynamic characteristics and balance properties of the BPUs.A dynamic model of compound balanced BPU was established based on D'Alembert's principle.The constraints for structural dimensions were formulated based on the actual operational requirements and design experience with BPUs.To optimize the structure,three algorithms were employed:the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,the genetic algorithm(GA),and the gray wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm.Each newly generated individuals are regulated by constraints to ensure the rationality of the outcomes.Furthermore,the integration of three algorithms ensures the increased likelihood of attaining the global optimal solution.The polished rod acceleration of the optimized structure is significantly reduced,and the dynamic characteristics of the up and down strokes are essentially symmetrical.Additionally,these three algorithms are also applied to the balance optimization of BPUs based on the measured dynamometer card.The calculation results demonstrate that the GWO-based optimization method exhibits excellent robustness in terms of structural optimization by enhancing the operational smoothness of the BPU,as well as in balance optimization by achieving energy conservation.By applying the optimization scheme proposed in this paper,the CYJW7-3-23HF type of BPU was designed,achieving a maximum polished rod acceleration of±0.675 m/s^(2) when operating at a stroke of 6 min^(−1).When deployed in two wells,the root-mean-square(RMS)torque was minimized,reaching values of 7.539 kN·m and 12.921 kN·m,respectively.The proposed design method not only contributes to the personalized customization but also improves the design efficiency of compound balanced BPUs.展开更多
High-selectivity common-mode(CM)and differential-mode(DM)reflectionless balanced bandpass filters(BBPFs)are proposed in this article.By loading absorption networks at single/both ends of the basic ring resonator,input...High-selectivity common-mode(CM)and differential-mode(DM)reflectionless balanced bandpass filters(BBPFs)are proposed in this article.By loading absorption networks at single/both ends of the basic ring resonator,input-/two-port wideband CM and DM reflectionless performance,wideband filtering performance and all-stop CM suppression are obtained.The absorption network composed of K-sections of coupled-lines(CLs)terminated with grounded resistors can not only extend the filtering performance to high order,but also realize wideband absorption of CM noise and out-of-band DM signals.Absorptive stubs are loaded at ports to increase the design flexibility and enhance the absorption.As for the input-reflectionless type,multiple independently controlled transmission zeros(TZs)are obtained by the TZ control network to improves the selectivity and out-of-band rejection.A set of 2 GHz micro-strip BBPFs are designed and measured,which shows simultaneous CM and DM absorption performance.展开更多
Aiming at the problems such as low throughput and unbalanced load of data center network caused by traditional multipath routing strategy,a dynamic load balancing strategy for flow classification oriented to Fat-Tree ...Aiming at the problems such as low throughput and unbalanced load of data center network caused by traditional multipath routing strategy,a dynamic load balancing strategy for flow classification oriented to Fat-Tree topology based on the software defined network(SDN)architecture is proposed,named DLB-FC.Multi-index evaluation methods such as link state information and network traffic characteristics are considered.DLB-FC mechanism can dynamically adjust the flow classification threshold to differentiate between large and small flows.The scheme selects different forwarding paths to meet the transmission performance requirements of different flow characteristics.On this basis,an SDN simulation platform is built for performance testing.The simulation results show that DLB-FC algorithm can dynamically distinguish large flows from small flows and achieve load balancing effectively.Compared with equal-cost multi-path(ECMP),global first fit(GFF)and minmum total delay load routing(MTDLR)algorithms,DLB-FC scheme improves the network throughput and link utilization of the data center network effectively.The transmission delay is also reduced with better load balance.展开更多
By comprehensively analyzing the current status of education development and the achievements of economic development in China,this paper reveals the synergistic effect between the overall improvement of education lev...By comprehensively analyzing the current status of education development and the achievements of economic development in China,this paper reveals the synergistic effect between the overall improvement of education levels and economic growth.The paper points out that although the increase in educational investment has provided talent support for economic development,the imbalance in regional education development still exists.Furthermore,the paper explores the two-way promotion mechanism between education and economic development,and proposes a series of strategies,including balanced layout,targeted support,and innovation-driven development,to achieve the coordinated and balanced development of regional education and narrow regional gaps.These strategies aim to optimize the allocation of educational resources,improve the quality of education,and promote the all-round progress of the economy and society.展开更多
BACKGROUND Carriers of chromosomal balanced translocations are often physically healthy with no obvious developmental problems.However,potential chromosomal imbalance in their gametes can lead to implantation failure,...BACKGROUND Carriers of chromosomal balanced translocations are often physically healthy with no obvious developmental problems.However,potential chromosomal imbalance in their gametes can lead to implantation failure,miscarriage,or the birth of a child with a chromosomal abnormality.CASE SUMMARY We report six cases of chromosomal translocations involving three families,including the specific Robertson(Roche)translocation.Case 1:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XX,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 2:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 18 weeks of gestation confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XY,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 3:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XY,t(5;18)(p13;p11).Case 4:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 14+6 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XX,der(18)t(5;18)(p13;p11)pat.Case 5:The karyotype of the proband was 45,XY,der(14;22)(q10;q10).Case 6:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 19+4 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 45,XX,rob(14;22)(q10;q10).CONCLUSION Carriers of chromosomal translocations have a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes,though they can still have normal offspring.This report on six cases of chromosomal translocations from three families could serve as a reference for future prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal translocations and decision-making on whether to continue the pregnancy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with liver cirrhosis often experience muscle wasting that significantly affects their quality of life.AIM To investigate the effects of comprehensive nutritional and psychological interventions bas...BACKGROUND Patients with liver cirrhosis often experience muscle wasting that significantly affects their quality of life.AIM To investigate the effects of comprehensive nutritional and psychological interventions based on an amino acid-balanced diet on muscle wasting and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS A retrospective study of 130 patients with liver cirrhosis(May 2023 to June 2024)was divided into control(conventional treatment,n=65)and observational groups(conventional+amino acid-balanced nutrition and psychological intervention,n=65).Anxiety(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale),depression(Self-Rating Depression Scale),lower limb muscle strength,and quality of life(Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire)were assessed pre-intervention,and 3/6 months postintervention.RESULTS At baseline,no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age,sex,etiology of cirrhosis,disease duration,disease severity,or any other measured outcome(P>0.05).At 3 months and 6 months post-intervention,the observational group exhibited significantly lower Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores than the control group(P<0.05),indicating reduced anxiety and depression as well as higher grip strength and increased lower limb muscle strength(P<0.05).Additionally,the observational group demonstrated superior Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire scores across all domains, reflecting an improved quality of life (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONAn amino acid-balanced diet and psychological intervention can effectively alleviate anxiety and depression andimprove muscle strength and quality of life in patients with cirrhosis and are worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM),particularly fused deposition modeling(FDM),has emerged as a transformative technology in modern manufacturing processes.The dimensional accuracy of FDM-printed parts is crucial for ensuring...Additive manufacturing(AM),particularly fused deposition modeling(FDM),has emerged as a transformative technology in modern manufacturing processes.The dimensional accuracy of FDM-printed parts is crucial for ensuring their functional integrity and performance.To achieve sustainable manufacturing in FDM,it is necessary to optimize the print quality and time efficiency concurrently.However,owing to the complex interactions of printing parameters,achieving a balanced optimization of both remains challenging.This study examines four key factors affecting dimensional accuracy and print time:printing speed,layer thickness,nozzle temperature,and bed temperature.Fifty parameter sets were generated using enhanced Latin hypercube sampling.A whale optimization algorithm(WOA)-enhanced support vector regression(SVR)model was developed to predict dimen-sional errors and print time effectively,with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅲ(NSGA-Ⅲ)utilized for multi-objective optimization.The technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)was applied to select a balanced solution from the Pareto front.In experimental validation,the parts printed using the optimized parameters exhibited excellent dimensional accuracy and printing efficiency.This study comprehensively considered optimizing the printing time and size to meet quality requirements while achieving higher printing efficiency and aiding in the realization of sustainable manufacturing in the field of AM.In addition,the printing of a specific prosthetic component was used as a case study,highlighting the high demands on both dimensional precision and printing efficiency.The optimized process parameters required significantly less printing time,while satisfying the dimensional accuracy requirements.This study provides valuable insights for achieving sustainable AM using FDM.展开更多
This study developed a digital twin(DT)and structural health monitoring(SHM)system for a balanced cantilever bridge,utilizing advanced measurement techniques to enhance accuracy.Vibration and dynamic strain measuremen...This study developed a digital twin(DT)and structural health monitoring(SHM)system for a balanced cantilever bridge,utilizing advanced measurement techniques to enhance accuracy.Vibration and dynamic strain measurements were obtained using accelerometers and piezo-resistive strain gauges,capturing low-magnitude dynamic strains during operational vibrations.3D-LiDAR scanning and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity(UPV)tests captured the bridge's as-is geometry and modulus of elasticity.The resulting detailed 3D point cloud model revealed the structure's true state and highlighted discrepancies between the as-designed and as-built conditions.Dynamic properties,including modal frequencies and shapes,were extracted from the strain and acceleration measurements,providing critical insights into the bridge's structural behavior.The neutral axis depth,indicating stress distribution and potential damage,was accurately determined.Good agreement between vibration measurement data and the as-is model results validated the reliability of the digital twin model.Dynamic strain patterns and neutral axis parameters showed strong correlation with model predictions,serving as sensitive indicators of local damage.The baseline digital twin model and measurement results establish a foundation for future bridge inspections and investigations.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining digital twin technology with field measurements for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance,ensuring the sustainability and safety of the bridge infrastructure,thereby enhancing its overall resilience to operational and environmental stressors.展开更多
The increase in user mobility and density in modern cellular networks increases the risk of overloading certain base stations in popular locations such as shopping malls or stadiums,which can result in connection loss...The increase in user mobility and density in modern cellular networks increases the risk of overloading certain base stations in popular locations such as shopping malls or stadiums,which can result in connection loss for some users.To combat this,the traffic load of base stations should be kept as balanced as possible.In this paper,we propose an efficient load balancing-aware handover algorithm for highly dynamic beyond 5G heterogeneous networks by assigning mobile users to base stations with lighter loads when a handover is performed.The proposed algorithm is evaluated in a scenario with users having different levels of mobility,such as pedestrians and vehicles,and is shown to outperform the conventional handover mechanism,as well as another algorithm from the literature.As a secondary benefit,the overall energy consumption in the network is shown to be reduced with the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Geographic routing is a highly active area of research in mobile ad hoc networks （MANETs） owing to its efficiency and scalability. However,the use of simple greedy forwarding decreases the packet reception rate （PR...Geographic routing is a highly active area of research in mobile ad hoc networks （MANETs） owing to its efficiency and scalability. However,the use of simple greedy forwarding decreases the packet reception rate （PRR） dramatically in unreliable wireless environments; this also depresses the network lifetime. Therefore,it is important to improve delivery performance and prolong MANET lifetime simultaneously. In this article,a novel geographic routing algorithm,named energy-efficiency and load-loalanced geographic routing （ELGR）,is presented for lossy MANETs. ELGR combines energy efficiency and load balance to make routing decisions. First,a link estimation scheme for the PRR is presented that increases the network energy efficiency level. Second,a learning method is proposed to adaptively sense local network loads,allowing enhanced whole network load balance. The results of a simulation show that ELGR performs better than several other geographic routing algorithms; in particular it extends network lifetime by about 20%,with a higher delivery ratio.展开更多
This paper study the effect of nitrogen （N, X1）, phosphorus （P, X2） and potassium （K, X3） in different amounts on crude protein, soluble sugar, total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents in mulberry leaves,...This paper study the effect of nitrogen （N, X1）, phosphorus （P, X2） and potassium （K, X3） in different amounts on crude protein, soluble sugar, total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents in mulberry leaves, with mulberry trees in spring and autumn as the material and as per ＂3414＂ experimental design. The results showed that the qualities and active substance content of mulberry leaves changed from increasing to decreasing with its development; crude protein and solu-ble sugar achieved the peak on August 20; total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin was the highest on May 15. Fertilizations with N, P and K fertilizers at different amounts had significant effects on quality of mulberry leaf and content of active substances. Specifically, as fertilizer amount increased, the content of active sub- stances grew dramatically and achieved the highest at level 2 （X^2X=X~_）. Based on fertilizer effect functions of objective yield, the recommended amounts of N, P and K fertilizers based on crude protein, soluble sugar, flavonoid content and DNJ in test sites were 718.46, 220.11 and 305.23 kg/hm2, when the highest of crude protein in mulberry leaf was 1 813.83 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were recommended at 666.54, 204.41 and 243.18 kg/hm2, soluble sugar in mulberry leaf achieved the peak at 1 042.65 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 675.96, 326.49 and 462.90 kg/hm2, flavonoid content achieved the maximum at 147.90 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 720.9, 225.11 and 323.63 kg/hm2, DNJ content was the highest at 13.55 kg/hm2.展开更多
A 4-12GHz wideband power amplifier,using a balanced configuration with a strip line Lange coupler, is designed and fabricated. This power amplifier shows a maximum continuous wave output power of 29.5dBm at 8GHz cente...A 4-12GHz wideband power amplifier,using a balanced configuration with a strip line Lange coupler, is designed and fabricated. This power amplifier shows a maximum continuous wave output power of 29.5dBm at 8GHz center frequency with an associated gain of 8.5dB and a gain flatness of ＋ /- 0.6dB in the 4-12GHz frequency range.展开更多
Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two slow-re- lease fertilizers and balanced fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium up...Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two slow-re- lease fertilizers and balanced fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of peppers at Jiangna Town, Yanshan County, Yunnan Province in 2011. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in dried pepper plant, pepper yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake in peppers were significantly increased in all the fertilizer treat- ments, compared with those in control （no fertilizer）. Compared with conventional fertilization, balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer significantly increased dried pepper economic output by 20.94%, 17.5% and 14.54%, nitrogen uptake in dried peppers by 21.53%,18.46% and 13.19%, phosphorus uptake in dried peppers by 14.08%, 15.76% and 10.44%, potassium uptake in dried peppers by 22.66%, 15.73% and 16.28%; they also in- creased nitrogen and potassium use efficiency, but reduced potassium use efficiency due to the increased potassium addition. In treatments with balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer, the nitrogen utiliza- tion was 5.84%, 7.14% and 8.33% higher and the phosphorus utilization was 3.32%, 3.27% and 2.47% higher than those in treatment with conventional fertiliza- tion. In addition, the nitrogen application could be reduced by 20%-50% by bal- anced fertilization and the two slow-release fertilizers, thereby reducing environmen- tal pollution. Slow-release fertilizers could also reduce the frequency of fertilization and labor costs.展开更多
In order to increase mulberry leaf yield and production efficiency in hilly areas of Sichuan Province through scientific fertilization,＂3414＂,a quadratic regression design for modern fertilization,was employed to si...In order to increase mulberry leaf yield and production efficiency in hilly areas of Sichuan Province through scientific fertilization,＂3414＂,a quadratic regression design for modern fertilization,was employed to simulate the regression relationship between mulberry leaf yield and major fertilizer elements including nitrogen（N）,phosphor（P） and potassium（K） among which mulberry leaf yield was the objective function and N,P and K were the regulatory factors to fertilization level.As a result,7 types of ternary,binary and monadic quadratic fertilizer effect functions of N,P and K fertilizer elements were established.The weight of fertilizer factors in the optimal mulberry leaf yield obtained by various types of functions was in decreasing order of KPKPNPKNKNNP,and the weight of fertilizer factors in the ratio of leaf yield to input was in decreasing order of K〉PK〉NPK〉P〉NK〉NP〉N.To be specific,the ternary quadratic fertilizer effect function（Y=20 313＋0.25X1＋43.48 X2＋34.47X3-0.01X1^2-0.14X2^2-0.06X3^2＋0.05X1X2＋0.02X1X3-0.07X2X3,in which X1,X2 and X3 indicate the fertilizer factors N,P and K,respectively） was a model containing all factors,thereby being a recommended fertilization program for mulberry field.Single factor effect analysis indicated that K fertilizer had the highest influence on mulberry leaf yield and ratio of leaf yield to input.Therefore,among all the simulation functions,the monadic quadratic fertilizer effect function of K fertilizer factor（Y=25 002.27＋44.728X3-0.084X32） leads to the optimal leaf yield and maximum ratio of leaf yield to input.By using the optimal fertilization program with 600 kg/hm2 N,210 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 254.33 kg/hm2 K2O,the optimal economic leaf yield obtained is 30 945.00 kg/hm2,the cost of fertilizer input is 4 403.65 yuan/hm2,and the ratio of leaf yield to input is as high as 17.57.After verification by production practices,the recommended fertilization indicators in the optimal mulberry fertilization program can provide reference for the construction of high-yield mulberry field in hilly areas of Sichuan Province.展开更多
The problem of joint eigenvalue estimation for the non-defective commuting set of matrices A is addressed. A procedure revealing the joint eigenstructure by simultaneous diagonalization of. A with simultaneous Schur d...The problem of joint eigenvalue estimation for the non-defective commuting set of matrices A is addressed. A procedure revealing the joint eigenstructure by simultaneous diagonalization of. A with simultaneous Schur decomposition （SSD） and balance procedure alternately is proposed for performance considerations and also for overcoming the convergence difficulties of previous methods based only on simultaneous Schur form and unitary transformations, it is shown that the SSD procedure can be well incorporated with the balancing algorithm in a pingpong manner, i. e., each optimizes a cost function and at the same time serves as an acceleration procedure for the other. Under mild assumptions, the convergence of the two cost functions alternately optimized, i. e., the norm of A and the norm of the left-lower part of A is proved. Numerical experiments are conducted in a multi-dimensional harmonic retrieval application and suggest that the presented method converges considerably faster than the methods based on only unitary transformation for matrices which are not near to normality.展开更多
基金supported by the following grants:National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)(Major Project)“Research on the Mechanism and Breakthrough Path for Achieving Key Core Technologies through the Coupling of Innovation Chains and Industrial Chains”(Grant No.22&ZD093)Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education“Research on Innovation Development Theory Based on Chinese Practice”(Grant No.23CEDRZ03).
文摘In the complex architecture of global value-chain(GVC)trade,firms’technological content increasingly reflects external knowledge flows.This study examines how inter-regional technological complementarity shapes firms’GVC advancement,measured by the domestic value-added rate(DVAR)in exports.Using integrated Chinese microdata(2000-2014),we find this complementarity significantly boosts export DVAR,explaining about one-quarter of its observed growth.Two mechanisms drive this effect:increased use of domestic intermediates and gains in firm productivity.The benefits are especially large for firms with lower human capital and for those in accessible,innovation-peripheral regions,helping narrow productivity gaps across firms and space.Affected firms also exhibit broader export scopes,higher product quality,more diversified destinations,and greater markups-firm-level evidence of GVC upgrading.These findings highlight how external technological linkages drive upgrading and underscore the importance of fostering inter-regional synergies for balanced development.
文摘Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Natural Gas Equipment,Ministry of Education(No.OGE202303-08)Engineering Technology Research Center for Industrial Internet of Things and Intelligent Sensing,Hubei Province(No.KXZ 202203).
文摘The beam pumping unit(BPU)remains the most stable and reliable equipment for crude oil lifting.Despite its simple four-link mechanism,the structural design of the BPU presents a constrained single-objective optimization problem.Currently,a comprehensive framework for the structural design and optimization of compound balanced BPUs is lacking.Therefore,this study proposes a novel structural design scheme for BPUs,aiming to meet the practical needs of designers and operators by sequentially optimizing both the dynamic characteristics and balance properties of the BPUs.A dynamic model of compound balanced BPU was established based on D'Alembert's principle.The constraints for structural dimensions were formulated based on the actual operational requirements and design experience with BPUs.To optimize the structure,three algorithms were employed:the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,the genetic algorithm(GA),and the gray wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm.Each newly generated individuals are regulated by constraints to ensure the rationality of the outcomes.Furthermore,the integration of three algorithms ensures the increased likelihood of attaining the global optimal solution.The polished rod acceleration of the optimized structure is significantly reduced,and the dynamic characteristics of the up and down strokes are essentially symmetrical.Additionally,these three algorithms are also applied to the balance optimization of BPUs based on the measured dynamometer card.The calculation results demonstrate that the GWO-based optimization method exhibits excellent robustness in terms of structural optimization by enhancing the operational smoothness of the BPU,as well as in balance optimization by achieving energy conservation.By applying the optimization scheme proposed in this paper,the CYJW7-3-23HF type of BPU was designed,achieving a maximum polished rod acceleration of±0.675 m/s^(2) when operating at a stroke of 6 min^(−1).When deployed in two wells,the root-mean-square(RMS)torque was minimized,reaching values of 7.539 kN·m and 12.921 kN·m,respectively.The proposed design method not only contributes to the personalized customization but also improves the design efficiency of compound balanced BPUs.
文摘High-selectivity common-mode(CM)and differential-mode(DM)reflectionless balanced bandpass filters(BBPFs)are proposed in this article.By loading absorption networks at single/both ends of the basic ring resonator,input-/two-port wideband CM and DM reflectionless performance,wideband filtering performance and all-stop CM suppression are obtained.The absorption network composed of K-sections of coupled-lines(CLs)terminated with grounded resistors can not only extend the filtering performance to high order,but also realize wideband absorption of CM noise and out-of-band DM signals.Absorptive stubs are loaded at ports to increase the design flexibility and enhance the absorption.As for the input-reflectionless type,multiple independently controlled transmission zeros(TZs)are obtained by the TZ control network to improves the selectivity and out-of-band rejection.A set of 2 GHz micro-strip BBPFs are designed and measured,which shows simultaneous CM and DM absorption performance.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61672270)Jiangsu Provionce Teaching Reform Project for Cloud Computing Technology and Application Talent Training(No.201802130049).
文摘Aiming at the problems such as low throughput and unbalanced load of data center network caused by traditional multipath routing strategy,a dynamic load balancing strategy for flow classification oriented to Fat-Tree topology based on the software defined network(SDN)architecture is proposed,named DLB-FC.Multi-index evaluation methods such as link state information and network traffic characteristics are considered.DLB-FC mechanism can dynamically adjust the flow classification threshold to differentiate between large and small flows.The scheme selects different forwarding paths to meet the transmission performance requirements of different flow characteristics.On this basis,an SDN simulation platform is built for performance testing.The simulation results show that DLB-FC algorithm can dynamically distinguish large flows from small flows and achieve load balancing effectively.Compared with equal-cost multi-path(ECMP),global first fit(GFF)and minmum total delay load routing(MTDLR)algorithms,DLB-FC scheme improves the network throughput and link utilization of the data center network effectively.The transmission delay is also reduced with better load balance.
文摘By comprehensively analyzing the current status of education development and the achievements of economic development in China,this paper reveals the synergistic effect between the overall improvement of education levels and economic growth.The paper points out that although the increase in educational investment has provided talent support for economic development,the imbalance in regional education development still exists.Furthermore,the paper explores the two-way promotion mechanism between education and economic development,and proposes a series of strategies,including balanced layout,targeted support,and innovation-driven development,to achieve the coordinated and balanced development of regional education and narrow regional gaps.These strategies aim to optimize the allocation of educational resources,improve the quality of education,and promote the all-round progress of the economy and society.
基金Supported by The Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,China,No.YDZJ202301ZYTS002The Jilin Province Medical and Health Talents Project,No.2019SRCJ010.
文摘BACKGROUND Carriers of chromosomal balanced translocations are often physically healthy with no obvious developmental problems.However,potential chromosomal imbalance in their gametes can lead to implantation failure,miscarriage,or the birth of a child with a chromosomal abnormality.CASE SUMMARY We report six cases of chromosomal translocations involving three families,including the specific Robertson(Roche)translocation.Case 1:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XX,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 2:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 18 weeks of gestation confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XY,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 3:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XY,t(5;18)(p13;p11).Case 4:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 14+6 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XX,der(18)t(5;18)(p13;p11)pat.Case 5:The karyotype of the proband was 45,XY,der(14;22)(q10;q10).Case 6:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 19+4 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 45,XX,rob(14;22)(q10;q10).CONCLUSION Carriers of chromosomal translocations have a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes,though they can still have normal offspring.This report on six cases of chromosomal translocations from three families could serve as a reference for future prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal translocations and decision-making on whether to continue the pregnancy.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with liver cirrhosis often experience muscle wasting that significantly affects their quality of life.AIM To investigate the effects of comprehensive nutritional and psychological interventions based on an amino acid-balanced diet on muscle wasting and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS A retrospective study of 130 patients with liver cirrhosis(May 2023 to June 2024)was divided into control(conventional treatment,n=65)and observational groups(conventional+amino acid-balanced nutrition and psychological intervention,n=65).Anxiety(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale),depression(Self-Rating Depression Scale),lower limb muscle strength,and quality of life(Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire)were assessed pre-intervention,and 3/6 months postintervention.RESULTS At baseline,no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age,sex,etiology of cirrhosis,disease duration,disease severity,or any other measured outcome(P>0.05).At 3 months and 6 months post-intervention,the observational group exhibited significantly lower Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores than the control group(P<0.05),indicating reduced anxiety and depression as well as higher grip strength and increased lower limb muscle strength(P<0.05).Additionally,the observational group demonstrated superior Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire scores across all domains, reflecting an improved quality of life (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONAn amino acid-balanced diet and psychological intervention can effectively alleviate anxiety and depression andimprove muscle strength and quality of life in patients with cirrhosis and are worthy of clinical promotion.
基金supporteded by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.22ZR1463900)State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration(Grant No.MSV202318)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.22120220649).
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM),particularly fused deposition modeling(FDM),has emerged as a transformative technology in modern manufacturing processes.The dimensional accuracy of FDM-printed parts is crucial for ensuring their functional integrity and performance.To achieve sustainable manufacturing in FDM,it is necessary to optimize the print quality and time efficiency concurrently.However,owing to the complex interactions of printing parameters,achieving a balanced optimization of both remains challenging.This study examines four key factors affecting dimensional accuracy and print time:printing speed,layer thickness,nozzle temperature,and bed temperature.Fifty parameter sets were generated using enhanced Latin hypercube sampling.A whale optimization algorithm(WOA)-enhanced support vector regression(SVR)model was developed to predict dimen-sional errors and print time effectively,with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅲ(NSGA-Ⅲ)utilized for multi-objective optimization.The technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)was applied to select a balanced solution from the Pareto front.In experimental validation,the parts printed using the optimized parameters exhibited excellent dimensional accuracy and printing efficiency.This study comprehensively considered optimizing the printing time and size to meet quality requirements while achieving higher printing efficiency and aiding in the realization of sustainable manufacturing in the field of AM.In addition,the printing of a specific prosthetic component was used as a case study,highlighting the high demands on both dimensional precision and printing efficiency.The optimized process parameters required significantly less printing time,while satisfying the dimensional accuracy requirements.This study provides valuable insights for achieving sustainable AM using FDM.
基金funded by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund,Chulalongkorn University(BCG_FF_68_165_2100_027)The first author(Tidarut Jirawattanasomkul)also gratefully acknowledges support from the Grants for Development of New Faculty Staff,Ratchadaphiseksomphot Fund,Chulalongkorn University.The corresponding author(Supasit Srivaranun)acknowledges the Research and Innovation Funding from National Research Council of Thailand(No.N84A680208)+2 种基金the Research Grant from Faculty of Engineering,Kasetsart University(No.67/05/CE)The fourth author(Suched Likitlersuang)acknowledges Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University(DISF68210001)the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT):Grant No.N42A670572.
文摘This study developed a digital twin(DT)and structural health monitoring(SHM)system for a balanced cantilever bridge,utilizing advanced measurement techniques to enhance accuracy.Vibration and dynamic strain measurements were obtained using accelerometers and piezo-resistive strain gauges,capturing low-magnitude dynamic strains during operational vibrations.3D-LiDAR scanning and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity(UPV)tests captured the bridge's as-is geometry and modulus of elasticity.The resulting detailed 3D point cloud model revealed the structure's true state and highlighted discrepancies between the as-designed and as-built conditions.Dynamic properties,including modal frequencies and shapes,were extracted from the strain and acceleration measurements,providing critical insights into the bridge's structural behavior.The neutral axis depth,indicating stress distribution and potential damage,was accurately determined.Good agreement between vibration measurement data and the as-is model results validated the reliability of the digital twin model.Dynamic strain patterns and neutral axis parameters showed strong correlation with model predictions,serving as sensitive indicators of local damage.The baseline digital twin model and measurement results establish a foundation for future bridge inspections and investigations.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining digital twin technology with field measurements for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance,ensuring the sustainability and safety of the bridge infrastructure,thereby enhancing its overall resilience to operational and environmental stressors.
基金supported in part by the Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under Grant FHD-2024-45764in part by TUBITAK 1515 Frontier R&D Laboratories Support Program for Turkcell 6GEN LAB under Grant 5229902Turkcell Technology R&D Center(Law no.5746)has partially supported this study。
文摘The increase in user mobility and density in modern cellular networks increases the risk of overloading certain base stations in popular locations such as shopping malls or stadiums,which can result in connection loss for some users.To combat this,the traffic load of base stations should be kept as balanced as possible.In this paper,we propose an efficient load balancing-aware handover algorithm for highly dynamic beyond 5G heterogeneous networks by assigning mobile users to base stations with lighter loads when a handover is performed.The proposed algorithm is evaluated in a scenario with users having different levels of mobility,such as pedestrians and vehicles,and is shown to outperform the conventional handover mechanism,as well as another algorithm from the literature.As a secondary benefit,the overall energy consumption in the network is shown to be reduced with the proposed algorithm.
基金Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60921001)National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (60625102)National Natural Science Foundation of China (60972007)
文摘Geographic routing is a highly active area of research in mobile ad hoc networks （MANETs） owing to its efficiency and scalability. However,the use of simple greedy forwarding decreases the packet reception rate （PRR） dramatically in unreliable wireless environments; this also depresses the network lifetime. Therefore,it is important to improve delivery performance and prolong MANET lifetime simultaneously. In this article,a novel geographic routing algorithm,named energy-efficiency and load-loalanced geographic routing （ELGR）,is presented for lossy MANETs. ELGR combines energy efficiency and load balance to make routing decisions. First,a link estimation scheme for the PRR is presented that increases the network energy efficiency level. Second,a learning method is proposed to adaptively sense local network loads,allowing enhanced whole network load balance. The results of a simulation show that ELGR performs better than several other geographic routing algorithms; in particular it extends network lifetime by about 20%,with a higher delivery ratio.
基金Supported by Crop Breeding Key Program of the 12th Five-year Plan(No.2011yzgg-1302-01)Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2011LWJJ-008)+1 种基金Sichuan Financial Genetic Engineering(2011JYGC10-027-02)Special Fund of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction(No.CARS-22)~~
文摘This paper study the effect of nitrogen （N, X1）, phosphorus （P, X2） and potassium （K, X3） in different amounts on crude protein, soluble sugar, total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents in mulberry leaves, with mulberry trees in spring and autumn as the material and as per ＂3414＂ experimental design. The results showed that the qualities and active substance content of mulberry leaves changed from increasing to decreasing with its development; crude protein and solu-ble sugar achieved the peak on August 20; total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin was the highest on May 15. Fertilizations with N, P and K fertilizers at different amounts had significant effects on quality of mulberry leaf and content of active substances. Specifically, as fertilizer amount increased, the content of active sub- stances grew dramatically and achieved the highest at level 2 （X^2X=X~_）. Based on fertilizer effect functions of objective yield, the recommended amounts of N, P and K fertilizers based on crude protein, soluble sugar, flavonoid content and DNJ in test sites were 718.46, 220.11 and 305.23 kg/hm2, when the highest of crude protein in mulberry leaf was 1 813.83 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were recommended at 666.54, 204.41 and 243.18 kg/hm2, soluble sugar in mulberry leaf achieved the peak at 1 042.65 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 675.96, 326.49 and 462.90 kg/hm2, flavonoid content achieved the maximum at 147.90 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 720.9, 225.11 and 323.63 kg/hm2, DNJ content was the highest at 13.55 kg/hm2.
文摘A 4-12GHz wideband power amplifier,using a balanced configuration with a strip line Lange coupler, is designed and fabricated. This power amplifier shows a maximum continuous wave output power of 29.5dBm at 8GHz center frequency with an associated gain of 8.5dB and a gain flatness of ＋ /- 0.6dB in the 4-12GHz frequency range.
基金Supported by Special Fund from Ministry of Agriculture for Scientific Research(200903025-05)~~
文摘Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two slow-re- lease fertilizers and balanced fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of peppers at Jiangna Town, Yanshan County, Yunnan Province in 2011. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in dried pepper plant, pepper yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake in peppers were significantly increased in all the fertilizer treat- ments, compared with those in control （no fertilizer）. Compared with conventional fertilization, balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer significantly increased dried pepper economic output by 20.94%, 17.5% and 14.54%, nitrogen uptake in dried peppers by 21.53%,18.46% and 13.19%, phosphorus uptake in dried peppers by 14.08%, 15.76% and 10.44%, potassium uptake in dried peppers by 22.66%, 15.73% and 16.28%; they also in- creased nitrogen and potassium use efficiency, but reduced potassium use efficiency due to the increased potassium addition. In treatments with balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer, the nitrogen utiliza- tion was 5.84%, 7.14% and 8.33% higher and the phosphorus utilization was 3.32%, 3.27% and 2.47% higher than those in treatment with conventional fertiliza- tion. In addition, the nitrogen application could be reduced by 20%-50% by bal- anced fertilization and the two slow-release fertilizers, thereby reducing environmen- tal pollution. Slow-release fertilizers could also reduce the frequency of fertilization and labor costs.
基金Supported by Excellent Paper Fund from Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.2011LWJJ-008)Breeding Genetic Engineering Project from Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance of the 12th Five-Year Plan(2011JYGC10-027-02)Special Fund for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(Sericulture)~~
文摘In order to increase mulberry leaf yield and production efficiency in hilly areas of Sichuan Province through scientific fertilization,＂3414＂,a quadratic regression design for modern fertilization,was employed to simulate the regression relationship between mulberry leaf yield and major fertilizer elements including nitrogen（N）,phosphor（P） and potassium（K） among which mulberry leaf yield was the objective function and N,P and K were the regulatory factors to fertilization level.As a result,7 types of ternary,binary and monadic quadratic fertilizer effect functions of N,P and K fertilizer elements were established.The weight of fertilizer factors in the optimal mulberry leaf yield obtained by various types of functions was in decreasing order of KPKPNPKNKNNP,and the weight of fertilizer factors in the ratio of leaf yield to input was in decreasing order of K〉PK〉NPK〉P〉NK〉NP〉N.To be specific,the ternary quadratic fertilizer effect function（Y=20 313＋0.25X1＋43.48 X2＋34.47X3-0.01X1^2-0.14X2^2-0.06X3^2＋0.05X1X2＋0.02X1X3-0.07X2X3,in which X1,X2 and X3 indicate the fertilizer factors N,P and K,respectively） was a model containing all factors,thereby being a recommended fertilization program for mulberry field.Single factor effect analysis indicated that K fertilizer had the highest influence on mulberry leaf yield and ratio of leaf yield to input.Therefore,among all the simulation functions,the monadic quadratic fertilizer effect function of K fertilizer factor（Y=25 002.27＋44.728X3-0.084X32） leads to the optimal leaf yield and maximum ratio of leaf yield to input.By using the optimal fertilization program with 600 kg/hm2 N,210 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 254.33 kg/hm2 K2O,the optimal economic leaf yield obtained is 30 945.00 kg/hm2,the cost of fertilizer input is 4 403.65 yuan/hm2,and the ratio of leaf yield to input is as high as 17.57.After verification by production practices,the recommended fertilization indicators in the optimal mulberry fertilization program can provide reference for the construction of high-yield mulberry field in hilly areas of Sichuan Province.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60572072,60496311),the National High Technology Researchand Development Program of China (863Program ) ( No.2003AA123310),the International Cooperation Project on Beyond 3G Mobile of China (No.2005DFA10360).
文摘The problem of joint eigenvalue estimation for the non-defective commuting set of matrices A is addressed. A procedure revealing the joint eigenstructure by simultaneous diagonalization of. A with simultaneous Schur decomposition （SSD） and balance procedure alternately is proposed for performance considerations and also for overcoming the convergence difficulties of previous methods based only on simultaneous Schur form and unitary transformations, it is shown that the SSD procedure can be well incorporated with the balancing algorithm in a pingpong manner, i. e., each optimizes a cost function and at the same time serves as an acceleration procedure for the other. Under mild assumptions, the convergence of the two cost functions alternately optimized, i. e., the norm of A and the norm of the left-lower part of A is proved. Numerical experiments are conducted in a multi-dimensional harmonic retrieval application and suggest that the presented method converges considerably faster than the methods based on only unitary transformation for matrices which are not near to normality.
