There is a lack of information of whether the behavior pattern and physical condition of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) have been limited by conditions encountered at stopover sites in Changgou village,which is adjac...There is a lack of information of whether the behavior pattern and physical condition of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) have been limited by conditions encountered at stopover sites in Changgou village,which is adjacent to Zhalong Nature Reserve in northeastern China,one of the most important stopover sites of this crane.The objective of our research was to investigatethe impact of human-caused disturbances on the Hooded Cranes.We investigated three behavior activities of the Hooded Cranes,i.e.,flying time,flushing distance and the duration of vigilance.The results indicate that the auditory stimuli caused by local people provoked the most pronounced disturbances to the Hooded Crane.Human-caused disturbances not only frequently interrupt the feeding process of the cranes,but also lead to an increase of 200％ in the duration of their vigilance and a significant increase in flying time from 0.4 to 0.7 h (p ＜ 0.05).In addition,high-intensity noise can cause larger flushing distances; foraging cranes will flush away by about 600 m when disturbed by the honking of vehicles.Whistles or shouts by local farmers in the field generated the largest sound intensity,about 120 dB,which caused a flushing distance of over 700 m.In order to reduce the negative effect of human-caused disturbances on these cranes,it is imperative to define a buffer zone around sensitive areas during the fall stopover period.To solve the conflict between the interest of farmers and the demand for crops on the part of the cranes requires financial compensation to the farmers for the crops consumed by the Hooded Crane in order to enhance the conservation of this vulnerable bird species.展开更多
Three binuclear rare earth based complexes combining RE ions with semirigid tricarboxylic ligand(H_(3)L).namely,[RE_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4)][RE=Gd,Tb,and Dy;H_(3)L=5-((4-Carboxybenzyl)oxy)isophthalic acid;DMF=N,N-dimethyl...Three binuclear rare earth based complexes combining RE ions with semirigid tricarboxylic ligand(H_(3)L).namely,[RE_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4)][RE=Gd,Tb,and Dy;H_(3)L=5-((4-Carboxybenzyl)oxy)isophthalic acid;DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide]complexes,were fabricated success fully.The RE_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4) co mplexe s consist of two central RE ions with the same coordination environment which were connected by two tridentate bridging carboxylic groups and two syn-syn bidentate bridging carboxylic groups originating from the L^(3-)ligands to form the{RE_(2)}dimeric unit,and thus provides the basis for further constructing a dense three-dimensional(3 D)network structure.Moreover,the present RE_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4) complexes can be described by a topology diagram with the topology point symbol of{4^(2)·6}_(2){4^(4)·6^(2)·8^(7)·10^(2)}.Weak antiferromagnetic(AFM)coupling between the adjacent RE ions for all the present complexes was found according to the magnetic calculations.The observed significant cryogenic magnetocaloric effect(MCE)with the maximum magnetic entropy change-ΔS_(M)^(max) to be 26.3 J/(kg·K)withΔH=7 T in Gd_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4) complex makes it competitive for the cryogenic magnetic refrigerant.Moreover,the slow magnetic relaxation behavior at 0.2 T dc field with an obvious large U_(eff)/k=45(4)K and τ_(0)=6.5(2)×10^(-10)s was confirmed in Dy_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4)complex.This work not only provides an effective strategy for obtaining molecular materials with high MCE,but also confirms that tricarboxylate ligands are the ideal choice for constructing stable high dimensional geometric structures.展开更多
文摘There is a lack of information of whether the behavior pattern and physical condition of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) have been limited by conditions encountered at stopover sites in Changgou village,which is adjacent to Zhalong Nature Reserve in northeastern China,one of the most important stopover sites of this crane.The objective of our research was to investigatethe impact of human-caused disturbances on the Hooded Cranes.We investigated three behavior activities of the Hooded Cranes,i.e.,flying time,flushing distance and the duration of vigilance.The results indicate that the auditory stimuli caused by local people provoked the most pronounced disturbances to the Hooded Crane.Human-caused disturbances not only frequently interrupt the feeding process of the cranes,but also lead to an increase of 200％ in the duration of their vigilance and a significant increase in flying time from 0.4 to 0.7 h (p ＜ 0.05).In addition,high-intensity noise can cause larger flushing distances; foraging cranes will flush away by about 600 m when disturbed by the honking of vehicles.Whistles or shouts by local farmers in the field generated the largest sound intensity,about 120 dB,which caused a flushing distance of over 700 m.In order to reduce the negative effect of human-caused disturbances on these cranes,it is imperative to define a buffer zone around sensitive areas during the fall stopover period.To solve the conflict between the interest of farmers and the demand for crops on the part of the cranes requires financial compensation to the farmers for the crops consumed by the Hooded Crane in order to enhance the conservation of this vulnerable bird species.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91963123)the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU(SKLSP202020)+1 种基金the Ten Thousand Talents Plan of Zhejiang Province of China(2018R52003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial University of Zhejiang(GK199900299012-022)。
文摘Three binuclear rare earth based complexes combining RE ions with semirigid tricarboxylic ligand(H_(3)L).namely,[RE_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4)][RE=Gd,Tb,and Dy;H_(3)L=5-((4-Carboxybenzyl)oxy)isophthalic acid;DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide]complexes,were fabricated success fully.The RE_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4) co mplexe s consist of two central RE ions with the same coordination environment which were connected by two tridentate bridging carboxylic groups and two syn-syn bidentate bridging carboxylic groups originating from the L^(3-)ligands to form the{RE_(2)}dimeric unit,and thus provides the basis for further constructing a dense three-dimensional(3 D)network structure.Moreover,the present RE_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4) complexes can be described by a topology diagram with the topology point symbol of{4^(2)·6}_(2){4^(4)·6^(2)·8^(7)·10^(2)}.Weak antiferromagnetic(AFM)coupling between the adjacent RE ions for all the present complexes was found according to the magnetic calculations.The observed significant cryogenic magnetocaloric effect(MCE)with the maximum magnetic entropy change-ΔS_(M)^(max) to be 26.3 J/(kg·K)withΔH=7 T in Gd_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4) complex makes it competitive for the cryogenic magnetic refrigerant.Moreover,the slow magnetic relaxation behavior at 0.2 T dc field with an obvious large U_(eff)/k=45(4)K and τ_(0)=6.5(2)×10^(-10)s was confirmed in Dy_(2)(L)_(2)(DMF)_(4)complex.This work not only provides an effective strategy for obtaining molecular materials with high MCE,but also confirms that tricarboxylate ligands are the ideal choice for constructing stable high dimensional geometric structures.
