Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SD...Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Edwardsiella tarda(E.tarda)belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is generally seen to cause infections mainly in fish,but is also capable of infecting humans.Extraintestinal infections occur in patie...BACKGROUND Edwardsiella tarda(E.tarda)belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is generally seen to cause infections mainly in fish,but is also capable of infecting humans.Extraintestinal infections occur in patients with certain risk factors,including immunocompromised status.We recently diagnosed a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP)due to E.tarda in an immuno-compromised dialysis patient.CASE SUMMARY Patient was a 55-year-old male,with a history of diabetic nephropathy being treated with hemodialysis three times a week.He was referred to our hospital due to an increased volume of ascites,and blood examination revealed increased inflammatory reaction.At our emergency department,he developed fever,disturbance of consciousness,abdominal distension,and abdomen-wide pain.In addition,a dialysis shunt was confirmed in his right forearm,and the shunt site showed no signs of inflammation.No wounds were confirmed on or in his body.A blood examination revealed increased values of white blood cells,C-reactive protein,and creatinine.Plain chest and abdominal computed tomography scanning revealed increased ascites volume.Abdominal paracentesis was performed and a Gram stain revealed Gramnegative bacillus.These findings prompted diagnosis of SBP.The patient was admitted and treated with cefmetazole,causing fever resolution and symptom improvements.Later,E.tarda was identified in ascites culture.The patient improved with decreased inflammatory response and was discharged on the 12th day of hospitalization.The antibiotic was terminated after 14 days of treatment.SBP in this case may have developed from chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION We report the first known case of SBP due to E.tarda in an immuno-compromised dialysis patient.展开更多
Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without ...Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without the dependence of antibiotic.Methods:Herein,we prepared ultrasound/magnetic field-responsive ferroferric oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4))/glucose oxidase microbubbles(FGMB)to form a cascade catalytic system for effective removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.FGMB were prepared through interfacial self-assembly of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(NPs)and glucose oxidase(GOx)at the gas-liquid interface stabilized by surfactants.Under ultrasound/magnetic field stimulation,FGMB disrupted biofilm architecture through microbubble collapse-induced microjets and magnetically driven displacement.Simultaneously,ultrasound-triggered rupture of FGMB released GOx and Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs.Glucose can be oxidized by GOx to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide which was subsequently catalyzed into hydroxyl radicals by Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs,enabling chemical eradication of biofilm-embedded bacteria.Results:Optical microscopy images demonstrated that FGMB have spherical structure with average size of approximately 17μm.FGMB showed a 65.4%decrease in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm biomass and 1.1 log bacterial inactivation efficiency(91.2%),suggesting effective biofilm elimination.In vitro experimental results also indicate that FGMB have good biocompatibility.Conclusion:This antibiofilm strategy integrated dual modes of physical biofilm disruption with chemical bacteria-killing shows great potential as a versatile,non-resistant strategy for bacterial biofilm elimination.展开更多
The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR...The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.展开更多
Rice-fish coculture(RFC)has aroused extensive concern for its contribution to food security and resource conservation,but whether it can improve soil phosphorus(P)availability and affect microbe-mediated P turnover re...Rice-fish coculture(RFC)has aroused extensive concern for its contribution to food security and resource conservation,but whether it can improve soil phosphorus(P)availability and affect microbe-mediated P turnover remains elusive.Herein,we conducted a microcosm experiment to assess the impacts of RFC combined with(50 mg P kg^(-1)as KH2PO4)and without inorganic P addition on P fractions,P availability,and phoD-harboring bacterial community composition.The results revealed that RFC without P addition significantly improved P availability and phosphatase activity in paddy soil,while soil available P(AP),pH,and microbial biomass P(MBP)contributed to regulating P fractions.Moreover,the phoD-harboring bacterial abundance was linked to phosphatase activity,AP,total carbon(TC),and total P(TP)contents,and the ratios of TC to total nitrogen(TN)and TN to TP.We also found that the keystone taxa of phoD-harboring bacteria contributed to phosphatase production as well as organic P mineralization,thereby improving P availability.Our findings suggest that RFC without P addition is beneficial for promoting the expression of phoD-harboring bacterial functions to improve the capacity of P mineralization.Overall,our study provides insights into the responses of phoD-harboring bacterial functions for P turnover to RFC combined with and without P addition,showing the potential utilization of P resources in agricultural soil and the contribution of phosphatase activity to P acquisition in agriculture ecosystem.展开更多
Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding cassette(ABC)transporter systems are divided into importers and exporters that facilitate the movement of diverse substrate molecules across the lipid bilayer,against the concentrat...Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding cassette(ABC)transporter systems are divided into importers and exporters that facilitate the movement of diverse substrate molecules across the lipid bilayer,against the concentration gradient.These transporters comprise two highly conserved nucleotide-binding domains(NBDs)and two transmembrane domains(TMDs).Unlike ABC exporters,prokaryotic ABC importers require an additional substrate-binding protein(SBP)as a recognition site for specific substrate translocation.The discovery of a large number of ABC systems in bacterial pathogens revealed that these transporters are crucial for the establishment of bacterial infections.The existing literature has highlighted the roles of ABC transporters in bacterial growth,pathogenesis,and virulence.These roles include importing essential nutrients required for a variety of cellular processes and exporting outer membrane-associated virulence factors and antimicrobial substances.This review outlines the general structures and classification of ABC systems to provide a comprehensive view of the activities and roles of ABC transporters associated with bacterial virulence and pathogenesis during infection.展开更多
Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars.The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between...Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars.The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between eight peanut cultivars and 27 wild species carrying the A,B,E,Ex,F,K,P,and H genomes.Embryo culture and chromosome doubling led to polyploids representing hybrids between cultivated peanut and A.stenosperma,A.macedoi,A.duranensis,A.villosa,and A.diogoi.The first two showed greater resistance to bacterial wilt than their cultivated parents.DNA markers were developed for verifying the hybrids and for identifying translocation or introgression lines with alien chromosome fragments.展开更多
Solar-driven Fenton-like reactions are promising strategies for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater to address environmental challenges and antibiotic pollution.However,its efficacy is limited by suboptimal light abso...Solar-driven Fenton-like reactions are promising strategies for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater to address environmental challenges and antibiotic pollution.However,its efficacy is limited by suboptimal light absorption efficiency,rapid charge recombination,and inadequate interfacial charge transfer.In this study,an inorganic/organic S-scheme photo-Fenton system of pseudobrookite/carbon nitride(FTOCN)was synthesized via a hydrothermally coupled calcination process for the effective purification of tetracycline antibiotics under visible-light irradiation.The optimized FTOCN-2 heterostructure exhibits a significantly enhanced TC degradation capacity of 90%within 60 min.The rate constant of FTOCN-2 is 1.6 and 5.2 times greater than those of FTO and CN,respectively.Furthermore,FTOCN exhibits high antibacterial efficacy,highlighting its potential application in the purification of natural water.Measurements via a range of analytical techniques,including Kelvin probe force microscopy,density functional theory calculations,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,corroborate the S-scheme mechanism.This study provides a novel perspective for the development of photo-Fenton systems with S-scheme heterojunctions for water purification.展开更多
Bacterial blight(BB),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo),poses a significant threat to rice production,particularly in Asia and West Africa.Breeding resistance against BB in elite rice varieties is cruci...Bacterial blight(BB),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo),poses a significant threat to rice production,particularly in Asia and West Africa.Breeding resistance against BB in elite rice varieties is crucial to advancing rice breeding program and supporting smallholder farmers.Transcription Activator-Like effectors(TALes)are key virulence factors in Xoo,with some targeting the susceptibility(S)genes such as the sugar transporter SWEET genes in rice.Among these,SWEET14 is an important S gene,with its promoter bound by the TALe TalC which exists across all sequenced African Xoo isolates.In the present study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9-based cytidine and adenine base editors to alter the effector binding element(EBE)of TalC in the promoter of SWEET14 in rice cultivars Kitaake,IR24,and Zhonghua 11.Mutations with C to T changes in EBE led to reduced SWEET14 induction by TalC-containing Xoo strains,resulting in resistance to African Xoo isolates reliant on TalC for virulence.Conversely,A to G changes retained SWEET14 inducibility and susceptibility to Xoo in edited lines.Importantly,no off-target mutations were detected at predicted sites,and the edited lines exhibited no obvious defects in major agronomic traits in Kitaake.These results underscore the effectiveness of base editing systems for both molecular biology research and crop improvement endeavors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)is suspected and excluded frequently in functional gastrointestinal(GI)disorders.Children presenting with various esophago-gastro-duodenal(upper GI)symptoms are ra...BACKGROUND Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)is suspected and excluded frequently in functional gastrointestinal(GI)disorders.Children presenting with various esophago-gastro-duodenal(upper GI)symptoms are rarely subjected to investig-ations for SIBO.AIM To estimate the frequency of SIBO in children having functional upper GI sym-ptoms(as cases)and to compare the result of the SIBO status to that of the con-trols.METHODS Children aged 6 to 18 who presented with upper GI symptoms were selected for the study.All children were subjected to upper GI endoscopy before being advised of any proton pump inhibitors(PPIs).Children with normal endoscopy were assigned as cases,and children having any endoscopic lesion were design-ated as controls.Both groups were subjected to a glucose-hydrogen breath test by Bedfont Gastrolyser.RESULTS A total of 129 consecutive children who were naive to PPIs and had normal ba-seline investigations were included in the study.Among them,67 patients had endoscopic lesions and served as the control group,with six cases being excluded due to the presence of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies.Sixty-two children with normal endoscopy results formed the case group.In the case group,35 children(59%)tested positive for hydrogen breath tests,compared to 13 children(21%)in the control group.The calculated odds ratio was 5.38(95%confidence interval:2.41-12.0),which was statistically significant.Further analysis of symptoms revealed that nausea,halitosis,foul-smelling eructation,and epigastric fullness were positive predictors of SIBO.CONCLUSION It is worthwhile to investigate and treat SIBO in all children presenting with upper GI symptoms that are not explained by endoscopy findings.展开更多
In recent years, valuable experience and insights have been gained into L-forms (cell-wall-deficient variants) of bacteria and fungi and their disease-trigger potential in cases with chronic infections, autism spectru...In recent years, valuable experience and insights have been gained into L-forms (cell-wall-deficient variants) of bacteria and fungi and their disease-trigger potential in cases with chronic infections, autism spectrum disorders, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the concept of “internal” blood microbiota, consisting of L-forms and its relevance to health and disease, the current study aims to outline the profile of dysbiotic disorders in three cancer patients (with endometrial cancer, breast cancer and acute myeloid leukemia), all in a phase before chemotherapy. Venous blood samples from the patients and from one control healthy person, were microbiologically studied. The used novel methodology of blood microbiota assessment was based on the following phases: isolation of L-forms, development and propagation, cultivation and conversion of L-forms into classical bacteria and fungi, as well as their identification with MALDI-TOF method. From the patients were isolated L-forms of opportunistic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Esherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans) and fungi such as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucorales. In conclusion, the common feature found for the three cancer patients was the isolation from the blood of highly associated communities consisting of morphologically indistinguishable L-bodies, which through reversion in broth, were identified as distinct bacterial and fungal species. Unlike classic bacteria or fungi causing sepsis and bacteremia/fungemia, the presence of L-forms in blood is hidden, it does not demonstrate clinical signs nor it can be detected by conventional methods. It should be noted, however, that the dysbiotic blood microbiota shows unique and individual characteristics for the concrete cancer patient, correlates to the common state of the organism and tumor localization in the body, as well as it outlines the cancer promoting role of L-forms in processes of malignization, cancer genesis and progression.展开更多
Honey, an apicultural product with a complex chemical composition, contains numerous bioactive compounds with potential antimicrobial effects. This study investigated the effect of Apis mellifera honey from Brazil’s ...Honey, an apicultural product with a complex chemical composition, contains numerous bioactive compounds with potential antimicrobial effects. This study investigated the effect of Apis mellifera honey from Brazil’s Central-West Region, combined with antibiotics, on bacterial membrane permeability, exploring the contributions of bioactive compounds and the botanical origin of honey. Six fresh Apis mellifera honey samples and their fractions (hexane and ethyl acetate) were analyzed, for a total of 18 samples. The bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, Helicobacter pylori and Enterococcus faecalis were used for antibacterial activity tests, which included minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and synergistic effect (checkerboard) assays. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were quantified, and the botanical origin was determined based on pollen analysis. The tested honey samples significantly affected bacterial membrane permeability when combined with rifampicin and clarithromycin. Although many honey-derived bioactive compounds, when isolated, did not exhibit significant activity against these bacteria, the additive or synergistic effect of multiple compounds acting on different targets appears to potentiate the antibacterial action. Descriptive statistical analysis, including means and 95% confidence intervals, confirmed the relevance of the findings. This study has provided an important discovery: Honey has an effect on bacterial membrane permeability, although the specific mechanisms involved in this process require further investigation.展开更多
The presence of the blood–brain barrier limits the drug concentration in the brain,while low concentrations of antibiotics make it difficult to kill infecting bacteria and tends to induce drug resistance,making the c...The presence of the blood–brain barrier limits the drug concentration in the brain,while low concentrations of antibiotics make it difficult to kill infecting bacteria and tends to induce drug resistance,making the clinical treatment of bacterial meningitis challenging.Herein,a nose-to-brain delivery strategy of small-sized nanozyme has been fabricated for combating bacterial meningitis,to overcome the low drug concentration and drug resistance.This strategy was achieved by a proteinsupported Au nanozyme(ANZ).With a particle size of less than 10 nm,it possesses both glucose oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activities and can generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species through a cascade effect without the addition of external H_(2)O_(2).Benefiting from the cascade catalytic amplification effect generated by its dual enzymelike activities,ANZ shows significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activity without inducing bacterial resistance in vitro.Notably,small-sized ANZ exhibits higher brain entry efficiency and greater accumulation after intranasal administration compared to oral or intravenous administration.In a mouse model of bacterial meningitis,the mice treated with ANZ had lower bacterial loads in the brain and higher survival and clinical behavior scores compared to the classical antibiotic ceftriaxone.Additionally,the meningitis mice exhibited undamaged cognitive and behavioral abilities,indicating the excellent biocompatibility of ANZ.The above results demonstrate that nose-to-brain delivery of ANZ exhibits high intracerebral accumulation,strong antibacterial efficacy and does not lead to bacterial resistance.It holds broad prospects for the treatment of bacterial meningitis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination during colonoscopy is a significant concern,yet few studies have evaluated bacterial aerosols.This study aimed to determine whether covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymoly...BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination during colonoscopy is a significant concern,yet few studies have evaluated bacterial aerosols.This study aimed to determine whether covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze(refers to sterile gauze soaked in a multi-enzyme cleaning solution)reduces bacterial air pollution in endoscopy rooms.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of an enzymolysis gauze cover in reducing bacterial aerosols from the biopsy valve.METHODS This prospective,single-blind trial included 80 patients undergoing elective diagnostic colonoscopy.During the procedure,the biopsy hole check valve was either covered or left uncovered with enzymolysis gauze.Air samples(100 L)were collected at a distance of 30 cm from the biopsy hole check valve and approximately 140 cm above the floor using a percussive air sampling instrument.Gram-positive bacteria were cultured on standard 90 mm colimycin nalidixic agar blood plates.The primary outcome measures were bacterial load and species identification.RESULTS Covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze reduced bacterial load near the check valve from 50 colony-forming unit(CFU)/m^(3)[interquartile range(IQR):30-80]to 20 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:10-20).At the end of the procedure each day,covering the valve also decreased bacterial load in the endoscopy room from 35 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:33-85)to 10 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:5-10).The predominant bacteria identified were Gram-positive cocci.CONCLUSION Applying enzymolysis gauze to cover the biopsy hole check valve significantly reduces bacterial aerosol contamination in endoscopy rooms during colonoscopy.展开更多
The conversion of saline-alkali soils into paddy fields for long-term rice cultivation involves multiple disturbances,and as a result,soil microbial communities are altered to adapt to changing environmental condition...The conversion of saline-alkali soils into paddy fields for long-term rice cultivation involves multiple disturbances,and as a result,soil microbial communities are altered to adapt to changing environmental conditions.However,a comprehensive understanding of the succession of soil bacterial communities that occurs during this process is still lacking.In the present study,we utilized data obtained from paddy fields of different rice cultivation years(0-23 years)to investigate the compositional and functional succession of soil bacterial communities.We focused on core bacterial taxa that were specifically enriched at different successional stages.Generalized joint attribute modeling(GJAM)was used to identify core bacterial taxa.Results indicated that the bare saline-alkali soil(0 year,prior to any rice cultivation)shared few core amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)with paddy fields.In the bare saline-alkali soil,Longimicrobiaceae from the phylum Gemmatimonadetes was dominant,while the dominance was subsequently replaced by Burkholderiaceae and Pedosphaeraceae--phyla affiliated with Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia--after 5 and 23 years of rice cultivation,respectively.The relative abundances of nitrogen metabolism functions in the core bacterial communities of the bare saline-alkali soil were higher than those at other successional stages,while sulfur metabolism functions exhibited the opposite trend.These indicated that the role of the core bacterial taxa in mediating nutrient cycling also evolved and adapted to changing soil conditions as rice cultivation was established.Redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated that the composition of the core bacterial community in paddy fields with rice cultivation for 0,2 and 4,6,8,10,and 12,and 20 and 23 years were driven by soil nitrate nitrogen content,pH,available phosphorus content,and the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen,respectively.In summary,the present study provides insights into the succession of soil bacterial communities and core bacterial taxa that occurs during long-term rice cultivation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat,and understanding local trends in bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective infection control and antimicrobial st...BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat,and understanding local trends in bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has introduced additional complexities,potentially influencing these patterns.AIM To analyze trends in bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex from 2018 to 2023,with a specific focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends.METHODS A retrospective analysis of microbiological data was conducted,covering the period from 2018 to 2023.The study included key bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli(E.coli),Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Staphylococcus aureus,among others.The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these isolates were assessed using standard laboratory methods.To contextualize the findings,the findings were compared with similar studies from other regions,including China,India,Romania,Saudi Arabia,the United Arab Emirates,Malaysia,and United States.RESULTS The study revealed fluctuating trends in the prevalence of bacterial isolates,with notable changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.For example,a significant increase in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was observed during the pandemic years,while the prevalence of E.coli showed a more variable pattern.Antibiotic resistance rates varied among the different pathogens,with a concerning rise in resistance to commonly used antibiotics,particularly among Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli.Additionally,the study identified an alarming increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant(MDR)strains,especially within Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli isolates.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends was evident,with shifts in the frequency,resistance patterns,and the emergence of MDR bacteria among several key pathogens.CONCLUSION This study highlights the dynamic nature of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex,particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and effective anti-microbial stewardship programs to combat the evolving threat of antibiotic resistance.Further research and policy initiatives are required to address the identified challenges and improve patient outcomes in the face of these ongoing challenges.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)bacterial wilt(BW)is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum(RS)that poses a significant threat to peanut yield and quality.Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(N...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)bacterial wilt(BW)is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum(RS)that poses a significant threat to peanut yield and quality.Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NBS-LRR)proteins are a class of plant-specific immune receptors that recognize pathogen-secreted effector molecules and activate immune responses to resist pathogen infections.However,the precise functions of AhCN genes(where CN is a class of nucleotide-binding site,leucine-rich repeat receptor(NLR)genes that lack LRR structural domains)in peanut plants are not fully understood.In this study,a total of 150 AhCN genes were identified and classified into nine subfamilies based on a systematic phylogenetic analysis.The AhCN genes showed highly conserved structural features,and the promoter cis-elements indicated involvement in plant hormone signaling and defense responses.After inoculation with RS,the highly resistant peanut variety‘H108’significantly outperformed the susceptible variety‘H107’based on physiological indicators such as plant height,main stem diameter,and fresh weight,likely due to the inhibition of bacterial proliferation and diffusion in the stem vascular bundle.AhCN34 was found to be significantly upregulated in‘H108’compared to‘H107’during plant infection and in response to treatments with each of three plant hormones.Importantly,AhCN34 overexpression in peanut leaves enhanced their resistance to BW.These findings demonstrate the great potential of AhCN34 for applications in peanut resistance breeding.Our identification and characterization of the AhCN genes provide insights into the mechanisms underlying BW resistance in peanut and can inform future research into genetic methods of improving BW resistance in peanut.展开更多
Increasing attention has been paid to radioactive wastewater to direct discharge in Japan or accidental leaks.Strontium-90(90Sr)and Cobalt-60(^(60)Co)are the most hazardous nuclides in waste discharged form nuclear re...Increasing attention has been paid to radioactive wastewater to direct discharge in Japan or accidental leaks.Strontium-90(90Sr)and Cobalt-60(^(60)Co)are the most hazardous nuclides in waste discharged form nuclear reactors.Because of their high solubility and long half-lives,these radioisotopes can persist for hundreds of years before decaying to negligible levels.Herein,a green and biodegradable material nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)supported by bacterial cellulose particles(BCP-nZVI)is constructed for the first time to adsorb Co^(2+)and Sr^(2+)in single and binary systems.BCP-nZVI shows superior adsorption capacities of Co^(2+)and Sr^(2+)in a single system within a wide range of pH values from 5 to 7,while the coexistence of Co^(2+)adsorption inhibits the Sr^(2+)in binary system.Pseudo-second-order dynamics model and Langmuir isothermal model can be indicated the BCP-nZVI adsorption progress with 107.10 mg/g(Co^(2+))and 64.96 mg/g(Sr^(2+))maximum adsorption capacity.BCP-nZVI has outstanding stability,allowing it to be stored for more than one month with compromising its performance.More importantly,BCP-nZVI exhibits exceptional removal efficiency of Co^(2+)(92.53%)and Sr^(2+)(58.62%)removal in natural seawater systems.The mechanism investigation illustrates the high adsorption capacity of BCP-nZVI for Co^(2+)is controlled by redox and hydroxyl complexation.While Sr^(2+)is controlled by hydroxyl complexed adsorption,thus it has weak against interference by cations like Na^(+),Ca^(2+),etc.BCP-nZVI exhibits the advantages of high adsorption capacity,wide pH range,strong stability,and good applicability in natural seawater,which has excellent potential for application in radioactive ions removal.展开更多
Background:Bacterial pneumonia continues to be a significant global health concern,particularly among high-risk groups,necessitating the development of precise and early diagnostic biomarkers.While the efficacy of pro...Background:Bacterial pneumonia continues to be a significant global health concern,particularly among high-risk groups,necessitating the development of precise and early diagnostic biomarkers.While the efficacy of procalcitonin(PCT)and C-reactive protein(CRP)as inflammatory markers is widely recognized,their relative diagnostic performance across different age groups remains debate.This meta-analysis was designed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of PCT and CRP in bacterial pneumonia.Methods:In this meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines,we searched PubMed,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library for relevant diagnostic accuracy studies.From 19 included studies(n=2,603),data were extracted to construct tables.Study quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool.The bivariate random-effects model was employed to derive pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative likelihood ratios,and summary AUCs.To explore the substantial heterogeneity(I^(2)>80%),we performed pre-specified subgroup analyses based on age demographics.Results:Our findings indicate superior diagnostic performance for PCT,evidenced by a pooled sensitivity of 0.8841 and specificity of 0.8499,relative to CRP’s sensitivity of 0.8371 and specificity of 0.7185.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)for PCT was 0.992,a value significantly higher than that of CRP(0.987).Intriguingly,subgroup analyses revealed age-dependent variations:CRP demonstrated enhanced diagnostic utility in minors,while PCT proved substantially more effective in non-elderly adults.Conclusion:These results reinforce the clinical relevance of PCT as a more dependable biomarker for bacterial pneumonia,particularly in informing antibiotic treatment and mitigating misuse.This study uniquely includes age-stratified analyses based on predefined groups(minors and non-elderly adults),providing refined insights for individualized diagnostic approaches.We propose further multicenter research endeavors to confirm threshold optimization and explore combined biomarker strategies.展开更多
This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of 2%lidocaine and its combination with 0.9%saline solution on Escherichia coli infection in superficial surgical wounds in Wistar rats.The goal was to determine if these...This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of 2%lidocaine and its combination with 0.9%saline solution on Escherichia coli infection in superficial surgical wounds in Wistar rats.The goal was to determine if these treatments could effectively reduce E.coli Colony Forming Units(CFUs)below the critical threshold of 1×105.Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups,each undergoing different interventions to assess the antibacterial efficacy of lidocaine,with outcomes measured through bacterial cultures and CFU quantification.Results demonstrated a Log10reduction of approximately 0.44 in E.coli CFUs following infiltration with 2%lidocaine.The combined use of 2%lidocaine infiltration and 0.9%saline irrigation resulted in nearly complete suppression of bacterial growth.These findings suggest that these simple interventions could be valuable in emergency surgical settings to mitigate the risk of surgical site infections and serve as effective prophylactic measures.increase in hospital stay,which represents an additional cost in terms of expenses and directly impacts the patient's outcome.11Several lines of evidence point to 104colony forming units per gram of tissue(CFUs/g)as the threshold at which healing generally begins to slow.12Knowledge of the antibacterial activity of lidocaine has been used to prevent bacterial contamination of other lipid-based anesthetics,such as propofol,with a significant decrease in bacterial development13-15and its antifungal effect.15,16Other effects attributed to lidocaine concerning systemic inflammatory response are the inhibition of granulocyte adhesion at sites of inflammation,decreased leukocyte adhesion during endotoxemia,and decreased macromolecular filtration;it is suggested that it may play a therapeutic role in endothelial damage during sepsis.17-19On the other hand,different measures have been taken to reduce the surgical wound infection rate,such as prophylactic antibiotics and local wound care,including pressure irrigation with 0.9% saline solution,with good results.20The antibacterial effect of lidocaine has been demonstrated in an animal model21;however,no model resembles surgical wound infection and the use of lidocaine to prevent infection.This study aimed to demonstrate that using 2% lidocaine(2 mL/g of tissue)will reduce the E.coli CFUs below 1×105in an infected superficial surgical wound in an experimental model.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(X2025102911746,X2025102910483).
文摘Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.
文摘BACKGROUND Edwardsiella tarda(E.tarda)belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is generally seen to cause infections mainly in fish,but is also capable of infecting humans.Extraintestinal infections occur in patients with certain risk factors,including immunocompromised status.We recently diagnosed a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP)due to E.tarda in an immuno-compromised dialysis patient.CASE SUMMARY Patient was a 55-year-old male,with a history of diabetic nephropathy being treated with hemodialysis three times a week.He was referred to our hospital due to an increased volume of ascites,and blood examination revealed increased inflammatory reaction.At our emergency department,he developed fever,disturbance of consciousness,abdominal distension,and abdomen-wide pain.In addition,a dialysis shunt was confirmed in his right forearm,and the shunt site showed no signs of inflammation.No wounds were confirmed on or in his body.A blood examination revealed increased values of white blood cells,C-reactive protein,and creatinine.Plain chest and abdominal computed tomography scanning revealed increased ascites volume.Abdominal paracentesis was performed and a Gram stain revealed Gramnegative bacillus.These findings prompted diagnosis of SBP.The patient was admitted and treated with cefmetazole,causing fever resolution and symptom improvements.Later,E.tarda was identified in ascites culture.The patient improved with decreased inflammatory response and was discharged on the 12th day of hospitalization.The antibiotic was terminated after 14 days of treatment.SBP in this case may have developed from chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION We report the first known case of SBP due to E.tarda in an immuno-compromised dialysis patient.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375101)the Natural Science of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(24KJB430027).
文摘Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without the dependence of antibiotic.Methods:Herein,we prepared ultrasound/magnetic field-responsive ferroferric oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4))/glucose oxidase microbubbles(FGMB)to form a cascade catalytic system for effective removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.FGMB were prepared through interfacial self-assembly of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(NPs)and glucose oxidase(GOx)at the gas-liquid interface stabilized by surfactants.Under ultrasound/magnetic field stimulation,FGMB disrupted biofilm architecture through microbubble collapse-induced microjets and magnetically driven displacement.Simultaneously,ultrasound-triggered rupture of FGMB released GOx and Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs.Glucose can be oxidized by GOx to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide which was subsequently catalyzed into hydroxyl radicals by Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs,enabling chemical eradication of biofilm-embedded bacteria.Results:Optical microscopy images demonstrated that FGMB have spherical structure with average size of approximately 17μm.FGMB showed a 65.4%decrease in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm biomass and 1.1 log bacterial inactivation efficiency(91.2%),suggesting effective biofilm elimination.In vitro experimental results also indicate that FGMB have good biocompatibility.Conclusion:This antibiofilm strategy integrated dual modes of physical biofilm disruption with chemical bacteria-killing shows great potential as a versatile,non-resistant strategy for bacterial biofilm elimination.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82573571)the Shanghai 2025 Basic Research Plan Natural Science Foundation(25ZR1401393)the First Batch of Open Topics of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices(2025QN13)。
文摘The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021B0202030002)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019B030301007)+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Special Project of Rural Revitalization Strategy,China(No.(2021)12)the Joint Team Project of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,China(No.NT2021010)the Innovation Team Construction Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Systems of Guangdong Province,China(No.2022KJ105).
文摘Rice-fish coculture(RFC)has aroused extensive concern for its contribution to food security and resource conservation,but whether it can improve soil phosphorus(P)availability and affect microbe-mediated P turnover remains elusive.Herein,we conducted a microcosm experiment to assess the impacts of RFC combined with(50 mg P kg^(-1)as KH2PO4)and without inorganic P addition on P fractions,P availability,and phoD-harboring bacterial community composition.The results revealed that RFC without P addition significantly improved P availability and phosphatase activity in paddy soil,while soil available P(AP),pH,and microbial biomass P(MBP)contributed to regulating P fractions.Moreover,the phoD-harboring bacterial abundance was linked to phosphatase activity,AP,total carbon(TC),and total P(TP)contents,and the ratios of TC to total nitrogen(TN)and TN to TP.We also found that the keystone taxa of phoD-harboring bacteria contributed to phosphatase production as well as organic P mineralization,thereby improving P availability.Our findings suggest that RFC without P addition is beneficial for promoting the expression of phoD-harboring bacterial functions to improve the capacity of P mineralization.Overall,our study provides insights into the responses of phoD-harboring bacterial functions for P turnover to RFC combined with and without P addition,showing the potential utilization of P resources in agricultural soil and the contribution of phosphatase activity to P acquisition in agriculture ecosystem.
基金supported by the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia under the Research University Grant(No.GUP-2020-030)awarded to Sylvia CHIENG.
文摘Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding cassette(ABC)transporter systems are divided into importers and exporters that facilitate the movement of diverse substrate molecules across the lipid bilayer,against the concentration gradient.These transporters comprise two highly conserved nucleotide-binding domains(NBDs)and two transmembrane domains(TMDs).Unlike ABC exporters,prokaryotic ABC importers require an additional substrate-binding protein(SBP)as a recognition site for specific substrate translocation.The discovery of a large number of ABC systems in bacterial pathogens revealed that these transporters are crucial for the establishment of bacterial infections.The existing literature has highlighted the roles of ABC transporters in bacterial growth,pathogenesis,and virulence.These roles include importing essential nutrients required for a variety of cellular processes and exporting outer membrane-associated virulence factors and antimicrobial substances.This review outlines the general structures and classification of ABC systems to provide a comprehensive view of the activities and roles of ABC transporters associated with bacterial virulence and pathogenesis during infection.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272153)Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Joint Fund(232301420025)+4 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200200)the Key Research Project of the Shennong Laboratory(SN01-2022-03)Independent Innovation Foundation of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2024ZC024)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System(S2012-5).
文摘Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars.The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between eight peanut cultivars and 27 wild species carrying the A,B,E,Ex,F,K,P,and H genomes.Embryo culture and chromosome doubling led to polyploids representing hybrids between cultivated peanut and A.stenosperma,A.macedoi,A.duranensis,A.villosa,and A.diogoi.The first two showed greater resistance to bacterial wilt than their cultivated parents.DNA markers were developed for verifying the hybrids and for identifying translocation or introgression lines with alien chromosome fragments.
文摘Solar-driven Fenton-like reactions are promising strategies for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater to address environmental challenges and antibiotic pollution.However,its efficacy is limited by suboptimal light absorption efficiency,rapid charge recombination,and inadequate interfacial charge transfer.In this study,an inorganic/organic S-scheme photo-Fenton system of pseudobrookite/carbon nitride(FTOCN)was synthesized via a hydrothermally coupled calcination process for the effective purification of tetracycline antibiotics under visible-light irradiation.The optimized FTOCN-2 heterostructure exhibits a significantly enhanced TC degradation capacity of 90%within 60 min.The rate constant of FTOCN-2 is 1.6 and 5.2 times greater than those of FTO and CN,respectively.Furthermore,FTOCN exhibits high antibacterial efficacy,highlighting its potential application in the purification of natural water.Measurements via a range of analytical techniques,including Kelvin probe force microscopy,density functional theory calculations,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,corroborate the S-scheme mechanism.This study provides a novel perspective for the development of photo-Fenton systems with S-scheme heterojunctions for water purification.
基金supported by a sub-award to the University of Missouri from the Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf funded by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(OPP1155704)(Bing Yang)and the China Scholar Council(Chenhao Li,as a joint Ph.D.student).
文摘Bacterial blight(BB),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo),poses a significant threat to rice production,particularly in Asia and West Africa.Breeding resistance against BB in elite rice varieties is crucial to advancing rice breeding program and supporting smallholder farmers.Transcription Activator-Like effectors(TALes)are key virulence factors in Xoo,with some targeting the susceptibility(S)genes such as the sugar transporter SWEET genes in rice.Among these,SWEET14 is an important S gene,with its promoter bound by the TALe TalC which exists across all sequenced African Xoo isolates.In the present study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9-based cytidine and adenine base editors to alter the effector binding element(EBE)of TalC in the promoter of SWEET14 in rice cultivars Kitaake,IR24,and Zhonghua 11.Mutations with C to T changes in EBE led to reduced SWEET14 induction by TalC-containing Xoo strains,resulting in resistance to African Xoo isolates reliant on TalC for virulence.Conversely,A to G changes retained SWEET14 inducibility and susceptibility to Xoo in edited lines.Importantly,no off-target mutations were detected at predicted sites,and the edited lines exhibited no obvious defects in major agronomic traits in Kitaake.These results underscore the effectiveness of base editing systems for both molecular biology research and crop improvement endeavors.
文摘BACKGROUND Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)is suspected and excluded frequently in functional gastrointestinal(GI)disorders.Children presenting with various esophago-gastro-duodenal(upper GI)symptoms are rarely subjected to investig-ations for SIBO.AIM To estimate the frequency of SIBO in children having functional upper GI sym-ptoms(as cases)and to compare the result of the SIBO status to that of the con-trols.METHODS Children aged 6 to 18 who presented with upper GI symptoms were selected for the study.All children were subjected to upper GI endoscopy before being advised of any proton pump inhibitors(PPIs).Children with normal endoscopy were assigned as cases,and children having any endoscopic lesion were design-ated as controls.Both groups were subjected to a glucose-hydrogen breath test by Bedfont Gastrolyser.RESULTS A total of 129 consecutive children who were naive to PPIs and had normal ba-seline investigations were included in the study.Among them,67 patients had endoscopic lesions and served as the control group,with six cases being excluded due to the presence of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies.Sixty-two children with normal endoscopy results formed the case group.In the case group,35 children(59%)tested positive for hydrogen breath tests,compared to 13 children(21%)in the control group.The calculated odds ratio was 5.38(95%confidence interval:2.41-12.0),which was statistically significant.Further analysis of symptoms revealed that nausea,halitosis,foul-smelling eructation,and epigastric fullness were positive predictors of SIBO.CONCLUSION It is worthwhile to investigate and treat SIBO in all children presenting with upper GI symptoms that are not explained by endoscopy findings.
文摘In recent years, valuable experience and insights have been gained into L-forms (cell-wall-deficient variants) of bacteria and fungi and their disease-trigger potential in cases with chronic infections, autism spectrum disorders, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the concept of “internal” blood microbiota, consisting of L-forms and its relevance to health and disease, the current study aims to outline the profile of dysbiotic disorders in three cancer patients (with endometrial cancer, breast cancer and acute myeloid leukemia), all in a phase before chemotherapy. Venous blood samples from the patients and from one control healthy person, were microbiologically studied. The used novel methodology of blood microbiota assessment was based on the following phases: isolation of L-forms, development and propagation, cultivation and conversion of L-forms into classical bacteria and fungi, as well as their identification with MALDI-TOF method. From the patients were isolated L-forms of opportunistic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Esherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans) and fungi such as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucorales. In conclusion, the common feature found for the three cancer patients was the isolation from the blood of highly associated communities consisting of morphologically indistinguishable L-bodies, which through reversion in broth, were identified as distinct bacterial and fungal species. Unlike classic bacteria or fungi causing sepsis and bacteremia/fungemia, the presence of L-forms in blood is hidden, it does not demonstrate clinical signs nor it can be detected by conventional methods. It should be noted, however, that the dysbiotic blood microbiota shows unique and individual characteristics for the concrete cancer patient, correlates to the common state of the organism and tumor localization in the body, as well as it outlines the cancer promoting role of L-forms in processes of malignization, cancer genesis and progression.
文摘Honey, an apicultural product with a complex chemical composition, contains numerous bioactive compounds with potential antimicrobial effects. This study investigated the effect of Apis mellifera honey from Brazil’s Central-West Region, combined with antibiotics, on bacterial membrane permeability, exploring the contributions of bioactive compounds and the botanical origin of honey. Six fresh Apis mellifera honey samples and their fractions (hexane and ethyl acetate) were analyzed, for a total of 18 samples. The bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, Helicobacter pylori and Enterococcus faecalis were used for antibacterial activity tests, which included minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and synergistic effect (checkerboard) assays. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were quantified, and the botanical origin was determined based on pollen analysis. The tested honey samples significantly affected bacterial membrane permeability when combined with rifampicin and clarithromycin. Although many honey-derived bioactive compounds, when isolated, did not exhibit significant activity against these bacteria, the additive or synergistic effect of multiple compounds acting on different targets appears to potentiate the antibacterial action. Descriptive statistical analysis, including means and 95% confidence intervals, confirmed the relevance of the findings. This study has provided an important discovery: Honey has an effect on bacterial membrane permeability, although the specific mechanisms involved in this process require further investigation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172855)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2632024ZD07,2632024TD02)the Open Project of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Resources(Clinical Resources)Coordination Service Platform(No.TC2023B001)。
文摘The presence of the blood–brain barrier limits the drug concentration in the brain,while low concentrations of antibiotics make it difficult to kill infecting bacteria and tends to induce drug resistance,making the clinical treatment of bacterial meningitis challenging.Herein,a nose-to-brain delivery strategy of small-sized nanozyme has been fabricated for combating bacterial meningitis,to overcome the low drug concentration and drug resistance.This strategy was achieved by a proteinsupported Au nanozyme(ANZ).With a particle size of less than 10 nm,it possesses both glucose oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activities and can generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species through a cascade effect without the addition of external H_(2)O_(2).Benefiting from the cascade catalytic amplification effect generated by its dual enzymelike activities,ANZ shows significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activity without inducing bacterial resistance in vitro.Notably,small-sized ANZ exhibits higher brain entry efficiency and greater accumulation after intranasal administration compared to oral or intravenous administration.In a mouse model of bacterial meningitis,the mice treated with ANZ had lower bacterial loads in the brain and higher survival and clinical behavior scores compared to the classical antibiotic ceftriaxone.Additionally,the meningitis mice exhibited undamaged cognitive and behavioral abilities,indicating the excellent biocompatibility of ANZ.The above results demonstrate that nose-to-brain delivery of ANZ exhibits high intracerebral accumulation,strong antibacterial efficacy and does not lead to bacterial resistance.It holds broad prospects for the treatment of bacterial meningitis.
基金Supported by the Construction Fund of Key Medical Disciplines of Hangzhou,No.2025HZGF05the Key R and D Program of Zhejiang Province,No.2023C03054 and No.2024C03048+1 种基金the Key Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine(Digestive Diseases)in Zhejiang Province,No.2024-XK-61the Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2021KY848.
文摘BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination during colonoscopy is a significant concern,yet few studies have evaluated bacterial aerosols.This study aimed to determine whether covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze(refers to sterile gauze soaked in a multi-enzyme cleaning solution)reduces bacterial air pollution in endoscopy rooms.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of an enzymolysis gauze cover in reducing bacterial aerosols from the biopsy valve.METHODS This prospective,single-blind trial included 80 patients undergoing elective diagnostic colonoscopy.During the procedure,the biopsy hole check valve was either covered or left uncovered with enzymolysis gauze.Air samples(100 L)were collected at a distance of 30 cm from the biopsy hole check valve and approximately 140 cm above the floor using a percussive air sampling instrument.Gram-positive bacteria were cultured on standard 90 mm colimycin nalidixic agar blood plates.The primary outcome measures were bacterial load and species identification.RESULTS Covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze reduced bacterial load near the check valve from 50 colony-forming unit(CFU)/m^(3)[interquartile range(IQR):30-80]to 20 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:10-20).At the end of the procedure each day,covering the valve also decreased bacterial load in the endoscopy room from 35 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:33-85)to 10 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:5-10).The predominant bacteria identified were Gram-positive cocci.CONCLUSION Applying enzymolysis gauze to cover the biopsy hole check valve significantly reduces bacterial aerosol contamination in endoscopy rooms during colonoscopy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32371734,42007034,41920104008,and U22A20593)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA28020400)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2023205)the Young Scientist Group Project of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of China(No.2022QNXZ04)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province of China(No.YDZJ202101ZYTS006).
文摘The conversion of saline-alkali soils into paddy fields for long-term rice cultivation involves multiple disturbances,and as a result,soil microbial communities are altered to adapt to changing environmental conditions.However,a comprehensive understanding of the succession of soil bacterial communities that occurs during this process is still lacking.In the present study,we utilized data obtained from paddy fields of different rice cultivation years(0-23 years)to investigate the compositional and functional succession of soil bacterial communities.We focused on core bacterial taxa that were specifically enriched at different successional stages.Generalized joint attribute modeling(GJAM)was used to identify core bacterial taxa.Results indicated that the bare saline-alkali soil(0 year,prior to any rice cultivation)shared few core amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)with paddy fields.In the bare saline-alkali soil,Longimicrobiaceae from the phylum Gemmatimonadetes was dominant,while the dominance was subsequently replaced by Burkholderiaceae and Pedosphaeraceae--phyla affiliated with Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia--after 5 and 23 years of rice cultivation,respectively.The relative abundances of nitrogen metabolism functions in the core bacterial communities of the bare saline-alkali soil were higher than those at other successional stages,while sulfur metabolism functions exhibited the opposite trend.These indicated that the role of the core bacterial taxa in mediating nutrient cycling also evolved and adapted to changing soil conditions as rice cultivation was established.Redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated that the composition of the core bacterial community in paddy fields with rice cultivation for 0,2 and 4,6,8,10,and 12,and 20 and 23 years were driven by soil nitrate nitrogen content,pH,available phosphorus content,and the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen,respectively.In summary,the present study provides insights into the succession of soil bacterial communities and core bacterial taxa that occurs during long-term rice cultivation.
文摘BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat,and understanding local trends in bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has introduced additional complexities,potentially influencing these patterns.AIM To analyze trends in bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex from 2018 to 2023,with a specific focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends.METHODS A retrospective analysis of microbiological data was conducted,covering the period from 2018 to 2023.The study included key bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli(E.coli),Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Staphylococcus aureus,among others.The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these isolates were assessed using standard laboratory methods.To contextualize the findings,the findings were compared with similar studies from other regions,including China,India,Romania,Saudi Arabia,the United Arab Emirates,Malaysia,and United States.RESULTS The study revealed fluctuating trends in the prevalence of bacterial isolates,with notable changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.For example,a significant increase in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was observed during the pandemic years,while the prevalence of E.coli showed a more variable pattern.Antibiotic resistance rates varied among the different pathogens,with a concerning rise in resistance to commonly used antibiotics,particularly among Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli.Additionally,the study identified an alarming increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant(MDR)strains,especially within Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli isolates.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends was evident,with shifts in the frequency,resistance patterns,and the emergence of MDR bacteria among several key pathogens.CONCLUSION This study highlights the dynamic nature of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex,particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and effective anti-microbial stewardship programs to combat the evolving threat of antibiotic resistance.Further research and policy initiatives are required to address the identified challenges and improve patient outcomes in the face of these ongoing challenges.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Henan United Fund(U22A20475 and U1704232)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,China(221111110500,161100111000,and HARS-22-05-G1)+2 种基金the Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province,China(2018JR0001)the Henan Agricultural University High Level Talent Special Support Fund,China(30501418)the Key Scientific Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province,China(21A210018).
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)bacterial wilt(BW)is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum(RS)that poses a significant threat to peanut yield and quality.Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NBS-LRR)proteins are a class of plant-specific immune receptors that recognize pathogen-secreted effector molecules and activate immune responses to resist pathogen infections.However,the precise functions of AhCN genes(where CN is a class of nucleotide-binding site,leucine-rich repeat receptor(NLR)genes that lack LRR structural domains)in peanut plants are not fully understood.In this study,a total of 150 AhCN genes were identified and classified into nine subfamilies based on a systematic phylogenetic analysis.The AhCN genes showed highly conserved structural features,and the promoter cis-elements indicated involvement in plant hormone signaling and defense responses.After inoculation with RS,the highly resistant peanut variety‘H108’significantly outperformed the susceptible variety‘H107’based on physiological indicators such as plant height,main stem diameter,and fresh weight,likely due to the inhibition of bacterial proliferation and diffusion in the stem vascular bundle.AhCN34 was found to be significantly upregulated in‘H108’compared to‘H107’during plant infection and in response to treatments with each of three plant hormones.Importantly,AhCN34 overexpression in peanut leaves enhanced their resistance to BW.These findings demonstrate the great potential of AhCN34 for applications in peanut resistance breeding.Our identification and characterization of the AhCN genes provide insights into the mechanisms underlying BW resistance in peanut and can inform future research into genetic methods of improving BW resistance in peanut.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51778618 and 52070192)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(No.SKL-MCE-23B09)the open fund of Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province(No.IMIS202213).
文摘Increasing attention has been paid to radioactive wastewater to direct discharge in Japan or accidental leaks.Strontium-90(90Sr)and Cobalt-60(^(60)Co)are the most hazardous nuclides in waste discharged form nuclear reactors.Because of their high solubility and long half-lives,these radioisotopes can persist for hundreds of years before decaying to negligible levels.Herein,a green and biodegradable material nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)supported by bacterial cellulose particles(BCP-nZVI)is constructed for the first time to adsorb Co^(2+)and Sr^(2+)in single and binary systems.BCP-nZVI shows superior adsorption capacities of Co^(2+)and Sr^(2+)in a single system within a wide range of pH values from 5 to 7,while the coexistence of Co^(2+)adsorption inhibits the Sr^(2+)in binary system.Pseudo-second-order dynamics model and Langmuir isothermal model can be indicated the BCP-nZVI adsorption progress with 107.10 mg/g(Co^(2+))and 64.96 mg/g(Sr^(2+))maximum adsorption capacity.BCP-nZVI has outstanding stability,allowing it to be stored for more than one month with compromising its performance.More importantly,BCP-nZVI exhibits exceptional removal efficiency of Co^(2+)(92.53%)and Sr^(2+)(58.62%)removal in natural seawater systems.The mechanism investigation illustrates the high adsorption capacity of BCP-nZVI for Co^(2+)is controlled by redox and hydroxyl complexation.While Sr^(2+)is controlled by hydroxyl complexed adsorption,thus it has weak against interference by cations like Na^(+),Ca^(2+),etc.BCP-nZVI exhibits the advantages of high adsorption capacity,wide pH range,strong stability,and good applicability in natural seawater,which has excellent potential for application in radioactive ions removal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82360801,82460822)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2022LHQN08001,2023QN08050,2025LHMS08061)+4 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJZY23135)the Laboratory Open Fund of Inner Mongolia Medical University(2024ZN23)and the General Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University(YKD2025MS047Inner Mongolia Medical University Undergraduate Science and Technology Innovation"Talent Cultivation"Project(YCPY2025028,YCPY2025024)Inner Mongolia Medical University Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(101322025034).
文摘Background:Bacterial pneumonia continues to be a significant global health concern,particularly among high-risk groups,necessitating the development of precise and early diagnostic biomarkers.While the efficacy of procalcitonin(PCT)and C-reactive protein(CRP)as inflammatory markers is widely recognized,their relative diagnostic performance across different age groups remains debate.This meta-analysis was designed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of PCT and CRP in bacterial pneumonia.Methods:In this meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines,we searched PubMed,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library for relevant diagnostic accuracy studies.From 19 included studies(n=2,603),data were extracted to construct tables.Study quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool.The bivariate random-effects model was employed to derive pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative likelihood ratios,and summary AUCs.To explore the substantial heterogeneity(I^(2)>80%),we performed pre-specified subgroup analyses based on age demographics.Results:Our findings indicate superior diagnostic performance for PCT,evidenced by a pooled sensitivity of 0.8841 and specificity of 0.8499,relative to CRP’s sensitivity of 0.8371 and specificity of 0.7185.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)for PCT was 0.992,a value significantly higher than that of CRP(0.987).Intriguingly,subgroup analyses revealed age-dependent variations:CRP demonstrated enhanced diagnostic utility in minors,while PCT proved substantially more effective in non-elderly adults.Conclusion:These results reinforce the clinical relevance of PCT as a more dependable biomarker for bacterial pneumonia,particularly in informing antibiotic treatment and mitigating misuse.This study uniquely includes age-stratified analyses based on predefined groups(minors and non-elderly adults),providing refined insights for individualized diagnostic approaches.We propose further multicenter research endeavors to confirm threshold optimization and explore combined biomarker strategies.
文摘This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of 2%lidocaine and its combination with 0.9%saline solution on Escherichia coli infection in superficial surgical wounds in Wistar rats.The goal was to determine if these treatments could effectively reduce E.coli Colony Forming Units(CFUs)below the critical threshold of 1×105.Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups,each undergoing different interventions to assess the antibacterial efficacy of lidocaine,with outcomes measured through bacterial cultures and CFU quantification.Results demonstrated a Log10reduction of approximately 0.44 in E.coli CFUs following infiltration with 2%lidocaine.The combined use of 2%lidocaine infiltration and 0.9%saline irrigation resulted in nearly complete suppression of bacterial growth.These findings suggest that these simple interventions could be valuable in emergency surgical settings to mitigate the risk of surgical site infections and serve as effective prophylactic measures.increase in hospital stay,which represents an additional cost in terms of expenses and directly impacts the patient's outcome.11Several lines of evidence point to 104colony forming units per gram of tissue(CFUs/g)as the threshold at which healing generally begins to slow.12Knowledge of the antibacterial activity of lidocaine has been used to prevent bacterial contamination of other lipid-based anesthetics,such as propofol,with a significant decrease in bacterial development13-15and its antifungal effect.15,16Other effects attributed to lidocaine concerning systemic inflammatory response are the inhibition of granulocyte adhesion at sites of inflammation,decreased leukocyte adhesion during endotoxemia,and decreased macromolecular filtration;it is suggested that it may play a therapeutic role in endothelial damage during sepsis.17-19On the other hand,different measures have been taken to reduce the surgical wound infection rate,such as prophylactic antibiotics and local wound care,including pressure irrigation with 0.9% saline solution,with good results.20The antibacterial effect of lidocaine has been demonstrated in an animal model21;however,no model resembles surgical wound infection and the use of lidocaine to prevent infection.This study aimed to demonstrate that using 2% lidocaine(2 mL/g of tissue)will reduce the E.coli CFUs below 1×105in an infected superficial surgical wound in an experimental model.
