AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of lysozyme chloride on betel quid chewing （BQC） aggravated gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcer in rats with diabetes mellitus （DM）. METHODS： Male Wistar rats we...AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of lysozyme chloride on betel quid chewing （BQC） aggravated gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcer in rats with diabetes mellitus （DM）. METHODS： Male Wistar rats were challenged intravenously with streptozotocin （65 mg/kg） to induce DM. Rats were fed with regular pellet food or BQC-containing diets. Afcer 90 d, rats were deprived of food for 24 h. Rat stomachs were irrigated for 3 h with normal saline or simulated gastric juice. Rats were killed and gastric specimens were harvested. RESULTS： An enhancement of various gastric ulcerogenic parameters, including acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation, as well as decreased glutathione levels and mucus content, were observed in DM rats. Afcer feeding DM rats with BQC, an exacerbation of these ulcerogenic parameters was achieved. Gastric juice caused a further aggravation of these ulcerogenic parameters. Daily intragastric lysozyme chloride dose-dependently inhibited exacerbation of various ulcerogenic parameters in those BQC-fed DM rats. CONCLUSION： （1） Gastric juice could aggravate both DM and BQC-fed DM rat hemorrhagic ulcer; （2） BQC exacerbated gastric hemorrhagic ulcer in DM rats via enhancing oxidative stress and reducing defensive factors; （3） lysozyme chloride effectively protected BQC aggravated gastric damage in DM rats.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the role of gastric oxidative stress and nitric oxide （NO） in the formation of gastric hemorrhagic erosion and their protection by drugs in rats with ischemic brain. METHODS： Male Wistar rats w...AIM： To investigate the role of gastric oxidative stress and nitric oxide （NO） in the formation of gastric hemorrhagic erosion and their protection by drugs in rats with ischemic brain. METHODS： Male Wistar rats were deprived of food for 24 h. Under chloral hydrate （300 mg/kg） anesthesia, bilateral carotid artery ligation was performed. The pylorus and carotid esophagus of the rats were also ligated. The stomachs were then irrigated for 3 h with either normal saline or simulated gastric juice containing 100 mmol/L HCI plus 17.4 mmol/L pepsin and 54 mmol/L NaCI. Rats were killed and stomachs were dissected. Gastric mucosa and gastric contents were harvested. The rat brain was dissected for the examination of ischemia by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method. Changes in gastric ulcerogenic parameters, such as decreased mucosal glutathione level as well as enhanced gastric acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation, histamine concentration, luminal hemoglobin content and mucosal erosion in gastric samples, were measured. RESULTS： Bilateral carotid artery ligation produced severe brain ischemia （BI） in rats. An exacerbation of various ulcerogenic parameters and mucosal hemorrhagic erosions were observed in these rats. The exacerbated ulcerogenic parameters were significantly （P〈 0.05） attenuated by antioxidants, such as exogenous glutathione and allopurinol. These gastric parameters were also improved by intraperitoneal aminoguanidine （100 mg/kg） but were aggravated by N^G-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester （L-NAME： 25 mg/kg）. Intraperitoneal L-arginine （0-500 mg/kg） dose-dependently attenuated BI-induced aggravation of ulcerogenic parameters and hemorrhagic erosions that were reversed by L-NAME. CONCLUSION： BI could produce hemorrhagic erosions through gastric oxidative stress and activation of arginine-nitric oxide pathway.展开更多
Degenerative disc disease is the most common cause of low back pain. Intervertebral disc abnormalities are commonly evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Pfirrmann’s system involves the use of T2-weighte...Degenerative disc disease is the most common cause of low back pain. Intervertebral disc abnormalities are commonly evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Pfirrmann’s system involves the use of T2-weighted images (T2WI) to classify disc degeneration. However, as this classification is based on visual evaluation, it is not possible to quantify degeneration using this method. The present study was performed to establish an MRI-based intervertebral disc classification system using diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI), to quantify intervertebral disc water content according to the Pfirrmann classification. Sagittal mean diffusional kurtosis (MK) mapping was performed for the L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 intervertebral discs in 32 patients (15 female, 17 male;age range, 24 - 82 years;mean age, 57.7 years). The degree of disc degeneration was assessed in the midsagittal section on T2WI according to the Pfirrmann classification (grade I - V). The relationships between MK values, which are correlated with intervertebral disc composition changes, and grade of degeneration determined using the Pfirrmann classification were analyzed. The MK values tended to decrease with increasing grade of degeneration, and differed significantly between grades I and IV, but not between grade IV and V (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). DKI is an effective means of detecting the early stages of disc degeneration. Therefore, DKI may be a useful diagnostic tool for quantitative assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration.展开更多
基金Supported by a grant (NSC 91-2320-B006-103) from National Sciences Council of Taiwan, China
文摘AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of lysozyme chloride on betel quid chewing （BQC） aggravated gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcer in rats with diabetes mellitus （DM）. METHODS： Male Wistar rats were challenged intravenously with streptozotocin （65 mg/kg） to induce DM. Rats were fed with regular pellet food or BQC-containing diets. Afcer 90 d, rats were deprived of food for 24 h. Rat stomachs were irrigated for 3 h with normal saline or simulated gastric juice. Rats were killed and gastric specimens were harvested. RESULTS： An enhancement of various gastric ulcerogenic parameters, including acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation, as well as decreased glutathione levels and mucus content, were observed in DM rats. Afcer feeding DM rats with BQC, an exacerbation of these ulcerogenic parameters was achieved. Gastric juice caused a further aggravation of these ulcerogenic parameters. Daily intragastric lysozyme chloride dose-dependently inhibited exacerbation of various ulcerogenic parameters in those BQC-fed DM rats. CONCLUSION： （1） Gastric juice could aggravate both DM and BQC-fed DM rat hemorrhagic ulcer; （2） BQC exacerbated gastric hemorrhagic ulcer in DM rats via enhancing oxidative stress and reducing defensive factors; （3） lysozyme chloride effectively protected BQC aggravated gastric damage in DM rats.
基金Supported by a grant from National Sciences Council of Taiwan,NSC 88-2314-B006-028
文摘AIM： To investigate the role of gastric oxidative stress and nitric oxide （NO） in the formation of gastric hemorrhagic erosion and their protection by drugs in rats with ischemic brain. METHODS： Male Wistar rats were deprived of food for 24 h. Under chloral hydrate （300 mg/kg） anesthesia, bilateral carotid artery ligation was performed. The pylorus and carotid esophagus of the rats were also ligated. The stomachs were then irrigated for 3 h with either normal saline or simulated gastric juice containing 100 mmol/L HCI plus 17.4 mmol/L pepsin and 54 mmol/L NaCI. Rats were killed and stomachs were dissected. Gastric mucosa and gastric contents were harvested. The rat brain was dissected for the examination of ischemia by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method. Changes in gastric ulcerogenic parameters, such as decreased mucosal glutathione level as well as enhanced gastric acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation, histamine concentration, luminal hemoglobin content and mucosal erosion in gastric samples, were measured. RESULTS： Bilateral carotid artery ligation produced severe brain ischemia （BI） in rats. An exacerbation of various ulcerogenic parameters and mucosal hemorrhagic erosions were observed in these rats. The exacerbated ulcerogenic parameters were significantly （P〈 0.05） attenuated by antioxidants, such as exogenous glutathione and allopurinol. These gastric parameters were also improved by intraperitoneal aminoguanidine （100 mg/kg） but were aggravated by N^G-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester （L-NAME： 25 mg/kg）. Intraperitoneal L-arginine （0-500 mg/kg） dose-dependently attenuated BI-induced aggravation of ulcerogenic parameters and hemorrhagic erosions that were reversed by L-NAME. CONCLUSION： BI could produce hemorrhagic erosions through gastric oxidative stress and activation of arginine-nitric oxide pathway.
文摘Degenerative disc disease is the most common cause of low back pain. Intervertebral disc abnormalities are commonly evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Pfirrmann’s system involves the use of T2-weighted images (T2WI) to classify disc degeneration. However, as this classification is based on visual evaluation, it is not possible to quantify degeneration using this method. The present study was performed to establish an MRI-based intervertebral disc classification system using diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI), to quantify intervertebral disc water content according to the Pfirrmann classification. Sagittal mean diffusional kurtosis (MK) mapping was performed for the L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 intervertebral discs in 32 patients (15 female, 17 male;age range, 24 - 82 years;mean age, 57.7 years). The degree of disc degeneration was assessed in the midsagittal section on T2WI according to the Pfirrmann classification (grade I - V). The relationships between MK values, which are correlated with intervertebral disc composition changes, and grade of degeneration determined using the Pfirrmann classification were analyzed. The MK values tended to decrease with increasing grade of degeneration, and differed significantly between grades I and IV, but not between grade IV and V (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). DKI is an effective means of detecting the early stages of disc degeneration. Therefore, DKI may be a useful diagnostic tool for quantitative assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
