Ba-constructions carry high level of transitivity,but a deviation towards low transitivity happens.It is found that mode provides axis of this transitivity deviation,especially in spoken dialogue.Under the influence o...Ba-constructions carry high level of transitivity,but a deviation towards low transitivity happens.It is found that mode provides axis of this transitivity deviation,especially in spoken dialogue.Under the influence of irrealis mode,parameters such as aspects,affectedness of O,individuation of O,and affirmation exhibit different degrees of transitivity deviation.Speech acts,which is closely related to mode,are the driving force in discourse of this phenomenon.The composition rules of speech acts of directive,declarative,commitment,and emotive,which account for the majority of speech acts in spoken dialogue,determine that they are all irrealis.Therefore,under the axis of irrealis mode,several transitivity parameters of ba-constructions in oral dialogue deviates towards low transitivity.The phenomenon of deviation of transitivity in ba-constructions verifies transitivity hypothesis.展开更多
Optionality,defined as the coexistence of two or more variants of a given construction,has been investigated in second language studies.Following the notion of optionality,this study defines the Mandarin ba-constructi...Optionality,defined as the coexistence of two or more variants of a given construction,has been investigated in second language studies.Following the notion of optionality,this study defines the Mandarin ba-construction and its corresponding non-ba-forms as optional variants to examine Cantonese-speaking learners’acquisition of Mandarin.We designed an elicited production task and an acceptability judgement task to test the disposal and locational displacement types of the ba-construction,and invited Cantonese learners and Mandarin native speakers to attend the experiments.The Cantonese learners,like learners with other language backgrounds,produced fewer ba-sentences compared with native speakers,but the Cantonese learners produced much more ba-sentences than learners with other language backgrounds and were aware of the constraints on the ba-construction,which is probably due to the existence of the similar zoeng-construction in Cantonese.Although at an advanced level,the performance of the Cantonese learners diverged from that of the native speakers in both the production and the judgement,which demonstrates the existence of optionality in the Cantonese learners’interlanguage grammars.展开更多
From the perspective of Cognitive Grammar, this study investigates the semantic characteristics of, as well as the respective constraints on, the three （schematic） components of the Chinese ba-construction that are ...From the perspective of Cognitive Grammar, this study investigates the semantic characteristics of, as well as the respective constraints on, the three （schematic） components of the Chinese ba-construction that are essential in its constructional meaning, namely the pre-posed object, the main verb, and the resultative component, and concludes that the Chinese bd--construction describes a transition between two states of affairs, either intended or actualized, with the post- transitional state being the focus of attention, and that the semantic characteristics of its component structures, the main verb, the pre-posed object, and the resultative component in particular, synergistically contribute to the accentuation of this constructional meaning： the lexical aspect of the main verb signals the potential for transition; the high degree of specificity of the pre-posed object conserves cognitive resources as well as measures out the process denoted by the main verb; and the rich forms and the almost obligatory presence of the resultative component specify the post-transitional state and command the bearer＇s attention.展开更多
文摘Ba-constructions carry high level of transitivity,but a deviation towards low transitivity happens.It is found that mode provides axis of this transitivity deviation,especially in spoken dialogue.Under the influence of irrealis mode,parameters such as aspects,affectedness of O,individuation of O,and affirmation exhibit different degrees of transitivity deviation.Speech acts,which is closely related to mode,are the driving force in discourse of this phenomenon.The composition rules of speech acts of directive,declarative,commitment,and emotive,which account for the majority of speech acts in spoken dialogue,determine that they are all irrealis.Therefore,under the axis of irrealis mode,several transitivity parameters of ba-constructions in oral dialogue deviates towards low transitivity.The phenomenon of deviation of transitivity in ba-constructions verifies transitivity hypothesis.
基金The author would like to acknowledge the input from Scholastica Lam.We thank Liu Shihui,Ma Chencui,Wang Can,Wang Qin and Zhou Xuemei for their help with the stimuli,Wang Yaxue for her support with the experiments,Du Yanli for her contribution to the data annotation,and all the informants for their participation in this study.We are also deeply indebted to the editorial office and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions which have significantly improved the quality of this paper.
文摘Optionality,defined as the coexistence of two or more variants of a given construction,has been investigated in second language studies.Following the notion of optionality,this study defines the Mandarin ba-construction and its corresponding non-ba-forms as optional variants to examine Cantonese-speaking learners’acquisition of Mandarin.We designed an elicited production task and an acceptability judgement task to test the disposal and locational displacement types of the ba-construction,and invited Cantonese learners and Mandarin native speakers to attend the experiments.The Cantonese learners,like learners with other language backgrounds,produced fewer ba-sentences compared with native speakers,but the Cantonese learners produced much more ba-sentences than learners with other language backgrounds and were aware of the constraints on the ba-construction,which is probably due to the existence of the similar zoeng-construction in Cantonese.Although at an advanced level,the performance of the Cantonese learners diverged from that of the native speakers in both the production and the judgement,which demonstrates the existence of optionality in the Cantonese learners’interlanguage grammars.
文摘From the perspective of Cognitive Grammar, this study investigates the semantic characteristics of, as well as the respective constraints on, the three （schematic） components of the Chinese ba-construction that are essential in its constructional meaning, namely the pre-posed object, the main verb, and the resultative component, and concludes that the Chinese bd--construction describes a transition between two states of affairs, either intended or actualized, with the post- transitional state being the focus of attention, and that the semantic characteristics of its component structures, the main verb, the pre-posed object, and the resultative component in particular, synergistically contribute to the accentuation of this constructional meaning： the lexical aspect of the main verb signals the potential for transition; the high degree of specificity of the pre-posed object conserves cognitive resources as well as measures out the process denoted by the main verb; and the rich forms and the almost obligatory presence of the resultative component specify the post-transitional state and command the bearer＇s attention.
