In view of the present construction of monastery garden landscapes in northern Shaanxi,landscape features were pointed out as:harsh natural environment of monastery garden,dual functions of religion and tourism,large ...In view of the present construction of monastery garden landscapes in northern Shaanxi,landscape features were pointed out as:harsh natural environment of monastery garden,dual functions of religion and tourism,large spatial capacity of architectural complex,long history and profound cultures,and also working as botanic gardens.Problems in these monastery gardens were proposed as:poor overall landscaping design,insufficient plants of religious cultures,lacking in artistic plant furnishings showing ornamental effects and seasonal aspects of plants,plant furnishings failed to show cultural characteristics of northern Shaanxi,poor diversity and improper ratio of plant furnishings,attaching insufficient importance to vertical greening,similar plant communities.On the basis of investigating characteristics and problems of monastery garden landscapes in northern Shaanxi,layouts and plant furnishings of incense roads,religious sectors and living sectors in those gardens were analyzed,suitable plant species were given as references,so as to explore new landscape modes of "human-nature oneness" and provide useful experience for the landscape construction of monastery gardens in Shaanxi.展开更多
By studying the phenomena of limestone built from the White Monastery in Sohag Governorate damage where this study discusses the results of the analyzes and the study’s petrographic limestone, we can study and discus...By studying the phenomena of limestone built from the White Monastery in Sohag Governorate damage where this study discusses the results of the analyzes and the study’s petrographic limestone, we can study and discuss what has been done to analyze X-ray diffraction and X-ray flourecence, and by scanning electron microscope in order to determine the cause of the damage and to study the properties of limestone to choose the most appropriate treatment methods especially the internal structure affected by the environmental conditions surrounding the private and increasing ground water levels along with the use of the most appropriate ways to buffer water to conserve the limestone of the environmental factors that damage it.展开更多
Gelugpa is the most influential extant religious sect of Tibetan Buddhism,which is the spiritual prop for Tibetans,with thousands of monasteries and followers in Tibetan areas of China.Studies on the spatial diffusion...Gelugpa is the most influential extant religious sect of Tibetan Buddhism,which is the spiritual prop for Tibetans,with thousands of monasteries and followers in Tibetan areas of China.Studies on the spatial diffusion processes of Gelugpa can not only reveal its historical geographical development but also lay the foundation for anticipating its future development trend.However,existing studies on Gelugpa lack geographical perspective,making it difficult to explore the spatial characteristics.Furthermore,the prevailing macro-perspective overlooks spatiotemporal heterogeneity in diffusion processes.Therefore,taking monastery as the carrier,this study establishes a multi-level diffusion model to reconstruct the diffusion networks of Gelugpa monasteries,as well as a framework to explore the detailed features in the spatial diffusion processes of Gelugpa in Tibetan areas of China based on a geodatabase of Gelugpa monastery.The results show that the multi-level diffusion model has a considerable applicability in the reconstruction of the diffusion networks of Gelugpa monasteries.Gelugpa monasteries in the Three Tibetan Inhabited Areas present disparate spatial diffusion processes with diverse diffusion bases,speeds,stages,as well as diffusion regions and centers.A powerful single-center diffusion-centered Gandan Monastery was rapidly formed in U-Tsang.Kham experienced a slower and more varied spatial diffusion process with multiple diffusion systems far apart from each other.The spatial diffusion process of Amdo was the most complex,with the highest diffusion intensity.Amdo possessed the most influential diffusion centers,with different diffusion shapes and diffusion ranges crossing and overlapping with each other.Multiple natural and human factors may contribute to the formation of Gelugpa monasteries.This study contributes to the understanding of the geography of Gelugpa and provides reference to studies on religion diffusion.展开更多
My First Visit to Rtse Drugdgon Monastery I first heard about Bon religion through a friend ten years ago.Having heard from him how people refer to Bon religion as an"evil religion"and sometimes a"black...My First Visit to Rtse Drugdgon Monastery I first heard about Bon religion through a friend ten years ago.Having heard from him how people refer to Bon religion as an"evil religion"and sometimes a"black religion",I became quite terrified.In fact,Bon religion was actually the original Tibetan religion. Piously I prayed:"If one day I visit Tibet,please do not let me encounter Bon religion!"展开更多
lwant to revlst a monastery have been toseven orelghttlmeSItiSthe eeb FSF8ngMonasterymxl眈e C口U*…I****Bn丁巾曰*n AUt口nom口USPrefeCture In Gansu Provinc民 a famous monasterybuilt by the Ge峋Sect(Whow Sect)
There are numer-ous Buddhist monasteries in Tibetan areas. Among the bestknown are Labrang and Langmu monasteries in Gan-nan Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Tar (Kumbum) Monastery in Qinghai Province and ...There are numer-ous Buddhist monasteries in Tibetan areas. Among the bestknown are Labrang and Langmu monasteries in Gan-nan Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Tar (Kumbum) Monastery in Qinghai Province and Tashil-hunpo in Tibet Autonomous Region.展开更多
Most of thefamous monas-teries in Tibetare found inmountainous gullies withlittle of no tree cover. How-ever, this is not the casewith Razheng Monastery,which lies under luxurianttrees.
Xirao Jiangcan, a 78-year- old lama, is sunbathing in front of a scripture-chanting hall in Sera Monastery in Lhasa, Tibet. He feels comfortable in the native of Deqin warmth of the sun. A County in Diqing Tibetan Aut...Xirao Jiangcan, a 78-year- old lama, is sunbathing in front of a scripture-chanting hall in Sera Monastery in Lhasa, Tibet. He feels comfortable in the native of Deqin warmth of the sun. A County in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, Xirao came to Lhasa at the age of 26. He has lived in Sera Monastery for 52 years. Currently he resides in the monastery＇s Old People＇s Home. Many other old lamas also live in the old people＇s home.展开更多
基金Supported by Scientific Research Program of Yulin University:Study on Monastery Gardens in Northern Shaanxi(07YK25)~~
文摘In view of the present construction of monastery garden landscapes in northern Shaanxi,landscape features were pointed out as:harsh natural environment of monastery garden,dual functions of religion and tourism,large spatial capacity of architectural complex,long history and profound cultures,and also working as botanic gardens.Problems in these monastery gardens were proposed as:poor overall landscaping design,insufficient plants of religious cultures,lacking in artistic plant furnishings showing ornamental effects and seasonal aspects of plants,plant furnishings failed to show cultural characteristics of northern Shaanxi,poor diversity and improper ratio of plant furnishings,attaching insufficient importance to vertical greening,similar plant communities.On the basis of investigating characteristics and problems of monastery garden landscapes in northern Shaanxi,layouts and plant furnishings of incense roads,religious sectors and living sectors in those gardens were analyzed,suitable plant species were given as references,so as to explore new landscape modes of "human-nature oneness" and provide useful experience for the landscape construction of monastery gardens in Shaanxi.
文摘By studying the phenomena of limestone built from the White Monastery in Sohag Governorate damage where this study discusses the results of the analyzes and the study’s petrographic limestone, we can study and discuss what has been done to analyze X-ray diffraction and X-ray flourecence, and by scanning electron microscope in order to determine the cause of the damage and to study the properties of limestone to choose the most appropriate treatment methods especially the internal structure affected by the environmental conditions surrounding the private and increasing ground water levels along with the use of the most appropriate ways to buffer water to conserve the limestone of the environmental factors that damage it.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.18YJAZH140).
文摘Gelugpa is the most influential extant religious sect of Tibetan Buddhism,which is the spiritual prop for Tibetans,with thousands of monasteries and followers in Tibetan areas of China.Studies on the spatial diffusion processes of Gelugpa can not only reveal its historical geographical development but also lay the foundation for anticipating its future development trend.However,existing studies on Gelugpa lack geographical perspective,making it difficult to explore the spatial characteristics.Furthermore,the prevailing macro-perspective overlooks spatiotemporal heterogeneity in diffusion processes.Therefore,taking monastery as the carrier,this study establishes a multi-level diffusion model to reconstruct the diffusion networks of Gelugpa monasteries,as well as a framework to explore the detailed features in the spatial diffusion processes of Gelugpa in Tibetan areas of China based on a geodatabase of Gelugpa monastery.The results show that the multi-level diffusion model has a considerable applicability in the reconstruction of the diffusion networks of Gelugpa monasteries.Gelugpa monasteries in the Three Tibetan Inhabited Areas present disparate spatial diffusion processes with diverse diffusion bases,speeds,stages,as well as diffusion regions and centers.A powerful single-center diffusion-centered Gandan Monastery was rapidly formed in U-Tsang.Kham experienced a slower and more varied spatial diffusion process with multiple diffusion systems far apart from each other.The spatial diffusion process of Amdo was the most complex,with the highest diffusion intensity.Amdo possessed the most influential diffusion centers,with different diffusion shapes and diffusion ranges crossing and overlapping with each other.Multiple natural and human factors may contribute to the formation of Gelugpa monasteries.This study contributes to the understanding of the geography of Gelugpa and provides reference to studies on religion diffusion.
文摘My First Visit to Rtse Drugdgon Monastery I first heard about Bon religion through a friend ten years ago.Having heard from him how people refer to Bon religion as an"evil religion"and sometimes a"black religion",I became quite terrified.In fact,Bon religion was actually the original Tibetan religion. Piously I prayed:"If one day I visit Tibet,please do not let me encounter Bon religion!"
文摘lwant to revlst a monastery have been toseven orelghttlmeSItiSthe eeb FSF8ngMonasterymxl眈e C口U*…I****Bn丁巾曰*n AUt口nom口USPrefeCture In Gansu Provinc民 a famous monasterybuilt by the Ge峋Sect(Whow Sect)
文摘There are numer-ous Buddhist monasteries in Tibetan areas. Among the bestknown are Labrang and Langmu monasteries in Gan-nan Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Tar (Kumbum) Monastery in Qinghai Province and Tashil-hunpo in Tibet Autonomous Region.
文摘Most of thefamous monas-teries in Tibetare found inmountainous gullies withlittle of no tree cover. How-ever, this is not the casewith Razheng Monastery,which lies under luxurianttrees.
文摘Xirao Jiangcan, a 78-year- old lama, is sunbathing in front of a scripture-chanting hall in Sera Monastery in Lhasa, Tibet. He feels comfortable in the native of Deqin warmth of the sun. A County in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, Xirao came to Lhasa at the age of 26. He has lived in Sera Monastery for 52 years. Currently he resides in the monastery＇s Old People＇s Home. Many other old lamas also live in the old people＇s home.
