Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervo...Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervous system due to occupational factors.In 2002,the International Labor Organization included musculoskeletal diseases in the International List of Occupational Diseases.China’s recently updated Classification and Catalog of Occupational Diseases has introduced two new categories of occupational illnesses,including occupational musculoskeletal disorders.WMSDs significantly impact the health and work of dentists,reducing their quality of life and causing economic losses.These disorders are multifactorial in nature,influenced by personal,psychosocial,biomechanical,and environmental factors.Dentists frequently maintain static or awkward postures during procedures,which leads to musculoskeletal strain and discomfort;additionally,long working hours contribute to psychological stress,further increasing the risk of WMSDs[2].展开更多
Based on the review of domestic analyses of current situation and development trend problems of enterprise growth, this paper proposes some key problems of measures to enterprise foundation, index of system and their ...Based on the review of domestic analyses of current situation and development trend problems of enterprise growth, this paper proposes some key problems of measures to enterprise foundation, index of system and their reality in use.展开更多
AT weekends the normally peaceful BeijingDance Academy is alive with people. The roadbefore its gate is partly blocked by cars andbicycles parked on both sides, leaving a nar-row path where still more cars and bicycle...AT weekends the normally peaceful BeijingDance Academy is alive with people. The roadbefore its gate is partly blocked by cars andbicycles parked on both sides, leaving a nar-row path where still more cars and bicycles jamtogether, trying to push their way through. These peo-展开更多
Apples are still manually harvested by workers using ladders and buckets.Though it is known that manual apple harvest would probably lead to occupational injuries(e.g.,back,neck,and shoulder strains),there has been li...Apples are still manually harvested by workers using ladders and buckets.Though it is known that manual apple harvest would probably lead to occupational injuries(e.g.,back,neck,and shoulder strains),there has been little research that focuses on identifying the awkward activities/postures of pickers during the harvest process.After categorizing apple harvest work into 12 activities,this study used the method of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment(RULA)to identify awkward postures/activities that occurred during apple harvest.Awkward activities confirmed include descending a ladder,dumping apples,picking high and low apples on a ladder as well as on the ground,and moving a ladder,with potential reasons for each awkward activity provided.Meanwhile,it was demonstrated that pickers spent approximately 64%of working time under awkward postures that would lead to occupational diseases.In addition,this study analyzed picker harvest efficiency in terms of general and detail manners.The general mode assessed harvest activity in terms of picking and non-picking,with results showing that pickers averagely spent 76%(±7%)of harvest time in picking apples.Further analysis evaluated picking activities in terms of reaching,detaching,and transporting apples,with results showing that pickers spent averagely 30%(±6%)of time in detaching apples,which is the value time during apple harvest.Furthermore,valuable picking time ratio was obtained as the multiplication of picking time ratio and detaching time ratio.With a valuable ratio of 22%(±5%),it theoretically demonstrated the low harvest efficiency of the traditional harvest method.Since a majority of the awkward activities and the low efficiency were because of the ladders/buckets,using a harvest-assist unit may be a potential solution.Additionally,more efforts should be spent on the development of innovative mechanism to replace worker in placing attached apples to the bucket.Once the time for transporting apples is eliminated,the time for reaching apples is also removed,indicating the harvest efficiency would be improved significantly.展开更多
基金supported by the 2021 Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions“Youth Innovation Talent Introduction and Cultivation Plan”(Public Health Safety Risk Assessment and Response Innovation Team)National Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone Science and Technology Co construction Project(No.GZYKJSSD-2024-106)Research Project of Shandong Educational Supervision Society(No.SDJYDDXH2023-2159).
文摘Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervous system due to occupational factors.In 2002,the International Labor Organization included musculoskeletal diseases in the International List of Occupational Diseases.China’s recently updated Classification and Catalog of Occupational Diseases has introduced two new categories of occupational illnesses,including occupational musculoskeletal disorders.WMSDs significantly impact the health and work of dentists,reducing their quality of life and causing economic losses.These disorders are multifactorial in nature,influenced by personal,psychosocial,biomechanical,and environmental factors.Dentists frequently maintain static or awkward postures during procedures,which leads to musculoskeletal strain and discomfort;additionally,long working hours contribute to psychological stress,further increasing the risk of WMSDs[2].
文摘Based on the review of domestic analyses of current situation and development trend problems of enterprise growth, this paper proposes some key problems of measures to enterprise foundation, index of system and their reality in use.
文摘AT weekends the normally peaceful BeijingDance Academy is alive with people. The roadbefore its gate is partly blocked by cars andbicycles parked on both sides, leaving a nar-row path where still more cars and bicycles jamtogether, trying to push their way through. These peo-
文摘Apples are still manually harvested by workers using ladders and buckets.Though it is known that manual apple harvest would probably lead to occupational injuries(e.g.,back,neck,and shoulder strains),there has been little research that focuses on identifying the awkward activities/postures of pickers during the harvest process.After categorizing apple harvest work into 12 activities,this study used the method of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment(RULA)to identify awkward postures/activities that occurred during apple harvest.Awkward activities confirmed include descending a ladder,dumping apples,picking high and low apples on a ladder as well as on the ground,and moving a ladder,with potential reasons for each awkward activity provided.Meanwhile,it was demonstrated that pickers spent approximately 64%of working time under awkward postures that would lead to occupational diseases.In addition,this study analyzed picker harvest efficiency in terms of general and detail manners.The general mode assessed harvest activity in terms of picking and non-picking,with results showing that pickers averagely spent 76%(±7%)of harvest time in picking apples.Further analysis evaluated picking activities in terms of reaching,detaching,and transporting apples,with results showing that pickers spent averagely 30%(±6%)of time in detaching apples,which is the value time during apple harvest.Furthermore,valuable picking time ratio was obtained as the multiplication of picking time ratio and detaching time ratio.With a valuable ratio of 22%(±5%),it theoretically demonstrated the low harvest efficiency of the traditional harvest method.Since a majority of the awkward activities and the low efficiency were because of the ladders/buckets,using a harvest-assist unit may be a potential solution.Additionally,more efforts should be spent on the development of innovative mechanism to replace worker in placing attached apples to the bucket.Once the time for transporting apples is eliminated,the time for reaching apples is also removed,indicating the harvest efficiency would be improved significantly.
