Objective To identify measles vaccine failures in Tianjin, China using a measles virus Ig G avidity assay.Methods The China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(CISDCP) was used to collect information...Objective To identify measles vaccine failures in Tianjin, China using a measles virus Ig G avidity assay.Methods The China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(CISDCP) was used to collect information about measles cases and blood specimens in Tianjin from 2013 to 2015. Measlesspecific Ig M and Ig G antibodies were detected using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA).Avidity testing for measles Ig G was performed using a commercial enzyme immunoassay(EIA).Results A total of 284 confirmed measles cases were identified. Of this total, 262(92.25%) were in patients aged ≥ 20 years. High avidity was exhibited in 172(60.56%) cases, while 80(28.17%) cases demonstrated low avidity. High avidity was detected in only 21.43% of cases in patients aged < 1 year.The proportion of high avidity increased with age, and was significantly higher in patients aged 30–39 years at 70.07%(χ~2 = 17.27, P = 0.002). Of the 52 measles cases in patients with a history of vaccinations,41(78.85%) cases showed high avidity, indicating secondary vaccine failures(SVF). In these vaccinations,there was no significant difference(P > 0.05) in clinical severity between high avidity and low avidity cases. However, regardless of vaccination status, clinical severity was significantly lower in high avidity cases(P < 0.001) than in low avidity cases. The percentages of positive measles Ig M results in high avidity and low avidity cases were 66.28% and 91.25%, respectively. Geometric Mean Concentration(GMC) was significantly lower in high avidity cases at 33.73 U/m L, compared to 166.07 U/m L in low avidity cases.Conclusions Low clinical severity and inconclusive Ig M antibody results are more likely in high avidity measles cases. Measles cases were more common in adults. Therefore, a further dose of vaccines should be recommended for 30–39 years in Tianjin.展开更多
Objective:The goal of the present study is to highlight the significance of the determination of IgG avidity to herpes simplex2virus(HSV2) compared to detection of viremia by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in relation...Objective:The goal of the present study is to highlight the significance of the determination of IgG avidity to herpes simplex2virus(HSV2) compared to detection of viremia by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in relation to recurrent abortions.Methods:Serum samples from pregnant patients with bad obstetric histories and control subjects were analyzed for quantitative determination of IgG specific for HSV2 by using ELISA with and without sample treatment with 8 M urea as protein-denaturing agents for measurement of avidity index(AI).PCR was performed for samples to determine HSV2 viremia.Results:Regarding avidity index 11.5%had avidity index = 100.0,11.5%has avidity index = 47%and 76.9%had avidity index】60%.Control group had AI】70%.There was statistically insignificant difference between OD of IgG in patients with viremia before urea treatment and after urea treatment compared to healthy control.Also there was statistically insignificant difference in OD before urea and after urea in patients with viremia.Conclusion:From this study we can conclude that viremia for HSV2 is common finding in patients with bad obstetric history.Low avidity immunoglobulin G was not common finding in those patients.This may be explain that even reactivation of latent HSV 2 infection is associated with fetal loss.展开更多
This study aimed to seek necrosis avid agents with high safety from DNA binding agents.The interaction of 5-hydroxytryptophan(5-HTP)with DNA was investigated by a series of spectroscopic studies.Then,5-HTP was labeled...This study aimed to seek necrosis avid agents with high safety from DNA binding agents.The interaction of 5-hydroxytryptophan(5-HTP)with DNA was investigated by a series of spectroscopic studies.Then,5-HTP was labeled with iodine-131([^(131)I]5-HTP)and the necrosis avidity of[^(131)I]5-HTP was evaluated by in vitro cell binding assays,in vivo biodistribution experiments and blocking experiment.Finally,the potential of[^(131)I]5-HTP to image necrotic myocardium was explored in rat models with myocardial infarction by SPECT/CT imaging.Results showed that 5-HTP bound to DNA in groove binding mode and the binding constant was 1.69×10~4 L/mol.[~(^(131))I]5-HTP showed specific affinity to necrotic A549 cells,which might be related to cell nucleus.Biodistribution and autoradiography results showed preferential accumulation of[^(131)I]5-HTP in necrotic muscle(necrotic/viable muscle ratio:6.95?0.68 at 3 h postinjection(p.i.)),which could be blocked by 5-HTP with 66.7%decline,indicating that[^(131)I]5-HTP might share the same necrotic targets with 5-HTP.On SPECT/CT images,a hotspot was clearly observed at 3h p.i.in the necrotic myocardium while not in the control myocardium.In conclusion,[^(131)I]5-HTP is a novel necrosis avid agent and can rapidly visualize necrotic myocardium at 3 h p.i.The necrosis avidity mechanism of[^(131)I]5-HTP may be attributed to its interactions with exposed DNA in the necrotic tissues.展开更多
Serological tests for antibodies specific for Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) antigens are frequently used to define infection status and for the differential diagnosis of other pathogens responsible for mononucleosis syndrom...Serological tests for antibodies specific for Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) antigens are frequently used to define infection status and for the differential diagnosis of other pathogens responsible for mononucleosis syndrome. Using only three parameters [viral capsid antigen(VCA) Ig G, VCA Ig M and EBV nuclear antigen(EBNA)-1 Ig G],it is normally possible to distinguish acute from past infection: the presence of VCA Ig M and VCA Ig G without EBNA-1 Ig G indicates acute infection, whereas the presence of VCA Ig G and EBNA-1 Ig G without VCA Ig M is typical of past infection. However, serological findings may sometimes be difficult to interpret as VCA Ig G can be present without VCA Ig M or EBNA-1 Ig G in cases of acute or past infection, or all the three parameters may be detected simultaneously in the case of recent infection or during the course of reactivation. A profile of isolated EBNA-1 Ig G may also create some doubts. In order to interpret these patterns correctly, it is necessary to determine Ig G avidity, identify anti-EBV Ig G and Ig M antibodies by immunoblotting, and look for heterophile antibodies, anti-EA(D) antibodies or viral genome using molecular biology methods. These tests make it possible to define the status of the infection and solve any problems that may arise in routine laboratory practice.展开更多
AIM: To establish seroprevalence and provide characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii(TG) infection in children with recurrent headaches. METHODS: The study was performed in 178 children aged 7-17 years admitted consecuti...AIM: To establish seroprevalence and provide characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii(TG) infection in children with recurrent headaches. METHODS: The study was performed in 178 children aged 7-17 years admitted consecutively to the Department of Pediatric Neurology from November 2009 to July 2011. The children were surveyed with a questionnaire with the help and assistance of their parents and blood samples taken on admission were studied for the presence of specific anti-TG Ig M, Ig G antibodies and Ig G avidity using enzyme immunoassay Platelia Toxo Ig M, Ig G. RESULTS: The study showed that 19 children(8 boys, 11 girls; 8-17 years old, mean age 14.36 years) hadhigh serum anti-TG Ig G antibody levels(range: 32.2 > 240 UI/m L, mean 120.18 UI/m L; positive value for Ig G was ≥ 9 UI/m L). The avidity index(AI) ranged from 0.202 to 0.925(scale: ≥ 0.5 high AI). The results for Ig M antibodies were all negative and the obtained results ranged from 0.113 to 0.25 U/m L(mean = 0.191 IU/m L) and all values below 0.8 IU/m L were considered negative. The most frequent complaints found in the seropositive patients were headaches that affected the frontal(13 children), occipital(4) and parietal areas(5). Headaches usually had a pulsating(in 7 patients) and squeezing(6) character and rarely were piercing, dull or expanding. Interestingly, 8 children did not feel discomfort during the headaches, probably because they did not have sufficiently increased intracranial pressure yet. The headaches usually appeared 1-2 times/mo, lasted for 2-6 h, and had a mean intensity of 5.5 points in a 10 point subjective scale. The comorbidities included epilepsy(5 patients), various infections in 3 children(chronic eustachitis, chronic rhinitis, chronic purulent tonsillitis, streptococcal pharyngitis, meningitis, allergic diseases), disturbances of behavior, deficits of attention, and ocular and motor concentration disorders in 1 child. The electroencephalographic and neuroimaging studies performed in our patients had a very limited value in establishing cerebral toxoplasmosis.CONCLUSION: Ten point six seven percent of the studied children had markedly increased serum anti-TG Ig G antibodies and high AI indicated chronic infestation. It is suggested that tests for TG infection should be introduced to routine diagnostics in patients with recurrent headaches.展开更多
合理的利用非线性编辑实验室的硬件资源、软件资源和媒体资源,发挥这些资源应有的作用,构建科学合理的资产管理系统,对改善教学环境,提升教学质量,有重要意义。本文从具体的教学实际出发,提出基于Avid Media Composer软件的媒体资产管...合理的利用非线性编辑实验室的硬件资源、软件资源和媒体资源,发挥这些资源应有的作用,构建科学合理的资产管理系统,对改善教学环境,提升教学质量,有重要意义。本文从具体的教学实际出发,提出基于Avid Media Composer软件的媒体资产管理系统的内容组织策略、媒体传输策略和管理方式,构建了符合教学需要的媒体资产管理系统。该系统营造了良好的学习情境,提升了剪辑类相关课程教学质量。展开更多
色彩调整的方式和思路有很多.本文以Avid Media Composer为例.叙述一种分阶段校色的方法。此方法将校色分为四个阶段:亮度范围调整.色调调整.镜头间影调一致性调整.形成影片总体风格调整。分阶段,分步骤地完成画面的校色工作,可以使繁...色彩调整的方式和思路有很多.本文以Avid Media Composer为例.叙述一种分阶段校色的方法。此方法将校色分为四个阶段:亮度范围调整.色调调整.镜头间影调一致性调整.形成影片总体风格调整。分阶段,分步骤地完成画面的校色工作,可以使繁琐的校色过程思路清晰、目标明确、有章可循,从而更好地完成校色任务。展开更多
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of West Nile virus(WNV)is challenging due to short-term and low-level viremia,flavivirus cross-reactivity,and long immunoglobulin M(IgM)persistence.AIM To evaluate different methods for WNV de...BACKGROUND The diagnosis of West Nile virus(WNV)is challenging due to short-term and low-level viremia,flavivirus cross-reactivity,and long immunoglobulin M(IgM)persistence.AIM To evaluate different methods for WNV detection[reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),IgM/IgG antibodies,IgG avidity]in serum,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),and urine samples of patients with confirmed WNV infection.METHODS The study included patients with confirmed WNV neuroinvasive infection(n=62),asymptomatic WNV seropositive individuals(n=22),and individuals with false-positive WNV IgM antibodies(n=30).WNV RNA was detected using RT-PCR.A commercial ELISA was used to detect WNV IgM/IgG antibodies with confirmation of cross-reactive samples using a virus neutralization test(VNT).IgG-positive samples were tested for IgG avidity.RESULTS The WNV-RNA detection rates were significantly higher in the urine(54.5%)/serum(46.4%)than in CSF(32.2%).According to the sampling time,the WNV-RNA detection rates in urine collected within 7 days/8-14/≥15 days were 29.4/66.6/62.5%(P=0.042).However,these differences were not observed in the CSF.The median RT-PCR cycle threshold values were significantly lower in urine(32.5,IQR=28-34)than in CSF(34.5,IQR=33-36).The frequency of positive WNV IgM and IgG significantly differed according to the sampling time in serum but not in CSF.Positive IgM/IgG antibodies were detected in 84.3/9.3%of serum samples collected within 7 days,100/71.1%of samples collected 8-14,and 100%samples collected after≥15 days.Recent WNV infection was confirmed by low/borderline avidity index(AI)in 13.6%of asymptomatic individuals.A correlation between ELISA and AI was strong negative for IgM and strong positive for IgG.No significant correlation between ELISA IgG and VNT was found.CONCLUSION The frequency of WNV RNA and antibody detection depends on the sampling time and type of clinical samples.IgG avidity could differentiate recent WNV infections from long-persisting IgM antibodies.展开更多
文摘Objective To identify measles vaccine failures in Tianjin, China using a measles virus Ig G avidity assay.Methods The China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(CISDCP) was used to collect information about measles cases and blood specimens in Tianjin from 2013 to 2015. Measlesspecific Ig M and Ig G antibodies were detected using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA).Avidity testing for measles Ig G was performed using a commercial enzyme immunoassay(EIA).Results A total of 284 confirmed measles cases were identified. Of this total, 262(92.25%) were in patients aged ≥ 20 years. High avidity was exhibited in 172(60.56%) cases, while 80(28.17%) cases demonstrated low avidity. High avidity was detected in only 21.43% of cases in patients aged < 1 year.The proportion of high avidity increased with age, and was significantly higher in patients aged 30–39 years at 70.07%(χ~2 = 17.27, P = 0.002). Of the 52 measles cases in patients with a history of vaccinations,41(78.85%) cases showed high avidity, indicating secondary vaccine failures(SVF). In these vaccinations,there was no significant difference(P > 0.05) in clinical severity between high avidity and low avidity cases. However, regardless of vaccination status, clinical severity was significantly lower in high avidity cases(P < 0.001) than in low avidity cases. The percentages of positive measles Ig M results in high avidity and low avidity cases were 66.28% and 91.25%, respectively. Geometric Mean Concentration(GMC) was significantly lower in high avidity cases at 33.73 U/m L, compared to 166.07 U/m L in low avidity cases.Conclusions Low clinical severity and inconclusive Ig M antibody results are more likely in high avidity measles cases. Measles cases were more common in adults. Therefore, a further dose of vaccines should be recommended for 30–39 years in Tianjin.
文摘Objective:The goal of the present study is to highlight the significance of the determination of IgG avidity to herpes simplex2virus(HSV2) compared to detection of viremia by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in relation to recurrent abortions.Methods:Serum samples from pregnant patients with bad obstetric histories and control subjects were analyzed for quantitative determination of IgG specific for HSV2 by using ELISA with and without sample treatment with 8 M urea as protein-denaturing agents for measurement of avidity index(AI).PCR was performed for samples to determine HSV2 viremia.Results:Regarding avidity index 11.5%had avidity index = 100.0,11.5%has avidity index = 47%and 76.9%had avidity index】60%.Control group had AI】70%.There was statistically insignificant difference between OD of IgG in patients with viremia before urea treatment and after urea treatment compared to healthy control.Also there was statistically insignificant difference in OD before urea and after urea in patients with viremia.Conclusion:From this study we can conclude that viremia for HSV2 is common finding in patients with bad obstetric history.Low avidity immunoglobulin G was not common finding in those patients.This may be explain that even reactivation of latent HSV 2 infection is associated with fetal loss.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81473120,81501536,81473120)
文摘This study aimed to seek necrosis avid agents with high safety from DNA binding agents.The interaction of 5-hydroxytryptophan(5-HTP)with DNA was investigated by a series of spectroscopic studies.Then,5-HTP was labeled with iodine-131([^(131)I]5-HTP)and the necrosis avidity of[^(131)I]5-HTP was evaluated by in vitro cell binding assays,in vivo biodistribution experiments and blocking experiment.Finally,the potential of[^(131)I]5-HTP to image necrotic myocardium was explored in rat models with myocardial infarction by SPECT/CT imaging.Results showed that 5-HTP bound to DNA in groove binding mode and the binding constant was 1.69×10~4 L/mol.[~(^(131))I]5-HTP showed specific affinity to necrotic A549 cells,which might be related to cell nucleus.Biodistribution and autoradiography results showed preferential accumulation of[^(131)I]5-HTP in necrotic muscle(necrotic/viable muscle ratio:6.95?0.68 at 3 h postinjection(p.i.)),which could be blocked by 5-HTP with 66.7%decline,indicating that[^(131)I]5-HTP might share the same necrotic targets with 5-HTP.On SPECT/CT images,a hotspot was clearly observed at 3h p.i.in the necrotic myocardium while not in the control myocardium.In conclusion,[^(131)I]5-HTP is a novel necrosis avid agent and can rapidly visualize necrotic myocardium at 3 h p.i.The necrosis avidity mechanism of[^(131)I]5-HTP may be attributed to its interactions with exposed DNA in the necrotic tissues.
文摘Serological tests for antibodies specific for Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) antigens are frequently used to define infection status and for the differential diagnosis of other pathogens responsible for mononucleosis syndrome. Using only three parameters [viral capsid antigen(VCA) Ig G, VCA Ig M and EBV nuclear antigen(EBNA)-1 Ig G],it is normally possible to distinguish acute from past infection: the presence of VCA Ig M and VCA Ig G without EBNA-1 Ig G indicates acute infection, whereas the presence of VCA Ig G and EBNA-1 Ig G without VCA Ig M is typical of past infection. However, serological findings may sometimes be difficult to interpret as VCA Ig G can be present without VCA Ig M or EBNA-1 Ig G in cases of acute or past infection, or all the three parameters may be detected simultaneously in the case of recent infection or during the course of reactivation. A profile of isolated EBNA-1 Ig G may also create some doubts. In order to interpret these patterns correctly, it is necessary to determine Ig G avidity, identify anti-EBV Ig G and Ig M antibodies by immunoblotting, and look for heterophile antibodies, anti-EA(D) antibodies or viral genome using molecular biology methods. These tests make it possible to define the status of the infection and solve any problems that may arise in routine laboratory practice.
文摘AIM: To establish seroprevalence and provide characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii(TG) infection in children with recurrent headaches. METHODS: The study was performed in 178 children aged 7-17 years admitted consecutively to the Department of Pediatric Neurology from November 2009 to July 2011. The children were surveyed with a questionnaire with the help and assistance of their parents and blood samples taken on admission were studied for the presence of specific anti-TG Ig M, Ig G antibodies and Ig G avidity using enzyme immunoassay Platelia Toxo Ig M, Ig G. RESULTS: The study showed that 19 children(8 boys, 11 girls; 8-17 years old, mean age 14.36 years) hadhigh serum anti-TG Ig G antibody levels(range: 32.2 > 240 UI/m L, mean 120.18 UI/m L; positive value for Ig G was ≥ 9 UI/m L). The avidity index(AI) ranged from 0.202 to 0.925(scale: ≥ 0.5 high AI). The results for Ig M antibodies were all negative and the obtained results ranged from 0.113 to 0.25 U/m L(mean = 0.191 IU/m L) and all values below 0.8 IU/m L were considered negative. The most frequent complaints found in the seropositive patients were headaches that affected the frontal(13 children), occipital(4) and parietal areas(5). Headaches usually had a pulsating(in 7 patients) and squeezing(6) character and rarely were piercing, dull or expanding. Interestingly, 8 children did not feel discomfort during the headaches, probably because they did not have sufficiently increased intracranial pressure yet. The headaches usually appeared 1-2 times/mo, lasted for 2-6 h, and had a mean intensity of 5.5 points in a 10 point subjective scale. The comorbidities included epilepsy(5 patients), various infections in 3 children(chronic eustachitis, chronic rhinitis, chronic purulent tonsillitis, streptococcal pharyngitis, meningitis, allergic diseases), disturbances of behavior, deficits of attention, and ocular and motor concentration disorders in 1 child. The electroencephalographic and neuroimaging studies performed in our patients had a very limited value in establishing cerebral toxoplasmosis.CONCLUSION: Ten point six seven percent of the studied children had markedly increased serum anti-TG Ig G antibodies and high AI indicated chronic infestation. It is suggested that tests for TG infection should be introduced to routine diagnostics in patients with recurrent headaches.
文摘合理的利用非线性编辑实验室的硬件资源、软件资源和媒体资源,发挥这些资源应有的作用,构建科学合理的资产管理系统,对改善教学环境,提升教学质量,有重要意义。本文从具体的教学实际出发,提出基于Avid Media Composer软件的媒体资产管理系统的内容组织策略、媒体传输策略和管理方式,构建了符合教学需要的媒体资产管理系统。该系统营造了良好的学习情境,提升了剪辑类相关课程教学质量。
文摘色彩调整的方式和思路有很多.本文以Avid Media Composer为例.叙述一种分阶段校色的方法。此方法将校色分为四个阶段:亮度范围调整.色调调整.镜头间影调一致性调整.形成影片总体风格调整。分阶段,分步骤地完成画面的校色工作,可以使繁琐的校色过程思路清晰、目标明确、有章可循,从而更好地完成校色任务。
基金Supported by the Croatian Science Foundation,No.IP-2016-06-7456:CRONEUROARBOthe European Union Next Generation EU project supported by the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Croatia,No.NPOO 1 of Croatian Veterinary Institute:FLAVIR.
文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of West Nile virus(WNV)is challenging due to short-term and low-level viremia,flavivirus cross-reactivity,and long immunoglobulin M(IgM)persistence.AIM To evaluate different methods for WNV detection[reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),IgM/IgG antibodies,IgG avidity]in serum,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),and urine samples of patients with confirmed WNV infection.METHODS The study included patients with confirmed WNV neuroinvasive infection(n=62),asymptomatic WNV seropositive individuals(n=22),and individuals with false-positive WNV IgM antibodies(n=30).WNV RNA was detected using RT-PCR.A commercial ELISA was used to detect WNV IgM/IgG antibodies with confirmation of cross-reactive samples using a virus neutralization test(VNT).IgG-positive samples were tested for IgG avidity.RESULTS The WNV-RNA detection rates were significantly higher in the urine(54.5%)/serum(46.4%)than in CSF(32.2%).According to the sampling time,the WNV-RNA detection rates in urine collected within 7 days/8-14/≥15 days were 29.4/66.6/62.5%(P=0.042).However,these differences were not observed in the CSF.The median RT-PCR cycle threshold values were significantly lower in urine(32.5,IQR=28-34)than in CSF(34.5,IQR=33-36).The frequency of positive WNV IgM and IgG significantly differed according to the sampling time in serum but not in CSF.Positive IgM/IgG antibodies were detected in 84.3/9.3%of serum samples collected within 7 days,100/71.1%of samples collected 8-14,and 100%samples collected after≥15 days.Recent WNV infection was confirmed by low/borderline avidity index(AI)in 13.6%of asymptomatic individuals.A correlation between ELISA and AI was strong negative for IgM and strong positive for IgG.No significant correlation between ELISA IgG and VNT was found.CONCLUSION The frequency of WNV RNA and antibody detection depends on the sampling time and type of clinical samples.IgG avidity could differentiate recent WNV infections from long-persisting IgM antibodies.
