Objective:To systematically review the current implementation status of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority and analyze the barriers encountered during its implementation in China,providing countermeasu...Objective:To systematically review the current implementation status of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority and analyze the barriers encountered during its implementation in China,providing countermeasures and references for promoting the standardized implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Methods:A secondary analysis of literature was conducted to systematically search for domestic and international literature related to nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Meta-analysis was performed on eligible literature to evaluate the implementation effects.Simultaneously,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare workers,patients,and policymakers.Content analysis was used to organize the interview data and extract core issues and barriers.Results:A total of 46 international articles were included in the Meta-analysis,which revealed that the implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority significantly improved patients’health management outcomes,enhanced healthcare service efficiency,and increased patient satisfaction.Conclusion:The implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority has demonstrated significant positive effects.However,China faces multiple barriers in its advancement,necessitating efforts in optimizing policy systems,constructing collaborative models,strengthening professional skills training,and improving social awareness to guide the scientific and rational implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.展开更多
To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply rel...To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.展开更多
In the ever-evolving landscape of global governance,the dynamics of democracy and authoritarianism continue to shape political transitions,yet our conceptual frameworks often lag these transformations.This paper criti...In the ever-evolving landscape of global governance,the dynamics of democracy and authoritarianism continue to shape political transitions,yet our conceptual frameworks often lag these transformations.This paper critically examines the prevailing approaches to authoritarianism in sub-Saharan Africa,challenging the conventional view that defines authoritarian states merely as negations of democracy.Through a comparative analysis of four widely recognized democracy indices,the study reveals methodological biases that overlook the nuanced roles of political authority in transitional states.By exploring the intersection of normative and positive analyses,the paper rethinks the teleological assumptions underlying the classification of authoritarian regimes.It proposes an alternative perspective on the relationship between democracy and legitimacy,arguing that this relationship is pivotal in understanding social change in contexts where political alternation is absent.The study aims to provide a more comprehensive framework for assessing political development,one that prioritizes the values and norms critical to structural transformation in Africa.This paper contributes to the debate on power dynamics in autocratic regimes,highlighting how legitimacy acts as a catalyst for democratization.Ultimately,the research seeks to refine our understanding of the mechanisms through which political power operates in sub-Saharan Africa,offering new pathways for evaluating and fostering political change.We hope to contribute to a better assessment of how best to measure the effects and impact of power,while also considering the values and norms that should prevail in assessing structural transformation in Africa and the conditions that should be considered in selecting countries that are considered“politically like-minded”.展开更多
BACKGROUND Global tumor incidence rises and therapies advance,driving oncology nursing specialization.Granting nurses prescriptive authority optimizes care but polarizes nurses'attitudes due to factors like risk a...BACKGROUND Global tumor incidence rises and therapies advance,driving oncology nursing specialization.Granting nurses prescriptive authority optimizes care but polarizes nurses'attitudes due to factors like risk and competence,hindering policy implementation.AIM To investigate the current status of the attitudes of oncology specialist nurses toward having prescribing authority,specifically concerning symptom management and supportive care in oncology practice,and we conducted a path analysis of their influencing factors.METHODS As participants in the survey,oncology specialist nurses working in hospitals of different grades in Jiangsu Province were selected from March 2025 to May 2025 using a stratified sampling method.The questionnaires were administered using the general information questionnaire,the beliefs and attitudes about nurses'prescriptive authority scale,the nurses'professional identity scale,and the selfefficacy scale.Pearson’s method was used to analyze the correlation between beliefs and attitudes about the prescriptive authority,professional identity,and self-efficacy of nurses.Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the factors influencing the beliefs and attitudes of nurses’prescriptive authority.The Amos plug-in was used to construct structural equation models to analyze the influencing pathways.RESULTS A total of 329 questionnaires were distributed,and 328 valid questionnaires were returned(effective recovery rate:99.70%).The total score of the 328 oncology nurses on the beliefs and attitudes about nurses'prescriptive authority scale was 101.88±15.13,indicating a moderately high level.Univariate analysis revealed that gender and hospital grade were associated with this score(P<0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that self-efficacy was positively correlated with the scores of the beliefs and attitudes about nurses’prescriptive authority scale and the nurses’professional identity scale(r=0.4999,P<0.0001 and r=0.7048,P<0.05,respectively),whereas occupational identity was positively correlated only with the former(r=0.6209,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed occupational identity and self-efficacy as the factors influencing the scores of the beliefs and attitudes about nurses’prescriptive authority scale(P<0.05).The results of the path analysis revealed that selfefficacy significantly positively affected nurses’occupational identity and their beliefs and attitudes about having prescriptive authority;occupational identity played a mediating role between the two,with a mediating effect accounting for 54.46% of the total effect,and the structural equation model was well-fitted.CONCLUSION Oncology nurses have more positive attitudes toward prescriptive authority.In addition,self-efficacy positively and indirectly affects nurses’attitudes toward prescriptive authority through the mediating effect of occupational identity.This can be used as a basis for clinical practice to take targeted measures to improve nurses’self-efficacy and occupational identity,thus creating favorable conditions for effectively implementing the policy of prescriptive authority.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in Yunnan Province toward prescriptive authority, analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for future research and policy formulation ...Objective: To investigate the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in Yunnan Province toward prescriptive authority, analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for future research and policy formulation to support the establishment of nurses’ prescriptive authority in China. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 937 nurses in Yunnan Province using the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale on Nurses’ Prescriptive Authority. The scale assessed four dimensions: perceived need, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the overall score and each dimension. Results: The total score of the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale was 89.17 ± 17.69, indicating a moderate level of awareness and positive attitude among nurses. The highest-scoring dimension was perceived benefits (34.94 ± 8.04), while the lowest was perceived barriers (15.23 ± 3.5). Age was identified as a significant factor influencing the overall score and self-efficacy dimension (P < 0.05). Years of practice influenced the perceived benefits dimension (P = 0.051), while gender, age, and professional title were key factors affecting the perceived barriers dimension (P < 0.05). Male nurses and senior nurses demonstrated more caution toward potential risks associated with prescriptive authority. Conclusion: Nurses in Yunnan Province exhibit moderate levels of belief in and attitudes toward prescriptive authority, with age being the most significant influencing factor. Tailored training programs, policy promotion, and practical guidance are recommended to enhance nurses’ understanding and support for prescriptive authority, thereby improving nursing practices and addressing regional healthcare challenges.展开更多
This essay critically re-examines pedagogical authority in the context of artificial intelligence(AI)and hybrid learning.As AI technologies disrupt the traditional teacher-centered model,and hybrid modalities challeng...This essay critically re-examines pedagogical authority in the context of artificial intelligence(AI)and hybrid learning.As AI technologies disrupt the traditional teacher-centered model,and hybrid modalities challenge spatial hierarchies,authority in education is increasingly dispersed and relational.The paper deconstructs historical structures of authority rooted in positional hierarchy and physical space,arguing instead for a model based on ethical mediation,dialogic engagement,and technological literacy.Educators must transform from content deliverers to facilitators of critical inquiry,guiding students through algorithmic complexity and fostering inclusive,participatory learning environments.By embracing relational authority and transparent practices,higher education can reclaim its democratic and transformative potential in the post-AI era.展开更多
Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)are increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to their integral connection between cyberspace and the physical world,which is augmented by Internet connectivity.This vulnerability necess...Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)are increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to their integral connection between cyberspace and the physical world,which is augmented by Internet connectivity.This vulnerability necessitates a heightened focus on developing resilient control mechanisms for CPSs.However,current observer-based active compensation resilient controllers exhibit poor performance against stealthy deception attacks(SDAs)due to the difficulty in accurately reconstructing system states because of the stealthy nature of these attacks.Moreover,some non-active compensation approaches are insufficient when there is a complete loss of actuator control authority.To address these issues,we introduce a novel learning-based passive resilient controller(LPRC).Our approach,unlike observer-based state reconstruction,shows enhanced effectiveness in countering SDAs.We developed a safety state set,represented by an ellipsoid,to ensure CPS stability under SDA conditions,maintaining system trajectories within this set.Additionally,by employing deep reinforcement learning(DRL),the LPRC acquires the capacity to adapt and diverse evolving attack strategies.To empirically substantiate our methodology,various attack methods were compared with current passive and active compensation resilient control methods to evaluate their performance.展开更多
基金Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(Project No.:2024J2130)。
文摘Objective:To systematically review the current implementation status of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority and analyze the barriers encountered during its implementation in China,providing countermeasures and references for promoting the standardized implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Methods:A secondary analysis of literature was conducted to systematically search for domestic and international literature related to nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Meta-analysis was performed on eligible literature to evaluate the implementation effects.Simultaneously,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare workers,patients,and policymakers.Content analysis was used to organize the interview data and extract core issues and barriers.Results:A total of 46 international articles were included in the Meta-analysis,which revealed that the implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority significantly improved patients’health management outcomes,enhanced healthcare service efficiency,and increased patient satisfaction.Conclusion:The implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority has demonstrated significant positive effects.However,China faces multiple barriers in its advancement,necessitating efforts in optimizing policy systems,constructing collaborative models,strengthening professional skills training,and improving social awareness to guide the scientific and rational implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,Grant Nos.2024NSFSC0515,2024ZHCG0182 and MZGC20230013.
文摘To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.
文摘In the ever-evolving landscape of global governance,the dynamics of democracy and authoritarianism continue to shape political transitions,yet our conceptual frameworks often lag these transformations.This paper critically examines the prevailing approaches to authoritarianism in sub-Saharan Africa,challenging the conventional view that defines authoritarian states merely as negations of democracy.Through a comparative analysis of four widely recognized democracy indices,the study reveals methodological biases that overlook the nuanced roles of political authority in transitional states.By exploring the intersection of normative and positive analyses,the paper rethinks the teleological assumptions underlying the classification of authoritarian regimes.It proposes an alternative perspective on the relationship between democracy and legitimacy,arguing that this relationship is pivotal in understanding social change in contexts where political alternation is absent.The study aims to provide a more comprehensive framework for assessing political development,one that prioritizes the values and norms critical to structural transformation in Africa.This paper contributes to the debate on power dynamics in autocratic regimes,highlighting how legitimacy acts as a catalyst for democratization.Ultimately,the research seeks to refine our understanding of the mechanisms through which political power operates in sub-Saharan Africa,offering new pathways for evaluating and fostering political change.We hope to contribute to a better assessment of how best to measure the effects and impact of power,while also considering the values and norms that should prevail in assessing structural transformation in Africa and the conditions that should be considered in selecting countries that are considered“politically like-minded”.
文摘BACKGROUND Global tumor incidence rises and therapies advance,driving oncology nursing specialization.Granting nurses prescriptive authority optimizes care but polarizes nurses'attitudes due to factors like risk and competence,hindering policy implementation.AIM To investigate the current status of the attitudes of oncology specialist nurses toward having prescribing authority,specifically concerning symptom management and supportive care in oncology practice,and we conducted a path analysis of their influencing factors.METHODS As participants in the survey,oncology specialist nurses working in hospitals of different grades in Jiangsu Province were selected from March 2025 to May 2025 using a stratified sampling method.The questionnaires were administered using the general information questionnaire,the beliefs and attitudes about nurses'prescriptive authority scale,the nurses'professional identity scale,and the selfefficacy scale.Pearson’s method was used to analyze the correlation between beliefs and attitudes about the prescriptive authority,professional identity,and self-efficacy of nurses.Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the factors influencing the beliefs and attitudes of nurses’prescriptive authority.The Amos plug-in was used to construct structural equation models to analyze the influencing pathways.RESULTS A total of 329 questionnaires were distributed,and 328 valid questionnaires were returned(effective recovery rate:99.70%).The total score of the 328 oncology nurses on the beliefs and attitudes about nurses'prescriptive authority scale was 101.88±15.13,indicating a moderately high level.Univariate analysis revealed that gender and hospital grade were associated with this score(P<0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that self-efficacy was positively correlated with the scores of the beliefs and attitudes about nurses’prescriptive authority scale and the nurses’professional identity scale(r=0.4999,P<0.0001 and r=0.7048,P<0.05,respectively),whereas occupational identity was positively correlated only with the former(r=0.6209,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed occupational identity and self-efficacy as the factors influencing the scores of the beliefs and attitudes about nurses’prescriptive authority scale(P<0.05).The results of the path analysis revealed that selfefficacy significantly positively affected nurses’occupational identity and their beliefs and attitudes about having prescriptive authority;occupational identity played a mediating role between the two,with a mediating effect accounting for 54.46% of the total effect,and the structural equation model was well-fitted.CONCLUSION Oncology nurses have more positive attitudes toward prescriptive authority.In addition,self-efficacy positively and indirectly affects nurses’attitudes toward prescriptive authority through the mediating effect of occupational identity.This can be used as a basis for clinical practice to take targeted measures to improve nurses’self-efficacy and occupational identity,thus creating favorable conditions for effectively implementing the policy of prescriptive authority.
文摘Objective: To investigate the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in Yunnan Province toward prescriptive authority, analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for future research and policy formulation to support the establishment of nurses’ prescriptive authority in China. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 937 nurses in Yunnan Province using the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale on Nurses’ Prescriptive Authority. The scale assessed four dimensions: perceived need, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the overall score and each dimension. Results: The total score of the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale was 89.17 ± 17.69, indicating a moderate level of awareness and positive attitude among nurses. The highest-scoring dimension was perceived benefits (34.94 ± 8.04), while the lowest was perceived barriers (15.23 ± 3.5). Age was identified as a significant factor influencing the overall score and self-efficacy dimension (P < 0.05). Years of practice influenced the perceived benefits dimension (P = 0.051), while gender, age, and professional title were key factors affecting the perceived barriers dimension (P < 0.05). Male nurses and senior nurses demonstrated more caution toward potential risks associated with prescriptive authority. Conclusion: Nurses in Yunnan Province exhibit moderate levels of belief in and attitudes toward prescriptive authority, with age being the most significant influencing factor. Tailored training programs, policy promotion, and practical guidance are recommended to enhance nurses’ understanding and support for prescriptive authority, thereby improving nursing practices and addressing regional healthcare challenges.
文摘This essay critically re-examines pedagogical authority in the context of artificial intelligence(AI)and hybrid learning.As AI technologies disrupt the traditional teacher-centered model,and hybrid modalities challenge spatial hierarchies,authority in education is increasingly dispersed and relational.The paper deconstructs historical structures of authority rooted in positional hierarchy and physical space,arguing instead for a model based on ethical mediation,dialogic engagement,and technological literacy.Educators must transform from content deliverers to facilitators of critical inquiry,guiding students through algorithmic complexity and fostering inclusive,participatory learning environments.By embracing relational authority and transparent practices,higher education can reclaim its democratic and transformative potential in the post-AI era.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52332011).
文摘Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)are increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to their integral connection between cyberspace and the physical world,which is augmented by Internet connectivity.This vulnerability necessitates a heightened focus on developing resilient control mechanisms for CPSs.However,current observer-based active compensation resilient controllers exhibit poor performance against stealthy deception attacks(SDAs)due to the difficulty in accurately reconstructing system states because of the stealthy nature of these attacks.Moreover,some non-active compensation approaches are insufficient when there is a complete loss of actuator control authority.To address these issues,we introduce a novel learning-based passive resilient controller(LPRC).Our approach,unlike observer-based state reconstruction,shows enhanced effectiveness in countering SDAs.We developed a safety state set,represented by an ellipsoid,to ensure CPS stability under SDA conditions,maintaining system trajectories within this set.Additionally,by employing deep reinforcement learning(DRL),the LPRC acquires the capacity to adapt and diverse evolving attack strategies.To empirically substantiate our methodology,various attack methods were compared with current passive and active compensation resilient control methods to evaluate their performance.
