The cochlea is one of the most complex organs in the human body,exhibiting a complex interplay of characteristics in acoustic,mechanical,electrical,and biological functions.Functional cochlea models are an essential p...The cochlea is one of the most complex organs in the human body,exhibiting a complex interplay of characteristics in acoustic,mechanical,electrical,and biological functions.Functional cochlea models are an essential platform for studying hearing mechanics and are crucial for developing next-generation auditory prostheses and artificial hearing systems for sensorineural hearing restoration.Recent advances in additive manufacturing,organ-on-a-chip models,drug delivery platforms,and artificial intelligence have provided valuable insights into how to manufacture artificial cochlea models that more accurately replicate the complex anatomy and physiology of the inner ear.This paper reviews recent advancements in the applications of advanced manufacturing techniques in reproducing the physical,biological,and intelligent functions of the cochlea.It also outlines the current challenges to developing mechanically,electrically,and anatomically accurate functional models of the inner ear.Finally,this review identifies the major requirements and outlook for impactful research in this field going forward.Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation,these functional cochlea models are poised to drive significant advancements in hearing treatments,and ultimately enhance the quality of life for individuals with hearing loss.展开更多
Auditory verbal hallucination(AVH)is emphasized as a pathological hallmark of schizophrenia.Neuroimaging studies provide evidence linking AVH to overlapping functional abnormalities in distributed networks.However,no ...Auditory verbal hallucination(AVH)is emphasized as a pathological hallmark of schizophrenia.Neuroimaging studies provide evidence linking AVH to overlapping functional abnormalities in distributed networks.However,no clear conclusion has still been reached.This study aimed to further explore the brain activity of patients with schizophrenia having AVH from both local activity(LA)and functional connectivity(FC)insights,while excluding confounding factors from other positive symptoms.A total of 42 patients with AVH(AVH patients group,APG),26 without AVH(non-AVH patients group,NPG),and 82 normal controls(NC)underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).LA measures,including regional homogeneity(ReHo)and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFF),and FC measures were evaluated to understand the neuroimaging mechanism of AVH.APG showed increased ReHo and fALFF in the bilateral putamen(Put)compared with NPG and NC.FC analysis(using bilateral putamen as seeds)revealed that all patients showed abnormal FC of multiple resting state network regions,including the anterior and post cingulate cortex,middle frontal gyrus,inferior parietal gyrus,and left angular gyrus.Interestingly,APG showed significantly decreased FC of insula extending to the superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus compared with NPG and NC.The present findings suggested a significant correlation of abnormal LA and dysfunctional putamen-auditory cortical connectivity with the neuropathological mechanism of AVH,providing evidence for the functional disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia.展开更多
AIM: To validate a multimodal [structural and functional magnetic resonance (MR)] approach as coincidence brain clusters are hypothesized to correlate with clinical severity of auditory hallucinations. METHODS: Twenty...AIM: To validate a multimodal [structural and functional magnetic resonance (MR)] approach as coincidence brain clusters are hypothesized to correlate with clinical severity of auditory hallucinations. METHODS: Twenty-two patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition, DSM-IV) criteria for schizophrenia and experiencing persistent hallucinations together with 28 healthy controls were evaluated with structural and functional MR imaging with an auditory paradigm designed to replicate those emotions related to the patients’ hallucinatory experiences. Coincidence maps were obtained by combining structural maps of gray matter reduction with emotional functional increased activation. Abnormal areas were correlated with the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and the psychotic symptom rating scale (PSYRATS) scales. RESULTS: The coincidence analysis showed areas with coexistence gray matter reductions and emotional activation in bilateral middle temporal and superior temporal gyri. Significant negative correlations between BPRS and PSYRATS scales were observed. BPRS scores were negatively correlated in the middle temporal gyrus (right) (t = 6.86, P = 0.001), while negative PSYRATS correlation affected regions in both the superior temporal gyrus (left) (t = 7.85, P = 0.001) and middle temporal gyrus (left) (t = 4.97, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Our data identify left superior and middle temporal gyri as relevant areas for the understanding of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. The use of multimodal approaches, sharing structural and functional information, may demonstrate areas specifically linked to the severity of auditory hallucinations.展开更多
Objective: Evaluating the auditory function in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin.Methods: This study involved 80 patients with chronic hepatitis C who agreed to receive sofosbuvir...Objective: Evaluating the auditory function in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin.Methods: This study involved 80 patients with chronic hepatitis C who agreed to receive sofosbuvir and ribavirin. All participants were subjected to baseline otological and audiological assessment just before treatment. The audiological assessment included standard pure tone audiometry, extended highfrequency audiometry, immitancemetry and otoacoustic emissions(OAEs)(transient and distortion product). According to baseline hearing threshold measurements, the study population was divided into2 groups. Group 1 included 42 patients with normal hearing sensitivity(250-8000 Hz), and Group 2 included 38 patients with sensorineural hearing loss. After 24 weeks of therapy, otological and audiological assessments were repeated and compared between the two groups and before and after therapy.Results: Post-treatment hearing threshold evaluation showed no significant difference from pretreatment evaluation at all tested frequencies. There was no statistically significant difference between pre and post-treatment otoacoustic emissions results.Conclusion: Therapy with sofosbuvir and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C has no noticeable effects on cochlear functions.展开更多
Objective The main purpose of the present study was to describe the vestibular function in patients with auditory neuropathy (AN), and to assess their ability to maintain balance. Methods Vestibular function tests wer...Objective The main purpose of the present study was to describe the vestibular function in patients with auditory neuropathy (AN), and to assess their ability to maintain balance. Methods Vestibular function tests were performed on 32 patients with AN and 36 normal subjects including electronystagmopraphy(ENG) and static postrography(SPG). The results from the two groups were compared. Results Equilibrium function in patients with AN, was abnormal, compared to normal subjects. Conclusion Vestibular function tests, espe-cially static postrography, should be performed on patients with AN.展开更多
Objective: in this paper, the functional connectivity of the resting state brain in first-episode schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations was studied. Methods: according to the DDSM -IV schizophrenia diagn...Objective: in this paper, the functional connectivity of the resting state brain in first-episode schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations was studied. Methods: according to the DDSM -IV schizophrenia diagnostic criteria, 94 patients with first schizophrenic auditory hallucinations and 94 healthy patients were selected as control. All subjects underwent clinical evaluation and resting-state functional magnetic resonance (FMRI) scans, and the differences between the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: compared to control group, patients with first-episode schizophrenia auditory hallucination itself left superior temporal gyrus, the ipsilateral medial prefrontal function and connection of side guide vane fall further, at the same time, to the left side of the patients with first-episode schizophrenia hallucinations Heschl back with ipsilateral medial prefrontal function and connection of the contralateral temporal gyrus, showed a trend of decline, in addition, for the right of HG, it was also functionally connected to the left middle temporal gyrus and showed a declining trend. Conclusion: in the early stages of schizophrenia, there are serious abnormal connectivity between different brain regions, especially between the two sides of the brain, and there is also an abnormal pattern of "disconnection", which indicates that there are serious abnormalities in the integration function of the brain in the first episode of schizophrenia.展开更多
Hardware based neuromorphic sensory system has attracted great attention for cognitive interactive platform.Auditory perception system can capture and analyze various sound signals,helping us to detect dangerous surro...Hardware based neuromorphic sensory system has attracted great attention for cognitive interactive platform.Auditory perception system can capture and analyze various sound signals,helping us to detect dangerous surroundings and judge environmental conditions.Therefore,developing neuromorphic auditory system that can decode auditory spatiotemporal information would be interesting.Here,an artificial auditory perceptual system is proposed by integrating sound frequency sensitive triboelectric nanogenerators(SFS-TENGs)and oxide based ionotronic neuromorphic transistor.With perforated configuration,the SFS-TENG adopting polyetheretherketone membrane and polytetrafluoroethylene membrane as friction layers can convert sound wave signals into electrical signals,exhibiting a high sensitivity of~2.24 V/dB and good durability.The neuromorphic transistor can further process electrical signals generated by SFS-TENG.Thus,the system can mimic auditory perception,exhibiting a wide range of sound pressure and frequency recognition capabilities.Information encryption/decryption and Doppler frequency shift temporal information processing are demonstrated on the TENG based auditory system for the first time.The present auditory perceptual system demonstrates broad application prospects,providing new opportunities to create sophisticated,adaptable,and interactive systems.展开更多
Similar to the visual dual-pathway model, neurophysiological studies in non-human primates have suggested that the dual-pathway model is also applicable for explaining auditory cortical processing, including the ventr...Similar to the visual dual-pathway model, neurophysiological studies in non-human primates have suggested that the dual-pathway model is also applicable for explaining auditory cortical processing, including the ventral ＂what＂ pathway for object identification and the dorsal ＂where＂ pathway for spatial localization. This review summarizes evidence from human neuroimaging studies supporting the dual-pathway model for auditory cortical processing in humans.展开更多
AIM To provide an updated of recent findings about efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy(CBT) in reduction of command hallucinations.METHODS Pub Med/MEDLINE,Cochrane Library,the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied...AIM To provide an updated of recent findings about efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy(CBT) in reduction of command hallucinations.METHODS Pub Med/MEDLINE,Cochrane Library,the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,PsycI NFO,Clinical Trial.gov searches were performed using the keywords "hallucinations","behavioural therapy" and " cognitive therapy" in order to identify relevant articles published during the years of 2011 to 2016.No language limits were used.Studies conducted within control group,reviews,editorials,were excluded.Data on efficacy,acceptability and tolerability were extracted by three authors independently.Disagreements were resolved in a consensus meeting or by another reviewer.RESULTS A total of eight articles were eligible for inclusion.Two are randomized clinical trials(RCTs) and six are observational studies.The two RCTs included showed a greater efficacy of CBT compared to standard care on auditory hallucinations(AHs).Nevertheless,they considered different CBT models,particularly Treatment of Resistant Command Hallucinations and Cognitive Therapy for Command Hallucinations.As regards non RCT-studies,all papers included showed reduction on frequency and severity of AHs and distress related to them.However,the lack of content details within non-RCTs studies decreased their comparability.In terms of predictive variables,our findings show that negative symptoms at baseline appeared to be the strongest predictor of the treatment efficacy.Indeed,negative symptoms showed a significant negative correlation on outcome.CONCLUSION Although more conclusive studies are still needed,we found some preliminary evidence for the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of command hallucinations.展开更多
In this invited review I provide a selective overview of recent research on brain mechanisms and cognitive processes involved in auditory hallucinations. The review is focused on research carried out in the "VOIC...In this invited review I provide a selective overview of recent research on brain mechanisms and cognitive processes involved in auditory hallucinations. The review is focused on research carried out in the "VOICE" ERC Advanced Grant Project, funded by the European Research Council, but I also review and discuss the literature in general. Auditory hallucinations are suggested to be perceptual phenomena, with a neuronal origin in the speech perception areas in the temporal lobe. The phenomenology of auditory hallucinations is conceptualized along three domains, or dimensions; a perceptual dimension, experienced as someone speaking to the patient; a cognitive dimension, experienced as an inability to inhibit, or ignore the voices, and an emotional dimension, experienced as the "voices" having primarily a negative, or sinister, emotional tone. I will review cognitive, imaging, and neurochemistry data related to these dimensions, primarily the first two. The reviewed data are summarized in a model that sees auditory hallucinations as initiated from temporal lobe neuronal hyper-activation that draws attentional focus inward, and which is not inhibited due to frontal lobe hypo-activation. It is further suggested that this is maintained through abnormal glutamate and possibly gamma-amino-butyric-acid transmitter mediation, which could point towards new pathways for pharmacological treatment. A final section discusses new methods of acquiring quantitative data on the phenomenology and subjective experience of auditory hallucination that goes beyond standard interview questionnaires, by suggesting an iP hone/iP od app.展开更多
基金support from the UCL GRS/ORS scholarshipUCL Fellowship Incubator Award+9 种基金supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre(NIHR203312)funded by the Royal National Institute for Deaf People(RNID,G100138)funded by the Rosetrees Trust Enterprise Fellowship(EF2020100099)RNID Flexigrant(F112)Wellcome Trust Developing Concept Fund(RG93172/BANCE/40181)by the Evelyn Trustfunded by the Woolf Fisher Trust,New Zealandthe Cambridge Commonwealth,European,&International Trustby Trinity CollegeUniversity of Cambridge。
文摘The cochlea is one of the most complex organs in the human body,exhibiting a complex interplay of characteristics in acoustic,mechanical,electrical,and biological functions.Functional cochlea models are an essential platform for studying hearing mechanics and are crucial for developing next-generation auditory prostheses and artificial hearing systems for sensorineural hearing restoration.Recent advances in additive manufacturing,organ-on-a-chip models,drug delivery platforms,and artificial intelligence have provided valuable insights into how to manufacture artificial cochlea models that more accurately replicate the complex anatomy and physiology of the inner ear.This paper reviews recent advancements in the applications of advanced manufacturing techniques in reproducing the physical,biological,and intelligent functions of the cochlea.It also outlines the current challenges to developing mechanically,electrically,and anatomically accurate functional models of the inner ear.Finally,this review identifies the major requirements and outlook for impactful research in this field going forward.Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation,these functional cochlea models are poised to drive significant advancements in hearing treatments,and ultimately enhance the quality of life for individuals with hearing loss.
基金'This study was supported by grants from the National 973 Program of China(No.201 lCB707805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91132301)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2014CFB732).
文摘Auditory verbal hallucination(AVH)is emphasized as a pathological hallmark of schizophrenia.Neuroimaging studies provide evidence linking AVH to overlapping functional abnormalities in distributed networks.However,no clear conclusion has still been reached.This study aimed to further explore the brain activity of patients with schizophrenia having AVH from both local activity(LA)and functional connectivity(FC)insights,while excluding confounding factors from other positive symptoms.A total of 42 patients with AVH(AVH patients group,APG),26 without AVH(non-AVH patients group,NPG),and 82 normal controls(NC)underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).LA measures,including regional homogeneity(ReHo)and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFF),and FC measures were evaluated to understand the neuroimaging mechanism of AVH.APG showed increased ReHo and fALFF in the bilateral putamen(Put)compared with NPG and NC.FC analysis(using bilateral putamen as seeds)revealed that all patients showed abnormal FC of multiple resting state network regions,including the anterior and post cingulate cortex,middle frontal gyrus,inferior parietal gyrus,and left angular gyrus.Interestingly,APG showed significantly decreased FC of insula extending to the superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus compared with NPG and NC.The present findings suggested a significant correlation of abnormal LA and dysfunctional putamen-auditory cortical connectivity with the neuropathological mechanism of AVH,providing evidence for the functional disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia.
文摘AIM: To validate a multimodal [structural and functional magnetic resonance (MR)] approach as coincidence brain clusters are hypothesized to correlate with clinical severity of auditory hallucinations. METHODS: Twenty-two patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition, DSM-IV) criteria for schizophrenia and experiencing persistent hallucinations together with 28 healthy controls were evaluated with structural and functional MR imaging with an auditory paradigm designed to replicate those emotions related to the patients’ hallucinatory experiences. Coincidence maps were obtained by combining structural maps of gray matter reduction with emotional functional increased activation. Abnormal areas were correlated with the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and the psychotic symptom rating scale (PSYRATS) scales. RESULTS: The coincidence analysis showed areas with coexistence gray matter reductions and emotional activation in bilateral middle temporal and superior temporal gyri. Significant negative correlations between BPRS and PSYRATS scales were observed. BPRS scores were negatively correlated in the middle temporal gyrus (right) (t = 6.86, P = 0.001), while negative PSYRATS correlation affected regions in both the superior temporal gyrus (left) (t = 7.85, P = 0.001) and middle temporal gyrus (left) (t = 4.97, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Our data identify left superior and middle temporal gyri as relevant areas for the understanding of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. The use of multimodal approaches, sharing structural and functional information, may demonstrate areas specifically linked to the severity of auditory hallucinations.
文摘Objective: Evaluating the auditory function in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin.Methods: This study involved 80 patients with chronic hepatitis C who agreed to receive sofosbuvir and ribavirin. All participants were subjected to baseline otological and audiological assessment just before treatment. The audiological assessment included standard pure tone audiometry, extended highfrequency audiometry, immitancemetry and otoacoustic emissions(OAEs)(transient and distortion product). According to baseline hearing threshold measurements, the study population was divided into2 groups. Group 1 included 42 patients with normal hearing sensitivity(250-8000 Hz), and Group 2 included 38 patients with sensorineural hearing loss. After 24 weeks of therapy, otological and audiological assessments were repeated and compared between the two groups and before and after therapy.Results: Post-treatment hearing threshold evaluation showed no significant difference from pretreatment evaluation at all tested frequencies. There was no statistically significant difference between pre and post-treatment otoacoustic emissions results.Conclusion: Therapy with sofosbuvir and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C has no noticeable effects on cochlear functions.
文摘Objective The main purpose of the present study was to describe the vestibular function in patients with auditory neuropathy (AN), and to assess their ability to maintain balance. Methods Vestibular function tests were performed on 32 patients with AN and 36 normal subjects including electronystagmopraphy(ENG) and static postrography(SPG). The results from the two groups were compared. Results Equilibrium function in patients with AN, was abnormal, compared to normal subjects. Conclusion Vestibular function tests, espe-cially static postrography, should be performed on patients with AN.
文摘Objective: in this paper, the functional connectivity of the resting state brain in first-episode schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations was studied. Methods: according to the DDSM -IV schizophrenia diagnostic criteria, 94 patients with first schizophrenic auditory hallucinations and 94 healthy patients were selected as control. All subjects underwent clinical evaluation and resting-state functional magnetic resonance (FMRI) scans, and the differences between the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: compared to control group, patients with first-episode schizophrenia auditory hallucination itself left superior temporal gyrus, the ipsilateral medial prefrontal function and connection of side guide vane fall further, at the same time, to the left side of the patients with first-episode schizophrenia hallucinations Heschl back with ipsilateral medial prefrontal function and connection of the contralateral temporal gyrus, showed a trend of decline, in addition, for the right of HG, it was also functionally connected to the left middle temporal gyrus and showed a declining trend. Conclusion: in the early stages of schizophrenia, there are serious abnormal connectivity between different brain regions, especially between the two sides of the brain, and there is also an abnormal pattern of "disconnection", which indicates that there are serious abnormalities in the integration function of the brain in the first episode of schizophrenia.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A2075)Ningbo Key Scientific and Technological Project(No.2021Z116).
文摘Hardware based neuromorphic sensory system has attracted great attention for cognitive interactive platform.Auditory perception system can capture and analyze various sound signals,helping us to detect dangerous surroundings and judge environmental conditions.Therefore,developing neuromorphic auditory system that can decode auditory spatiotemporal information would be interesting.Here,an artificial auditory perceptual system is proposed by integrating sound frequency sensitive triboelectric nanogenerators(SFS-TENGs)and oxide based ionotronic neuromorphic transistor.With perforated configuration,the SFS-TENG adopting polyetheretherketone membrane and polytetrafluoroethylene membrane as friction layers can convert sound wave signals into electrical signals,exhibiting a high sensitivity of~2.24 V/dB and good durability.The neuromorphic transistor can further process electrical signals generated by SFS-TENG.Thus,the system can mimic auditory perception,exhibiting a wide range of sound pressure and frequency recognition capabilities.Information encryption/decryption and Doppler frequency shift temporal information processing are demonstrated on the TENG based auditory system for the first time.The present auditory perceptual system demonstrates broad application prospects,providing new opportunities to create sophisticated,adaptable,and interactive systems.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China （No. 30711120563, No. 30670704, and No. 60535030）.
文摘Similar to the visual dual-pathway model, neurophysiological studies in non-human primates have suggested that the dual-pathway model is also applicable for explaining auditory cortical processing, including the ventral ＂what＂ pathway for object identification and the dorsal ＂where＂ pathway for spatial localization. This review summarizes evidence from human neuroimaging studies supporting the dual-pathway model for auditory cortical processing in humans.
文摘AIM To provide an updated of recent findings about efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy(CBT) in reduction of command hallucinations.METHODS Pub Med/MEDLINE,Cochrane Library,the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,PsycI NFO,Clinical Trial.gov searches were performed using the keywords "hallucinations","behavioural therapy" and " cognitive therapy" in order to identify relevant articles published during the years of 2011 to 2016.No language limits were used.Studies conducted within control group,reviews,editorials,were excluded.Data on efficacy,acceptability and tolerability were extracted by three authors independently.Disagreements were resolved in a consensus meeting or by another reviewer.RESULTS A total of eight articles were eligible for inclusion.Two are randomized clinical trials(RCTs) and six are observational studies.The two RCTs included showed a greater efficacy of CBT compared to standard care on auditory hallucinations(AHs).Nevertheless,they considered different CBT models,particularly Treatment of Resistant Command Hallucinations and Cognitive Therapy for Command Hallucinations.As regards non RCT-studies,all papers included showed reduction on frequency and severity of AHs and distress related to them.However,the lack of content details within non-RCTs studies decreased their comparability.In terms of predictive variables,our findings show that negative symptoms at baseline appeared to be the strongest predictor of the treatment efficacy.Indeed,negative symptoms showed a significant negative correlation on outcome.CONCLUSION Although more conclusive studies are still needed,we found some preliminary evidence for the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of command hallucinations.
基金Supported by European Research Council Advanced Grant,No.#249516Research Council of Norway FRIBIOMED Grant,No.807696SFF Grant,No.222373
文摘In this invited review I provide a selective overview of recent research on brain mechanisms and cognitive processes involved in auditory hallucinations. The review is focused on research carried out in the "VOICE" ERC Advanced Grant Project, funded by the European Research Council, but I also review and discuss the literature in general. Auditory hallucinations are suggested to be perceptual phenomena, with a neuronal origin in the speech perception areas in the temporal lobe. The phenomenology of auditory hallucinations is conceptualized along three domains, or dimensions; a perceptual dimension, experienced as someone speaking to the patient; a cognitive dimension, experienced as an inability to inhibit, or ignore the voices, and an emotional dimension, experienced as the "voices" having primarily a negative, or sinister, emotional tone. I will review cognitive, imaging, and neurochemistry data related to these dimensions, primarily the first two. The reviewed data are summarized in a model that sees auditory hallucinations as initiated from temporal lobe neuronal hyper-activation that draws attentional focus inward, and which is not inhibited due to frontal lobe hypo-activation. It is further suggested that this is maintained through abnormal glutamate and possibly gamma-amino-butyric-acid transmitter mediation, which could point towards new pathways for pharmacological treatment. A final section discusses new methods of acquiring quantitative data on the phenomenology and subjective experience of auditory hallucination that goes beyond standard interview questionnaires, by suggesting an iP hone/iP od app.
