To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated ...To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.展开更多
Audio-visual speech recognition(AVSR),which integrates audio and visual modalities to improve recognition performance and robustness in noisy or adverse acoustic conditions,has attracted significant research interest....Audio-visual speech recognition(AVSR),which integrates audio and visual modalities to improve recognition performance and robustness in noisy or adverse acoustic conditions,has attracted significant research interest.However,Conformer-based architectures remain computational expensive due to the quadratic increase in the spatial and temporal complexity of their softmax-based attention mechanisms with sequence length.In addition,Conformerbased architectures may not provide sufficient flexibility for modeling local dependencies at different granularities.To mitigate these limitations,this study introduces a novel AVSR framework based on a ReLU-based Sparse and Grouped Conformer(RSG-Conformer)architecture.Specifically,we propose a Global-enhanced Sparse Attention(GSA)module incorporating an efficient context restoration block to recover lost contextual cues.Concurrently,a Grouped-scale Convolution(GSC)module replaces the standard Conformer convolution module,providing adaptive local modeling across varying temporal resolutions.Furthermore,we integrate a Refined Intermediate Contextual CTC(RIC-CTC)supervision strategy.This approach applies progressively increasing loss weights combined with convolution-based context aggregation,thereby further relaxing the constraint of conditional independence inherent in standard CTC frameworks.Evaluations on the LRS2 and LRS3 benchmark validate the efficacy of our approach,with word error rates(WERs)reduced to 1.8%and 1.5%,respectively.These results further demonstrate and validate its state-of-the-art performance in AVSR tasks.展开更多
Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use ...Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use of graphene-based materials in fields like electronics,energy,and composites has resulted in standards for their nomenclature,the measurement of key characteristics,and their specification,etc.Among these,standards for measuring the key characteristics are crucial.The critical parameters are the number of layers,the type and concentration of defects and functional groups,elemental composition,sheet resistance,and carrier mobility.Standards for characterizing these have been analyzed by the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee in ISO/TC229 and the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee in IEC/TC113.These give details of applicable or preferred samples,the fundamental principles of the techniques,specific precautions,and points for attention in the relevant standards.The pivotal role of the ISO/TC229 and IEC/TC113 standards is considered and challenges and future trends are outlined.展开更多
In response to the global energy crisis and environmental challenges,photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production has emerged as a sustainable alternative toward clean energy conversion.Among diverse photocatalysts invest...In response to the global energy crisis and environmental challenges,photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production has emerged as a sustainable alternative toward clean energy conversion.Among diverse photocatalysts investigated,TiO_(2)-based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties,such as high chemical stability,strong redox capacity and tunable electronic structures,along with high cost-effectiveness.Extensive research on TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts proves their enormous potential in the field of H2 production.This timely and critical review explores the recent advances in TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts,discussing their distinctive advantages and synthesis methods in photocatalytic H2 production.Modification strategies,such as elemental doping(e.g.,precious metals,non-precious metals and non-metals),morphology engineering and composite formation,are summarised to improve photocatalytic efficiency.Advanced in/ex situ characterization techniques employed to probe photocatalytic mechanisms are also highlighted.Finally,major challenges,such as limited visible-light activity and charge recombination,are outlined,with perspectives on emerging TiO_(2)-based nanomaterials and design strategies to overcome current bottlenecks.And the research focus in the future is prospected,such as atomic interface engineering,machine learning auxiliary material design and large-scale preparation technology.This work aims to provide insights into the rational design of TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts for next-generation H2 production systems.展开更多
CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development o...CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.展开更多
Moisture electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a sustainable and versatile energy-harvesting technology capable of converting ubiquitous environmental moisture into electrical energy,which holds great promise for ...Moisture electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a sustainable and versatile energy-harvesting technology capable of converting ubiquitous environmental moisture into electrical energy,which holds great promise for renewable energy and constructing self-powered electronics.In this review,we begin by outlining the fundamental mechanisms—ion diffusion,electric double layer formation,and streaming potential—that govern charge transport for MEG in moist environments.A comprehensive survey of material innovations follows,highlighting breakthroughs in carbon-based materials,conductive polymers,hydrogels,and bio-inspired systems that enhance MEG performance,scalability,and biocompatibility.We then explore a range of device architectures,from planar and layered systems to flexible,miniaturized,and textile-integrated designs,engineered for both energy conversion and sensor integration.Key challenges are analyzed,along with strategies for overcoming them.We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on future directions,including hybrid energy systems,AI-assisted material design,and real-world deployment.This review presents a timely and comprehensive overview of MEG technologies and their trajectory toward practical and sustainable energy solutions.展开更多
The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite mo...The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite molecular sieves,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and can be produced in many different forms.Using their different possible construction units,ordered structures for specific applications can be produced,giving them broad prospects in fields such as gas storage.This review analyzes the different types of COFs that have been synthesized and their different methods of CO_(2) capture.It then discusses different ways to increase CO_(2) adsorption by changing the internal structure of COFs and modifying their surfaces.The limitations of COF-derived carbon materials in CO_(2) capture are reviewed and,finally,the key role of machine learning and computational simulation in improving CO_(2) adsorption is mentioned,and the current status and future possible uses of COFs are summarized.展开更多
Investments in eco-friendly,recyclable material solutions and innovation in bio-based nonwovens are increasingly shaping the next generation of automotive interiors.The development of nonwoven materials and associated...Investments in eco-friendly,recyclable material solutions and innovation in bio-based nonwovens are increasingly shaping the next generation of automotive interiors.The development of nonwoven materials and associated technologies is likely to lead to even wider adoption in the automotive industry,driven by rising global vehicle production,particularly in the growing electric vehicle(EV)segment,and an intensified focus on sustainable solutions.展开更多
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNF) is a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.It achieves green ammonia production by utilizing solar energy for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.While nanoscale p...Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNF) is a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.It achieves green ammonia production by utilizing solar energy for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.While nanoscale photocatalysts offer enhanced performance due to their high surface area and abundant active sites,their small size makes them difficult to recover and prone to agglomeration.These bottlenecks severely limit industrial application.A promising solution is to immobilize the catalysts onto support surfaces.This paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in the design of immobilized photocatalysts for ammonia synthesis.It begins by outlining the key benefits of immobilization strategies,particularly in improving catalyst stability,recyclability,and overall photocatalytic performance.The working mechanisms and features of various immobilization techniques are then categorized and explained,covering physical adsorption/deposition,chemical bonding,in situ growth,and hybrid physico-chemical methods.Supported materials and common substrate types are also summarized.Furthermore,the widely used configurations of photoreactors suitable for immobilized systems are introduced.Finally,the review identifies current research limitations and challenges,and offers perspectives on future developments in the field of immobilized photocatalysis.展开更多
Concrete lining slabs of long-distance water conveyance projects in northern China are susceptible to freeze-thaw erosion,which places higher requirements on the performance of repair materials for eroded areas,such a...Concrete lining slabs of long-distance water conveyance projects in northern China are susceptible to freeze-thaw erosion,which places higher requirements on the performance of repair materials for eroded areas,such as frost resistance,adhesion,coating penetration depth,water absorption ratio,and durability.Performance tests were conducted on existing repair materials,and the results showed that:XYPEX exhibits better performance compared to other materials;the high-performance ultra-nano silane impregnant has outstanding performance;and the composite coating demonstrates excellent comprehensive performance.The composite material modified with nano-SiO_(2) has further improved strength and durability.展开更多
Capacitor-related energy storage devices with high power density,excellent cycle stability,wide operating temperature range,and environmental friendliness have enjoyed great popularity.However,the relatively poor ener...Capacitor-related energy storage devices with high power density,excellent cycle stability,wide operating temperature range,and environmental friendliness have enjoyed great popularity.However,the relatively poor energy density hinders their practical large-scale application.Electrospun carbon-based materials are ideal candidates owing to their large specific surface area(SSA),affluent porosity,high conductivity,good flexibility,and stable chemical properties.Therefore,this review provides the research progress of electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors in recent years.First,the electrospinning technology is briefly introduced,and then the research progress of various electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors is reviewed.Finally,the problems faced by electrospinning technology and developing electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors are summarized and prospected.It is expected to provide some ideas for developing new high-performance electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors.展开更多
Laser micro-nano processing technologies have been developed to address challenges that are otherwise difficult to solve in industrial applications and diverse scientific fields.These technologies offer designable pat...Laser micro-nano processing technologies have been developed to address challenges that are otherwise difficult to solve in industrial applications and diverse scientific fields.These technologies offer designable patterning,arraying capabilities,three-dimensional(3D)processing,and high precision.Recent advancements in laser technologies have demonstrated their effectiveness as powerful tools for micro-nano processing of optoelectronic materials.By utilizing various laser techniques—such as laser-induced polymerization,laser ablation,laser-induced transfer,laser-directed assembly,and laser-assisted crystallization—broad applications in image sensors,displays,solar cells,lasers,anti-counterfeiting,and information encryption have been enabled.This review comprehensively summarizes recent progress in the laser micro-nano processing of optoelectronic materials,including the technologies used for preparation,patterning,arraying,and modification.These laser fabrication methods uniquely provide capabilities such as annealing,phase transitions,and ion exchange in optoelectronic materials.We also discuss the perspectives and challenges for future developments,including the advantages,disadvantages,and potential applications of different laser micro-nano processing technologies.With the rapid advancements in laser micro-nanofabrication,we foresee significant growth in advanced,high-performance optoelectronic applications.This review aims to provide researchers with insights into the current state and future prospects of laser-based micro-nano processing,encouraging further exploration and innovation in this promising field.展开更多
Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integ...Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integrated sensing,response,and adaptive mechanisms.A comprehensive overview of intelligent refractory materials was provided,focusing on their classification,preparation techniques,and industrial applications.Firstly,the categories and design principles of intelligent refractory materials are introduced,including self-healing,self-regulating,and self-diagnosing types,which enhance durability and performance under extreme conditions.Subsequently,advanced preparation technologies are discussed,such as 3D printing for complex geometries,nanocomposite engineering for improved mechanical and thermal properties,gradient design for optimized thermal stress resistance and information technology including machine learning,health monitoring,digital twin.Finally,the industrial applications of these materials are highlighted,particularly in steel metallurgy,building materials industry,and energy.It aims to bridge the gap between research advancements and practical implementation,offering insights into future trends in intelligent refractory material development.展开更多
With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable...With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.展开更多
To improve the performance of low-carbon magnesia carbon refractories,specimens were prepared using fused magnesia with particle sizes of 3-1,≤1,and≤0.074 mm,flake graphite with a particle size of≤0.15 mm as the ma...To improve the performance of low-carbon magnesia carbon refractories,specimens were prepared using fused magnesia with particle sizes of 3-1,≤1,and≤0.074 mm,flake graphite with a particle size of≤0.15 mm as the main raw materials,phenolic resin as the binder,and adding alumina micropowder with mass percentages of 1%,3%,5%,7%,and 9%,respectively.The obtained green specimens were then cured at 200℃for 24 h and heat-treated at 950℃or 1550℃for 3 h.The effects of the alumina micropowder addition on the properties(including the apparent porosity,bulk density,cold compressive strength,cold modulus of rupture,hot modulus of rupture,and thermal shock resistance)as well as on the phase composition and microstructure of the low-carbon magnesia carbon specimens were investigated.The results show that the physical properties of the specimens are improved as the alumina micropowder addition increases,mainly due to the in-situ reaction between magnesia and alumina to form spinel,which enhances the bonding of the matrix and thus strengthens the overall bonding of the specimens.After the heat treatment at 1550℃,the bulk density,cold compressive strength,and cold modulus of rupture of the specimens first increase and then decrease with the increase of the alumina micropowder addition,reaching the optimal values when the addition is 7%.Both the linear change rate and volume change rate of the specimens increase with the increasing alumina micropowder addition.展开更多
To solve the problem of abnormal abrasion of Cu-Based Friction Materials(CBFMs),Bionic Non-Smooth Surface(BNS)on friction surface of CBFMs was constructed based on bionic principles,and the optimal bionic prototype wa...To solve the problem of abnormal abrasion of Cu-Based Friction Materials(CBFMs),Bionic Non-Smooth Surface(BNS)on friction surface of CBFMs was constructed based on bionic principles,and the optimal bionic prototype was selected by Finite Element Method(FEM).In addition,the bionic parameters were optimized by Response Surface Method(RSM).Samples holding BNS were prepared by Laser Processing,tribological properties were tested by a Friction and Wear Tester and worn surface morphology was characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).The results showed that BNS on friction surface could regulate the stress distribution and alleviate the peak stress.Among all samples,the coupled texture of pit-hexagonal got the minimum peak stress.During braking,bionic texture could also collect wear debris or change the motion forms from sliding to rotation,which can reduce abnormal abrasion.The wear rate was reduced by 19.31%.The results in this paper can provide a new idea for enhancing the tribological properties of CBFMs,and can also lay the foundation for further research of bionic tribology.展开更多
Though the formation of polysulfide is desirable,as it contributes to the capacity build-up,it must not leak into the electrolyte.The loss of polysulfide causes capacity fade,a change in the local chemistry of the ele...Though the formation of polysulfide is desirable,as it contributes to the capacity build-up,it must not leak into the electrolyte.The loss of polysulfide causes capacity fade,a change in the local chemistry of the electrolyte,and anode poisoning.Constant efforts are in progress to find suitable polysulfide-absorbing materials;however,the magical polysulfide absorber is yet to be discovered or developed.Experimental methods alone often fall short in accelerating the investigations may be due to the complex Nature of the testing.This review focuses on the importance of computational methods,particularly density functional theory(DFT),in screening suitable polysulfide absorbers.It highlights the critical role of anchoring materials in improving Na-S battery performance,including pristine and doped graphene,metal–organic frameworks,carbon Nanofibers,vanadium disulfide,MXenes,and metal sulfides.By examining adsorption energies,charge transfer mechanisms,and catalytic properties,this review provides insights into the design of advanced materials that can effectively immobilize polysulfides and enhance battery stability.The review aims to guide future research efforts toward the development of high-performance RT Na-S batteries through a comprehensive understanding of the polysulfide-absorbing materials.展开更多
Photocatalysis—a green and energy-efficient technology for environmental remediation and energy conversion—has recently demonstrated broad application potential in intelligent building materials.This review systemat...Photocatalysis—a green and energy-efficient technology for environmental remediation and energy conversion—has recently demonstrated broad application potential in intelligent building materials.This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in incorporating photocatalytic materials into building applications,focusing on two main scenarios:pavement and wall surfaces.In pavement systems,photocatalytic materials are primarily employed to degrade pollutants such as NO_(x)and volatile organic compounds,thereby actively reducing emissions.In wall applications,the emphasis is on imparting intelligent maintenance functions,including self-cleaning,antibacterial activity,and air purification.We provide a comprehensive analysis of the performance of various photocatalytic materials,their incorporation methods,and their effects on mechanical properties and environmental durability.Building on this analysis,we propose design principles for photocatalytic building materials that balance catalytic efficiency with cost,enhance mechanical stability,and preserve the intrinsic functions of building components.Finally,we outline future research directions,emphasizing the significant potential of photocatalytic building materials in advancing green construction and sustainable development.展开更多
Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement ...Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted extensive attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their high performance enabled by their multi-component,tunable structural characteristics and excellent stability...High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted extensive attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their high performance enabled by their multi-component,tunable structural characteristics and excellent stability.HEMs are usually composed of five or more metal elements,and have core advantages such as high configurational entropy,lattice distortion and multi-element synergistic effect,which provide new possibilities for composition regulation and performance optimization of catalysts.Especially at the nanoscale,HEMs show a larger specific surface area,abundant active sites and higher catalytic reaction efficiency,further expanding their application potential in electrochemical reactions.This paper systematically reviews the classification,structure construction and regulation strategies of HEMs,and focuses on their research progress in critical electrocatalytic reactions including water splitting(HER,OER),hydrogen oxidation(HOR),oxygen reduction(ORR),carbon dioxide reduction(CO_(2)RR),nitrate reduction(NO_(3)-RR)and electrooxidation of organics(EOO).In addition,the preparation methods of HEMs,the structure-performance relationship and the entropy regulation mechanism in the catalytic process are analyzed.Finally,this paper proposes the key challenges currently faced by HEMs in electrocatalytic applications and looks forward to their future development direction,providing a theoretical basis and design ideas for building a new generation of efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts.展开更多
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515010228)CATARC Automotive Inspection Center Excellent Engineer Program(2023B0909050007).
文摘To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:61773330.
文摘Audio-visual speech recognition(AVSR),which integrates audio and visual modalities to improve recognition performance and robustness in noisy or adverse acoustic conditions,has attracted significant research interest.However,Conformer-based architectures remain computational expensive due to the quadratic increase in the spatial and temporal complexity of their softmax-based attention mechanisms with sequence length.In addition,Conformerbased architectures may not provide sufficient flexibility for modeling local dependencies at different granularities.To mitigate these limitations,this study introduces a novel AVSR framework based on a ReLU-based Sparse and Grouped Conformer(RSG-Conformer)architecture.Specifically,we propose a Global-enhanced Sparse Attention(GSA)module incorporating an efficient context restoration block to recover lost contextual cues.Concurrently,a Grouped-scale Convolution(GSC)module replaces the standard Conformer convolution module,providing adaptive local modeling across varying temporal resolutions.Furthermore,we integrate a Refined Intermediate Contextual CTC(RIC-CTC)supervision strategy.This approach applies progressively increasing loss weights combined with convolution-based context aggregation,thereby further relaxing the constraint of conditional independence inherent in standard CTC frameworks.Evaluations on the LRS2 and LRS3 benchmark validate the efficacy of our approach,with word error rates(WERs)reduced to 1.8%and 1.5%,respectively.These results further demonstrate and validate its state-of-the-art performance in AVSR tasks.
文摘Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use of graphene-based materials in fields like electronics,energy,and composites has resulted in standards for their nomenclature,the measurement of key characteristics,and their specification,etc.Among these,standards for measuring the key characteristics are crucial.The critical parameters are the number of layers,the type and concentration of defects and functional groups,elemental composition,sheet resistance,and carrier mobility.Standards for characterizing these have been analyzed by the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee in ISO/TC229 and the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee in IEC/TC113.These give details of applicable or preferred samples,the fundamental principles of the techniques,specific precautions,and points for attention in the relevant standards.The pivotal role of the ISO/TC229 and IEC/TC113 standards is considered and challenges and future trends are outlined.
文摘In response to the global energy crisis and environmental challenges,photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production has emerged as a sustainable alternative toward clean energy conversion.Among diverse photocatalysts investigated,TiO_(2)-based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties,such as high chemical stability,strong redox capacity and tunable electronic structures,along with high cost-effectiveness.Extensive research on TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts proves their enormous potential in the field of H2 production.This timely and critical review explores the recent advances in TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts,discussing their distinctive advantages and synthesis methods in photocatalytic H2 production.Modification strategies,such as elemental doping(e.g.,precious metals,non-precious metals and non-metals),morphology engineering and composite formation,are summarised to improve photocatalytic efficiency.Advanced in/ex situ characterization techniques employed to probe photocatalytic mechanisms are also highlighted.Finally,major challenges,such as limited visible-light activity and charge recombination,are outlined,with perspectives on emerging TiO_(2)-based nanomaterials and design strategies to overcome current bottlenecks.And the research focus in the future is prospected,such as atomic interface engineering,machine learning auxiliary material design and large-scale preparation technology.This work aims to provide insights into the rational design of TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts for next-generation H2 production systems.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2025YFE0109700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52106150)。
文摘CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52305388,BE0200030)Shanghai Pujiang Program(22PJ1407600)+1 种基金SJTU Explore X programShanghai Jiao Tong University Initiative Scientific Research Program(WH220402021)。
文摘Moisture electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a sustainable and versatile energy-harvesting technology capable of converting ubiquitous environmental moisture into electrical energy,which holds great promise for renewable energy and constructing self-powered electronics.In this review,we begin by outlining the fundamental mechanisms—ion diffusion,electric double layer formation,and streaming potential—that govern charge transport for MEG in moist environments.A comprehensive survey of material innovations follows,highlighting breakthroughs in carbon-based materials,conductive polymers,hydrogels,and bio-inspired systems that enhance MEG performance,scalability,and biocompatibility.We then explore a range of device architectures,from planar and layered systems to flexible,miniaturized,and textile-integrated designs,engineered for both energy conversion and sensor integration.Key challenges are analyzed,along with strategies for overcoming them.We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on future directions,including hybrid energy systems,AI-assisted material design,and real-world deployment.This review presents a timely and comprehensive overview of MEG technologies and their trajectory toward practical and sustainable energy solutions.
文摘The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite molecular sieves,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and can be produced in many different forms.Using their different possible construction units,ordered structures for specific applications can be produced,giving them broad prospects in fields such as gas storage.This review analyzes the different types of COFs that have been synthesized and their different methods of CO_(2) capture.It then discusses different ways to increase CO_(2) adsorption by changing the internal structure of COFs and modifying their surfaces.The limitations of COF-derived carbon materials in CO_(2) capture are reviewed and,finally,the key role of machine learning and computational simulation in improving CO_(2) adsorption is mentioned,and the current status and future possible uses of COFs are summarized.
文摘Investments in eco-friendly,recyclable material solutions and innovation in bio-based nonwovens are increasingly shaping the next generation of automotive interiors.The development of nonwoven materials and associated technologies is likely to lead to even wider adoption in the automotive industry,driven by rising global vehicle production,particularly in the growing electric vehicle(EV)segment,and an intensified focus on sustainable solutions.
基金support for carrying out this work was provided by the Doctoral Research Foundation of Weifang University(2024BS20)Science and Technology Development Plan Foundation of Weifang(2024GX017).
文摘Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNF) is a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.It achieves green ammonia production by utilizing solar energy for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.While nanoscale photocatalysts offer enhanced performance due to their high surface area and abundant active sites,their small size makes them difficult to recover and prone to agglomeration.These bottlenecks severely limit industrial application.A promising solution is to immobilize the catalysts onto support surfaces.This paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in the design of immobilized photocatalysts for ammonia synthesis.It begins by outlining the key benefits of immobilization strategies,particularly in improving catalyst stability,recyclability,and overall photocatalytic performance.The working mechanisms and features of various immobilization techniques are then categorized and explained,covering physical adsorption/deposition,chemical bonding,in situ growth,and hybrid physico-chemical methods.Supported materials and common substrate types are also summarized.Furthermore,the widely used configurations of photoreactors suitable for immobilized systems are introduced.Finally,the review identifies current research limitations and challenges,and offers perspectives on future developments in the field of immobilized photocatalysis.
文摘Concrete lining slabs of long-distance water conveyance projects in northern China are susceptible to freeze-thaw erosion,which places higher requirements on the performance of repair materials for eroded areas,such as frost resistance,adhesion,coating penetration depth,water absorption ratio,and durability.Performance tests were conducted on existing repair materials,and the results showed that:XYPEX exhibits better performance compared to other materials;the high-performance ultra-nano silane impregnant has outstanding performance;and the composite coating demonstrates excellent comprehensive performance.The composite material modified with nano-SiO_(2) has further improved strength and durability.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2022ME181)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51702123)funding from University of Jinan
文摘Capacitor-related energy storage devices with high power density,excellent cycle stability,wide operating temperature range,and environmental friendliness have enjoyed great popularity.However,the relatively poor energy density hinders their practical large-scale application.Electrospun carbon-based materials are ideal candidates owing to their large specific surface area(SSA),affluent porosity,high conductivity,good flexibility,and stable chemical properties.Therefore,this review provides the research progress of electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors in recent years.First,the electrospinning technology is briefly introduced,and then the research progress of various electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors is reviewed.Finally,the problems faced by electrospinning technology and developing electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors are summarized and prospected.It is expected to provide some ideas for developing new high-performance electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project under Grants 2020YFA0715000,62075081,and 20220402011GH。
文摘Laser micro-nano processing technologies have been developed to address challenges that are otherwise difficult to solve in industrial applications and diverse scientific fields.These technologies offer designable patterning,arraying capabilities,three-dimensional(3D)processing,and high precision.Recent advancements in laser technologies have demonstrated their effectiveness as powerful tools for micro-nano processing of optoelectronic materials.By utilizing various laser techniques—such as laser-induced polymerization,laser ablation,laser-induced transfer,laser-directed assembly,and laser-assisted crystallization—broad applications in image sensors,displays,solar cells,lasers,anti-counterfeiting,and information encryption have been enabled.This review comprehensively summarizes recent progress in the laser micro-nano processing of optoelectronic materials,including the technologies used for preparation,patterning,arraying,and modification.These laser fabrication methods uniquely provide capabilities such as annealing,phase transitions,and ion exchange in optoelectronic materials.We also discuss the perspectives and challenges for future developments,including the advantages,disadvantages,and potential applications of different laser micro-nano processing technologies.With the rapid advancements in laser micro-nanofabrication,we foresee significant growth in advanced,high-performance optoelectronic applications.This review aims to provide researchers with insights into the current state and future prospects of laser-based micro-nano processing,encouraging further exploration and innovation in this promising field.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-QN-0615)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272027 and 52372034).
文摘Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integrated sensing,response,and adaptive mechanisms.A comprehensive overview of intelligent refractory materials was provided,focusing on their classification,preparation techniques,and industrial applications.Firstly,the categories and design principles of intelligent refractory materials are introduced,including self-healing,self-regulating,and self-diagnosing types,which enhance durability and performance under extreme conditions.Subsequently,advanced preparation technologies are discussed,such as 3D printing for complex geometries,nanocomposite engineering for improved mechanical and thermal properties,gradient design for optimized thermal stress resistance and information technology including machine learning,health monitoring,digital twin.Finally,the industrial applications of these materials are highlighted,particularly in steel metallurgy,building materials industry,and energy.It aims to bridge the gap between research advancements and practical implementation,offering insights into future trends in intelligent refractory material development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072208 and 52261160384)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number GZB20250057China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770223).
文摘With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20101)。
文摘To improve the performance of low-carbon magnesia carbon refractories,specimens were prepared using fused magnesia with particle sizes of 3-1,≤1,and≤0.074 mm,flake graphite with a particle size of≤0.15 mm as the main raw materials,phenolic resin as the binder,and adding alumina micropowder with mass percentages of 1%,3%,5%,7%,and 9%,respectively.The obtained green specimens were then cured at 200℃for 24 h and heat-treated at 950℃or 1550℃for 3 h.The effects of the alumina micropowder addition on the properties(including the apparent porosity,bulk density,cold compressive strength,cold modulus of rupture,hot modulus of rupture,and thermal shock resistance)as well as on the phase composition and microstructure of the low-carbon magnesia carbon specimens were investigated.The results show that the physical properties of the specimens are improved as the alumina micropowder addition increases,mainly due to the in-situ reaction between magnesia and alumina to form spinel,which enhances the bonding of the matrix and thus strengthens the overall bonding of the specimens.After the heat treatment at 1550℃,the bulk density,cold compressive strength,and cold modulus of rupture of the specimens first increase and then decrease with the increase of the alumina micropowder addition,reaching the optimal values when the addition is 7%.Both the linear change rate and volume change rate of the specimens increase with the increasing alumina micropowder addition.
基金Wuxi University Research Start-up Fund for Introduced Talents(Grant No:2024r031)Technology Development Contract(Contract Registration Number:2024320205000963)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275288)Ningbo Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2023Z022).
文摘To solve the problem of abnormal abrasion of Cu-Based Friction Materials(CBFMs),Bionic Non-Smooth Surface(BNS)on friction surface of CBFMs was constructed based on bionic principles,and the optimal bionic prototype was selected by Finite Element Method(FEM).In addition,the bionic parameters were optimized by Response Surface Method(RSM).Samples holding BNS were prepared by Laser Processing,tribological properties were tested by a Friction and Wear Tester and worn surface morphology was characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).The results showed that BNS on friction surface could regulate the stress distribution and alleviate the peak stress.Among all samples,the coupled texture of pit-hexagonal got the minimum peak stress.During braking,bionic texture could also collect wear debris or change the motion forms from sliding to rotation,which can reduce abnormal abrasion.The wear rate was reduced by 19.31%.The results in this paper can provide a new idea for enhancing the tribological properties of CBFMs,and can also lay the foundation for further research of bionic tribology.
基金supported by the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi)
文摘Though the formation of polysulfide is desirable,as it contributes to the capacity build-up,it must not leak into the electrolyte.The loss of polysulfide causes capacity fade,a change in the local chemistry of the electrolyte,and anode poisoning.Constant efforts are in progress to find suitable polysulfide-absorbing materials;however,the magical polysulfide absorber is yet to be discovered or developed.Experimental methods alone often fall short in accelerating the investigations may be due to the complex Nature of the testing.This review focuses on the importance of computational methods,particularly density functional theory(DFT),in screening suitable polysulfide absorbers.It highlights the critical role of anchoring materials in improving Na-S battery performance,including pristine and doped graphene,metal–organic frameworks,carbon Nanofibers,vanadium disulfide,MXenes,and metal sulfides.By examining adsorption energies,charge transfer mechanisms,and catalytic properties,this review provides insights into the design of advanced materials that can effectively immobilize polysulfides and enhance battery stability.The review aims to guide future research efforts toward the development of high-performance RT Na-S batteries through a comprehensive understanding of the polysulfide-absorbing materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22408235)Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang.
文摘Photocatalysis—a green and energy-efficient technology for environmental remediation and energy conversion—has recently demonstrated broad application potential in intelligent building materials.This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in incorporating photocatalytic materials into building applications,focusing on two main scenarios:pavement and wall surfaces.In pavement systems,photocatalytic materials are primarily employed to degrade pollutants such as NO_(x)and volatile organic compounds,thereby actively reducing emissions.In wall applications,the emphasis is on imparting intelligent maintenance functions,including self-cleaning,antibacterial activity,and air purification.We provide a comprehensive analysis of the performance of various photocatalytic materials,their incorporation methods,and their effects on mechanical properties and environmental durability.Building on this analysis,we propose design principles for photocatalytic building materials that balance catalytic efficiency with cost,enhance mechanical stability,and preserve the intrinsic functions of building components.Finally,we outline future research directions,emphasizing the significant potential of photocatalytic building materials in advancing green construction and sustainable development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52242305).
文摘Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378247 and 22078187)China-CEEC University Joint Education Project(2021099)+1 种基金the International Joint Research Center for Biomass Chemistry and Materials,the Shaanxi International Science and Technology Cooperation Base(2018GHJD-19)Ning Wei and Xue Yao are grateful to Innovative Talents International Cooperative Training Project from China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202310470014 and 202310470013).
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted extensive attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their high performance enabled by their multi-component,tunable structural characteristics and excellent stability.HEMs are usually composed of five or more metal elements,and have core advantages such as high configurational entropy,lattice distortion and multi-element synergistic effect,which provide new possibilities for composition regulation and performance optimization of catalysts.Especially at the nanoscale,HEMs show a larger specific surface area,abundant active sites and higher catalytic reaction efficiency,further expanding their application potential in electrochemical reactions.This paper systematically reviews the classification,structure construction and regulation strategies of HEMs,and focuses on their research progress in critical electrocatalytic reactions including water splitting(HER,OER),hydrogen oxidation(HOR),oxygen reduction(ORR),carbon dioxide reduction(CO_(2)RR),nitrate reduction(NO_(3)-RR)and electrooxidation of organics(EOO).In addition,the preparation methods of HEMs,the structure-performance relationship and the entropy regulation mechanism in the catalytic process are analyzed.Finally,this paper proposes the key challenges currently faced by HEMs in electrocatalytic applications and looks forward to their future development direction,providing a theoretical basis and design ideas for building a new generation of efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts.
