Background The retinal image quality derived from lower-order(LOA)and higher-order aberrations(HOA)for fixed 3-mm and photopic pupil diameters,in children undergoing combined 0.01%atropine and orthokeratology(AOK)vers...Background The retinal image quality derived from lower-order(LOA)and higher-order aberrations(HOA)for fixed 3-mm and photopic pupil diameters,in children undergoing combined 0.01%atropine and orthokeratology(AOK)versus those receiving orthokeratology alone(OK)over two years was evaluated.Methods The visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function(VSOTF),derived from 2nd-to 4th-order terms(LOA and HOA combined),2nd-order terms(LOA only),and 3rd-to 4th-order terms(HOA only)for fixed 3-mm and natural photopic pupil diameters,was compared between the two treatment groups.The individual Zernike coef-ficients fora fixed 3-mm pupil ize of 2nd to 4th,orders,root mean square(RMS)of LOA(Z_(2)^(0),Z_(2)^(-2),and Z_(2)^(2) combined),HOA(3rd to 4th orders inclusive),and coma(Z_(3)^(-1) and Z_(3)^(1) combined)were also compared between the two groups.Results Right eye data of 33 AOK and 35 OK participants were analysed.Under photopic conditions,significantly lower VSOTF based on HOA only was observed in the AOK group compared with that in the OK group at all post-treatment visits(all P<0.05);however,interactions between HOA and LOA resulted in comparable overall retinal image quality(i.e.,VSOTF based on LOA and HOA combined)between the two groups at all visits(all P>0.05).For a fixed 3-mm pupil size,the VSOTF based on HOA only,LOA only,or HOA and LOA combined,were not different between the two groups(all P>0.05).AOK participants had slower axial elongation(mean±SD,0.17±0.19 mm vs.0.35±0.20 mm,P<0.001),a larger photopic pupil size(4.05±0.61 mm vs.3.43±0.41 mm,P<0.001)than OK partici-pants overtwoyears.Conclusions HOA profile related to an enlarged pupil size may provide visual signal influencing eye growth in the AOK group.展开更多
The establishment of the National Key Ecological Function Areas(NKEFAs)is an important measure for national ecological security,but the current ecological and environmental evaluation of NKEFAs lacks research on the a...The establishment of the National Key Ecological Function Areas(NKEFAs)is an important measure for national ecological security,but the current ecological and environmental evaluation of NKEFAs lacks research on the air quality in the NKEFAs.This study presented the current status of the air quality in the NKEFAs and its driving factors using the geographic detector q-statistic method.The air quality in the NKEFAs was overall better than individual cities and urban agglomeration in eastern coast provinces of China,accounting for 9.21%of the days with air quality at Level III or above.The primary air pollutant was PM_(10),followed by PM_(2.5),with lower concentrations of the remaining pollutants.Pollution was more severe in the sand fixation areas,where air pollution was worst in spring and best in autumn,contrasting with other NKEFAs and individual cities and urban agglomerations.The main influencing factors of air quality index(AQI)in the NKEFAs were land use type,wind speed,and relative humidity also weighted more heavily than factors such as industrial pollution and anthropogenic emissions,and most of these influence factors have two types of interactive effects:binary and nonlinear enhancements.These results indicated that air pollution in the NKEFAs was not related with the emission by intensive economic development.Thus,the policies taking the NKEFAs as restricted development zones were effective,but the air pollution caused by PM_(10) also showed the ecological status in the NKEFAs,especially at sand fixation areas was not quite optimistic,and more strict environmental protection measures should be taken to improve the ecological status in these NKEFAs.展开更多
基金supported by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Teaching Postgraduate Studentship(TPS)Scheme to QiTansupported by a private donation to the School of Optometry,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
文摘Background The retinal image quality derived from lower-order(LOA)and higher-order aberrations(HOA)for fixed 3-mm and photopic pupil diameters,in children undergoing combined 0.01%atropine and orthokeratology(AOK)versus those receiving orthokeratology alone(OK)over two years was evaluated.Methods The visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function(VSOTF),derived from 2nd-to 4th-order terms(LOA and HOA combined),2nd-order terms(LOA only),and 3rd-to 4th-order terms(HOA only)for fixed 3-mm and natural photopic pupil diameters,was compared between the two treatment groups.The individual Zernike coef-ficients fora fixed 3-mm pupil ize of 2nd to 4th,orders,root mean square(RMS)of LOA(Z_(2)^(0),Z_(2)^(-2),and Z_(2)^(2) combined),HOA(3rd to 4th orders inclusive),and coma(Z_(3)^(-1) and Z_(3)^(1) combined)were also compared between the two groups.Results Right eye data of 33 AOK and 35 OK participants were analysed.Under photopic conditions,significantly lower VSOTF based on HOA only was observed in the AOK group compared with that in the OK group at all post-treatment visits(all P<0.05);however,interactions between HOA and LOA resulted in comparable overall retinal image quality(i.e.,VSOTF based on LOA and HOA combined)between the two groups at all visits(all P>0.05).For a fixed 3-mm pupil size,the VSOTF based on HOA only,LOA only,or HOA and LOA combined,were not different between the two groups(all P>0.05).AOK participants had slower axial elongation(mean±SD,0.17±0.19 mm vs.0.35±0.20 mm,P<0.001),a larger photopic pupil size(4.05±0.61 mm vs.3.43±0.41 mm,P<0.001)than OK partici-pants overtwoyears.Conclusions HOA profile related to an enlarged pupil size may provide visual signal influencing eye growth in the AOK group.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Grant No.2016YFC0500205)the Research on Multi_Level Complex Spatial Data Model and the Consistency(No.41571391).
文摘The establishment of the National Key Ecological Function Areas(NKEFAs)is an important measure for national ecological security,but the current ecological and environmental evaluation of NKEFAs lacks research on the air quality in the NKEFAs.This study presented the current status of the air quality in the NKEFAs and its driving factors using the geographic detector q-statistic method.The air quality in the NKEFAs was overall better than individual cities and urban agglomeration in eastern coast provinces of China,accounting for 9.21%of the days with air quality at Level III or above.The primary air pollutant was PM_(10),followed by PM_(2.5),with lower concentrations of the remaining pollutants.Pollution was more severe in the sand fixation areas,where air pollution was worst in spring and best in autumn,contrasting with other NKEFAs and individual cities and urban agglomerations.The main influencing factors of air quality index(AQI)in the NKEFAs were land use type,wind speed,and relative humidity also weighted more heavily than factors such as industrial pollution and anthropogenic emissions,and most of these influence factors have two types of interactive effects:binary and nonlinear enhancements.These results indicated that air pollution in the NKEFAs was not related with the emission by intensive economic development.Thus,the policies taking the NKEFAs as restricted development zones were effective,but the air pollution caused by PM_(10) also showed the ecological status in the NKEFAs,especially at sand fixation areas was not quite optimistic,and more strict environmental protection measures should be taken to improve the ecological status in these NKEFAs.
