Extreme ozone pollution events(EOPEs)are associated with synoptic weather patterns(SWPs)and pose severe health and ecological risks.However,a systematic investigation of themeteorological causes,transport pathways,and...Extreme ozone pollution events(EOPEs)are associated with synoptic weather patterns(SWPs)and pose severe health and ecological risks.However,a systematic investigation of themeteorological causes,transport pathways,and source contributions to historical EOPEs is still lacking.In this paper,the K-means clustering method is applied to identify six dominant SWPs during the warm season in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 2016 to 2022.It provides an integrated analysis of the meteorological factors affecting ozone pollution in Hefei under different SWPs.Using the WRF-FLEXPART model,the transport pathways(TPPs)and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses in Hefei during EOPEs are investigated.The results reveal that Hefei experienced the highest ozone concentration(134.77±42.82μg/m^(3)),exceedance frequency(46 days(23.23%)),and proportion of EOPEs(21 instances,47.7%)under the control of peripheral subsidence of typhoon(Type 5).Regional southeast winds correlated with the ozone pollution in Hefei.During EOPEs,a high boundary layer height,solar radiation,and temperature;lowhumidity and cloud cover;and pronounced subsidence airflow occurred over Hefei and the broader YRD region.The East-South(E_S)patterns exhibited the highest frequency(28 instances,65.11%).Regarding the TPPs and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses during historical EOPEs.The YRD was the main source for land-originating air masses under E_S patterns(50.28%),with Hefei,southern Anhui,southern Jiangsu,and northern Zhejiang being key contributors.These findings can help improve ozone pollution early warning and control mechanisms at urban and regional scales.展开更多
Nowadays,a large number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties have been determined in soil.Environmental behaviors and source identification of pollutants in soil are the foundation of soil poll...Nowadays,a large number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties have been determined in soil.Environmental behaviors and source identification of pollutants in soil are the foundation of soil pollution control.Identification and quantitative analysis of potential pollution sources are the prerequisites for its prevention and control.Many efforts have made to develop methods for identifying the sources of soil pollutants.These efforts have involved the measurement of source and receptor parameters and the analysis of their relationships via numerical statistics methods.We have comprehensively reviewed the progress made in the development of source apportionment methodologies to date and present our synthesis.The numerical methods,such as spatial geostatistics analysis,receptor models,and machine learning methods are addressed in depth.In most cases,however,the effectiveness of any single approach for source apportionment remains limited.Combining multiple methods to address soil quality problems can reduce uncertainty about the sources of soil pollution.This review also constructively highlights the key strategies of combining mathematical models with the assessment of chemical profiles to provide more accurate source attribution.This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of source apportionment methodologies to help promote further development.展开更多
Nutrient pollution of air and water is a persistent problem in Europe.However,the pollution sources are often analyzed separately,preventingthe formulation of integrative solutions.This study aimed to quantify the con...Nutrient pollution of air and water is a persistent problem in Europe.However,the pollution sources are often analyzed separately,preventingthe formulation of integrative solutions.This study aimed to quantify the contribution of agriculture to air,river and coastal water pollution by nutrients.A new MARINA-Nutrients model was developed for Europe to calculate inputs of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to land and rivers,N emissions to air,and nutrient export to seas by river basins.Under current practice,inputs of N and P to land were 34.4 and 1.8 Tg.yr^(-1),respectively.However,only 12%of N and 3%of P reached the rivers.Agriculture was responsible for 55%of N and sewage for 67%of P in rivers.Reactive N emissions to air from agriculture were calculated at 4.0 Tg.yr^(-1).Almost twofifths of N emissions to air were from animal housing and storage.Nearly a third of the basin area was considered as pollution hotspots and generated over half of N emissions to air and nutrient pollution in rivers.Over 25%of river export of N ended up in the Atlantic Ocean and of P in the Mediterranean Sea.These results could support environmental policies to reduce both air and water pollution simultaneously,and avoid pollution swapping.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U19A2044,42105132,42030609,and 41975037)the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2022YFC3700303).
文摘Extreme ozone pollution events(EOPEs)are associated with synoptic weather patterns(SWPs)and pose severe health and ecological risks.However,a systematic investigation of themeteorological causes,transport pathways,and source contributions to historical EOPEs is still lacking.In this paper,the K-means clustering method is applied to identify six dominant SWPs during the warm season in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 2016 to 2022.It provides an integrated analysis of the meteorological factors affecting ozone pollution in Hefei under different SWPs.Using the WRF-FLEXPART model,the transport pathways(TPPs)and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses in Hefei during EOPEs are investigated.The results reveal that Hefei experienced the highest ozone concentration(134.77±42.82μg/m^(3)),exceedance frequency(46 days(23.23%)),and proportion of EOPEs(21 instances,47.7%)under the control of peripheral subsidence of typhoon(Type 5).Regional southeast winds correlated with the ozone pollution in Hefei.During EOPEs,a high boundary layer height,solar radiation,and temperature;lowhumidity and cloud cover;and pronounced subsidence airflow occurred over Hefei and the broader YRD region.The East-South(E_S)patterns exhibited the highest frequency(28 instances,65.11%).Regarding the TPPs and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses during historical EOPEs.The YRD was the main source for land-originating air masses under E_S patterns(50.28%),with Hefei,southern Anhui,southern Jiangsu,and northern Zhejiang being key contributors.These findings can help improve ozone pollution early warning and control mechanisms at urban and regional scales.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2018YFC1800300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41877509 and 41807493)。
文摘Nowadays,a large number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties have been determined in soil.Environmental behaviors and source identification of pollutants in soil are the foundation of soil pollution control.Identification and quantitative analysis of potential pollution sources are the prerequisites for its prevention and control.Many efforts have made to develop methods for identifying the sources of soil pollutants.These efforts have involved the measurement of source and receptor parameters and the analysis of their relationships via numerical statistics methods.We have comprehensively reviewed the progress made in the development of source apportionment methodologies to date and present our synthesis.The numerical methods,such as spatial geostatistics analysis,receptor models,and machine learning methods are addressed in depth.In most cases,however,the effectiveness of any single approach for source apportionment remains limited.Combining multiple methods to address soil quality problems can reduce uncertainty about the sources of soil pollution.This review also constructively highlights the key strategies of combining mathematical models with the assessment of chemical profiles to provide more accurate source attribution.This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of source apportionment methodologies to help promote further development.
基金the framework of the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 860127 (FertiCycle project)funding from the Nutri2Cycle project from the European Union Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under Grant Agreement No. 773682
文摘Nutrient pollution of air and water is a persistent problem in Europe.However,the pollution sources are often analyzed separately,preventingthe formulation of integrative solutions.This study aimed to quantify the contribution of agriculture to air,river and coastal water pollution by nutrients.A new MARINA-Nutrients model was developed for Europe to calculate inputs of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to land and rivers,N emissions to air,and nutrient export to seas by river basins.Under current practice,inputs of N and P to land were 34.4 and 1.8 Tg.yr^(-1),respectively.However,only 12%of N and 3%of P reached the rivers.Agriculture was responsible for 55%of N and sewage for 67%of P in rivers.Reactive N emissions to air from agriculture were calculated at 4.0 Tg.yr^(-1).Almost twofifths of N emissions to air were from animal housing and storage.Nearly a third of the basin area was considered as pollution hotspots and generated over half of N emissions to air and nutrient pollution in rivers.Over 25%of river export of N ended up in the Atlantic Ocean and of P in the Mediterranean Sea.These results could support environmental policies to reduce both air and water pollution simultaneously,and avoid pollution swapping.
