Background The association between substance use including marijuana use and attempted suicide has been well documented.However,little is known about marijuana use and its association with attempted suicide repetition...Background The association between substance use including marijuana use and attempted suicide has been well documented.However,little is known about marijuana use and its association with attempted suicide repetition among young people in low-income and middle-income contexts.Aims This analysis was conducted to assess the factors associated with marijuana use and ascertain marijuana use as a determinant of repeated attempted suicide among senior high school(SHS)students in Ghana.Methods Data from the 2012 Global School-Based Student Health Survey in Ghana was used for this study.Modified Poisson,Logistic and Probit models weighted with Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity calliper were employed separately to determine the hypothetical association between marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide.All analysis was performed using Stata 16 and p<0.05 was deemed statistically significant.Results The prevalence estimates of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in Ghana were 3.4%(95%Cl:2.3 to 5.1)and 11.5%(95%Cl:9.1 to 14.4),respectively.The prevalence of marijuana use was significantly associated with school grade,smoking exposure,parent smoker,alcohol intake and truancy.Marijuana use was positively associated with repeated attempted suicide among SHS in Ghana correlation=0.23,p<0.001.Repeated attempted suicide among students who use marijuana was approximately threefold and fivefold significant compared with nonmarijuana use students,based on the Poisson(adjusted prevalence ratio:3.02;95%Cl:1.67 to 5.43,p<0.001)and Logistic(adjusted OR:5.06;95%Cl:3.19 to 11.64,p<0.001)estimates respectively.Also,the Probit model showed that marijuana use significantly increased the log count of repeated attempted suicide by 95%(ap:0.95;95%CI:0.49 to 1.41,p<0.001).Conclusion Marijuana use does not only influence the onset of suicidal attempts but also repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in Ghana.Special attention is required for suicide attempters with a history of repeated attempts and current marijuana use among SHS students in Ghana.Early identification of the potential risk and protective factors is recommended to inform school-based interventions.National level structured school-based substance abuse interventions and health promotion programmes would be useful.展开更多
Genital self-mutilation is an uncommon event that is commonly associated with psychotic disorders. Such injuries have also been reported secondary to complex religious beliefs and delusions regarding sexual guilt. Eve...Genital self-mutilation is an uncommon event that is commonly associated with psychotic disorders. Such injuries have also been reported secondary to complex religious beliefs and delusions regarding sexual guilt. Even though few case reports of male genital self-mutilation are available in literature, it is?rareto have a combined self-genital mutilation and attempted suicide by cut throat occurring in the same patient at presentation. We presented the case of a 38-yr-old male who presented to the accident and emergency centre of a tertiary hospital in Accra, Ghana.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have the potential to restore communication for people who have lost the ability to speak owing to a neurological disease or injury.BCIs have been used to translate the neural correlates...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have the potential to restore communication for people who have lost the ability to speak owing to a neurological disease or injury.BCIs have been used to translate the neural correlates of attempted speech into text1-3.However,text communication fails to capture the nuances of human speech,such as prosody and immediately hearing one's own voice.展开更多
Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,l...Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,limited data exist on lemborexant overdose,prompting this case report to elucidate its clinical course.Patient’s Concern:A 91-year-old Japanese woman with multiple comorbidities,including insomnia and chronic kidney disease,was admitted after ingesting 315 mg of lemborexant in a suicide attempt.Diagnosis:Lemborexant overdose.Interventions:Supportive care with 500 mL of Ringer’s acetate solution at the emergency room.Outcomes:She gradually regained full consciousness with no residual deficits.Due to persistent suicidal ideation,she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital after seven days of supportive care.Lessons:A review of four lemborexant overdose cases managed at our hospital revealed that overdoses primarily induce altered consciousness and are unlikely to cause organ dysfunction.Supportive care is generally sufficient for management.However,given the limited data,further case accumulation is needed to enhance clinical understanding.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression,non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI),and suicide attempts(SA)often co-occur during adolescence and are associated with long-term adverse health outcomes.Unfortunately,neural mechanisms underlying self-...BACKGROUND Depression,non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI),and suicide attempts(SA)often co-occur during adolescence and are associated with long-term adverse health outcomes.Unfortunately,neural mechanisms underlying self-injury and SA are poorly understood in depressed adolescents but likely relate to the structural abnormalities in brain regions.AIM To investigate structural network communication within large-scale brain networks in adolescents with depression.METHODS We constructed five distinct network communication models to evaluate structural network efficiency at the whole-brain level in adolescents with depression.Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 healthy controls and 85 depressed adolescents,including 17 depressed adolescents without SA or NSSI(major depressive disorder group),27 depressed adolescents with NSSI but no SA(NSSI group),and 41 depressed adolescents with SA and NSSI(NSSI+SA group).RESULTS Significant differences in structural network communication were observed across the four groups,involving spatially widespread brain regions,particularly encompassing cortico-cortical connections(e.g.,dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus and the right ventral posterior cingulate gyrus;connections based on precentral gyrus)and cortico-subcortical circuits(e.g.,the nucleus accumbens-frontal circuit).In addition,we examined whether compromised communication efficiency was linked to clinical symptoms in the depressed adolescents.We observed significant correlations between network communication efficiencies and clinical scale scores derived from depressed adolescents with NSSI and SA.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of structural network communication differences in depressed adolescents with NSSI and SA,highlighting impaired neuroanatomical communication efficiency as a potential contributor to their symptoms.These findings offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of NSSI and SA in adolescent depression.展开更多
Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly ...Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.展开更多
Dear Editor,Major depressive disorder(MDD)is associated with a high rate of suicide attempts(SA).Previous reports have identified risk factors for SA in MDD patients,including sex and metabolic disorders[1].However,to...Dear Editor,Major depressive disorder(MDD)is associated with a high rate of suicide attempts(SA).Previous reports have identified risk factors for SA in MDD patients,including sex and metabolic disorders[1].However,to our knowledge,the impact of sex differences on the association between body mass index(BMI)status and SA in patients with MDD has not been investigated.Th is study aimed to investigate:1)the sex diff erence in the prevalence of recent SA in Chinese drug-naïve fi rst-episode(DNFE)MDD patients,and 2)the eff ect of sex diff erence on the relationship between higher BMI(overweight or obese)and recent SA.Patients were recruited from the First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017.All patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria described in previous studies[2].展开更多
Émile Durkheim’s Le Suicide(1897/2005)paved the way for the development of the sociology of suicide.However,Durkheim’s positivistic approach in studying suicide was trenchantly challenged by,amongst others,Jack...Émile Durkheim’s Le Suicide(1897/2005)paved the way for the development of the sociology of suicide.However,Durkheim’s positivistic approach in studying suicide was trenchantly challenged by,amongst others,Jack Douglas,who,in Social Meanings of Suicide(1968),advocated extricating the social meanings of suicide from the interpretive tradition of social research.Drawing on Douglas’approach to the sociology of suicide,this paper reports and reflects on part of a study conducted across several rural areas of Jhenaidah,an area in Bangladesh highly affected by suicide,with 17 males who have attempted suicide.The responses of the participants were interpreted with a view to understanding the social meanings associated with their suicide attempts.Although there was a diversity of individual experiences among the participants with regard to suicide attempts,the paper synthesises these and reflects on three themes which most closely represent the commonalities of experience of the 17 men,namely:(i)inability to provide;(ii)intimate relationship stress;and(iii)loss of social status.In conclusion,the paper contributes to understanding suicide attempts by men as social meaningfully events,delineating the roles and complexities associated with constructions of masculine identities.展开更多
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) naturallyestablishes latency in neurons of the nervous systemwith the concommitant expression of the latencyassociated transcripts (LATS) and the loss in
Although bone defects can be restored spontaneously,bone reconstruction with sufficient strength and volume continues to be a challenge in clinical practices.In recent years,the use of a variety of biomaterials with b...Although bone defects can be restored spontaneously,bone reconstruction with sufficient strength and volume continues to be a challenge in clinical practices.In recent years,the use of a variety of biomaterials with bioactivity has been attempted to compensate for this limitation.Herein,we fabricated a pDNA(encoding for BMP-2)-loaded asymmetrically porous polycaprolactone(PCL)/Pluronic F127 membrane as a bioactive guided bone regeneration(GBR)membrane,using a modified immersion-precipitation method.It was observed that the GBR membrane allows continuous release of pDNA for more than20 weeks.The pDNA was sufficiently transfected into human bone marrow stem cells(h BMSCs)without significant cytotoxicity and the gene-transfected cells showed prolonged synthesis of BMP-2.From in vitro osteogenic differentiation and in vivo animal studies,the effective induction of osteogenic differentiation of h BMSCs and enhanced bone regeneration by the pDNA-loaded asymmetrically porous PCL/Pluronic F127 membrane was observed,suggesting that the pDNA-loaded membrane as a bioactive GBR membrane can be an alternative therapeutic technique for effective bone regeneration.展开更多
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth globally; however, there is uncertainty about how best to intervene. Suicide rates are typically higher in males than females, while the converse is true for suici...Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth globally; however, there is uncertainty about how best to intervene. Suicide rates are typically higher in males than females, while the converse is true for suicide attempts. We review this "gender paradox" in youth, and in particular, the age-dependency of these sex/gender differences and the developmental mechanisms that may explain them. Epidemiologic, genetic,neurodevelopmental and psychopathological research have identified suicidal behaviour risks arising from genetic vulnerabilities and sex/gender differences in early adverse environments, neurodevelopment, mental disorder and their complex interconnections. Further, evolving sex-/gender-defined social expectations and norms have been thought to influence suicide risk. In particular, how youth perceive and cope with threats and losses(including conforming to others' or one's own expectations of sex/gender identity) and adapt to pain(through substance use and helpseeking behaviours). Taken together, considering brain plasticity over the lifespan, these proposed antecedents to youth suicide highlight the importance of interventions that alter early environment(s)(e.g., childhood maltreatment) and/or one's ability to adapt to them. Further, such interventions may have more enduring protective effects, for the individual and for future generations, if implemented in youth.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Delayed presentation of carotid artery pseudoaneurysm following many years after self-inflicted penetrating injury of the neck is extremely rare. Open surgical carotid repair may involve sternotomy for pro...BACKGROUND: Delayed presentation of carotid artery pseudoaneurysm following many years after self-inflicted penetrating injury of the neck is extremely rare. Open surgical carotid repair may involve sternotomy for proximal vascular control. Endovascular treatment is evolving as a lessinvasive treatment option.METHODS: We report a 55-year-old man with a history of paranoid schizophrenia who presented with a progressively enlarging left sided neck mass many years after attempted suicide. CT scan confirmed a 6 cm pseudoaneurysm arising from the common carotid artery.RESULTS: Through an open retrograde puncture of the distal common carotid artery, the common carotid pseudoaneurysm was successfully repaired with a BARD fluency carotid stentgraft of 8 mm×80 mm(BARD, Tempe, AZ). The patient recovered well with no neurological deficits and was discharged on postoperative day 4. Dual antiplatelet agents of aspirin and clopidogrel were given for six months and then clopidogrel was administered lifelong. The neck mass decreased in size gradually and became non pulsatile upon follow-up.CONCLUSION: Endovascular stenting of giant carotid pseudoaneurysm is an acceptable less invasive treatment option for giant carotid pseudoaneurysm. Long-term follow-up and a greater number of cases are mandatory to establish the safety of this strategy.展开更多
Basing on the theory of collaterals,or JingLuo,the author further attempted to applymagneto-therapy in the treatment of ascariasis asa substitute for ascaricides to expel the parasitesby changing the living environmen...Basing on the theory of collaterals,or JingLuo,the author further attempted to applymagneto-therapy in the treatment of ascariasis asa substitute for ascaricides to expel the parasitesby changing the living environment of round-worms in the human body.Following the re-展开更多
Artificial Intelligence(AI)is intelligence demonstrated by machines:Simulating human thinking,and eventually achieving works as the proxy of human.As AI technology proceeding,scientists have attempted to summarize it ...Artificial Intelligence(AI)is intelligence demonstrated by machines:Simulating human thinking,and eventually achieving works as the proxy of human.As AI technology proceeding,scientists have attempted to summarize it from different perspectives,and the definition of AI is far from unified.But a common sense from the basic connotation can be elaborated as“intelligent machines that can perceive,think,cognize,and act like humans,and perform tasks that typically require human intelligence”.展开更多
Background Marijuana use among adolescents,including high school students,has been consistently reported to be associated with a high incidence of suicidal behaviours.Little empirical research has been conducted on th...Background Marijuana use among adolescents,including high school students,has been consistently reported to be associated with a high incidence of suicidal behaviours.Little empirical research has been conducted on the propensity impact of marijuana use on suicidal behaviours in Africa.Aims To assess factors associated with marijuana use and further quantify marijuana use as an associated factor of suicidal behaviours,including repeated attempted suicide,suicidal ideation and suicide planning,among high school students in Africa.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 32802 school-going adolescents using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from 10 African countries grouped into West Africa,North Africa,South-East Africa,South Africa and East Africa subregions.Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were the main outcome variables.We employed double selection least absolute shrinkage and selection operator poisson regression model to assess risk factors associated with marijuana use and dominance analysis to establish ranked important and common risk factors.Inverse probability weighting poisson regression adjustment was applied to assess impact.Results The prevalence of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were 3.7%(95%CI:3.1 to 4.3)and 6.6%(95%CI:5.9 to 7.4),respectively.The most important risk factor for marijuana use generally across the countries and specifically in three subregions was alcohol consumption,which constituted approximately 40%of the impact.The average treatment effect on the treated(ATT)indicated that marijuana use significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation,suicide planning and repeated attempted suicide by 12%(ATT=0.12(95%CI:0.02 to 0.22)),18%(ATT=0.18(95%CI:0.13 to 0.22))and 31%(ATT=0.31(95%CI:0.20 to 0.41)),respectively.Conclusions Marijuana use was significantly associated with suicidal behaviours(suicidal ideation,planning and repeated attempted suicide)among the students.To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.5(to strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse),school-based-based psychosocial interventions should be streamlined to adequately assess and manage marijuana use.Targeting the most dominant risk factors in this population could translate into the reduction of suicidal behaviours in countries within Africa.展开更多
Writing is one of the required abilities in learning a foreign language and it is the most difficult to master as well. Though nearly all the students have learned English for at least six years, when it comes to writ...Writing is one of the required abilities in learning a foreign language and it is the most difficult to master as well. Though nearly all the students have learned English for at least six years, when it comes to writing, they are incompetent for it and mistakes appear in their writing time and again. This article means to analyze the reasons of mistakes and attempts to offer some possible means to correct them. Thus students’ writing can be improved.展开更多
The Athenian demokratia of the late 5th century BC exhibited characteristics which would today qualify as populist.1Indeed,this was already the conclusion of an earlier paper which attempted to identify intersections ...The Athenian demokratia of the late 5th century BC exhibited characteristics which would today qualify as populist.1Indeed,this was already the conclusion of an earlier paper which attempted to identify intersections between modern research on populism and the operation of classical Athenian democracy.展开更多
故障现象：机器原来主要是会报116（Film Pickup Failed）,117（Film Pickup Retry Notification,Code 21-116is generated on the third successive failed pickup attempt.）,因是早期设备,怀疑Pickup上的传感器连线断,于是更换了新的...故障现象：机器原来主要是会报116（Film Pickup Failed）,117（Film Pickup Retry Notification,Code 21-116is generated on the third successive failed pickup attempt.）,因是早期设备,怀疑Pickup上的传感器连线断,于是更换了新的Pickup,换后同样会报116,117,并出现双片现象。展开更多
文摘Background The association between substance use including marijuana use and attempted suicide has been well documented.However,little is known about marijuana use and its association with attempted suicide repetition among young people in low-income and middle-income contexts.Aims This analysis was conducted to assess the factors associated with marijuana use and ascertain marijuana use as a determinant of repeated attempted suicide among senior high school(SHS)students in Ghana.Methods Data from the 2012 Global School-Based Student Health Survey in Ghana was used for this study.Modified Poisson,Logistic and Probit models weighted with Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity calliper were employed separately to determine the hypothetical association between marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide.All analysis was performed using Stata 16 and p<0.05 was deemed statistically significant.Results The prevalence estimates of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in Ghana were 3.4%(95%Cl:2.3 to 5.1)and 11.5%(95%Cl:9.1 to 14.4),respectively.The prevalence of marijuana use was significantly associated with school grade,smoking exposure,parent smoker,alcohol intake and truancy.Marijuana use was positively associated with repeated attempted suicide among SHS in Ghana correlation=0.23,p<0.001.Repeated attempted suicide among students who use marijuana was approximately threefold and fivefold significant compared with nonmarijuana use students,based on the Poisson(adjusted prevalence ratio:3.02;95%Cl:1.67 to 5.43,p<0.001)and Logistic(adjusted OR:5.06;95%Cl:3.19 to 11.64,p<0.001)estimates respectively.Also,the Probit model showed that marijuana use significantly increased the log count of repeated attempted suicide by 95%(ap:0.95;95%CI:0.49 to 1.41,p<0.001).Conclusion Marijuana use does not only influence the onset of suicidal attempts but also repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in Ghana.Special attention is required for suicide attempters with a history of repeated attempts and current marijuana use among SHS students in Ghana.Early identification of the potential risk and protective factors is recommended to inform school-based interventions.National level structured school-based substance abuse interventions and health promotion programmes would be useful.
文摘Genital self-mutilation is an uncommon event that is commonly associated with psychotic disorders. Such injuries have also been reported secondary to complex religious beliefs and delusions regarding sexual guilt. Even though few case reports of male genital self-mutilation are available in literature, it is?rareto have a combined self-genital mutilation and attempted suicide by cut throat occurring in the same patient at presentation. We presented the case of a 38-yr-old male who presented to the accident and emergency centre of a tertiary hospital in Accra, Ghana.
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have the potential to restore communication for people who have lost the ability to speak owing to a neurological disease or injury.BCIs have been used to translate the neural correlates of attempted speech into text1-3.However,text communication fails to capture the nuances of human speech,such as prosody and immediately hearing one's own voice.
文摘Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,limited data exist on lemborexant overdose,prompting this case report to elucidate its clinical course.Patient’s Concern:A 91-year-old Japanese woman with multiple comorbidities,including insomnia and chronic kidney disease,was admitted after ingesting 315 mg of lemborexant in a suicide attempt.Diagnosis:Lemborexant overdose.Interventions:Supportive care with 500 mL of Ringer’s acetate solution at the emergency room.Outcomes:She gradually regained full consciousness with no residual deficits.Due to persistent suicidal ideation,she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital after seven days of supportive care.Lessons:A review of four lemborexant overdose cases managed at our hospital revealed that overdoses primarily induce altered consciousness and are unlikely to cause organ dysfunction.Supportive care is generally sufficient for management.However,given the limited data,further case accumulation is needed to enhance clinical understanding.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81871081 and No.62201265the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.NJ2024029-14the Talent Support Programs of Wuxi Health Commission,No.BJ2023085,No.FZXK2021012,and No.M202358.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression,non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI),and suicide attempts(SA)often co-occur during adolescence and are associated with long-term adverse health outcomes.Unfortunately,neural mechanisms underlying self-injury and SA are poorly understood in depressed adolescents but likely relate to the structural abnormalities in brain regions.AIM To investigate structural network communication within large-scale brain networks in adolescents with depression.METHODS We constructed five distinct network communication models to evaluate structural network efficiency at the whole-brain level in adolescents with depression.Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 healthy controls and 85 depressed adolescents,including 17 depressed adolescents without SA or NSSI(major depressive disorder group),27 depressed adolescents with NSSI but no SA(NSSI group),and 41 depressed adolescents with SA and NSSI(NSSI+SA group).RESULTS Significant differences in structural network communication were observed across the four groups,involving spatially widespread brain regions,particularly encompassing cortico-cortical connections(e.g.,dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus and the right ventral posterior cingulate gyrus;connections based on precentral gyrus)and cortico-subcortical circuits(e.g.,the nucleus accumbens-frontal circuit).In addition,we examined whether compromised communication efficiency was linked to clinical symptoms in the depressed adolescents.We observed significant correlations between network communication efficiencies and clinical scale scores derived from depressed adolescents with NSSI and SA.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of structural network communication differences in depressed adolescents with NSSI and SA,highlighting impaired neuroanatomical communication efficiency as a potential contributor to their symptoms.These findings offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of NSSI and SA in adolescent depression.
基金the Global WACh Rising Star Seed Award by the Department of Global Health,University of Washington,Seattle,USA(Grant No:UW/GWACh/RSA/2023-01)。
文摘Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.
基金supported by the Guangzhou Municiple Health Commission(2023 C-TS26)the Opening Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration,Nanjing Medical University(KF202202)+1 种基金the Plan on Enhancing Scientific Research in Guangzhou Medical University(02-410-230221XM,GMUCR2024-02025)the Project of Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(2023A03J0835).
文摘Dear Editor,Major depressive disorder(MDD)is associated with a high rate of suicide attempts(SA).Previous reports have identified risk factors for SA in MDD patients,including sex and metabolic disorders[1].However,to our knowledge,the impact of sex differences on the association between body mass index(BMI)status and SA in patients with MDD has not been investigated.Th is study aimed to investigate:1)the sex diff erence in the prevalence of recent SA in Chinese drug-naïve fi rst-episode(DNFE)MDD patients,and 2)the eff ect of sex diff erence on the relationship between higher BMI(overweight or obese)and recent SA.Patients were recruited from the First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017.All patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria described in previous studies[2].
文摘Émile Durkheim’s Le Suicide(1897/2005)paved the way for the development of the sociology of suicide.However,Durkheim’s positivistic approach in studying suicide was trenchantly challenged by,amongst others,Jack Douglas,who,in Social Meanings of Suicide(1968),advocated extricating the social meanings of suicide from the interpretive tradition of social research.Drawing on Douglas’approach to the sociology of suicide,this paper reports and reflects on part of a study conducted across several rural areas of Jhenaidah,an area in Bangladesh highly affected by suicide,with 17 males who have attempted suicide.The responses of the participants were interpreted with a view to understanding the social meanings associated with their suicide attempts.Although there was a diversity of individual experiences among the participants with regard to suicide attempts,the paper synthesises these and reflects on three themes which most closely represent the commonalities of experience of the 17 men,namely:(i)inability to provide;(ii)intimate relationship stress;and(iii)loss of social status.In conclusion,the paper contributes to understanding suicide attempts by men as social meaningfully events,delineating the roles and complexities associated with constructions of masculine identities.
文摘Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) naturallyestablishes latency in neurons of the nervous systemwith the concommitant expression of the latencyassociated transcripts (LATS) and the loss in
基金supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science&ICT(NRF-2017R1A2B2003848)the Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science&ICT(2019M3A9E2066347)。
文摘Although bone defects can be restored spontaneously,bone reconstruction with sufficient strength and volume continues to be a challenge in clinical practices.In recent years,the use of a variety of biomaterials with bioactivity has been attempted to compensate for this limitation.Herein,we fabricated a pDNA(encoding for BMP-2)-loaded asymmetrically porous polycaprolactone(PCL)/Pluronic F127 membrane as a bioactive guided bone regeneration(GBR)membrane,using a modified immersion-precipitation method.It was observed that the GBR membrane allows continuous release of pDNA for more than20 weeks.The pDNA was sufficiently transfected into human bone marrow stem cells(h BMSCs)without significant cytotoxicity and the gene-transfected cells showed prolonged synthesis of BMP-2.From in vitro osteogenic differentiation and in vivo animal studies,the effective induction of osteogenic differentiation of h BMSCs and enhanced bone regeneration by the pDNA-loaded asymmetrically porous PCL/Pluronic F127 membrane was observed,suggesting that the pDNA-loaded membrane as a bioactive GBR membrane can be an alternative therapeutic technique for effective bone regeneration.
基金Supported by The Canadian Institutes of Health Research,No.319379
文摘Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth globally; however, there is uncertainty about how best to intervene. Suicide rates are typically higher in males than females, while the converse is true for suicide attempts. We review this "gender paradox" in youth, and in particular, the age-dependency of these sex/gender differences and the developmental mechanisms that may explain them. Epidemiologic, genetic,neurodevelopmental and psychopathological research have identified suicidal behaviour risks arising from genetic vulnerabilities and sex/gender differences in early adverse environments, neurodevelopment, mental disorder and their complex interconnections. Further, evolving sex-/gender-defined social expectations and norms have been thought to influence suicide risk. In particular, how youth perceive and cope with threats and losses(including conforming to others' or one's own expectations of sex/gender identity) and adapt to pain(through substance use and helpseeking behaviours). Taken together, considering brain plasticity over the lifespan, these proposed antecedents to youth suicide highlight the importance of interventions that alter early environment(s)(e.g., childhood maltreatment) and/or one's ability to adapt to them. Further, such interventions may have more enduring protective effects, for the individual and for future generations, if implemented in youth.
文摘BACKGROUND: Delayed presentation of carotid artery pseudoaneurysm following many years after self-inflicted penetrating injury of the neck is extremely rare. Open surgical carotid repair may involve sternotomy for proximal vascular control. Endovascular treatment is evolving as a lessinvasive treatment option.METHODS: We report a 55-year-old man with a history of paranoid schizophrenia who presented with a progressively enlarging left sided neck mass many years after attempted suicide. CT scan confirmed a 6 cm pseudoaneurysm arising from the common carotid artery.RESULTS: Through an open retrograde puncture of the distal common carotid artery, the common carotid pseudoaneurysm was successfully repaired with a BARD fluency carotid stentgraft of 8 mm×80 mm(BARD, Tempe, AZ). The patient recovered well with no neurological deficits and was discharged on postoperative day 4. Dual antiplatelet agents of aspirin and clopidogrel were given for six months and then clopidogrel was administered lifelong. The neck mass decreased in size gradually and became non pulsatile upon follow-up.CONCLUSION: Endovascular stenting of giant carotid pseudoaneurysm is an acceptable less invasive treatment option for giant carotid pseudoaneurysm. Long-term follow-up and a greater number of cases are mandatory to establish the safety of this strategy.
文摘Basing on the theory of collaterals,or JingLuo,the author further attempted to applymagneto-therapy in the treatment of ascariasis asa substitute for ascaricides to expel the parasitesby changing the living environment of round-worms in the human body.Following the re-
文摘Artificial Intelligence(AI)is intelligence demonstrated by machines:Simulating human thinking,and eventually achieving works as the proxy of human.As AI technology proceeding,scientists have attempted to summarize it from different perspectives,and the definition of AI is far from unified.But a common sense from the basic connotation can be elaborated as“intelligent machines that can perceive,think,cognize,and act like humans,and perform tasks that typically require human intelligence”.
文摘Background Marijuana use among adolescents,including high school students,has been consistently reported to be associated with a high incidence of suicidal behaviours.Little empirical research has been conducted on the propensity impact of marijuana use on suicidal behaviours in Africa.Aims To assess factors associated with marijuana use and further quantify marijuana use as an associated factor of suicidal behaviours,including repeated attempted suicide,suicidal ideation and suicide planning,among high school students in Africa.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 32802 school-going adolescents using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from 10 African countries grouped into West Africa,North Africa,South-East Africa,South Africa and East Africa subregions.Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were the main outcome variables.We employed double selection least absolute shrinkage and selection operator poisson regression model to assess risk factors associated with marijuana use and dominance analysis to establish ranked important and common risk factors.Inverse probability weighting poisson regression adjustment was applied to assess impact.Results The prevalence of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were 3.7%(95%CI:3.1 to 4.3)and 6.6%(95%CI:5.9 to 7.4),respectively.The most important risk factor for marijuana use generally across the countries and specifically in three subregions was alcohol consumption,which constituted approximately 40%of the impact.The average treatment effect on the treated(ATT)indicated that marijuana use significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation,suicide planning and repeated attempted suicide by 12%(ATT=0.12(95%CI:0.02 to 0.22)),18%(ATT=0.18(95%CI:0.13 to 0.22))and 31%(ATT=0.31(95%CI:0.20 to 0.41)),respectively.Conclusions Marijuana use was significantly associated with suicidal behaviours(suicidal ideation,planning and repeated attempted suicide)among the students.To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.5(to strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse),school-based-based psychosocial interventions should be streamlined to adequately assess and manage marijuana use.Targeting the most dominant risk factors in this population could translate into the reduction of suicidal behaviours in countries within Africa.
文摘Writing is one of the required abilities in learning a foreign language and it is the most difficult to master as well. Though nearly all the students have learned English for at least six years, when it comes to writing, they are incompetent for it and mistakes appear in their writing time and again. This article means to analyze the reasons of mistakes and attempts to offer some possible means to correct them. Thus students’ writing can be improved.
文摘The Athenian demokratia of the late 5th century BC exhibited characteristics which would today qualify as populist.1Indeed,this was already the conclusion of an earlier paper which attempted to identify intersections between modern research on populism and the operation of classical Athenian democracy.
文摘故障现象：机器原来主要是会报116（Film Pickup Failed）,117（Film Pickup Retry Notification,Code 21-116is generated on the third successive failed pickup attempt.）,因是早期设备,怀疑Pickup上的传感器连线断,于是更换了新的Pickup,换后同样会报116,117,并出现双片现象。
