选注者言:本文的主题句开门见山地告诉读者:frequent tippling(少喝常饮,常饮少量烈酒)of beer,wine or even spirits lowers a man’s risk of heart attack(心脏病发作)。但是,让我们感到不解的是文中的另一句话:alcohol affects wome...选注者言:本文的主题句开门见山地告诉读者:frequent tippling(少喝常饮,常饮少量烈酒)of beer,wine or even spirits lowers a man’s risk of heart attack(心脏病发作)。但是,让我们感到不解的是文中的另一句话:alcohol affects womendifferently than men and that it would be"premature and unwise"to extrapolate(推断)the results beyond men。现代科技尚不能揭开这个谜:男性每日少量饮酒能降低心脏病的风险,而女性经常喝酒,却会增加得乳腺癌的机会。此句中的premature and unwise可以学用,而extrapolate一词则用得太文绉绉了。展开更多
The attack graph methodology can be used to identify the potential attack paths that an attack can propagate. A risk assessment model based on Bayesian attack graph is presented in this paper. Firstly, attack graphs a...The attack graph methodology can be used to identify the potential attack paths that an attack can propagate. A risk assessment model based on Bayesian attack graph is presented in this paper. Firstly, attack graphs are generated by the MULVAL（Multi-host, Multistage Vulnerability Analysis） tool according to sufficient information of vulnerabilities, network configurations and host connectivity on networks. Secondly, the probabilistic attack graph is established according to the causal relationships among sophisticated multi-stage attacks by using Bayesian Networks. The probability of successful exploits is calculated by combining index of the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, and the static security risk is assessed by applying local conditional probability distribution tables of the attribute nodes. Finally, the overall security risk in a small network scenario is assessed. Experimental results demonstrate our work can deduce attack intention and potential attack paths effectively, and provide effective guidance on how to choose the optimal security hardening strategy.展开更多
Introduction: In 2008, cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for one in three deaths in the United States. Epidemiological analyses suggest that two or more risk factors are the indicator of high risk and/or poor CVD...Introduction: In 2008, cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for one in three deaths in the United States. Epidemiological analyses suggest that two or more risk factors are the indicator of high risk and/or poor CVD outcomes. Knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptomology has been the focus of much research based on the assumption that accurate identification of an event is critical to reducing time to treatment. There is a paucity of research showing a clear association between knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptomology, risk factors, and mortality rates. In this study, we hypothesized that high stroke and heart attack symptomology knowledge scores would correspond to lower stroke or CVD mortality rankings as well as to a lower prevalence of two or more CVD risk factors. Methods: State was the unit of analysis used to examine data from two different sources and combined into a customized database. The first source was a multiyear Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge module database. CVD and stroke mortality data used came from the American Heart Association’s (AHA) 2012 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics Update. Spearman’s Rho was the test statistic. Results: A moderate negative correlation was found between high heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge scores and the percentage of adults with two or more CVD or stroke risk factors. Likewise, a similar correlation resulted from the two variables, high heart attack and stroke symptoms knowledge score and CVD mortality rank. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant relationship between high heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge and lower CVD mortality rates and lower prevalence of two or more CVD risk factors at the state level. Our findings suggest that it is important to continue education efforts regarding heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge. Pharmacists are one group of health care providers who could enhance the needed public health education efforts.展开更多
Network security equipment is crucial to information systems, and a proper evaluation model can ensure the quality of network security equipment. However, there is only a few models of comprehensive models nowadays. A...Network security equipment is crucial to information systems, and a proper evaluation model can ensure the quality of network security equipment. However, there is only a few models of comprehensive models nowadays. An index system for network security equipment was established and a model based on attack tree with risk fusion was proposed to obtain the score of qualitative indices. The proposed model implements attack tree model and controlled interval and memory(CIM) model to solve the problem of quantifying qualitative indices, and thus improves the accuracy of the evaluation.展开更多
This case report investigates the manifestation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) through recurrent Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) in an 82-year-old patient. Despite initial diagnostic complexities, cerebral ang...This case report investigates the manifestation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) through recurrent Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) in an 82-year-old patient. Despite initial diagnostic complexities, cerebral angiography-MRI revealed features indicative of CAA. Symptomatic treatment resulted in improvement, but the patient later developed a fatal hematoma. The discussion navigates the intricate therapeutic landscape of repetitive TIAs in the elderly with cardiovascular risk factors, emphasizing the pivotal role of cerebral MRI and meticulous bleeding risk management. The conclusion stresses the importance of incorporating SWI sequences, specifically when suspecting a cardioembolic TIA, as a diagnostic measure to explore and exclude CAA in the differential diagnosis. This case report provides valuable insights into these challenges, highlighting the need to consider CAA in relevant cases.展开更多
文摘选注者言:本文的主题句开门见山地告诉读者:frequent tippling(少喝常饮,常饮少量烈酒)of beer,wine or even spirits lowers a man’s risk of heart attack(心脏病发作)。但是,让我们感到不解的是文中的另一句话:alcohol affects womendifferently than men and that it would be"premature and unwise"to extrapolate(推断)the results beyond men。现代科技尚不能揭开这个谜:男性每日少量饮酒能降低心脏病的风险,而女性经常喝酒,却会增加得乳腺癌的机会。此句中的premature and unwise可以学用,而extrapolate一词则用得太文绉绉了。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61373176)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(2015JQ7278)the Scientific Research Plan Projects of Shaanxi Educational Committee(17JK0304,14JK1693)
文摘The attack graph methodology can be used to identify the potential attack paths that an attack can propagate. A risk assessment model based on Bayesian attack graph is presented in this paper. Firstly, attack graphs are generated by the MULVAL（Multi-host, Multistage Vulnerability Analysis） tool according to sufficient information of vulnerabilities, network configurations and host connectivity on networks. Secondly, the probabilistic attack graph is established according to the causal relationships among sophisticated multi-stage attacks by using Bayesian Networks. The probability of successful exploits is calculated by combining index of the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, and the static security risk is assessed by applying local conditional probability distribution tables of the attribute nodes. Finally, the overall security risk in a small network scenario is assessed. Experimental results demonstrate our work can deduce attack intention and potential attack paths effectively, and provide effective guidance on how to choose the optimal security hardening strategy.
文摘Introduction: In 2008, cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for one in three deaths in the United States. Epidemiological analyses suggest that two or more risk factors are the indicator of high risk and/or poor CVD outcomes. Knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptomology has been the focus of much research based on the assumption that accurate identification of an event is critical to reducing time to treatment. There is a paucity of research showing a clear association between knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptomology, risk factors, and mortality rates. In this study, we hypothesized that high stroke and heart attack symptomology knowledge scores would correspond to lower stroke or CVD mortality rankings as well as to a lower prevalence of two or more CVD risk factors. Methods: State was the unit of analysis used to examine data from two different sources and combined into a customized database. The first source was a multiyear Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge module database. CVD and stroke mortality data used came from the American Heart Association’s (AHA) 2012 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics Update. Spearman’s Rho was the test statistic. Results: A moderate negative correlation was found between high heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge scores and the percentage of adults with two or more CVD or stroke risk factors. Likewise, a similar correlation resulted from the two variables, high heart attack and stroke symptoms knowledge score and CVD mortality rank. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant relationship between high heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge and lower CVD mortality rates and lower prevalence of two or more CVD risk factors at the state level. Our findings suggest that it is important to continue education efforts regarding heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge. Pharmacists are one group of health care providers who could enhance the needed public health education efforts.
基金The Research of Key Technology and Application of Information Security Certification Project(No.2016YFF0204001)
文摘Network security equipment is crucial to information systems, and a proper evaluation model can ensure the quality of network security equipment. However, there is only a few models of comprehensive models nowadays. An index system for network security equipment was established and a model based on attack tree with risk fusion was proposed to obtain the score of qualitative indices. The proposed model implements attack tree model and controlled interval and memory(CIM) model to solve the problem of quantifying qualitative indices, and thus improves the accuracy of the evaluation.
文摘This case report investigates the manifestation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) through recurrent Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) in an 82-year-old patient. Despite initial diagnostic complexities, cerebral angiography-MRI revealed features indicative of CAA. Symptomatic treatment resulted in improvement, but the patient later developed a fatal hematoma. The discussion navigates the intricate therapeutic landscape of repetitive TIAs in the elderly with cardiovascular risk factors, emphasizing the pivotal role of cerebral MRI and meticulous bleeding risk management. The conclusion stresses the importance of incorporating SWI sequences, specifically when suspecting a cardioembolic TIA, as a diagnostic measure to explore and exclude CAA in the differential diagnosis. This case report provides valuable insights into these challenges, highlighting the need to consider CAA in relevant cases.
