Since the research on verification to passive design strategies in sustainable building is at the initial stage,and its test method and verification conclusion are not scientific enough to validate,this paper proposes...Since the research on verification to passive design strategies in sustainable building is at the initial stage,and its test method and verification conclusion are not scientific enough to validate,this paper proposes the necessity of building physical environmental monitoring to quantitative optimization of passive strategies efficiency from the perspective of architecture design and building environment. Adopting comparative research method,this research chooses six types of atrium space in cold climate in China as a prototype,focusing on building physical environmental performance difference in and between atrium and building main space. Spatial parameters of the atrium space will be divided into four factors: spatial geometry,interfacial properties,internal and external related categories. With subdividing these four factors into sub-factors,this paper makes crosscomparison among the sub-factors to clarify passive strategies effectiveness in atrium. Data comparison analysis shows that Winter atrium passive strategy in cold regions from traditional view is not obvious in practical application,and test data need to be stratified refined in atrium design in case of optimizing passive strategy from building prototype perspective.展开更多
Atrium spaces,common in modern construction,provide significant fire safety challenges due to their large vertical openings,which facilitate rapid smoke spread and reduce sprinkler effectiveness.Traditional smoke mana...Atrium spaces,common in modern construction,provide significant fire safety challenges due to their large vertical openings,which facilitate rapid smoke spread and reduce sprinkler effectiveness.Traditional smoke management systems primarily rely on make-up air to replace the air expelled through vents.Inadequate calibration,particularly with air velocity,can worsen fire conditions by enhancing oxygen supply,increasing soot production,and reducing visibility,so endangering safe evacuation.This study investigates the impact of make-up air velocity on smoke behaviour in atrium environments through 24 simulations performed using the FireDynamics Simulator(FDS).Scenarios include various fire intensities(1,3,5 MW)and make-up air velocities(1–3.5 m/s),with fire sources located at the centre,northeast,and southwest corners.The simulation model was validated using updated full-scale fire test data with polystyrene fuel,leading to heightened soot density and reduced smoke clear height.This Research design diverges from other studies that predominantly utilized propane pool fires and concentrated on axisymmetric(Fire at the center of the atrum),Northeast and Southeast corners of the atrium scenarios by using polystyrene-a widely accessible construction material and examining several asymetric fire sites,so providing a more authentic depiction of atrium fire settings.Research reveals that increased air velocities,especially when directed at the fire,result in greater soot density and reduced smoke clearance due to intensified combustion.The northeastern region consistently displayed high temperature readings,highlighting the importance of fire source positioning in smoke behaviour.The study recommends limiting make-up air velocity to 1 m/s to avert turbulence and guarantee safety.This research provides critical insights for fire safety design and aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals,namely SDG 9 and SDG 11,by promoting safer and more resilient construction practices in urban environments.展开更多
As a transition space,atrium not only organizes traffic,makes the flow line flexible,but also modulates the indoor micro-climate. Because of its good sense of space and lighting performance,designers generally set rea...As a transition space,atrium not only organizes traffic,makes the flow line flexible,but also modulates the indoor micro-climate. Because of its good sense of space and lighting performance,designers generally set reading space around the atrium. But nowadays,people are more concerned with the external form of the architecture,rather than the thermal comfort conditions of the atrium reading space. This article chooses the universities' library atrium space of Harbin in typical city in cold regions as the carrier of research,testes the thermal environment of atrium reading space, analyzes the user 's subjective feelings of the thermal environment and establishes climate adaptation model applied to library buildings. This paper aims to study on Winter thermal comfort of universities' library atrium reading space in cold area. Bases on thermal comfort adaptive model,it establishes a reasonable heating methods and design temperature index of indoor thermal environment. Optimum comfort is obtained while achieving building energy efficiency and providing viewers a comfortable reading space.展开更多
Based on the thermal and velocity layer's theory,the experimental setup was established on large space atrium under nozzle outlet. A series of winter experiments were accomplished and the following conclusions cou...Based on the thermal and velocity layer's theory,the experimental setup was established on large space atrium under nozzle outlet. A series of winter experiments were accomplished and the following conclusions could be drawn. At the sunny day of winter in Shanghai,the thermal and velocity layer are similar. The height of the both layer is 10-30 mm,and the temperature gratitude is 5-10 ℃ /m. Decreasing the angle of the nozzle outlet can increase the layer height dramatically. The maximum temperature difference of the occupant zone has relation with the angle of the nozzle outlet. The less the angle of the nozzle outlet is set,the greater the temperature difference is. The occupant temperature differences at these angles of the nozzle outlet are 5.1-4.4 ℃. The velocity of the wind is 0.02 and 0.17 m/s and they can accord with design demand. So,it can decrease the temperature gratitude by about 30% and it can save 10%-15% energy consumption.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51138004)the National Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No.2012BAJ10B02)
文摘Since the research on verification to passive design strategies in sustainable building is at the initial stage,and its test method and verification conclusion are not scientific enough to validate,this paper proposes the necessity of building physical environmental monitoring to quantitative optimization of passive strategies efficiency from the perspective of architecture design and building environment. Adopting comparative research method,this research chooses six types of atrium space in cold climate in China as a prototype,focusing on building physical environmental performance difference in and between atrium and building main space. Spatial parameters of the atrium space will be divided into four factors: spatial geometry,interfacial properties,internal and external related categories. With subdividing these four factors into sub-factors,this paper makes crosscomparison among the sub-factors to clarify passive strategies effectiveness in atrium. Data comparison analysis shows that Winter atrium passive strategy in cold regions from traditional view is not obvious in practical application,and test data need to be stratified refined in atrium design in case of optimizing passive strategy from building prototype perspective.
文摘Atrium spaces,common in modern construction,provide significant fire safety challenges due to their large vertical openings,which facilitate rapid smoke spread and reduce sprinkler effectiveness.Traditional smoke management systems primarily rely on make-up air to replace the air expelled through vents.Inadequate calibration,particularly with air velocity,can worsen fire conditions by enhancing oxygen supply,increasing soot production,and reducing visibility,so endangering safe evacuation.This study investigates the impact of make-up air velocity on smoke behaviour in atrium environments through 24 simulations performed using the FireDynamics Simulator(FDS).Scenarios include various fire intensities(1,3,5 MW)and make-up air velocities(1–3.5 m/s),with fire sources located at the centre,northeast,and southwest corners.The simulation model was validated using updated full-scale fire test data with polystyrene fuel,leading to heightened soot density and reduced smoke clear height.This Research design diverges from other studies that predominantly utilized propane pool fires and concentrated on axisymmetric(Fire at the center of the atrum),Northeast and Southeast corners of the atrium scenarios by using polystyrene-a widely accessible construction material and examining several asymetric fire sites,so providing a more authentic depiction of atrium fire settings.Research reveals that increased air velocities,especially when directed at the fire,result in greater soot density and reduced smoke clearance due to intensified combustion.The northeastern region consistently displayed high temperature readings,highlighting the importance of fire source positioning in smoke behaviour.The study recommends limiting make-up air velocity to 1 m/s to avert turbulence and guarantee safety.This research provides critical insights for fire safety design and aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals,namely SDG 9 and SDG 11,by promoting safer and more resilient construction practices in urban environments.
基金Sponsored by the National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China(Grant No.2012BAJ06B04-02)
文摘As a transition space,atrium not only organizes traffic,makes the flow line flexible,but also modulates the indoor micro-climate. Because of its good sense of space and lighting performance,designers generally set reading space around the atrium. But nowadays,people are more concerned with the external form of the architecture,rather than the thermal comfort conditions of the atrium reading space. This article chooses the universities' library atrium space of Harbin in typical city in cold regions as the carrier of research,testes the thermal environment of atrium reading space, analyzes the user 's subjective feelings of the thermal environment and establishes climate adaptation model applied to library buildings. This paper aims to study on Winter thermal comfort of universities' library atrium reading space in cold area. Bases on thermal comfort adaptive model,it establishes a reasonable heating methods and design temperature index of indoor thermal environment. Optimum comfort is obtained while achieving building energy efficiency and providing viewers a comfortable reading space.
基金Project(09YZ229) supported by Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, ChinaProject(J50502) supported by Leading Academic Discipline of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,China+2 种基金Project(50478113) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006BAJ02A05) supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program,ChinaProject(08DZ1203600) supported by the Shanghai Municipal Sciences and Technology Committee,China
文摘Based on the thermal and velocity layer's theory,the experimental setup was established on large space atrium under nozzle outlet. A series of winter experiments were accomplished and the following conclusions could be drawn. At the sunny day of winter in Shanghai,the thermal and velocity layer are similar. The height of the both layer is 10-30 mm,and the temperature gratitude is 5-10 ℃ /m. Decreasing the angle of the nozzle outlet can increase the layer height dramatically. The maximum temperature difference of the occupant zone has relation with the angle of the nozzle outlet. The less the angle of the nozzle outlet is set,the greater the temperature difference is. The occupant temperature differences at these angles of the nozzle outlet are 5.1-4.4 ℃. The velocity of the wind is 0.02 and 0.17 m/s and they can accord with design demand. So,it can decrease the temperature gratitude by about 30% and it can save 10%-15% energy consumption.
