Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely orien...Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely oriented.Using NbOCl_(2) monolayer with competing ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases as a 2D material platform,we demonstrate the emergence of intrinsic antiferroelectricity in NbOCl_(2) monolayer under experimentally accessible shear strain,along with new functionality associated with electric field-induced AFE-to-FE phase transition.Specifically,the complex configuration space accommodating FE and AFE phases,polarization switching kinetics,and finite temperature thermodynamic properties of 2D NbOCl_(2) are all accurately predicted by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations based on deep learning interatomic potential model.Moreover,room temperature stable antiferroelectricity with low polarization switching barrier and one-dimensional collinear polarization arrangement is predicted in shear-deformed NbOCl_(2) monolayer.The transition from AFE to FE phase in 2D NbOCl_(2) can be triggered by a low critical electric field,leading to a double polarization–electric(P–E)loop with small hysteresis.A new type of optoelectronic device composed of AFE-NbOCl_(2) is proposed,enabling electric“writing”and nonlinear optical“reading”logical operation with fast operation speed and low power consumption.展开更多
Atomic spin gyroscopes are promising candidates for next-generation inertial navigation due to extremely high theoretical precision,relatively small size among atomic gyroscopes,and promising potential for miniaturiza...Atomic spin gyroscopes are promising candidates for next-generation inertial navigation due to extremely high theoretical precision,relatively small size among atomic gyroscopes,and promising potential for miniaturization.In particular,the spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)atomic gyroscope relies on optical pumping to polarize atoms,enabling rotation sensing through the Faraday optical rotation angle(FORA).However,fluctuations in atomic density introduce systematic errors in FORA measurements,limiting long-term stability.We present a data-driven decoupling method that isolates atomic density fluctuations from the FORA signal by modeling spatially resolved light absorption in the vapor cell.The model accounts for the spatial distribution of spin polarization in the pump-light interaction volume,density-dependent relaxation rates,wall-induced relaxation,and polarization diffusion,and is implemented within a finite-element framework.Compared to the conventional Lambert-Beer law,which assumes one-dimensional homogeneity,our approach captures the full threedimensional density and polarization distribution,significantly improving the accuracy of light absorption modeling.The resulting absorption-density maps are used to train a feedforward neural network,yielding a high-precision estimator for atomic density fluctuations.This estimator enables the construction of a decoupling equation that separates the density contribution from the FORA signal.Experimental validation shows that this method improves the bias instability atσ(100 s)of the gyroscope was improved by 73.1%compared to traditional platinum-resistance-based stabilization.The proposed framework is general and can be extended to other optical pumping-based sensors,such as optically pumped magnetometers.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have demonstrated excellent performance in heterogeneous catalytic reactions owing to their maximized atomic efficiency,distinctive geometric,and electronic configurations.However,the effica...Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have demonstrated excellent performance in heterogeneous catalytic reactions owing to their maximized atomic efficiency,distinctive geometric,and electronic configurations.However,the efficacy of SACs remains limited for certain reactions requiring simultaneous activation of multiple reactants over metallic active sites.Herein,we report an atomically dispersed Pt1Ru1 dual-atom pair site anchored on nanodiamond@graphene(ND@G)for CO oxidation.The Pt1Ru1 dual-atom catalyst shows an exceptional turnover frequency(TOF)of 17.6.10^(-2)s^(-1)at significantly lower temperature(30℃),achieving a tenfold increase in TOF compared to singleatom Pt1/ND@G catalyst(1.5.10^(-2)s^(-1))and surpassing to previously reported Pt-based catalysts under similar conditions.Moreover,the catalyst demonstrates excellent stability,maintaining its activity for 40 h at 80℃without significant deactivation.The superior catalytic performance of Pt-Ru dual-atom catalysts is attributed to the synergistic effect between Pt and Ru atoms with enhanced metallicity for improving simultaneous adsorption and activation of CO and O_(2),and the tuning of conventional competitive reactant adsorption into a non-competitive pathway over dual-atom pair sites.The present work manifests the advantages of dual-atom pair sites in heterogeneous catalysis and paves the way for precise design of catalysts at the atomic scale.展开更多
Interplay between topology and magnetism can give rise to exotic properties in topological materials.Two-dimensional bismuth has been extensively studied owing to its topological states with a strong spin-orbit coupli...Interplay between topology and magnetism can give rise to exotic properties in topological materials.Two-dimensional bismuth has been extensively studied owing to its topological states with a strong spin-orbit coupling,and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer theoretically predicted to host an intrinsic magnetism as experimentally suggested.In this work,we successfully constructed a vertical heterostructure composed of the two-dimensional Bi(110)monolayer and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer by using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).Scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)measurements revealed that the growth of Bi preferably occurs along the step edges of the VTe_(2)monolayer,forming a Bi(110)monolayer on top of the VTe_(2)monolayer next to a peripheral Bi bilayer.The Bi(100)/VTe_(2)heterostructure exhibits a specific lattice registry with a well-defined moiréperiodicity.Scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS)measurements further unveiled an universal suppression in the local density-of-states at the boundary of the Bi(110)/VTe_(2)bilayer.By examining the atomic structures of Bi(110)boundaries,we found this effect does not originate from the previously proposed atomic reconstruction at the step edge of Bi(110),but is likely related to the magnetic properties of the VTe_(2)monolayer.展开更多
The development of catalysts with highly efficient oxygen evolution performance and low-Ir loading is key to scaling up the application of proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis technology.Here,an Ir-skin cat...The development of catalysts with highly efficient oxygen evolution performance and low-Ir loading is key to scaling up the application of proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis technology.Here,an Ir-skin catalyst(Ir@KM)is realized on a potassium-manganese oxide(K_(0.25)MnO_(x)(KM))using an ion-exchange method.The Ir-skin over the prepared Ir@KM has a low Ir-Ir atomic distance,endowing an energetically favorable oxide path mechanism to allow a low theoretical overpotential of 0.13 V.Ir@KM offers a low overpotential of~280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and provides a high mass activity of up to 18,500 A at a cell voltage of 1.8 V in PEM,which is 17.6 times higher than that of IrO_(2),demonstrating a significant advantage in reducing the cost of the membrane electrode.The presented Ir-skin concept represents a promising strategy to fabricate low-Ir catalyst with high activity and durability for practical applications of PEM.展开更多
This study uses all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dislocation propagation, stress transmission, and mechanical properties in poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers under uniaxial tension. Th...This study uses all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dislocation propagation, stress transmission, and mechanical properties in poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers under uniaxial tension. The results indicate that the dislocation propagates and the stress transfers not only along the fiber axis but also between adjacent molecular chains through hydrogen bonds, demonstrating their influence on the yield behavior. As the degree of polymerization increases, breakage of covalent bonds and interchain slippage contribute to the yield of fibers together. This work provides theoretical guidance for the design and manufacturing of high-performance fibers.展开更多
Chlorinated antibiotics pose great challenges in efficient removal,while for the first time,this work greatly enhanced their electrocatalytic dechlorination performance by construction of non-noble metal Co_(3)O_(4)/g...Chlorinated antibiotics pose great challenges in efficient removal,while for the first time,this work greatly enhanced their electrocatalytic dechlorination performance by construction of non-noble metal Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunctions to improve process cost-effectiveness.The Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction demonstrated an effective removal of 93.6%thiamphenicol(TAP)within 45 min,with the rate constant(0.0584 min^(-1))that was 2.4 and 2.8 times that of Co_(3)O_(4) and g-C_(3)N_(4) alone,respectively.The formation of heterojunctions facilitated electron transfer,enriched the electron density on Co_(3)O_(4),and enhanced the adsorption of pollutants as well as the desorption of degradation intermediates.The enhanced production of atomic hydrogen(H*)of Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4),which increased by 13.6-28.2 times,contributed more to pollutant removal(64.0%),much higher than that of Co_(3)O_(4)(37.3%)and g-C_(3)N_(4)(6.1%).The energy barrier for H_(2) formation on Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)(0.75 eV)was higher than that on Co_(3)O_(4)(-1.84 eV),supporting that it could stabilize H*and inhibit the formation of H_(2).The Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction exhibited stable performance with less impact by pH and co-existing ions,and posed effectiveness for the dechlorination of typical chlorinated antibiotics.This study offers an efficient and sustainable strategy for constructing heterojunctions to enhance the performance of non-noble metal catalysts in electrocatalytic dechlorination.展开更多
The experiment explored the Fe_(2)O_(3) reduction process with H_(2)/CO mixed gas and confirmed a promoting effect from CO when its volume proportion in mixed gas is 20% at 850℃.The ReaxFF molecular dynamics(MD)simul...The experiment explored the Fe_(2)O_(3) reduction process with H_(2)/CO mixed gas and confirmed a promoting effect from CO when its volume proportion in mixed gas is 20% at 850℃.The ReaxFF molecular dynamics(MD)simulation method was used to observe the reduction process and provide an atomic-level explanation.The accuracy of the parameters used in the simulation was verified by the density functional theory(DFT)calculation.The simulation shows that the initial reduction rate of H_(2) is much faster than that of CO(from 800 to 950℃).As the reduction proceeds,cementite,obtained after CO participates in the reduction at 850℃,will appear on the iron surface.Due to the active properties of C atoms in cementite,they are easy to further react with the O atoms in Fe_(2)O_(3).The generation of internal CO may destroy the dense structure of the surface layer,thereby affecting the overall reduction swelling of Fe_(2)O_(3).However,excess CO is detrimental to the reaction rate,mainly because of the poor thermodynamic conditions of CO in the temperature range and the molecular diffusion capacity is not as good as that of H_(2).Furthermore,the surface structures obtained after H_(2) and CO reduction have been compared,and it was found that the structure obtained by CO reduction has a larger surface area,thus promoting the sub sequent reaction of H_(2).展开更多
We propose a theoretical framework,based on the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation(GPE),for the investigation of vortex solitons(VSs)in hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the st...We propose a theoretical framework,based on the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation(GPE),for the investigation of vortex solitons(VSs)in hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the stimulated Raman-induced photoassociation and square-optical-lattice potential.Stationary solutions of the coupled GPE system are obtained by means of the imaginary-time integration,while the temporal dynamics are simulated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm.The analysis reveals stable rhombus-shaped VS shapes with topological charges m=1 and 2 of the atomic component.The stability domains and spatial structure of these VSs are governed by three key parameters:the parametric-coupling strength(χ),atomicmolecular interaction strength(g_(12)),and the optical-lattice potential depth(V_(0)).By varyingχand g_(12),we demonstrate a structural transition where four-core rhombus-shaped VSs evolve into eight-core square-shaped modes,highlighting the nontrivial nonlinear dynamics of the system.This work establishes a connection between interactions of cold atoms and topologically structured matter waves in hybrid quantum systems.展开更多
In this study, 6061 aluminum alloy and AZ31 B magnesium alloy composite plate was fabricated through explosive welding. Molecular dynamics（MD） simulations were conducted to investigate atomic diffusion behavior at b...In this study, 6061 aluminum alloy and AZ31 B magnesium alloy composite plate was fabricated through explosive welding. Molecular dynamics（MD） simulations were conducted to investigate atomic diffusion behavior at bonding interface in the AI/Mg composite plate. Corresponding experiments were conducted to validate the simulation results. The results show that diffusion coefficient of Mg atom is larger than that of A1 atom and the difference between these two coefficients becomes smaller with increasing collision velocity. The diffusion coefficient was found to depend on collision velocity and angle. It increases linearly with collision velocity when the collision angle is maintained constant at 10° and decreases linearly with collision angle when the collision velocity is maintained constantly at 440 m/s. Based on our MD simulation results and Fick＇s second law, a mathematical formula to calculate the thickness of diffusion layer was proposed and its validity was verified by relevant experiments. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive system were also used to investigate the atomic diffusion behavior at the bonding interface in the explosively welded 6061/AZ31B composite plate. The results show that there were obvious Al and Mg atom diffusion at the bonding interface,and the diffusion of magnesium atoms from magnesium alloy plate to aluminum alloy plate occurs much faster than the diffusion of aluminum atoms to the magnesium alloy plate. These findings from the current study can help to optimize the explosive welding process.展开更多
One of the major tasks in a molecular dynamics （MD） simulation is the selection of adequate potential functions, from which forces are derived. If the potentials do not model the behaviour of the atoms correctly, th...One of the major tasks in a molecular dynamics （MD） simulation is the selection of adequate potential functions, from which forces are derived. If the potentials do not model the behaviour of the atoms correctly, the results produced from the simulation would be useless. Three popular potentials, namely, Lennard-Jones （L J）, Morse, and embedded-atom method （EAM） potentials, were employed to model copper workpiece and diamond tool in nanometric machining. From the simulation results and further analysis, the EAM potential was found to be the most suitable of the three potentials. This is because it best describes the metallic bonding of the copper atoms; it demonstrated the lowest cutting force variation, and the potential energy is most stable for the EAM.展开更多
We investigate the diffraction characteristics of an incident Gaussian beam cut by a straight edge bounding a semi-infinite opaque plane using Kirchhoff scalar wave theory in the Fresnel limit, and propose a new and s...We investigate the diffraction characteristics of an incident Gaussian beam cut by a straight edge bounding a semi-infinite opaque plane using Kirchhoff scalar wave theory in the Fresnel limit, and propose a new and simple mirror scheme to reflect atoms by using the intensity gradient induced by a blue-detuned semi-Gaussian laser beam. The optical potential of the diffracted light of the knife-cut semi-Gaussian beam for 85 Rb atom and its spontaneous emission probability are calculated and compared with the performance of the evanescent-wave mirror. Our study shows that the optical potential of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian beam is far higher than that of the evanescent light wave, and the maximum normal velocity of the incident atoms can be far greater than that of the evanescent light wave under the same parameters, so the blue-detuned semioGaussian beam, as a novel atomic mirror, can be used to efficiently reflect cold atoms with a normal velocity of greater than 1 m/s. However, the intensity gradient （force） of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian-beam is much smaller than that of the evanescent light wave, so its spontaneous emission probability is greater than that from the evanescent-wave when the normal velocity of incident atoms is greater.展开更多
The T_(1)(Al_(2) CuLi)phase is one of the most effective strengthening nanoscale-precipitate in Al-Cu alloys with Li.However,its formation and evolution still need to be further clarified during aging due to the compl...The T_(1)(Al_(2) CuLi)phase is one of the most effective strengthening nanoscale-precipitate in Al-Cu alloys with Li.However,its formation and evolution still need to be further clarified during aging due to the complex precipitation sequences.Here,a detailed investigation has been carried out on the atomic struc-tural evolution of T_(1) precipitate in an aged Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag alloy using state-of-the-art Cs-corrected high-angle annular dark field(HAADF)-coupled with integrated differential phase contrast(iDPC)-scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDXS)techniques.An intermediate T_(1)’phase between T_(1p) and T_(1) phase,with a crystal structure and orientation rela-tionship consistent with T_(1),but exhibiting different atomic occupancy and chemical composition was found.We observed the atomic structural transformation from T_(1p) to T_(1)’phase(fcc→hcp),involving only 1/12<112>Al shear component.DFT calculation results validated our proposed structural models and the precipitation sequence.Besides,the distributions of minor solute elements(Ag,Mg,and Zn)in the pre-cipitates exhibited significant differences.These findings may contribute to a further understanding of the nucleation mechanism of T_(1) precipitate.展开更多
Understanding hydrogen diffusion in amorphous SiO2(a-SiO2),especially under strain,is of prominent importance for improving the reliability of semiconducting devices,such as metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect tran...Understanding hydrogen diffusion in amorphous SiO2(a-SiO2),especially under strain,is of prominent importance for improving the reliability of semiconducting devices,such as metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors.In this work,the diffusion of hydrogen atom in a-SiO2 under strain is simulated by using molecular dynamics(MD)with the ReaxFF force field.A defect-free a-SiO2 atomic model,of which the local structure parameters accord well with the experimental results,is established.Strain is applied by using the uniaxial tensile method,and the values of maximum strain,ultimate strength,and Young's modulus of the a-SiO2 model under different tensile rates are calculated.The diffusion of hydrogen atom is simulated by MD with the ReaxFF,and its pathway is identified to be a series of hops among local energy minima.Moreover,the calculated diffusivity and activation energy show their dependence on strain.The diffusivity is substantially enhanced by the tensile strain at a low temperature(below 500 K),but reduced at a high temperature(above 500 K).The activation energy decreases as strain increases.Our research shows that the tensile strain can have an influence on hydrogen transportation in a-SiO2,which may be utilized to improve the reliability of semiconducting devices.展开更多
In this work,the coal samples from Hongshiwan(HSW)mining area,Ningxia,northwest of China,are characterized by using several modern materials characterization techniques,such as proximate and ultimate analyses,solid st...In this work,the coal samples from Hongshiwan(HSW)mining area,Ningxia,northwest of China,are characterized by using several modern materials characterization techniques,such as proximate and ultimate analyses,solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C NMR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Then the key information about elements,valence,and chemical bonding for coal molecular structural construction is obtained.The results reveal that the main structure of HSW coal has 75.96%aromatic skeleton in mass.The ratio of aromatic bridge carbon to aromatic peripheral carbon of HSW coal is 0.315,indicating more naphthalene than benzene and anthracene in coal structures.Oxygen predominantly presents in the forms of ether(C–O),carbonyl(C=O)and carboxyl(–COO).Nitrogen presents in the forms of both pyridine and pyrrole.Methyl(–CH_(3))group is predominant in cyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.Based on obtained structural information and the approaches of average molecular structure,the single molecular formula of HSW coal is defined as C_(221)H_(148)O_(28)N_(2),with a molecular weight of 3142.32.Also,the 2D and 3D molecular model of HSW coal are built with computeraided modeling.The model is optimized and further verified by FT-IR and^(13)C NMR spectra simulation with quantum chemical calculations.Besides,a more complicated structure of complex model for HSW coal containing 10 single-molecules is also obtained.Therefore,molecular structure of HSW coal has been comprehensively depicted and understood at atomic level from both experimental and quantum chemical approaches in the current work.展开更多
Metal-based catalysts are prevalent in the CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol owing to their remarkable catalytic activity.Herein,Ru/In_(2)O_(3) catalysts with different morphologies obtained by doping Ru into In_(2)O_(...Metal-based catalysts are prevalent in the CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol owing to their remarkable catalytic activity.Herein,Ru/In_(2)O_(3) catalysts with different morphologies obtained by doping Ru into In_(2)O_(3) with irregular,rod-like,and flower-like morphologies are used for catalytic CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol.Results indicate that the flower-like Ru/In_(2)O_(3)(Ru/In_(2)O_(3)-F)exhibits higher catalytic performance than Ru/In_(2)O_(3) with other morphologies,achieving a 12.9%CO_(2) conversion,74.02%methanol selectivity,and 671.36 mg_(MeOH) h^(−1) g_(cat)^(−1) methanol spatiotemporal yield.Furthermore,Ru/In_(2)O_(3)-F maintains its catalytic stability over 200 h at 5 MPa and 290℃.The promotional effect mainly stems from the fact that electronic structure of Ru can be effectively adjusted by modulating the morphology of In_(2)O_(3).The strong interaction between atomically dispersed Ru and In_(2)O_(3)-F enhances the structural stability of Ru,inhibiting the agglomeration of the catalyst during the reaction process.Furthermore,density-functional theory calculations reveal that highly dispersed Ru atoms not only perform efficient and rapid electronic gain and loss processes,facilitating the catalytic activation of H_(2) into H intermediates.It also enables the generated reactive H to rapidly overflow to the surrounding In sites to participate in CO_(2) reduction.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-performance catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation.展开更多
Currently,there has an ever-growing interest in layered LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(z)O_(2)(NMCs,x+y+z=1)cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and lithium metal batteries(LMBs),due to their low cost and high capacity...Currently,there has an ever-growing interest in layered LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(z)O_(2)(NMCs,x+y+z=1)cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and lithium metal batteries(LMBs),due to their low cost and high capacity.However,they still suffer from a series of issues,such as Li/Ni cation mixing,irreversible phase transition,and transition metal dissolution.These issues result in severe capacity degradation and limited cyclability of NMCs.Recently,atomic and molecular layer deposition(ALD and MLD)have emerged as a novel tool to tackle these issues,featuring their unique capabilities to fine-tailor NMCs'surfaces for stable interfaces and improved electrochemical performance in LIBs and LMBs.In this review,we specially summarize the recent advances of different ALD and MLD coatings on NMCs and discuss their working mechanisms.We expect that this review will stimulate more efforts to further develop better NMCs using novel ALD/MLD coatings.展开更多
Atomic and molecular processes relevant to the volumetric recombinationphenomena were investigated in a linear divertor plasma simulator MAP-Ⅱ. Volumetric recombinationis induced in He plasma by puffing of He or H_2....Atomic and molecular processes relevant to the volumetric recombinationphenomena were investigated in a linear divertor plasma simulator MAP-Ⅱ. Volumetric recombinationis induced in He plasma by puffing of He or H_2. In the He puffing case, the reduction of the ionflux is dominated by the electron-ion recombination. In the H_2 puffing case, however, it isdominated by the molecule-assisted recombination (MAR), which is characterized by the disappearanceof the Helium Rydberg spectra and by the existence of the hydrogen negative ions. Currentachievement and the future prospect are described.展开更多
We present our theoretical study in electronic structures of molecular Rydberg states for some diatomic molecules along the second row in the periodic table which involve binding between atomic 2s and 2p valence orbit...We present our theoretical study in electronic structures of molecular Rydberg states for some diatomic molecules along the second row in the periodic table which involve binding between atomic 2s and 2p valence orbitals.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The articles in the“Atomic and molecular physics for controlled fusion and astrophysics”special issue cover a wide range of topics in atomic and molecular physics in the context of hot plasmas.Basic ato...INTRODUCTION The articles in the“Atomic and molecular physics for controlled fusion and astrophysics”special issue cover a wide range of topics in atomic and molecular physics in the context of hot plasmas.Basic atomic processes are of fundamental importance in confinement fusion and astrophysical environments,and also for ultrahigh–intensity interaction of lasers with matter.Atomic physics in extreme environments such as high pressures and hot or dense plasmas^(1,2)presents new challenges to the community,and these have to be addressed by both theoretical and experimental studies.Several extreme configurations are investigated in this special issue,which should be understood as an initiative to draw the attention of the community to important ongoing work in the context of extreme states of matter.This special issue presents eight articles from scientists actively working in this field and shows the important advances that have been made in basic atomic processes and related areas of plasma properties and plasma diagnosis over the last few years.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11574244 for G.Y.G.)the XJTU Research Fund for AI Science (Grant No.2025YXYC011 for G.Y.G.)the Hong Kong Global STEM Professorship Scheme (for X.C.Z.)。
文摘Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely oriented.Using NbOCl_(2) monolayer with competing ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases as a 2D material platform,we demonstrate the emergence of intrinsic antiferroelectricity in NbOCl_(2) monolayer under experimentally accessible shear strain,along with new functionality associated with electric field-induced AFE-to-FE phase transition.Specifically,the complex configuration space accommodating FE and AFE phases,polarization switching kinetics,and finite temperature thermodynamic properties of 2D NbOCl_(2) are all accurately predicted by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations based on deep learning interatomic potential model.Moreover,room temperature stable antiferroelectricity with low polarization switching barrier and one-dimensional collinear polarization arrangement is predicted in shear-deformed NbOCl_(2) monolayer.The transition from AFE to FE phase in 2D NbOCl_(2) can be triggered by a low critical electric field,leading to a double polarization–electric(P–E)loop with small hysteresis.A new type of optoelectronic device composed of AFE-NbOCl_(2) is proposed,enabling electric“writing”and nonlinear optical“reading”logical operation with fast operation speed and low power consumption.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.3252013)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0300402)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61673041)Key Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021B0101410005)。
文摘Atomic spin gyroscopes are promising candidates for next-generation inertial navigation due to extremely high theoretical precision,relatively small size among atomic gyroscopes,and promising potential for miniaturization.In particular,the spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)atomic gyroscope relies on optical pumping to polarize atoms,enabling rotation sensing through the Faraday optical rotation angle(FORA).However,fluctuations in atomic density introduce systematic errors in FORA measurements,limiting long-term stability.We present a data-driven decoupling method that isolates atomic density fluctuations from the FORA signal by modeling spatially resolved light absorption in the vapor cell.The model accounts for the spatial distribution of spin polarization in the pump-light interaction volume,density-dependent relaxation rates,wall-induced relaxation,and polarization diffusion,and is implemented within a finite-element framework.Compared to the conventional Lambert-Beer law,which assumes one-dimensional homogeneity,our approach captures the full threedimensional density and polarization distribution,significantly improving the accuracy of light absorption modeling.The resulting absorption-density maps are used to train a feedforward neural network,yielding a high-precision estimator for atomic density fluctuations.This estimator enables the construction of a decoupling equation that separates the density contribution from the FORA signal.Experimental validation shows that this method improves the bias instability atσ(100 s)of the gyroscope was improved by 73.1%compared to traditional platinum-resistance-based stabilization.The proposed framework is general and can be extended to other optical pumping-based sensors,such as optically pumped magnetometers.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1502802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2092,22202213,22402210,22502215,22502214,22572200,and 22579171)+4 种基金the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(172GJHZ2022028MI)the Shenyang Bureau of Science and Technology(24-213-3-25)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2025BS0153)Zhongke Technology Achievement Transfer and Transformation Center of Henan Province 2025119The XAS experiments were conducted in Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility(BSRF)and Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF).
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have demonstrated excellent performance in heterogeneous catalytic reactions owing to their maximized atomic efficiency,distinctive geometric,and electronic configurations.However,the efficacy of SACs remains limited for certain reactions requiring simultaneous activation of multiple reactants over metallic active sites.Herein,we report an atomically dispersed Pt1Ru1 dual-atom pair site anchored on nanodiamond@graphene(ND@G)for CO oxidation.The Pt1Ru1 dual-atom catalyst shows an exceptional turnover frequency(TOF)of 17.6.10^(-2)s^(-1)at significantly lower temperature(30℃),achieving a tenfold increase in TOF compared to singleatom Pt1/ND@G catalyst(1.5.10^(-2)s^(-1))and surpassing to previously reported Pt-based catalysts under similar conditions.Moreover,the catalyst demonstrates excellent stability,maintaining its activity for 40 h at 80℃without significant deactivation.The superior catalytic performance of Pt-Ru dual-atom catalysts is attributed to the synergistic effect between Pt and Ru atoms with enhanced metallicity for improving simultaneous adsorption and activation of CO and O_(2),and the tuning of conventional competitive reactant adsorption into a non-competitive pathway over dual-atom pair sites.The present work manifests the advantages of dual-atom pair sites in heterogeneous catalysis and paves the way for precise design of catalysts at the atomic scale.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1400403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374183,92165205)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20233001)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302800)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.020414380207).
文摘Interplay between topology and magnetism can give rise to exotic properties in topological materials.Two-dimensional bismuth has been extensively studied owing to its topological states with a strong spin-orbit coupling,and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer theoretically predicted to host an intrinsic magnetism as experimentally suggested.In this work,we successfully constructed a vertical heterostructure composed of the two-dimensional Bi(110)monolayer and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer by using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).Scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)measurements revealed that the growth of Bi preferably occurs along the step edges of the VTe_(2)monolayer,forming a Bi(110)monolayer on top of the VTe_(2)monolayer next to a peripheral Bi bilayer.The Bi(100)/VTe_(2)heterostructure exhibits a specific lattice registry with a well-defined moiréperiodicity.Scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS)measurements further unveiled an universal suppression in the local density-of-states at the boundary of the Bi(110)/VTe_(2)bilayer.By examining the atomic structures of Bi(110)boundaries,we found this effect does not originate from the previously proposed atomic reconstruction at the step edge of Bi(110),but is likely related to the magnetic properties of the VTe_(2)monolayer.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2023GXJS165)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52164028,22109035,52274297)+2 种基金the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea(Hainan University,MRUKF2021029)the Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)-20008,20084,21170)the Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province。
文摘The development of catalysts with highly efficient oxygen evolution performance and low-Ir loading is key to scaling up the application of proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis technology.Here,an Ir-skin catalyst(Ir@KM)is realized on a potassium-manganese oxide(K_(0.25)MnO_(x)(KM))using an ion-exchange method.The Ir-skin over the prepared Ir@KM has a low Ir-Ir atomic distance,endowing an energetically favorable oxide path mechanism to allow a low theoretical overpotential of 0.13 V.Ir@KM offers a low overpotential of~280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and provides a high mass activity of up to 18,500 A at a cell voltage of 1.8 V in PEM,which is 17.6 times higher than that of IrO_(2),demonstrating a significant advantage in reducing the cost of the membrane electrode.The presented Ir-skin concept represents a promising strategy to fabricate low-Ir catalyst with high activity and durability for practical applications of PEM.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22473105 and 22341302).
文摘This study uses all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dislocation propagation, stress transmission, and mechanical properties in poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers under uniaxial tension. The results indicate that the dislocation propagates and the stress transfers not only along the fiber axis but also between adjacent molecular chains through hydrogen bonds, demonstrating their influence on the yield behavior. As the degree of polymerization increases, breakage of covalent bonds and interchain slippage contribute to the yield of fibers together. This work provides theoretical guidance for the design and manufacturing of high-performance fibers.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23B20165 and 52170085)National Key R&D Program International Cooperation Project(No.2023YFE0108100)+1 种基金Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.21JCZDJC00320)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University.
文摘Chlorinated antibiotics pose great challenges in efficient removal,while for the first time,this work greatly enhanced their electrocatalytic dechlorination performance by construction of non-noble metal Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunctions to improve process cost-effectiveness.The Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction demonstrated an effective removal of 93.6%thiamphenicol(TAP)within 45 min,with the rate constant(0.0584 min^(-1))that was 2.4 and 2.8 times that of Co_(3)O_(4) and g-C_(3)N_(4) alone,respectively.The formation of heterojunctions facilitated electron transfer,enriched the electron density on Co_(3)O_(4),and enhanced the adsorption of pollutants as well as the desorption of degradation intermediates.The enhanced production of atomic hydrogen(H*)of Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4),which increased by 13.6-28.2 times,contributed more to pollutant removal(64.0%),much higher than that of Co_(3)O_(4)(37.3%)and g-C_(3)N_(4)(6.1%).The energy barrier for H_(2) formation on Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)(0.75 eV)was higher than that on Co_(3)O_(4)(-1.84 eV),supporting that it could stabilize H*and inhibit the formation of H_(2).The Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction exhibited stable performance with less impact by pH and co-existing ions,and posed effectiveness for the dechlorination of typical chlorinated antibiotics.This study offers an efficient and sustainable strategy for constructing heterojunctions to enhance the performance of non-noble metal catalysts in electrocatalytic dechlorination.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52204335 and 52374319)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.52174291)the Central Universities Foundation of China(No.06500170)。
文摘The experiment explored the Fe_(2)O_(3) reduction process with H_(2)/CO mixed gas and confirmed a promoting effect from CO when its volume proportion in mixed gas is 20% at 850℃.The ReaxFF molecular dynamics(MD)simulation method was used to observe the reduction process and provide an atomic-level explanation.The accuracy of the parameters used in the simulation was verified by the density functional theory(DFT)calculation.The simulation shows that the initial reduction rate of H_(2) is much faster than that of CO(from 800 to 950℃).As the reduction proceeds,cementite,obtained after CO participates in the reduction at 850℃,will appear on the iron surface.Due to the active properties of C atoms in cementite,they are easy to further react with the O atoms in Fe_(2)O_(3).The generation of internal CO may destroy the dense structure of the surface layer,thereby affecting the overall reduction swelling of Fe_(2)O_(3).However,excess CO is detrimental to the reaction rate,mainly because of the poor thermodynamic conditions of CO in the temperature range and the molecular diffusion capacity is not as good as that of H_(2).Furthermore,the surface structures obtained after H_(2) and CO reduction have been compared,and it was found that the structure obtained by CO reduction has a larger surface area,thus promoting the sub sequent reaction of H_(2).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62275075)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Soliton Research Association(Grant No.2025HBSRA09)+1 种基金joint supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Xianning of China(Grant Nos.2025AFD401 and 2025AFD405)Israel Science Foundation(Grant No.1695/22).
文摘We propose a theoretical framework,based on the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation(GPE),for the investigation of vortex solitons(VSs)in hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the stimulated Raman-induced photoassociation and square-optical-lattice potential.Stationary solutions of the coupled GPE system are obtained by means of the imaginary-time integration,while the temporal dynamics are simulated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm.The analysis reveals stable rhombus-shaped VS shapes with topological charges m=1 and 2 of the atomic component.The stability domains and spatial structure of these VSs are governed by three key parameters:the parametric-coupling strength(χ),atomicmolecular interaction strength(g_(12)),and the optical-lattice potential depth(V_(0)).By varyingχand g_(12),we demonstrate a structural transition where four-core rhombus-shaped VSs evolve into eight-core square-shaped modes,highlighting the nontrivial nonlinear dynamics of the system.This work establishes a connection between interactions of cold atoms and topologically structured matter waves in hybrid quantum systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51375328)
文摘In this study, 6061 aluminum alloy and AZ31 B magnesium alloy composite plate was fabricated through explosive welding. Molecular dynamics（MD） simulations were conducted to investigate atomic diffusion behavior at bonding interface in the AI/Mg composite plate. Corresponding experiments were conducted to validate the simulation results. The results show that diffusion coefficient of Mg atom is larger than that of A1 atom and the difference between these two coefficients becomes smaller with increasing collision velocity. The diffusion coefficient was found to depend on collision velocity and angle. It increases linearly with collision velocity when the collision angle is maintained constant at 10° and decreases linearly with collision angle when the collision velocity is maintained constantly at 440 m/s. Based on our MD simulation results and Fick＇s second law, a mathematical formula to calculate the thickness of diffusion layer was proposed and its validity was verified by relevant experiments. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive system were also used to investigate the atomic diffusion behavior at the bonding interface in the explosively welded 6061/AZ31B composite plate. The results show that there were obvious Al and Mg atom diffusion at the bonding interface,and the diffusion of magnesium atoms from magnesium alloy plate to aluminum alloy plate occurs much faster than the diffusion of aluminum atoms to the magnesium alloy plate. These findings from the current study can help to optimize the explosive welding process.
文摘One of the major tasks in a molecular dynamics （MD） simulation is the selection of adequate potential functions, from which forces are derived. If the potentials do not model the behaviour of the atoms correctly, the results produced from the simulation would be useless. Three popular potentials, namely, Lennard-Jones （L J）, Morse, and embedded-atom method （EAM） potentials, were employed to model copper workpiece and diamond tool in nanometric machining. From the simulation results and further analysis, the EAM potential was found to be the most suitable of the three potentials. This is because it best describes the metallic bonding of the copper atoms; it demonstrated the lowest cutting force variation, and the potential energy is most stable for the EAM.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10174050 and 10374029）, the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10434060）, and by the Shanghai Priority Academic Discipline and the 211 Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘We investigate the diffraction characteristics of an incident Gaussian beam cut by a straight edge bounding a semi-infinite opaque plane using Kirchhoff scalar wave theory in the Fresnel limit, and propose a new and simple mirror scheme to reflect atoms by using the intensity gradient induced by a blue-detuned semi-Gaussian laser beam. The optical potential of the diffracted light of the knife-cut semi-Gaussian beam for 85 Rb atom and its spontaneous emission probability are calculated and compared with the performance of the evanescent-wave mirror. Our study shows that the optical potential of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian beam is far higher than that of the evanescent light wave, and the maximum normal velocity of the incident atoms can be far greater than that of the evanescent light wave under the same parameters, so the blue-detuned semioGaussian beam, as a novel atomic mirror, can be used to efficiently reflect cold atoms with a normal velocity of greater than 1 m/s. However, the intensity gradient （force） of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian-beam is much smaller than that of the evanescent light wave, so its spontaneous emission probability is greater than that from the evanescent-wave when the normal velocity of incident atoms is greater.
基金supported by the Pre-research fund(No.412130024).
文摘The T_(1)(Al_(2) CuLi)phase is one of the most effective strengthening nanoscale-precipitate in Al-Cu alloys with Li.However,its formation and evolution still need to be further clarified during aging due to the complex precipitation sequences.Here,a detailed investigation has been carried out on the atomic struc-tural evolution of T_(1) precipitate in an aged Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag alloy using state-of-the-art Cs-corrected high-angle annular dark field(HAADF)-coupled with integrated differential phase contrast(iDPC)-scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDXS)techniques.An intermediate T_(1)’phase between T_(1p) and T_(1) phase,with a crystal structure and orientation rela-tionship consistent with T_(1),but exhibiting different atomic occupancy and chemical composition was found.We observed the atomic structural transformation from T_(1p) to T_(1)’phase(fcc→hcp),involving only 1/12<112>Al shear component.DFT calculation results validated our proposed structural models and the precipitation sequence.Besides,the distributions of minor solute elements(Ag,Mg,and Zn)in the pre-cipitates exhibited significant differences.These findings may contribute to a further understanding of the nucleation mechanism of T_(1) precipitate.
基金Project supported by the Science Challenge Project,China(Grant No.TZ2016003-1-105)the CAEP Microsystem and THz Science and Technology Foundation,China(Grant No.CAEPMT201501).
文摘Understanding hydrogen diffusion in amorphous SiO2(a-SiO2),especially under strain,is of prominent importance for improving the reliability of semiconducting devices,such as metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors.In this work,the diffusion of hydrogen atom in a-SiO2 under strain is simulated by using molecular dynamics(MD)with the ReaxFF force field.A defect-free a-SiO2 atomic model,of which the local structure parameters accord well with the experimental results,is established.Strain is applied by using the uniaxial tensile method,and the values of maximum strain,ultimate strength,and Young's modulus of the a-SiO2 model under different tensile rates are calculated.The diffusion of hydrogen atom is simulated by MD with the ReaxFF,and its pathway is identified to be a series of hops among local energy minima.Moreover,the calculated diffusivity and activation energy show their dependence on strain.The diffusivity is substantially enhanced by the tensile strain at a low temperature(below 500 K),but reduced at a high temperature(above 500 K).The activation energy decreases as strain increases.Our research shows that the tensile strain can have an influence on hydrogen transportation in a-SiO2,which may be utilized to improve the reliability of semiconducting devices.
基金by Ningxia Higher Educational Program for Excellent Youth(No.NGY2016064).H.Bai also thanks the financial supports from Key R&D Projects of Ningxia(No.2018BCE01002)National Academic Subjects Construction Project of Ningxia(Chemical Engineering and Technology,NXYLXK2017A04).
文摘In this work,the coal samples from Hongshiwan(HSW)mining area,Ningxia,northwest of China,are characterized by using several modern materials characterization techniques,such as proximate and ultimate analyses,solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C NMR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Then the key information about elements,valence,and chemical bonding for coal molecular structural construction is obtained.The results reveal that the main structure of HSW coal has 75.96%aromatic skeleton in mass.The ratio of aromatic bridge carbon to aromatic peripheral carbon of HSW coal is 0.315,indicating more naphthalene than benzene and anthracene in coal structures.Oxygen predominantly presents in the forms of ether(C–O),carbonyl(C=O)and carboxyl(–COO).Nitrogen presents in the forms of both pyridine and pyrrole.Methyl(–CH_(3))group is predominant in cyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.Based on obtained structural information and the approaches of average molecular structure,the single molecular formula of HSW coal is defined as C_(221)H_(148)O_(28)N_(2),with a molecular weight of 3142.32.Also,the 2D and 3D molecular model of HSW coal are built with computeraided modeling.The model is optimized and further verified by FT-IR and^(13)C NMR spectra simulation with quantum chemical calculations.Besides,a more complicated structure of complex model for HSW coal containing 10 single-molecules is also obtained.Therefore,molecular structure of HSW coal has been comprehensively depicted and understood at atomic level from both experimental and quantum chemical approaches in the current work.
基金financially supported by the Key Laboratory of Carbon-based Energy Molecular Chemical Utilization Technology in Guizhou Province(No.2023008)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(No.ZKZD2023004)+1 种基金One Hundred Person Project of Guizhou Province(No.GCC 2023013)Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents Team Project of Guizhou Province(No.CXTD2023029).
文摘Metal-based catalysts are prevalent in the CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol owing to their remarkable catalytic activity.Herein,Ru/In_(2)O_(3) catalysts with different morphologies obtained by doping Ru into In_(2)O_(3) with irregular,rod-like,and flower-like morphologies are used for catalytic CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol.Results indicate that the flower-like Ru/In_(2)O_(3)(Ru/In_(2)O_(3)-F)exhibits higher catalytic performance than Ru/In_(2)O_(3) with other morphologies,achieving a 12.9%CO_(2) conversion,74.02%methanol selectivity,and 671.36 mg_(MeOH) h^(−1) g_(cat)^(−1) methanol spatiotemporal yield.Furthermore,Ru/In_(2)O_(3)-F maintains its catalytic stability over 200 h at 5 MPa and 290℃.The promotional effect mainly stems from the fact that electronic structure of Ru can be effectively adjusted by modulating the morphology of In_(2)O_(3).The strong interaction between atomically dispersed Ru and In_(2)O_(3)-F enhances the structural stability of Ru,inhibiting the agglomeration of the catalyst during the reaction process.Furthermore,density-functional theory calculations reveal that highly dispersed Ru atoms not only perform efficient and rapid electronic gain and loss processes,facilitating the catalytic activation of H_(2) into H intermediates.It also enables the generated reactive H to rapidly overflow to the surrounding In sites to participate in CO_(2) reduction.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-performance catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation.
基金partial support from the National Science Foundation(No.2132578)the financial research support of the Chancellor's Fund from the University of Arkansas,Fayetteville,AR,USA。
文摘Currently,there has an ever-growing interest in layered LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(z)O_(2)(NMCs,x+y+z=1)cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and lithium metal batteries(LMBs),due to their low cost and high capacity.However,they still suffer from a series of issues,such as Li/Ni cation mixing,irreversible phase transition,and transition metal dissolution.These issues result in severe capacity degradation and limited cyclability of NMCs.Recently,atomic and molecular layer deposition(ALD and MLD)have emerged as a novel tool to tackle these issues,featuring their unique capabilities to fine-tailor NMCs'surfaces for stable interfaces and improved electrochemical performance in LIBs and LMBs.In this review,we specially summarize the recent advances of different ALD and MLD coatings on NMCs and discuss their working mechanisms.We expect that this review will stimulate more efforts to further develop better NMCs using novel ALD/MLD coatings.
基金The project partly supported by TEPCO Research Foundation
文摘Atomic and molecular processes relevant to the volumetric recombinationphenomena were investigated in a linear divertor plasma simulator MAP-Ⅱ. Volumetric recombinationis induced in He plasma by puffing of He or H_2. In the He puffing case, the reduction of the ionflux is dominated by the electron-ion recombination. In the H_2 puffing case, however, it isdominated by the molecule-assisted recombination (MAR), which is characterized by the disappearanceof the Helium Rydberg spectra and by the existence of the hydrogen negative ions. Currentachievement and the future prospect are described.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaAcademia Sinicathe Smithsonian Institution.
文摘We present our theoretical study in electronic structures of molecular Rydberg states for some diatomic molecules along the second row in the periodic table which involve binding between atomic 2s and 2p valence orbitals.
文摘INTRODUCTION The articles in the“Atomic and molecular physics for controlled fusion and astrophysics”special issue cover a wide range of topics in atomic and molecular physics in the context of hot plasmas.Basic atomic processes are of fundamental importance in confinement fusion and astrophysical environments,and also for ultrahigh–intensity interaction of lasers with matter.Atomic physics in extreme environments such as high pressures and hot or dense plasmas^(1,2)presents new challenges to the community,and these have to be addressed by both theoretical and experimental studies.Several extreme configurations are investigated in this special issue,which should be understood as an initiative to draw the attention of the community to important ongoing work in the context of extreme states of matter.This special issue presents eight articles from scientists actively working in this field and shows the important advances that have been made in basic atomic processes and related areas of plasma properties and plasma diagnosis over the last few years.
