We experimentally demonstrate multiple frequency conversion via atomic spin coherence of storing a light pulse in a doped solid. The essence of this multiple frequency conversion is four-wave mixing based on stored at...We experimentally demonstrate multiple frequency conversion via atomic spin coherence of storing a light pulse in a doped solid. The essence of this multiple frequency conversion is four-wave mixing based on stored atomic spin coherence. Through electromagnetically induced transparency, an input probe pulse is stored into atomic spin coherence by modulating the intensity of the control field. By using two different control fields to interact with the coherently prepared medium, the stored atomic spin coherence can be transformed into three different information channels. Multiple frequency conversion is implemented efficiently by manipulating the spectra of the control fields to scatter atomic spin coherence. This multiple frequency conversion is expected to have potential applications in information processing and communication network.展开更多
This paper investigates the atomic spin polarization controllability of spin-exchange relaxation-free co-magnetometers(SERFCMs).This is the first work in the field of controllability analysis for the atomic spin ensem...This paper investigates the atomic spin polarization controllability of spin-exchange relaxation-free co-magnetometers(SERFCMs).This is the first work in the field of controllability analysis for the atomic spin ensembles systems,whose dynamic behaviors of spin polarization are described by the Bloch equations.Based on the Bloch equations,a state-space model of the atomic spin polarization for SERFCM is first established,which belongs to a particular class of nonlinear systems.For this class of nonlinear systems,a novel determination method for the global state controllability is proposed and proved.Then,this method is implemented in the process of controllability analysis on the atomic spin polarization of an actual SERFCM.Moreover,a theoretically feasible and reasonable solution of the control input is proposed under some physical constraints,with whose limitation of realistic conditions,the controller design can be accomplished more practically and more exactly.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and validation of the proposed controllability determination method.展开更多
Taking into account the dephasing process in the realistic atomic ensemble,we theoretically study the generation of atomic spin squeezing via atomic coherence induced by the coupling and probe fields.Using the Heisenb...Taking into account the dephasing process in the realistic atomic ensemble,we theoretically study the generation of atomic spin squeezing via atomic coherence induced by the coupling and probe fields.Using the Heisenberg–Langevin approach,we find that the perfect spin squeezing in the X component can be obtained while the coupling and probe fields produce the maximum coherence between the ground state sublevels 1 and 2.Moreover,the degree of atomic spin squeezing in the X component can be strengthened with the increasing atomic density and/or Rabi frequency of the mixing field.The theoretical results provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of generating the atomic spin squeezing via quantum coherence in the realistic atomic ensemble which may find potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum networks.展开更多
The powerful light field manipulation capability of metasurfaces offers a novel development perspective for the quantum precision measurement.By applying the phasegradient metasurface(PGM)to atomic magnetometers(AMs),...The powerful light field manipulation capability of metasurfaces offers a novel development perspective for the quantum precision measurement.By applying the phasegradient metasurface(PGM)to atomic magnetometers(AMs),we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a new type of compact single-beam elliptically polarized atomic magnetometers(EPAMs).Employing the fabricated chiral beam splitter PGM with high cross-polarization transmittance,a new atomic spin chirality detection method was devised,enabling the ultra-high sensitivity for extremely weak magnetic field measurement and achieving a high sensitivity of 2.67 pT/Hz^(1/2)under an external magnetic field of approximately 10,000 nT.The new AMs combine the pumping and probing polarized light,achieving a compact design.The fabricated PGM has a size of only 3 mm×3 mm×0.7 mm,which is beneficial for the miniaturization and integration of AMs.This work effectively expands the application of metasurfaces in the field of quantum precision measurement,and also provides a new viewpoint for the design and development of high-sensitivity and miniaturized AMs.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the principles of magnetic and optical control in thermal atomic spin ensembles,as well as recent advances and applications in quantum precision measurement.As a practical...This paper provides a comprehensive review of the principles of magnetic and optical control in thermal atomic spin ensembles,as well as recent advances and applications in quantum precision measurement.As a practical macroscopic quantum system,thermal atomic spin ensembles have emerged as a key platform for next-generation quantum sensors due to their exceptional sensitivity,accuracy,and scalability.The review emphasizes how magneto-optical modulation techniques can be employed to extract real-time information about spin dynamics and system states,thereby generating high-quality observables that serve as the foundation for advanced control strategies such as feedback regulation,quantum state estimation,and pulsed manipulation.These techniques are shown to play a crucial role in enhancing measurement sensitivity,dynamic response and long-term stability.In addition,the incorporation of modern control theories,including closed-loop feedback and Kalman filter,has facilitated real-time optimization of atomic spin dynamics,unlocking new levels of sensitivity across a range of applications such as atomic magnetometers,co-magnetometers,inertial sensors,and microwave masers.This paper systematically discusses the synergistic interplay of modulation,measurement,and control in thermal spin ensembles,exploring its potential across a wide range of scientific and engineering applications.These technological advances provide a solid foundation for ultra-sensitive magnetic field detection and show promising prospects in frontier fields such as dark matter detection and gravitational wave observation.Looking ahead,such innovations are expected to further drive the miniaturization and integration of quantum sensors,significantly expanding their utility across disciplines.展开更多
We propose a high-sensitivity spin polarization detection scheme based on optical amplitude modulation in atomic co-magnetometers,which is different from the traditional configuration.A linearly polarized laser with i...We propose a high-sensitivity spin polarization detection scheme based on optical amplitude modulation in atomic co-magnetometers,which is different from the traditional configuration.A linearly polarized laser with intensity modulation interacts with electron spins,generating optical rotation angles.Through differential amplification and demodulation,atomic spin polarization information is extracted with high precision.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by applying external perturbations during testing.Compared to traditional detection methods,the proposed approach effectively enhances inertial measurement sensitivity.Specifically,at 1 Hz,the measurement sensitivity has improved from9.7×10^(-6)to 3.25×10^(-6)deg/(s Hz^(1/2)).Furthermore,the proposed scheme is easily integrable and conducive to future research on miniaturizing co-magnetometers and can also be applied to many other related fields.展开更多
A research team led by Prof.YANG Kai at the Institute of Physics(IOP),Chinese Academy of Sciences,in collaboration with Prof.FERNÁNDEZ-ROSSIER Joaquín from International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory,has...A research team led by Prof.YANG Kai at the Institute of Physics(IOP),Chinese Academy of Sciences,in collaboration with Prof.FERNÁNDEZ-ROSSIER Joaquín from International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory,has demonstrated all-electrical control of quantum interference in individual atomic spins on a surface,opening new possibilities for fast and robust quantum-state manipulation at the atomic scale.展开更多
Over the past few decades, spin detection and manipulation at the atomic scale using scanning tunneling microcopy has matured, which has opened the possibility of realizing spin-based functional devices with single at...Over the past few decades, spin detection and manipulation at the atomic scale using scanning tunneling microcopy has matured, which has opened the possibility of realizing spin-based functional devices with single atoms and molecules.This article reviews the principle of spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and inelastic tunneling spectroscopy,which are used to measure the static spin structure and dynamic spin excitation, respectively. Recent progress will be presented, including complex spin structure, magnetization of single atoms and molecules, as well as spin excitation of single atoms, clusters, and molecules. Finally, progress in the use of spin polarized tunneling current to manipulate an atomic magnet is discussed.展开更多
A novel Ni_(30)Cr_(25)Al_(15)Co_(15)Mo_(5)Ti_(5)Y_(5) high-entropy alloy(HEA)coating was irradiated to optimize its internal structure via laser after supersonic particle deposition(SPD).Owing to the high energy densi...A novel Ni_(30)Cr_(25)Al_(15)Co_(15)Mo_(5)Ti_(5)Y_(5) high-entropy alloy(HEA)coating was irradiated to optimize its internal structure via laser after supersonic particle deposition(SPD).Owing to the high energy density of the laser and large temperature gradient,the crystallization process of the molecules and atoms in the coating was restrained and supercooling occurred.Experimental results showed that a considerable number of nano-crystal grains precipitated and amorphous structures were formed because of the random orientation of the crystals.The baseline of differential scanning calorimetry scans obtained for the coating started to shift at the Tg of 939.37℃ and a step was observed.Multiple dispersion peaks and lattice fringes indicated that the nucleation of the irradiated laser-induced topology optimized(LTO)coating was incomplete.The laser-induced topology optimizing treatment led to quasi-isotropy in the SPD coating.Furthermore,the LTO coating exhibited a residual stress of 18.4 MPa,stress-strain response,and fatigue limit of 265 MPa.Hence,the LTO coating exhibited higher performance than the unirradiated SPD coating.The Nyquist and Bode electrochemical impedance spectra of the LTO coating,including two relaxation processes,indicated that the corrosion process steadily recovered to the equilibrium state.This implies that the uniform oxidation passivation layer on the surface of the LTO coating insulated the material from the corrosive medium,protecting the substrate from further corrosion,thus enhancing the structural security of the material for use in super-intense laser facility applications.展开更多
Quantum navigation,based on the principles of quantum mechanics,holds transformative potential for future positioning,navigation,and timing(PNT)systems.Compared to traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)...Quantum navigation,based on the principles of quantum mechanics,holds transformative potential for future positioning,navigation,and timing(PNT)systems.Compared to traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),quantum navigation offers superior precision and robustness,particularly in challenging environments such as deep-sea exploration,space missions,and military applications where signal disruptions are common.This paper systematically reviews the fundamental principles of quantum navigation devices,tracing their research and development progress while analyzing the technical challenges and limitations faced in current studies.Quantum inertial measurement devices play a pivotal role in these systems,including atom interferometer gyroscopes and accelerometers,spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)atomic spin gyroscopes,nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes(NMRGs),and nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center-based sensors.These devices exploit quantum phenomena such as atom interference,spin precession,and quantum coherence to achieve unprecedented sensitivity in measuring angular velocity,acceleration,and gravitational forces.Each of these technologies presents unique advantages in terms of precision and long-term stability,offering potential breakthroughs in autonomous navigation.Furthermore,the paper explores future directions for quantum navigation,identifying key obstacles such as environmental noise,miniaturization challenges,and the high costs associated with quantum sensors.Finally,it emphasizes the critical importance of quantum state preparation,protection,manipulation,and detection.Effective control over these processes will determine the success of quantum navigation systems in providing reliable,highly accurate solutions across a wide range of complex operational environments.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB921603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11374126,11347137,11404336,and 11204103)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2013T60317)the National Fund for Fostering Talents of Basic Science,China(Grant No.J1103202)
文摘We experimentally demonstrate multiple frequency conversion via atomic spin coherence of storing a light pulse in a doped solid. The essence of this multiple frequency conversion is four-wave mixing based on stored atomic spin coherence. Through electromagnetically induced transparency, an input probe pulse is stored into atomic spin coherence by modulating the intensity of the control field. By using two different control fields to interact with the coherently prepared medium, the stored atomic spin coherence can be transformed into three different information channels. Multiple frequency conversion is implemented efficiently by manipulating the spectra of the control fields to scatter atomic spin coherence. This multiple frequency conversion is expected to have potential applications in information processing and communication network.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61673041,62003022)the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science Research Program(Y18G34)。
文摘This paper investigates the atomic spin polarization controllability of spin-exchange relaxation-free co-magnetometers(SERFCMs).This is the first work in the field of controllability analysis for the atomic spin ensembles systems,whose dynamic behaviors of spin polarization are described by the Bloch equations.Based on the Bloch equations,a state-space model of the atomic spin polarization for SERFCM is first established,which belongs to a particular class of nonlinear systems.For this class of nonlinear systems,a novel determination method for the global state controllability is proposed and proved.Then,this method is implemented in the process of controllability analysis on the atomic spin polarization of an actual SERFCM.Moreover,a theoretically feasible and reasonable solution of the control input is proposed under some physical constraints,with whose limitation of realistic conditions,the controller design can be accomplished more practically and more exactly.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and validation of the proposed controllability determination method.
文摘Taking into account the dephasing process in the realistic atomic ensemble,we theoretically study the generation of atomic spin squeezing via atomic coherence induced by the coupling and probe fields.Using the Heisenberg–Langevin approach,we find that the perfect spin squeezing in the X component can be obtained while the coupling and probe fields produce the maximum coherence between the ground state sublevels 1 and 2.Moreover,the degree of atomic spin squeezing in the X component can be strengthened with the increasing atomic density and/or Rabi frequency of the mixing field.The theoretical results provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of generating the atomic spin squeezing via quantum coherence in the realistic atomic ensemble which may find potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan(“Jianbing and Lingyan”)project(Grant No.2024C01099)Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Non-Consensus Innovation Project(Grant No.F251046)+1 种基金National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Grant No.KZ37124001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42388101).
文摘The powerful light field manipulation capability of metasurfaces offers a novel development perspective for the quantum precision measurement.By applying the phasegradient metasurface(PGM)to atomic magnetometers(AMs),we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a new type of compact single-beam elliptically polarized atomic magnetometers(EPAMs).Employing the fabricated chiral beam splitter PGM with high cross-polarization transmittance,a new atomic spin chirality detection method was devised,enabling the ultra-high sensitivity for extremely weak magnetic field measurement and achieving a high sensitivity of 2.67 pT/Hz^(1/2)under an external magnetic field of approximately 10,000 nT.The new AMs combine the pumping and probing polarized light,achieving a compact design.The fabricated PGM has a size of only 3 mm×3 mm×0.7 mm,which is beneficial for the miniaturization and integration of AMs.This work effectively expands the application of metasurfaces in the field of quantum precision measurement,and also provides a new viewpoint for the design and development of high-sensitivity and miniaturized AMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62103026)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0300400,and 2021ZD0300402)+1 种基金the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(Grant No.61925301)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive review of the principles of magnetic and optical control in thermal atomic spin ensembles,as well as recent advances and applications in quantum precision measurement.As a practical macroscopic quantum system,thermal atomic spin ensembles have emerged as a key platform for next-generation quantum sensors due to their exceptional sensitivity,accuracy,and scalability.The review emphasizes how magneto-optical modulation techniques can be employed to extract real-time information about spin dynamics and system states,thereby generating high-quality observables that serve as the foundation for advanced control strategies such as feedback regulation,quantum state estimation,and pulsed manipulation.These techniques are shown to play a crucial role in enhancing measurement sensitivity,dynamic response and long-term stability.In addition,the incorporation of modern control theories,including closed-loop feedback and Kalman filter,has facilitated real-time optimization of atomic spin dynamics,unlocking new levels of sensitivity across a range of applications such as atomic magnetometers,co-magnetometers,inertial sensors,and microwave masers.This paper systematically discusses the synergistic interplay of modulation,measurement,and control in thermal spin ensembles,exploring its potential across a wide range of scientific and engineering applications.These technological advances provide a solid foundation for ultra-sensitive magnetic field detection and show promising prospects in frontier fields such as dark matter detection and gravitational wave observation.Looking ahead,such innovations are expected to further drive the miniaturization and integration of quantum sensors,significantly expanding their utility across disciplines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62103026)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Nos.2021ZD0300400 and 2021ZD0300402)the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.61925301)。
文摘We propose a high-sensitivity spin polarization detection scheme based on optical amplitude modulation in atomic co-magnetometers,which is different from the traditional configuration.A linearly polarized laser with intensity modulation interacts with electron spins,generating optical rotation angles.Through differential amplification and demodulation,atomic spin polarization information is extracted with high precision.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by applying external perturbations during testing.Compared to traditional detection methods,the proposed approach effectively enhances inertial measurement sensitivity.Specifically,at 1 Hz,the measurement sensitivity has improved from9.7×10^(-6)to 3.25×10^(-6)deg/(s Hz^(1/2)).Furthermore,the proposed scheme is easily integrable and conducive to future research on miniaturizing co-magnetometers and can also be applied to many other related fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Beijing Natural Science Foundationthe National Key R&D Program of China,and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘A research team led by Prof.YANG Kai at the Institute of Physics(IOP),Chinese Academy of Sciences,in collaboration with Prof.FERNÁNDEZ-ROSSIER Joaquín from International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory,has demonstrated all-electrical control of quantum interference in individual atomic spins on a surface,opening new possibilities for fast and robust quantum-state manipulation at the atomic scale.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11427902 and 11674063)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0300904)
文摘Over the past few decades, spin detection and manipulation at the atomic scale using scanning tunneling microcopy has matured, which has opened the possibility of realizing spin-based functional devices with single atoms and molecules.This article reviews the principle of spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and inelastic tunneling spectroscopy,which are used to measure the static spin structure and dynamic spin excitation, respectively. Recent progress will be presented, including complex spin structure, magnetization of single atoms and molecules, as well as spin excitation of single atoms, clusters, and molecules. Finally, progress in the use of spin polarized tunneling current to manipulate an atomic magnet is discussed.
基金supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20191036)the Foundation of Research Project of China (Grant No.JCKY 61420051911)。
文摘A novel Ni_(30)Cr_(25)Al_(15)Co_(15)Mo_(5)Ti_(5)Y_(5) high-entropy alloy(HEA)coating was irradiated to optimize its internal structure via laser after supersonic particle deposition(SPD).Owing to the high energy density of the laser and large temperature gradient,the crystallization process of the molecules and atoms in the coating was restrained and supercooling occurred.Experimental results showed that a considerable number of nano-crystal grains precipitated and amorphous structures were formed because of the random orientation of the crystals.The baseline of differential scanning calorimetry scans obtained for the coating started to shift at the Tg of 939.37℃ and a step was observed.Multiple dispersion peaks and lattice fringes indicated that the nucleation of the irradiated laser-induced topology optimized(LTO)coating was incomplete.The laser-induced topology optimizing treatment led to quasi-isotropy in the SPD coating.Furthermore,the LTO coating exhibited a residual stress of 18.4 MPa,stress-strain response,and fatigue limit of 265 MPa.Hence,the LTO coating exhibited higher performance than the unirradiated SPD coating.The Nyquist and Bode electrochemical impedance spectra of the LTO coating,including two relaxation processes,indicated that the corrosion process steadily recovered to the equilibrium state.This implies that the uniform oxidation passivation layer on the surface of the LTO coating insulated the material from the corrosive medium,protecting the substrate from further corrosion,thus enhancing the structural security of the material for use in super-intense laser facility applications.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.61925301).
文摘Quantum navigation,based on the principles of quantum mechanics,holds transformative potential for future positioning,navigation,and timing(PNT)systems.Compared to traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),quantum navigation offers superior precision and robustness,particularly in challenging environments such as deep-sea exploration,space missions,and military applications where signal disruptions are common.This paper systematically reviews the fundamental principles of quantum navigation devices,tracing their research and development progress while analyzing the technical challenges and limitations faced in current studies.Quantum inertial measurement devices play a pivotal role in these systems,including atom interferometer gyroscopes and accelerometers,spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)atomic spin gyroscopes,nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes(NMRGs),and nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center-based sensors.These devices exploit quantum phenomena such as atom interference,spin precession,and quantum coherence to achieve unprecedented sensitivity in measuring angular velocity,acceleration,and gravitational forces.Each of these technologies presents unique advantages in terms of precision and long-term stability,offering potential breakthroughs in autonomous navigation.Furthermore,the paper explores future directions for quantum navigation,identifying key obstacles such as environmental noise,miniaturization challenges,and the high costs associated with quantum sensors.Finally,it emphasizes the critical importance of quantum state preparation,protection,manipulation,and detection.Effective control over these processes will determine the success of quantum navigation systems in providing reliable,highly accurate solutions across a wide range of complex operational environments.
