The study of trace metals in the atmosphere and lake water is important due to their critical effects on humans, aquatic animals and the geochemical balance of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigat...The study of trace metals in the atmosphere and lake water is important due to their critical effects on humans, aquatic animals and the geochemical balance of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of trace metals in atmospheric and lake water samples during the rainy season （before and after precipitation） between November and December 2015. Typical methods of sample preparation for trace metal determination such as cloud point extraction, solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid- liquid micro-extraction are time-consuming and difficult to perform; therefore, there is a crucial need for development of more effective sample preparation procedure. A convection microwave assisted digestion procedure for extraction of trace metals was developed for use prior to inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometric determination. The result showed that metals like zinc （133.50-419.30 μg/m3） and aluminum （53.58-378.93 μg/m3） had higher concentrations in atmospheric samples as compared to lake samples before precipitation. On the other hand, the concentrations of zinc, aluminum, chromium and arsenic were significantly higher in lake samples after precipitation and lower in atmospheric samples. The relationship between physicochemical parameters （pH and turbidity） and heavy metal concentrations was investigated as well. Furthermore, enrichment factor analysis indicated that anthropogenic sources such as soil dust, biomass burning and fuel combustion influenced the metal concentrations in the atmosphere.展开更多
Atmospheric aerosol and rainwater samples collected in the different Western Pacific area were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation and proton induced X-ray emission to (1) determine the atmospheric concentrati...Atmospheric aerosol and rainwater samples collected in the different Western Pacific area were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation and proton induced X-ray emission to (1) determine the atmospheric concentrations of trace elements over the Western Pacific and (2) to esti mate the atmospheric deposition of trace elements and dust-soil material to this region. High abundance of pollutant and crustal elements relative to oceanic sources was observed. Some characteristics of marine atmosphere relating to long-range transport of crustal and anthropogenic elements from continent to the remote ocean are discussed. The total dust-soil particle mass is estimated to be 0. 066-1.2 μg/m￣3 over the Western Pacific Ocean areas. Atmospheric inputs of dust-soil particles control the marine particle concentrations of crustal elements. In addition, the characteristics of marine rain water are discussed.展开更多
Dear Colleagues, We would like to invite you to submit manuscripts to a special issue entitled ＂Current Research on Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases over the Polar Regions＂ of the Journal Advances in Polar Scie...Dear Colleagues, We would like to invite you to submit manuscripts to a special issue entitled ＂Current Research on Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases over the Polar Regions＂ of the Journal Advances in Polar Science （APS）. APS is an international, peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China （PRIC） and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration （CAA）. It is a quarterly journal published in March, June, September and December by Science Press of China and circulated internationally （ISSN 1674-9928, CN 31-2050/P）. Articles published in APS are free of charge with generous funding from PRIC. For more details, please visit the APS＇s websites. Thank you in advance for your consideration to submit manuscripts to this special issue, and we encourage you to share this announcement broadly with interested colleagues.展开更多
A topographic target light scattering-differential optical absorption spectroscopy （＇IbTaL-DOA~） system is de- veloped for measuring average concentrations along a known optical path and studying surface-near distr...A topographic target light scattering-differential optical absorption spectroscopy （＇IbTaL-DOA~） system is de- veloped for measuring average concentrations along a known optical path and studying surface-near distributions of atmospheric trace gases. The telescope of the ToTaL-DOAS system points to targets which are located at known dis- tances from the measurement device and illuminated by sunlight. Average concentrations with high spatial resolution can be retrieved by receiving sunlight reflected from the targets, A filed measurement of NO2 concentration is performed with the ToTaL-DOAS system in Shijiazhuang in the autumn of 2011. The measurement data are compared with con- centrations measured by the point monitoring technique at the same site. The results show that the ToTaL-DOAS system is sensitive to the variation of NO2 concentrations along the optical path.展开更多
The method for synthesis of corrected three-wavelengths spectrometers for trace gas components of atmo- sphere on the basis of development of mathematical model has been suggested. The classification table for possibl...The method for synthesis of corrected three-wavelengths spectrometers for trace gas components of atmo- sphere on the basis of development of mathematical model has been suggested. The classification table for possible structures of corrected spectrometers is considered. The synthesis allows to reveal some new variants for development of three-wavelength spectrometers for trace gas components of atmosphere. For experimental checkup of achieved theoretical results, a laboratory pattern of three-wavelength spectrome- ter is developed and tested.展开更多
The content of NO_2 in the atmosphere is one of the important factors for atmospheric environmental appreciation. An automatic solar spectrophotometer (ASS) system has been developed in order to observe the content of...The content of NO_2 in the atmosphere is one of the important factors for atmospheric environmental appreciation. An automatic solar spectrophotometer (ASS) system has been developed in order to observe the content of NO_2 in the atmosphere. The column content of atmospheric NO_2 has been obtained by use of radiative transfer equation and maximum resembled method, through the ground-based observation of direct solar radiative spectrum of 4470—4490. Some months' observations of NO_2 have been made in the suburbs of Beijing. The results have been discussed here.展开更多
High-spectral resolution infrared sounders on board satellites can measure atmospheric trace gases confined to the planetary boundary layer(PBL).However,their sensitivity to the PBL depends on the temperature differen...High-spectral resolution infrared sounders on board satellites can measure atmospheric trace gases confined to the planetary boundary layer(PBL).However,their sensitivity to the PBL depends on the temperature difference between the surface and the atmosphere,the so-called thermal contrast(TC).After reviewing the physical aspects of TC and how it drives measurement sensitivity,we characterize the global and temporal behavior of TC in clear-sky conditions.Combining land surface temperatures from the Copernicus Global Land Services dataset with air temperatures from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis v5,we obtain global monthly averages of TC at high spatial(31 km)and temporal(1 h)resolution.TCs are analyzed as a function of time of the day,time of the year,location and land cover.Daytime maxima are observed from 1130 to 1330 local time,from 5-10 K in winter to 10-30 K in summer.A large dependency on land cover type is observed,both in the magnitude of the daily variations,and in the seasonality.For bare soils,shrublands,sparse and herbaceous vegetation,a maximum is seen in summer with daily TC amplitudes over 30 K.In contrast,for forests,wetlands,and croplands,the seasonal maximum occurs in spring,with daily variations below 15 K.Nighttime TCs typically range between−5 and−10 K.Occasionally,very favorable nighttime measurement conditions occur during winter and autumn due to large temperature inversions.Throughout the paper,we illustrate important concepts by means of satellite observations of NH3 over the Po Valley(Italy).展开更多
基金supported by the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman under Universiti Research Grant(No.IPSR/RMC/UTARRF/C1-13/G03)
文摘The study of trace metals in the atmosphere and lake water is important due to their critical effects on humans, aquatic animals and the geochemical balance of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of trace metals in atmospheric and lake water samples during the rainy season （before and after precipitation） between November and December 2015. Typical methods of sample preparation for trace metal determination such as cloud point extraction, solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid- liquid micro-extraction are time-consuming and difficult to perform; therefore, there is a crucial need for development of more effective sample preparation procedure. A convection microwave assisted digestion procedure for extraction of trace metals was developed for use prior to inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometric determination. The result showed that metals like zinc （133.50-419.30 μg/m3） and aluminum （53.58-378.93 μg/m3） had higher concentrations in atmospheric samples as compared to lake samples before precipitation. On the other hand, the concentrations of zinc, aluminum, chromium and arsenic were significantly higher in lake samples after precipitation and lower in atmospheric samples. The relationship between physicochemical parameters （pH and turbidity） and heavy metal concentrations was investigated as well. Furthermore, enrichment factor analysis indicated that anthropogenic sources such as soil dust, biomass burning and fuel combustion influenced the metal concentrations in the atmosphere.
文摘Atmospheric aerosol and rainwater samples collected in the different Western Pacific area were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation and proton induced X-ray emission to (1) determine the atmospheric concentrations of trace elements over the Western Pacific and (2) to esti mate the atmospheric deposition of trace elements and dust-soil material to this region. High abundance of pollutant and crustal elements relative to oceanic sources was observed. Some characteristics of marine atmosphere relating to long-range transport of crustal and anthropogenic elements from continent to the remote ocean are discussed. The total dust-soil particle mass is estimated to be 0. 066-1.2 μg/m￣3 over the Western Pacific Ocean areas. Atmospheric inputs of dust-soil particles control the marine particle concentrations of crustal elements. In addition, the characteristics of marine rain water are discussed.
文摘Dear Colleagues, We would like to invite you to submit manuscripts to a special issue entitled ＂Current Research on Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases over the Polar Regions＂ of the Journal Advances in Polar Science （APS）. APS is an international, peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China （PRIC） and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration （CAA）. It is a quarterly journal published in March, June, September and December by Science Press of China and circulated internationally （ISSN 1674-9928, CN 31-2050/P）. Articles published in APS are free of charge with generous funding from PRIC. For more details, please visit the APS＇s websites. Thank you in advance for your consideration to submit manuscripts to this special issue, and we encourage you to share this announcement broadly with interested colleagues.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development of China (Grant No.2009AA063006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40905010)the Special Project of Environmental Nonprofit Industry Research,China (Grant No. 201109007)
文摘A topographic target light scattering-differential optical absorption spectroscopy （＇IbTaL-DOA~） system is de- veloped for measuring average concentrations along a known optical path and studying surface-near distributions of atmospheric trace gases. The telescope of the ToTaL-DOAS system points to targets which are located at known dis- tances from the measurement device and illuminated by sunlight. Average concentrations with high spatial resolution can be retrieved by receiving sunlight reflected from the targets, A filed measurement of NO2 concentration is performed with the ToTaL-DOAS system in Shijiazhuang in the autumn of 2011. The measurement data are compared with con- centrations measured by the point monitoring technique at the same site. The results show that the ToTaL-DOAS system is sensitive to the variation of NO2 concentrations along the optical path.
文摘The method for synthesis of corrected three-wavelengths spectrometers for trace gas components of atmo- sphere on the basis of development of mathematical model has been suggested. The classification table for possible structures of corrected spectrometers is considered. The synthesis allows to reveal some new variants for development of three-wavelength spectrometers for trace gas components of atmosphere. For experimental checkup of achieved theoretical results, a laboratory pattern of three-wavelength spectrome- ter is developed and tested.
文摘The content of NO_2 in the atmosphere is one of the important factors for atmospheric environmental appreciation. An automatic solar spectrophotometer (ASS) system has been developed in order to observe the content of NO_2 in the atmosphere. The column content of atmospheric NO_2 has been obtained by use of radiative transfer equation and maximum resembled method, through the ground-based observation of direct solar radiative spectrum of 4470—4490. Some months' observations of NO_2 have been made in the suburbs of Beijing. The results have been discussed here.
基金funding from the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific,Technical and Cultural Affairs(Prodex HIRS)the Air Liquide Foundation(TAPIR project)+3 种基金supported by the FED-tWIN project ARENBERG(“Assessing the Reactive Nitrogen Budget and Emissions at Regional and Global Scales”)funded through the Belgian Science Policy Office(BELSPO)supported by the Belgian F.R.S.-FNRSsupport from a FRIA(Fund for scientific Research in Industry and Agriculture)grant from the Belgian F.R.S-FNRS.
文摘High-spectral resolution infrared sounders on board satellites can measure atmospheric trace gases confined to the planetary boundary layer(PBL).However,their sensitivity to the PBL depends on the temperature difference between the surface and the atmosphere,the so-called thermal contrast(TC).After reviewing the physical aspects of TC and how it drives measurement sensitivity,we characterize the global and temporal behavior of TC in clear-sky conditions.Combining land surface temperatures from the Copernicus Global Land Services dataset with air temperatures from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis v5,we obtain global monthly averages of TC at high spatial(31 km)and temporal(1 h)resolution.TCs are analyzed as a function of time of the day,time of the year,location and land cover.Daytime maxima are observed from 1130 to 1330 local time,from 5-10 K in winter to 10-30 K in summer.A large dependency on land cover type is observed,both in the magnitude of the daily variations,and in the seasonality.For bare soils,shrublands,sparse and herbaceous vegetation,a maximum is seen in summer with daily TC amplitudes over 30 K.In contrast,for forests,wetlands,and croplands,the seasonal maximum occurs in spring,with daily variations below 15 K.Nighttime TCs typically range between−5 and−10 K.Occasionally,very favorable nighttime measurement conditions occur during winter and autumn due to large temperature inversions.Throughout the paper,we illustrate important concepts by means of satellite observations of NH3 over the Po Valley(Italy).
