Atmospheric microplastics(AMPs)can absorb and scatter radiation,which can be quantified by radiative forcing.Although the radiative forcing of AMPs is commonly positive at the global scale,regional environmental varia...Atmospheric microplastics(AMPs)can absorb and scatter radiation,which can be quantified by radiative forcing.Although the radiative forcing of AMPs is commonly positive at the global scale,regional environmental variables affect the radiative forcing of aerosols,potentially reversing its directions and causing opposite radiative impacts in the atmosphere.In this study,the total suspended particles were collected within one year in Tianjin,China,and the monthly average concentration of AMPs of 200.0-463.9 items/m^(3) was detected.Accordingly,the direct radiative forcing(DRF)of AMPs was calculated as0.03 to 0.03 W/m^(2) at the top of the atmosphere and0.09 to 0.72 W/m^(2) at the Earth's surface,respectively.The surface albedo significantly affects the direction of the DRF of AMPs.A low surface albedo leads to a cooling effect of AMPs in the atmosphere in Tianjin,while a high surface albedo causes a warming effect in the atmosphere.The DRF calculated under different surface albedo indicates that the potential impact of AMPs on atmospheric temperature is relatively complex.The temperature changes caused by AMPs in grassland and bare soil areas may be opposite to those in areas covered by snow and ice.展开更多
Polymers used as a commodity are prevalent as plastic products in day-to-day life globally.Mass production and mishandling of plastic waste turns out to produce contaminants in micro and nano size ranges.The life span...Polymers used as a commodity are prevalent as plastic products in day-to-day life globally.Mass production and mishandling of plastic waste turns out to produce contaminants in micro and nano size ranges.The life span of microplastics(MPs)constitutes a larger threat due to its existence in all spheres of earth.Their footprint and lifetime in environmental conditions is galactic,thus it is necessary to conduct a literature study and review on substantial sources,their distribution mechanisms and transformation process.MPs are formed under natural conditions by physical,chemical and biological forces.In this context,a comprehensive review on origin,deterioration,dispersion,sorption,motility,and settlement of MPs across ecosystems is evaluated.Major findings of review showed MPs have emerged in daily human food intake of about 0e1674 numbers/kg in salts and 52 particles/fish respectively.This review identifies that environmental concentration of MPs increases rapidly with one or more sources identified every year.This review enhances understanding of widespread distribution of MPs and potential health threats to human due to their abundance and size.Further,the number of research on plastic alternative products and additives for mitigating plastic pollution is less.Thus,this review also emphasizes the key aspects of focus to conduct research towards evidence based human health studies of MPs and developing effective strategies in mitigating plastics.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077336)the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research(CRRP2019-FP06-WANG)+1 种基金the 111 Program of the Ministry of Education,China(T2017002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘Atmospheric microplastics(AMPs)can absorb and scatter radiation,which can be quantified by radiative forcing.Although the radiative forcing of AMPs is commonly positive at the global scale,regional environmental variables affect the radiative forcing of aerosols,potentially reversing its directions and causing opposite radiative impacts in the atmosphere.In this study,the total suspended particles were collected within one year in Tianjin,China,and the monthly average concentration of AMPs of 200.0-463.9 items/m^(3) was detected.Accordingly,the direct radiative forcing(DRF)of AMPs was calculated as0.03 to 0.03 W/m^(2) at the top of the atmosphere and0.09 to 0.72 W/m^(2) at the Earth's surface,respectively.The surface albedo significantly affects the direction of the DRF of AMPs.A low surface albedo leads to a cooling effect of AMPs in the atmosphere in Tianjin,while a high surface albedo causes a warming effect in the atmosphere.The DRF calculated under different surface albedo indicates that the potential impact of AMPs on atmospheric temperature is relatively complex.The temperature changes caused by AMPs in grassland and bare soil areas may be opposite to those in areas covered by snow and ice.
文摘Polymers used as a commodity are prevalent as plastic products in day-to-day life globally.Mass production and mishandling of plastic waste turns out to produce contaminants in micro and nano size ranges.The life span of microplastics(MPs)constitutes a larger threat due to its existence in all spheres of earth.Their footprint and lifetime in environmental conditions is galactic,thus it is necessary to conduct a literature study and review on substantial sources,their distribution mechanisms and transformation process.MPs are formed under natural conditions by physical,chemical and biological forces.In this context,a comprehensive review on origin,deterioration,dispersion,sorption,motility,and settlement of MPs across ecosystems is evaluated.Major findings of review showed MPs have emerged in daily human food intake of about 0e1674 numbers/kg in salts and 52 particles/fish respectively.This review identifies that environmental concentration of MPs increases rapidly with one or more sources identified every year.This review enhances understanding of widespread distribution of MPs and potential health threats to human due to their abundance and size.Further,the number of research on plastic alternative products and additives for mitigating plastic pollution is less.Thus,this review also emphasizes the key aspects of focus to conduct research towards evidence based human health studies of MPs and developing effective strategies in mitigating plastics.
