Evaluating the pressure of atmospheric pollutant emissions on the atmospheric environment is crucial for effective pollution control and emission reduction policies.This study introduces a novel Atmospheric Environmen...Evaluating the pressure of atmospheric pollutant emissions on the atmospheric environment is crucial for effective pollution control and emission reduction policies.This study introduces a novel Atmospheric Environmental Pressure Index(AEPI)and employs a dynamic comprehensive method to evaluate China’s Atmospheric Environmental Pressure(AEP)across 31 provinces from 2008 to 2017.The drivers of AEP were analyzed using a spatial panel data model,uncovering the integral role of pollution reduction policies,particularly the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan,which led to a 25%reduction in AEP during its enforcement.Our findings reveal significant spatial disparities in AEP,with higher levels in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta regions.The regression analysis identifies economic development,industrial structure,energy efficiency,environmental regulations,and urbanization as key influencing factors,though their impacts vary across different regions,suggesting the need for region-specific pollution control policies.Furthermore,the shift in the AEP gravity center from2008 to 2017 indicated a southeastward movement,suggesting the necessity to focus air pollution control efforts on the southeast provinces.In conclusion,the AEPI developed in this study enables comparative analysis of AEP across different regions and facilitates the monitoring of long-term trends,which is valuable in guiding regional air pollution control in China.展开更多
The microstructure and precipitated phases of as-cast Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-x Zn-0.5Zr(x=0,2,4,6 wt.%)alloys were investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectrometry and X-ray Diffract...The microstructure and precipitated phases of as-cast Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-x Zn-0.5Zr(x=0,2,4,6 wt.%)alloys were investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectrometry and X-ray Diffraction.The exposure corrosion experiment of these magnesium alloys was tested in South China Sea and KEXUE vessel atmospheric environment.The corrosion characteristic and mechanism of magnesium alloys of Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-x Zn-0.5Zr(x=0,2,4,6 wt.%)alloys were analyzed by weight loss rate,corrosion depth,corrosion products and corrosion morphologies.The electrochemical corrosion tests were also measured in the natural seawater.The comprehensive results showed that Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-4Zn-0.5Zr magnesium alloy existed the best corrosion resistance whether in the marine atmospheric environment and natural seawater environment.That depended on the microstructure,type and distribution of precipitated phases in Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-4Zn-0.5Zr magnesium alloy.Sufficient quantity anodic precipitated phases in the microstructure of Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-4Zn-0.5Zr alloy played the key role in the corrosion resistance.展开更多
Urea,paracetamol and glutamine(based on the expired drugs)were selected as vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors(VCIs)to study their corrosion protection effect on red copper in simulated marine atmospheric environment by ...Urea,paracetamol and glutamine(based on the expired drugs)were selected as vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors(VCIs)to study their corrosion protection effect on red copper in simulated marine atmospheric environment by using weight loss,electrochemical measurement techniques(specially designed electrochemical testing device for simulating marine atmospheric environments)and surface morphology characterization analysis(SEM/EDS,XRD,RAMAN,XPS).Weight loss results show that the three corrosion inhibitors have good corrosion inhibition effect on red copper,and the corrosion inhibition efficiency in the order of glutamine(83.62%)>urea(68.46%)>paracetamol(61.47%).Surface morphology characterization analysis provides evidence of adsorption of corrosion inhibitors molecules on the red copper surface,thus forming a protective film that blocked the red copper surface from the aggressive chloride ion attack.展开更多
The total emission control method based on atmospheric environmental capacity is the most effective in air pollution mitigation. The atmospheric environmental capacities of SO2 on representative days over Lanzhou are ...The total emission control method based on atmospheric environmental capacity is the most effective in air pollution mitigation. The atmospheric environmental capacities of SO2 on representative days over Lanzhou are estimated using the numerical models RAMS, HYPACT and a linear programming model, according to the national ambient air quality standard of China （NAAQSCHN）. The results show that the fields of meteorological elements and SO2 simulated by the models agree reasonably well with observations. The atmospheric environmental capacity of SO2 over Lanzhou is around 111.7 × 10^3 kg d^-1, and in order to meet the air quality level Ⅱ of the NAAQSCHN, SO2 emissions need to be reduced by 20%.展开更多
Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources,chemical mechanisms,and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China,and for regul...Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources,chemical mechanisms,and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China,and for regulatory and control purposes.This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years.China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort.The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved,and a technical&production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated.It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.展开更多
The authors seek, through tests on simulated sand samples in a wind tunnel and analysis of minerals combination and trace elements, to discover the environmental implications of flying-up, falling-down and concentrati...The authors seek, through tests on simulated sand samples in a wind tunnel and analysis of minerals combination and trace elements, to discover the environmental implications of flying-up, falling-down and concentration variation as a function of natural wind speed and direction, distance of movement, range and extent of influence on the atmospheric environment, of micro-granular components on the ground surface in the Keerqin desert area in northwest Liaoning Province of China.展开更多
Based on SARS epidemic data and the corresponding atmospheric data, we used the timescale-partitioning technique, spectrum analysis and correlation analysis to investigate the impacts of the atmospheric environmental ...Based on SARS epidemic data and the corresponding atmospheric data, we used the timescale-partitioning technique, spectrum analysis and correlation analysis to investigate the impacts of the atmospheric environmental factors on the SARS epidemic. Results showed that there were close relations between environmental factors and SARS: The daily probable cases of SARS varied in 3-5 day cycles, much the same as the atmospheric elements did. The variations of the epidemics correlated remarkably with atmospheric elements. So conclusions can be drawn that weather changes have influences on the variations of daily SARS cases. In addition, statistical results showed that cold air activities aggravated the SARS epidemic.展开更多
[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the characteristics of atmospheric environmental pollution in Jining City. Methed] Based on the environmental monitoring data and synchronous meteorological data in 2006 -2010 ...[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the characteristics of atmospheric environmental pollution in Jining City. Methed] Based on the environmental monitoring data and synchronous meteorological data in 2006 -2010 in Jining City, the distribution regularity of main atmospheric pol- lutants in this city was studied by the method of statistical analysis. [ Result] There were obvious spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric pollutants in Jining City during 2006 -2010 under the comprehensive effects of meteorological conditions and pollution source emission. That is, at- mospheric pollution was serious in winter but slight in summer, and it was severe in the morning and evening. The load coefficients of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in the atmosphere showed an increasing trend from 2006 to 2010, and their concentrations had close relations with wind direction and ve- locity, urban heat island effect, and motor vehicle quantity. [ Conclusion] This research has important practical significance to the control of atmos- pheric pollution in Jining City.展开更多
Through analysis and evaluation on status quo of atmospheric environment in Shennongjia,atmospheric environment capacity in ClassII functional area of Shennongjia was counted by A value method. The results showed that...Through analysis and evaluation on status quo of atmospheric environment in Shennongjia,atmospheric environment capacity in ClassII functional area of Shennongjia was counted by A value method. The results showed that atmospheric environment capacities of SO2,NO2 and PM10in Shennongjia Forest District were respectively 6 268. 8,17 666. 2 and 2 279. 5 t / a,much larger than emissions of air pollutants in Shennongjia in 2012.展开更多
Electrical Conductivity Measurement （ECM） from ice core is a representative index for atmospheric environmental change. The pH value and ECM from three shallow ice cores （each 3.85 m, 231 ice samples total） on Gla...Electrical Conductivity Measurement （ECM） from ice core is a representative index for atmospheric environmental change. The pH value and ECM from three shallow ice cores （each 3.85 m, 231 ice samples total） on Glacier No.1 at the headwater of Urumqi River, Glacier No.48 in Kuitun area, and Miaoergou Glacier in Hami area in the eastern Tianshan Mountains, western China, were measured and analyzed for atmospheric environment records research. Ice core record shows that the changing trend of pH and ECM in three sites in recent years is different： ECM in Kuitun increases with the ice depth change, but ECM in Hami and Urumqi Glacier No.1 ice cores show a decreasing trend. Average ECM value in Hami is much larger than other two sites, just as the dust concentration and ions concentration are also very high in this site. ECM records in all three sites are mainly affected by aerosol mineral dust of Central Asia, and correlative coefficients of ECM and mineral ions such as Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Na^2＋ are all significantly high. The pH value and ECM are also significantly high correlative coefficients in the eastern Tianshan Mountains. Comparison between the eastern Tianshan Mountains and other sites in western China, and Polar Regions, shows that the difference of ECM can very well reflect the spatial difference of worldwide atmospheric environment.展开更多
A sound scientific understanding of the factors affecting the environment is essential to guarantee the sustainable development of the world＇s economic and societal activities. Many environmental issues,such as air q...A sound scientific understanding of the factors affecting the environment is essential to guarantee the sustainable development of the world＇s economic and societal activities. Many environmental issues,such as air quality and climate展开更多
Anthropogenic emissions impact significantly the atmospheric environment which human being relies on, e.g., global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, photochemical smog, acid rain, haze and so on. Although clean ...Anthropogenic emissions impact significantly the atmospheric environment which human being relies on, e.g., global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, photochemical smog, acid rain, haze and so on. Although clean air actions have been legislated by many nations to mitigate pollutants＇ emission with the aim of protecting the atmospheric environment, serious air pollution events are frequently observed in different regions, especially in developing countries. To best evaluate the effect of various control measures as well as the influence of various pollutants on the atmospheric environment, the levels, sources and sinks of the pollutants are needed to be comprehensively investigated. Since atmospheric environment involves multidisciplinary approach, scientists with different disciplines together can provide profound understandings about the atmospheric environmental problems. Sino-French Workshop on Atmospheric Environment is just one of such platforms to join scientists together for collaboration, exchange of experience and ideas.展开更多
The formulation of the safety base-line for atmospheric environmental quality is not only basic needs of mankind maintaining the quality of survival environment but also concrete measures of red line system for nation...The formulation of the safety base-line for atmospheric environmental quality is not only basic needs of mankind maintaining the quality of survival environment but also concrete measures of red line system for national ecological protection. It is urgent to solve the problem in current environmental management how to draft the safety basa-line of atmospheric environmental quality. To solve this problem, the connotation of safety base-line for atmospheric environmental quality is defined firstly, and then the indexes for atmospheric importance, sensitivity and vulnerability are generalized. Moreover, formulation methods for red, yellow and green lines of the safety base-line for atmospheric environmental quality are put forward ,and corresponding division principle and management principle are put forward finally.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to study application of the trajectory plume model in atmospheric environmental impact assessment. [ Method] Trajectory plume model was used to retrospectively evaluate regional atmosph...[ Objective] The research aimed to study application of the trajectory plume model in atmospheric environmental impact assessment. [ Method] Trajectory plume model was used to retrospectively evaluate regional atmospheric improvement degree by fuel gas desulfurization project in Mawan Power Plant of Shenzhen. On this basis, we analyzed applicability of the model in atmospheric prediction of the construction project. [- Re- sult~ Under the situation of complex flow field and variable weather condition, the trajectory plume model displayed good prediction accuracy, to- gether with the use of flow field diagnosis model. Under complex weather condition, this model could be complementary to atmospheric environmen- tal quality prediction model recommended by new atmosphere guidelines, which had the value of popularization in future atmospheric environmental evaluation and planning. [ Conduslon~ Trajectory plume model had broad application potential in atmospheric environmental impact assessment.展开更多
In the process of human society's progress, it also profoundly affects the surrounding environment. Many industries have air pollution problems. Traditional industry not only promotes China's economic developm...In the process of human society's progress, it also profoundly affects the surrounding environment. Many industries have air pollution problems. Traditional industry not only promotes China's economic development, but also damages the atmospheric environment. In the past year, China's atmospheric environment problems have occurred frequently, and the government has begun to pay attention to the improvement of the atmospheric environment. However, due to the limitation of many factors at this stage, there are still some problems to be solved in China's atmospheric environment monitoring. Only by identifying the root cause of the problem, formulating corresponding means and methods to improve the quality of monitoring, and effectively improving the accuracy and timeliness of environmental monitoring, can environmental deterioration be further curbed, providing important data support for decision-makers at all levels, and finding a path to improve the quality of atmospheric environmental monitoring.展开更多
With the rapid development of China's industrialization, more and more manufacturing plants are put into intensive production, which to a certain extent increases China's overall exhaust emissions, causing ser...With the rapid development of China's industrialization, more and more manufacturing plants are put into intensive production, which to a certain extent increases China's overall exhaust emissions, causing serious pollution to the atmospheric environment. In this grim situation, in order to prevent further deterioration of the atmospheric environment, it is necessary for China's relevant administrative departments to intensify environmental remediation efforts and adopt relevant technical measures at different stages to reduce the degree of pollution to the atmospheric environment caused by economic development. This paper analyzes the present situation of air pollution, and then probes into the factors of air pollution.展开更多
Nowadays, the problem of air pollution is closely related to the development of society. The monitoring and control of air pollution requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society and the people. Therefore, in t...Nowadays, the problem of air pollution is closely related to the development of society. The monitoring and control of air pollution requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society and the people. Therefore, in the process of promoting air pollution control and prevention and control, the relevant ecological and environmental protection departments should actively monitor the atmospheric environment, share the monitoring results with more people, and issue bad weather warnings in a timely manner. It is necessary to take a multi-pronged approach to the governance of environmental protection, by raising peoples awareness of environmental protection, and encouraging the people and government functional departments to jointly improve the quality of the ecological environment, thereby laying a good ecological environment foundation for social development.展开更多
The proportion of agriculture in national economy is relatively small. In order to fully implement the sustainable development concept, avoid the destruction of natural environment and optimize the allocation and util...The proportion of agriculture in national economy is relatively small. In order to fully implement the sustainable development concept, avoid the destruction of natural environment and optimize the allocation and utilization of natural resources, the state readjusts the development direction and countermeasures of rural economy, arouses the enthusiasm of all social strata and realizes the rational development of natural resources under the leadership of local government. Relying on the effective development of industries with special characteristics, it fully emphasizes the important advantages of modern economic development. Despite the efforts of the state, the environmental damage in rural areas is still serious. The rapid development of agribusiness and green tourism has led to further increase in pollution in rural areas, indicating that 53% of the pollution sources are from rural areas. In order to comprehensively promote the sustainable development and environmental protection of villages in the region, government departments must reconsider their positions. On the one hand, it is necessary to play a leading role, on the other hand, it is necessary to mobilize all sectors of society to establish a scientific and reasonable environmental protection system and to implement the concept of scientific development in all aspects.展开更多
The environmental stability of infectious viruses in the laboratory setting is crucial to the transmission potential of human respiratory viruses.Different experimental techniques or conditions used in studies over th...The environmental stability of infectious viruses in the laboratory setting is crucial to the transmission potential of human respiratory viruses.Different experimental techniques or conditions used in studies over the past decades have led to diverse understandings and predictions for the stability of viral infectivity in the atmospheric environment.In this paper,we review the current knowledge on the effect of simulated atmospheric conditions on the infectivity of respiratory viruses,mainly focusing on influenza viruses and coronaviruses,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.First,we summarize the impact of the experimental conditions on viral stability;these involve the methods of viral aerosol generation,storage during aging and collection,the virus types and strains,the suspension matrixes,the initial inoculum volumes and concentrations,and the drying process.Second,we summarize and discuss the detection methods of viral infectivity and their disadvantages.Finally,we integrate the results from the reviewed studies to obtain an overall understanding of the effects of atmospheric environmental conditions on the decay of infectious viruses,especially aerosolized viruses.Overall,this review highlights the knowledge gaps in predicting the ability of viruses to maintain infectivity during airborne transmission.展开更多
The wind field and pollutant dispersion are predicted numerically in a local urban area with crowded buildings and heavy traffic.A domain decomposition method is used in the large eddy simulation,in which the urban ar...The wind field and pollutant dispersion are predicted numerically in a local urban area with crowded buildings and heavy traffic.A domain decomposition method is used in the large eddy simulation,in which the urban area is decomposed into a central area,where pollution is the major concern,and a surrounding region,where the pollutant distribution is not important.The composite model is proposed for the complex building-street layout.The fine grid mesh is used to resolve the buildings in the central area while the buildings are treated as roughness elements in the surrounding region where the coarse grids are used.The proposed numerical method is applied to simulate the wind field and pollutant dispersion from vehicle exhaust in the Rua Do Campo area of Macao.The results show that the composite model is an appropriate method for predicting wind field and pollutant dispersion in the crowded building area.展开更多
文摘Evaluating the pressure of atmospheric pollutant emissions on the atmospheric environment is crucial for effective pollution control and emission reduction policies.This study introduces a novel Atmospheric Environmental Pressure Index(AEPI)and employs a dynamic comprehensive method to evaluate China’s Atmospheric Environmental Pressure(AEP)across 31 provinces from 2008 to 2017.The drivers of AEP were analyzed using a spatial panel data model,uncovering the integral role of pollution reduction policies,particularly the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan,which led to a 25%reduction in AEP during its enforcement.Our findings reveal significant spatial disparities in AEP,with higher levels in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta regions.The regression analysis identifies economic development,industrial structure,energy efficiency,environmental regulations,and urbanization as key influencing factors,though their impacts vary across different regions,suggesting the need for region-specific pollution control policies.Furthermore,the shift in the AEP gravity center from2008 to 2017 indicated a southeastward movement,suggesting the necessity to focus air pollution control efforts on the southeast provinces.In conclusion,the AEPI developed in this study enables comparative analysis of AEP across different regions and facilitates the monitoring of long-term trends,which is valuable in guiding regional air pollution control in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for Exploring Key Scientific Instrument(No.41827805)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(No.RERU2021017)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2021GXJS210)for providing support。
文摘The microstructure and precipitated phases of as-cast Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-x Zn-0.5Zr(x=0,2,4,6 wt.%)alloys were investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectrometry and X-ray Diffraction.The exposure corrosion experiment of these magnesium alloys was tested in South China Sea and KEXUE vessel atmospheric environment.The corrosion characteristic and mechanism of magnesium alloys of Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-x Zn-0.5Zr(x=0,2,4,6 wt.%)alloys were analyzed by weight loss rate,corrosion depth,corrosion products and corrosion morphologies.The electrochemical corrosion tests were also measured in the natural seawater.The comprehensive results showed that Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-4Zn-0.5Zr magnesium alloy existed the best corrosion resistance whether in the marine atmospheric environment and natural seawater environment.That depended on the microstructure,type and distribution of precipitated phases in Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-4Zn-0.5Zr magnesium alloy.Sufficient quantity anodic precipitated phases in the microstructure of Mg-5Y-1.5Nd-4Zn-0.5Zr alloy played the key role in the corrosion resistance.
基金Project(ZR2023ME063)supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(121311KYSB20210005)supported by the Overseas Science and Education Cooperation Center Deployment Project,ChinaProject supported by the Qingdao Expert Workstation for Intelligent Anticorrosion for Water Diversion Project,China。
文摘Urea,paracetamol and glutamine(based on the expired drugs)were selected as vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors(VCIs)to study their corrosion protection effect on red copper in simulated marine atmospheric environment by using weight loss,electrochemical measurement techniques(specially designed electrochemical testing device for simulating marine atmospheric environments)and surface morphology characterization analysis(SEM/EDS,XRD,RAMAN,XPS).Weight loss results show that the three corrosion inhibitors have good corrosion inhibition effect on red copper,and the corrosion inhibition efficiency in the order of glutamine(83.62%)>urea(68.46%)>paracetamol(61.47%).Surface morphology characterization analysis provides evidence of adsorption of corrosion inhibitors molecules on the red copper surface,thus forming a protective film that blocked the red copper surface from the aggressive chloride ion attack.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40305020）.
文摘The total emission control method based on atmospheric environmental capacity is the most effective in air pollution mitigation. The atmospheric environmental capacities of SO2 on representative days over Lanzhou are estimated using the numerical models RAMS, HYPACT and a linear programming model, according to the national ambient air quality standard of China （NAAQSCHN）. The results show that the fields of meteorological elements and SO2 simulated by the models agree reasonably well with observations. The atmospheric environmental capacity of SO2 over Lanzhou is around 111.7 × 10^3 kg d^-1, and in order to meet the air quality level Ⅱ of the NAAQSCHN, SO2 emissions need to be reduced by 20%.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC0214802)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2019434)the Sino-German Mobility programme(No.M-0036)。
文摘Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources,chemical mechanisms,and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China,and for regulatory and control purposes.This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years.China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort.The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved,and a technical&production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated.It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.
文摘The authors seek, through tests on simulated sand samples in a wind tunnel and analysis of minerals combination and trace elements, to discover the environmental implications of flying-up, falling-down and concentration variation as a function of natural wind speed and direction, distance of movement, range and extent of influence on the atmospheric environment, of micro-granular components on the ground surface in the Keerqin desert area in northwest Liaoning Province of China.
基金Scientific and development foundation of Guangdong Meteorological Observatory
文摘Based on SARS epidemic data and the corresponding atmospheric data, we used the timescale-partitioning technique, spectrum analysis and correlation analysis to investigate the impacts of the atmospheric environmental factors on the SARS epidemic. Results showed that there were close relations between environmental factors and SARS: The daily probable cases of SARS varied in 3-5 day cycles, much the same as the atmospheric elements did. The variations of the epidemics correlated remarkably with atmospheric elements. So conclusions can be drawn that weather changes have influences on the variations of daily SARS cases. In addition, statistical results showed that cold air activities aggravated the SARS epidemic.
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the characteristics of atmospheric environmental pollution in Jining City. Methed] Based on the environmental monitoring data and synchronous meteorological data in 2006 -2010 in Jining City, the distribution regularity of main atmospheric pol- lutants in this city was studied by the method of statistical analysis. [ Result] There were obvious spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric pollutants in Jining City during 2006 -2010 under the comprehensive effects of meteorological conditions and pollution source emission. That is, at- mospheric pollution was serious in winter but slight in summer, and it was severe in the morning and evening. The load coefficients of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in the atmosphere showed an increasing trend from 2006 to 2010, and their concentrations had close relations with wind direction and ve- locity, urban heat island effect, and motor vehicle quantity. [ Conclusion] This research has important practical significance to the control of atmos- pheric pollution in Jining City.
文摘Through analysis and evaluation on status quo of atmospheric environment in Shennongjia,atmospheric environment capacity in ClassII functional area of Shennongjia was counted by A value method. The results showed that atmospheric environment capacities of SO2,NO2 and PM10in Shennongjia Forest District were respectively 6 268. 8,17 666. 2 and 2 279. 5 t / a,much larger than emissions of air pollutants in Shennongjia in 2012.
基金National Key Project for Basic Research of China,No.2007CB411501Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX2-YW-127+7 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40631001 No.40571033 No.40701034 No.40701035 No.40371028 No.J0630966 The Project for Outstanding Young Scientists of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40121101The Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation,No.101019
文摘Electrical Conductivity Measurement （ECM） from ice core is a representative index for atmospheric environmental change. The pH value and ECM from three shallow ice cores （each 3.85 m, 231 ice samples total） on Glacier No.1 at the headwater of Urumqi River, Glacier No.48 in Kuitun area, and Miaoergou Glacier in Hami area in the eastern Tianshan Mountains, western China, were measured and analyzed for atmospheric environment records research. Ice core record shows that the changing trend of pH and ECM in three sites in recent years is different： ECM in Kuitun increases with the ice depth change, but ECM in Hami and Urumqi Glacier No.1 ice cores show a decreasing trend. Average ECM value in Hami is much larger than other two sites, just as the dust concentration and ions concentration are also very high in this site. ECM records in all three sites are mainly affected by aerosol mineral dust of Central Asia, and correlative coefficients of ECM and mineral ions such as Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Na^2＋ are all significantly high. The pH value and ECM are also significantly high correlative coefficients in the eastern Tianshan Mountains. Comparison between the eastern Tianshan Mountains and other sites in western China, and Polar Regions, shows that the difference of ECM can very well reflect the spatial difference of worldwide atmospheric environment.
文摘A sound scientific understanding of the factors affecting the environment is essential to guarantee the sustainable development of the world＇s economic and societal activities. Many environmental issues,such as air quality and climate
文摘Anthropogenic emissions impact significantly the atmospheric environment which human being relies on, e.g., global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, photochemical smog, acid rain, haze and so on. Although clean air actions have been legislated by many nations to mitigate pollutants＇ emission with the aim of protecting the atmospheric environment, serious air pollution events are frequently observed in different regions, especially in developing countries. To best evaluate the effect of various control measures as well as the influence of various pollutants on the atmospheric environment, the levels, sources and sinks of the pollutants are needed to be comprehensively investigated. Since atmospheric environment involves multidisciplinary approach, scientists with different disciplines together can provide profound understandings about the atmospheric environmental problems. Sino-French Workshop on Atmospheric Environment is just one of such platforms to join scientists together for collaboration, exchange of experience and ideas.
文摘The formulation of the safety base-line for atmospheric environmental quality is not only basic needs of mankind maintaining the quality of survival environment but also concrete measures of red line system for national ecological protection. It is urgent to solve the problem in current environmental management how to draft the safety basa-line of atmospheric environmental quality. To solve this problem, the connotation of safety base-line for atmospheric environmental quality is defined firstly, and then the indexes for atmospheric importance, sensitivity and vulnerability are generalized. Moreover, formulation methods for red, yellow and green lines of the safety base-line for atmospheric environmental quality are put forward ,and corresponding division principle and management principle are put forward finally.
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to study application of the trajectory plume model in atmospheric environmental impact assessment. [ Method] Trajectory plume model was used to retrospectively evaluate regional atmospheric improvement degree by fuel gas desulfurization project in Mawan Power Plant of Shenzhen. On this basis, we analyzed applicability of the model in atmospheric prediction of the construction project. [- Re- sult~ Under the situation of complex flow field and variable weather condition, the trajectory plume model displayed good prediction accuracy, to- gether with the use of flow field diagnosis model. Under complex weather condition, this model could be complementary to atmospheric environmen- tal quality prediction model recommended by new atmosphere guidelines, which had the value of popularization in future atmospheric environmental evaluation and planning. [ Conduslon~ Trajectory plume model had broad application potential in atmospheric environmental impact assessment.
文摘In the process of human society's progress, it also profoundly affects the surrounding environment. Many industries have air pollution problems. Traditional industry not only promotes China's economic development, but also damages the atmospheric environment. In the past year, China's atmospheric environment problems have occurred frequently, and the government has begun to pay attention to the improvement of the atmospheric environment. However, due to the limitation of many factors at this stage, there are still some problems to be solved in China's atmospheric environment monitoring. Only by identifying the root cause of the problem, formulating corresponding means and methods to improve the quality of monitoring, and effectively improving the accuracy and timeliness of environmental monitoring, can environmental deterioration be further curbed, providing important data support for decision-makers at all levels, and finding a path to improve the quality of atmospheric environmental monitoring.
文摘With the rapid development of China's industrialization, more and more manufacturing plants are put into intensive production, which to a certain extent increases China's overall exhaust emissions, causing serious pollution to the atmospheric environment. In this grim situation, in order to prevent further deterioration of the atmospheric environment, it is necessary for China's relevant administrative departments to intensify environmental remediation efforts and adopt relevant technical measures at different stages to reduce the degree of pollution to the atmospheric environment caused by economic development. This paper analyzes the present situation of air pollution, and then probes into the factors of air pollution.
文摘Nowadays, the problem of air pollution is closely related to the development of society. The monitoring and control of air pollution requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society and the people. Therefore, in the process of promoting air pollution control and prevention and control, the relevant ecological and environmental protection departments should actively monitor the atmospheric environment, share the monitoring results with more people, and issue bad weather warnings in a timely manner. It is necessary to take a multi-pronged approach to the governance of environmental protection, by raising peoples awareness of environmental protection, and encouraging the people and government functional departments to jointly improve the quality of the ecological environment, thereby laying a good ecological environment foundation for social development.
文摘The proportion of agriculture in national economy is relatively small. In order to fully implement the sustainable development concept, avoid the destruction of natural environment and optimize the allocation and utilization of natural resources, the state readjusts the development direction and countermeasures of rural economy, arouses the enthusiasm of all social strata and realizes the rational development of natural resources under the leadership of local government. Relying on the effective development of industries with special characteristics, it fully emphasizes the important advantages of modern economic development. Despite the efforts of the state, the environmental damage in rural areas is still serious. The rapid development of agribusiness and green tourism has led to further increase in pollution in rural areas, indicating that 53% of the pollution sources are from rural areas. In order to comprehensively promote the sustainable development and environmental protection of villages in the region, government departments must reconsider their positions. On the one hand, it is necessary to play a leading role, on the other hand, it is necessary to mobilize all sectors of society to establish a scientific and reasonable environmental protection system and to implement the concept of scientific development in all aspects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130611)Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research(2023B1212060049,2019B121205006).
文摘The environmental stability of infectious viruses in the laboratory setting is crucial to the transmission potential of human respiratory viruses.Different experimental techniques or conditions used in studies over the past decades have led to diverse understandings and predictions for the stability of viral infectivity in the atmospheric environment.In this paper,we review the current knowledge on the effect of simulated atmospheric conditions on the infectivity of respiratory viruses,mainly focusing on influenza viruses and coronaviruses,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.First,we summarize the impact of the experimental conditions on viral stability;these involve the methods of viral aerosol generation,storage during aging and collection,the virus types and strains,the suspension matrixes,the initial inoculum volumes and concentrations,and the drying process.Second,we summarize and discuss the detection methods of viral infectivity and their disadvantages.Finally,we integrate the results from the reviewed studies to obtain an overall understanding of the effects of atmospheric environmental conditions on the decay of infectious viruses,especially aerosolized viruses.Overall,this review highlights the knowledge gaps in predicting the ability of viruses to maintain infectivity during airborne transmission.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 10872109)the Foundation for Development of Science and Technology in Macao(Grant No. FDCT 055/2005/A)the Supercomputing Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The wind field and pollutant dispersion are predicted numerically in a local urban area with crowded buildings and heavy traffic.A domain decomposition method is used in the large eddy simulation,in which the urban area is decomposed into a central area,where pollution is the major concern,and a surrounding region,where the pollutant distribution is not important.The composite model is proposed for the complex building-street layout.The fine grid mesh is used to resolve the buildings in the central area while the buildings are treated as roughness elements in the surrounding region where the coarse grids are used.The proposed numerical method is applied to simulate the wind field and pollutant dispersion from vehicle exhaust in the Rua Do Campo area of Macao.The results show that the composite model is an appropriate method for predicting wind field and pollutant dispersion in the crowded building area.
