Before nationwide implementation of waste classification programs in rural areas,identifying suitable pilot regions is crucial.This study develops a comprehensive framework for assessing and selecting these pilot regi...Before nationwide implementation of waste classification programs in rural areas,identifying suitable pilot regions is crucial.This study develops a comprehensive framework for assessing and selecting these pilot regions.Data were collected through 654 valid questionnaires and interviews with respondents from rural areas in six provinces across China.Primary assessment criteria included disposal methods for kitchen waste,recyclables,hazardous waste,and residual waste,as well as farmers’willingness to separate hazardous waste when offered compensation and the impact of centralized waste treatment in villages.Secondary criteria focused on disposal methods for agrochemical packages and other hazardous waste.Using the weighted sum of squares method,the study evaluated the suitability of six regions as pilot areas for waste classification.The results identified villages in Jiangsu province and Hebei province as the most suitable pilot regions.Based on the findings,the study provides recommendations to address weaknesses in these regions to enhance the effectiveness of future trials and offers tailored suggestions for other regions to improve their waste classification initiatives.展开更多
Background Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry,as it allows for disassociating the localiza-tion of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial insemination.While freeze-th...Background Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry,as it allows for disassociating the localiza-tion of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial insemination.While freeze-thawing is known to impair sperm DNA integrity,whether the damage induced consists of single-(SSB)or double-strand breaks(DSB)has not been determined.In addition,no previous study has addressed if DNA breaks preferentially reside in specific genome regions such as those forming the toroid linker regions,or are rather spread throughout the regions linked to protamines.The main aim of the present work,therefore,was to elucidate the type and localization of the DNA damage generated by cryopreservation and to evaluate its impact on artificial insemination outcomes in cattle.Results The incidence of SSB and DSB was evaluated in 12 ejaculates before and after cryopreservation with the Comet assay,and the localization of the DNA breaks was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Before cryopreservation,the incidence of SSB was 10.99%±4.62%and involved 20.56%±3.04%of sperm cells,whereas these figures significantly(P<0.0001)increased up to 34.11%±3.48%and 53.36%±11.00%in frozen-thawed sperm.In contrast,no significant differences in the incidence of DSB were observed(P>0.990)before and after cryopreservation(before:incidence of 13.91%±1.75%of sperm DNA affecting 56.04%±12.49%of sperm cells;after:incidence of 13.55%±1.55%of sperm DNA involving 53.36%±11.00%of sperm cells).Moreover,PFGE revealed that the percentage of sperm DNA fragments whose length was shorter than a toroid(<31.5 kb)was greater(P<0.0001)after(27.00%±4.26%)than before freeze-thawing(15.57%±4.53%).These differences indicated that the DNA breaks induced by cryopreservation affect the regions condensed in protamines,which are structured in toroids.On the other hand,in vivo fertility rates were associated to the incidence of SSB and DSB in frozen-thawed sperm(P=0.032 and P=0.005),but not with the size of the DNA fragments resulting from these breaks(P>0.05).Conclusion Cryopreservation of bovine sperm generates single-strand DNA breaks,which are mainly located in protamine-condensed toroidal regions.The incidence of DNA breaks in cryopreserved sperm has an impact on cat-tle fertility,regardless of the size of generated fragments.展开更多
In many existing dictionaries,cropland is defined as land that is suitable for or used to grow crops.It has several synonyms,such as“farmland”,“arable land”,and“cultivated land”.However,in scientific literature,...In many existing dictionaries,cropland is defined as land that is suitable for or used to grow crops.It has several synonyms,such as“farmland”,“arable land”,and“cultivated land”.However,in scientific literature,the nuances of these terms are often overlooked.The inconsistent terminology usage could lead to ambiguity and confusion in research and policy discussions.In particular,it creates difficulties for newcomers and students when they search for precise information in the published literature.Hence,exploring the variations of terminology applications is important for the cropland-related research community.In this study,the differences in six cropland-related terminologies were explored through a review of 5,214 scientific articles,by employing the independence test,clustering approach,and correlation analysis.The results showed that disparities exist across disciplines.For example,biodiversity&conservation studies preferentially use“farmland”to highlight effects from human activities,while studies in geology and computer science use“cropland”.The term“cultivated land”tends to be used in geography research for clear geographical demarcation,while“arable land”is related to engineering studies.Moreover,further disparities based on the geographical affiliations of the authors were found.The correlation between China and“cultivated land”was reliable and a close link was found between“agricultural land”and the USA.The regional variations in cropland terminology can be influenced by multiple factors,including the degree of agricultural mechanization,colonial history,and migration patterns.This study reveals variations in cropland-related terminology across disciplines and regions.The results highlight the importance of standardizing cropland terminology to foster interdisciplinary research,improve data comparability,and support global agricultural and environmental policymaking.展开更多
Surface albedo,as one of the important properties of the underlying surface,has a significant impact on the surface energy balance in cold regions.However,due to the complexity of the factors affecting surface albedo,...Surface albedo,as one of the important properties of the underlying surface,has a significant impact on the surface energy balance in cold regions.However,due to the complexity of the factors affecting surface albedo,existing calculations still contain inaccuracies.Therefore,this study conducted surface albedo experiments on loess with different water contents and temperatures.By analyzing the surface albedo measurements of samples with varying temperature and water content levels,as well as the soil freezing characteristic curve(SFCC)and soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC)of loess,the study explores the influence of soil temperature and water content on the surface albedo of loess.The results indicate that both the temperature and water content of loess jointly affect surface albedo.During the process of albedo change,there exists a water content threshold that alters the trend of surface albedo.Soil temperature influences surface albedo by affecting the content of pore ice and liquid water within the soil.When the water content of loess is relatively low,the surface albedo decreases as the unfrozen water content decreases.However,this trend changes as the water content of loess increases.Additionally,a decrease in soil temperature lowers the moisture content threshold during the changes in surface albedo.This study provides a reference for exploring and determining the surface energy balance in cold regions under the background of warm and humid climates,as well as for establishing thermal calculation boundaries.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metabolomics sequencing technology was used to investigate the changes of intestinal flora and metabolites in gastric cancer patients in plateau areas.AIM To investigate changes in gut microbiota and their ...BACKGROUND Metabolomics sequencing technology was used to investigate the changes of intestinal flora and metabolites in gastric cancer patients in plateau areas.AIM To investigate changes in gut microbiota and their metabolites in patients with gastric cancer from plateau regions using untargeted metabolomic sequencing.METHODS Fresh morning fecal samples were collected from 30 gastric cancer patients diagnosed at a tertiary hospital in Qinghai Province and 30 healthy individuals(controls).Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomic sequencing was used to analyze metabolite changes and predict metabolic function.RESULTS Metabolomic analysis identified 281 metabolites in samples from both groups.These metabolites were categorized into eight major classes,listed in descending order of abundance:Lipids and lipid-like molecules(35.443%);organic acids and derivatives(29.114%);organic oxygen compounds(15.19%);nucleosides,nucleotides,and analogs(13.924%);organoheterocyclic compounds(2.532%),amino acids and peptides(1.266%);benzenoids(1.266%);and fatty acids(1.266%).Compared with the control group,the top 10 metabolites elevated in the gastric cancer group included:Dethiobiotin,glycylproline,glycine,hydroxyisocaproic acid,tyramine,methionine sulfoxide,5-aminopentanoic acid,citrulline,betonicine,and formiminoglutamic acid and the top 10 decreased were:Cytidine,5'-methylthioadenosine,trehalose,melibiose,lotaustralin,adenosine,inosine,ribothymidine,raffinose,and galactinol.Functional prediction analysis revealed that these differential metabolites were primarily enriched in 12 metabolic pathways,including purine metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism,galactose metabolism,lysine degradation,glycine,serine,and threonine metabolism,biotin metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,histidine metabolism,primary bile acid biosynthesis,starch and sucrose metabolism,and tyrosine metabolism.CONCLUSION Significant differences in intestinal microbial metabolites and associated metabolic pathways were observed between gastric cancer patients and healthy controls residing in plateau regions.展开更多
Branch length and branch diameter are important characteristics that determine wood quality and yield.Development of static branch length and diameter models by incorporating individual tree variables,site quality and...Branch length and branch diameter are important characteristics that determine wood quality and yield.Development of static branch length and diameter models by incorporating individual tree variables,site quality and competition have been widely studied,while the climate effect has rarely been reported.In this study,mixed-effects climate-sensitive branch length and diameter models were developed based on 228 sample trees of Larix kaempferi from three latitude regions in China(approximate 42°N in Liaoning Province,33°N in Gansu Province,and 30°N in Hubei Province).Results revealed that diameter at breast height,and crown ratio,sum of the basal areas of trees larger than the subject trees,dominant tree height,mean warmest month temperature,and summer precipitation substantially improved branch length model.Diameter at breast height,and crown ratio,ratio of the sum of DBH in sample plot to the subject tree,dominant tree height,mean warmest month temperature,and spring precipitation significantly improved branch diameter model.Compared with base model,mean square error reduction of mixed-effects branch length and diameter models were 32.9%and 44.1%,respectively.The relative contributions of covariates to branch length model were tree size(59.1%),site quality(25.7%),competition(13.5%),and climate(1.7%),and branch diameter model were tree size(57.0%),competition(21.9%),site quality(18.3%),and climate(2.8%).Relative contributions of covariates on branch length and diameter models from different latitude regions were different.Effects of competition on branch length model in Liaoning and Hubei were larger than climate,whereas climate in Gansu was larger than competition.As for branch diameter model,competition in Liaoning was larger than site quality,whereas site quality in Hubei and Gansu was larger than competition.The present study strengthened the importance of considering climate variables in developing branch length and diameter model.It is desirable to disentangle the different sources of variations in affecting branch length and diameter from different latitude regions to reduce the uncertainty in predicting branch characteristics under the condition of climate changing.展开更多
Economic development,food security,and ecological preservation are important issues encountered by karst re-gions.Faced with complex natural and social dynamics,we attempted to explore how interdependence within socio...Economic development,food security,and ecological preservation are important issues encountered by karst re-gions.Faced with complex natural and social dynamics,we attempted to explore how interdependence within socio-ecological system(SES)shaped sustainability in this region.A SES framework was constructed and three scenarios were predesigned:economic priority scenario,food security scenario,and ecological protection sce-nario.The System Dynamics model was used to simulate and forecast the evolution across various scenarios within the SES from 2005 to 2035.Through the Production-Possibility Frontiers in combined scenarios,trade-offpotential was identified and quantified.The results showed that the decoupling between social and ecological subsystems can be weaken in economic priority scenario,while coupling between them can be strengthen in food security scenario and ecological protection scenario.Within the SES,combined scenario analyses further suggest that the rocky desertification rate and the urban-rural income ratio exhibit the least trade-offpotential and inten-sity in combined economic priority scenario and ecological protection scenario,and the Soil Conservation and Food Supply demonstrate the least trade-offpotential and intensity in combined economic priority scenario and food security scenario.We can conclude the ecological engineering plays a significant role in alleviating trade-offs within the SES,but the effectiveness is limited.In light of intertwined socio-ecological challenges,combining ecological engineering with adaptive adjustments is a crucial strategy to enhance SES resilience and promote sustainable development in the South China Karst.展开更多
Objective:Effective Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)management is particularly important in cold regions of China,where climate and lifestyle factors play significant roles.However,there is a lack of relevant studies in th...Objective:Effective Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)management is particularly important in cold regions of China,where climate and lifestyle factors play significant roles.However,there is a lack of relevant studies in this area.Therefore,the purpose of this study was:(1)to assess the status of self-management capacity in individuals with CKD in cold regions of China and analyze the factors influencing it;(2)to identify strategies to improve CKD management in primary care settings in these regions;and(3)to understand patients'attitudes toward eHealth services.Methods:This was a regional,cross-sectional observational study.A questionnaire measuring CKD patients'self-management abilities was derived from the Perceived Kidney Disease Self-Management Scale,the Kidney Disease Behavioral Inventory(KDBI),and the Health Literacy Questionnaire.Data were collected from hospitalized CKD patients in Heilongjiang Province and analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA),Hierarchical Regression Analysis,and K-prototype cluster analysis.Results:A total of 957 participants were tested.Of these,70.64%had less than a bachelor's degree,and 56.27%had been diagnosed with hypertensive or diabetic nephropathy.The KDBI scale showed a lower overall score compared to the PKDSMS.Factors such as CKD stage 4(F=2.367,P=0.042),last year's medical expenses(F=3.974,P=0.004),and poor self-rated health(F=33.352,P<0.01)were found to influence scores on both scales.The health literacy questionnaire revealed significant differences(P<0.01)in health knowledge,except by sex.Additionally,healthcare expenditures and poor self-rated health were negatively associated with self-management capacity.Conclusion:This study provides valuable insights into the self-management challenges faced by CKD patients in cold regions of China.Despite some difficulties in improving self-management,patients showed positive attitudes toward enhancing CKD management services in primary care and developing digital management tools.These findings offer useful references and recommendations for future clinical practice and research in this field.展开更多
Permanently shadowed regions(PSRs)on the Moon are potential reservoirs for water ice,making them hot spots for future lunar exploration.The water ice in PSRs would cause distinctive changes in space weathering there,i...Permanently shadowed regions(PSRs)on the Moon are potential reservoirs for water ice,making them hot spots for future lunar exploration.The water ice in PSRs would cause distinctive changes in space weathering there,in particular reduction-oxidation processes that diff er from those in illuminated regions.To determine the characteristics of products formed during space weathering in PSRs,the lunar meteorite NWA 10203 with artifi cially added water was irradiated with a nanosecond laser to simulate a micro-meteorite bombardment of lunar soil containing water ice.The TEM results of the water-incorporated sample showed distinct amorphous rims that exhibited irregular thickness,poor stratifi cation,the appearance of bubbles,and a reduced number of npFe^(0).Additionally,EELS analysis showed the presence of ferric iron at the rim of the nanophase metallic iron particles(npFe^(0))in the amorphous rim with the involvement of water.The results suggest that water ice is another possible factor contributing to oxidation during micrometeorite bombardment on the lunar surface.In addition,it off ers a reference for a new space weathering model that incorporates water in PSRs,which could be widespread on asteroids with volatiles.展开更多
Fermented chili products are popular traditional fermented foods around the world.However,differences in microbial communities in fermented chilies from different regions and how they affect the flavor compounds in ch...Fermented chili products are popular traditional fermented foods around the world.However,differences in microbial communities in fermented chilies from different regions and how they affect the flavor compounds in chili fermentation have not been reported.In this study,the dynamics of flavor compounds and microbial communities in fermented chilies from Sichuan,Guizhou,and Hunan were systematically investigated by macro-genome sequencing,solid phase microextraction-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS),electronic nose,and electronic tongue techniques.Simultaneously,the microbial metabolic mechanisms and the relationship between flavor compounds and microbiome were unraveled through staged and simulated fermentation analysis.The results showed that 53 chemical odorants,including alcohols,esters,aldehydes,and acids,were identified as chemical markers to differentiate the regional samples.A total of 12 microbial species,including Staphylococcus xylosus,unclassified Staphylococcus species,Weissella confusus,Lactococcus cremoris,Lactococcus garvieae,Lactiplantibacillus sakei,Pediciococcus propionicigenes,Pediciococcus idahonensis,Pediciococcus aciditolerans,Nocardioides antri,Debaryomyces hansenii,and Colletotrichum scovillei,were identified as microbial markers to differentiate the regional samples.Correlation analysis showed that Lactobacillaceae was associated with fruity,floral,spicy,and fatty aromas.The electronic nose and tongue analysis results showed that 9 flavor and 8 taste indicators significantly differed between regional samples(P<0.05).Additionally,flavor compounds and microbial diversity were robust under initial selection stress and showed higher diversity under metabolome-microbiome interactions.Importantly,simulated fermentation confirmed that metabolome-microbiome interactions drove the shift in microbial structure,metabolism,and flavor in regionally fermented chilies.These results provide insights into the succession of microbial communities and the formation of flavor compounds in chili fermentation,which may enable the future replication of fermented foods with the same flavor.展开更多
The spatial distribution of overburden layer thickness(OLT)is crucial for landslide susceptibility prediction and slope stability analysis.Due to OLT spatial heterogeneity in hillslope regions,combined with the diffic...The spatial distribution of overburden layer thickness(OLT)is crucial for landslide susceptibility prediction and slope stability analysis.Due to OLT spatial heterogeneity in hillslope regions,combined with the difficulty and time consumption of OLT sample collection,accurately predicting OLT distribution remains a challenging.To address this,a novel framework has been developed.First,OLT samples are collected through field surveys,remote sensing,and geological drilling.Next,the heterogeneity of OLT’s spatial distribution is analyzed using the probability distribution of OLT samples and their horizontal and vertical distributions.The OLT samples are categorized and the small sample categories are expanded using the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE).The slope position is selected as a key conditioning factor.Subsequently,16 conditioning factors are applied to construct OLT prediction model using the random forest regression algorithm.Weights are assigned to each OLT sample category to balance the uneven distribution of sample sizes.Finally,the Pearson correlation coefficient,mean absolute error(MAE),root mean square error(RMSE),and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient(Lin’s CCC)are employed to validate the OLT prediction results.The Huangtan town serves as the case study.Results show:(1)heterogeneity analysis,SMOTE-based OLT sample expansion strategy and slope position selection can significantly mitigate the effect of spatial heterogeneity on OLT prediction.(2)The Pearson correlation coefficient,RMSE,MAE and Lin’s CCC values are 0.84,1.173,1.378 and 0.804,respectively,indicating excellent prediction performance.This research provides an effective solution for predicting OLT distribution in hillslope regions.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR)and cancer antigen 724(CA724)in patients with proximal gastric cancer residing in cold climate regions.Methods:A ret...Background:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR)and cancer antigen 724(CA724)in patients with proximal gastric cancer residing in cold climate regions.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 313 patients diagnosed with proximal gastric cancer in cold climate regions between 2014 and 2017.Preoperative hematological markers,including LMR and CA724,were assessed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to determine optimal cutoff values,which were then combined to form the LMR+CA724 score.Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival curves,log-rank tests,and Cox proportional hazards regression.Results:A high preoperative LMR+CA724 score was significantly associated with older age,advanced pTNM stage,vascular invasion,and elevated levels of NMPVR,NMR,and AAR.The LMR+CA724 score demonstrated a higher area under the curve(AUC)compared to LMR or CA724 alone.Multivariate analysis identified pTNM stage,Borrmann type,histological type,and the LMR+CA724 score as independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS).A nomogram incorporating these four variables achieved an AUC of 0.817,indicating strong predictive performance.Conclusion:The LMR+CA724 score is a reliable and independent prognostic indicator for patients with proximal gastric cancer in cold climate regions.Its integration into clinical practice may support treatment planning and long-term management by enhancing personalized care.Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings in broader and more diverse patient populations.展开更多
Agriculture is a major contributor to the global economy,accounting for approximately 70%of the freshwater use,which cause significant stress on aquifers in intensively irrigated regions.This stress often leads to the...Agriculture is a major contributor to the global economy,accounting for approximately 70%of the freshwater use,which cause significant stress on aquifers in intensively irrigated regions.This stress often leads to the decline in both the quantity and quality of groundwater resources.This study is focused on an intensively irrigated region of Northern India to investigate the sources and mechanism of groundwater recharge using a novel integrated approach combining isotope hydrology,Artificial Neural Network(ANN),and hydrogeochemical models.The study identifies several key sources of groundwater recharge,including natural precipitation,river infiltration,Irrigation Return Flow(IRF),and recharge from canals.Some groundwater samples exhibit mixing from various sources.Groundwater recharge from IRF is found to be isotopically enriched due to evaporation and characterized by high Cl−.Stable isotope modeling of evaporative enrichment in irrigated water helped to differentiate the IRF during various cultivation periods(Kharif and Rabi)and deduce the climatic conditions prevailed during the time of recharge.The model quantified that 29%of the irrigated water is lost due to evaporation during the Kharif period and 20%during the Rabi period,reflecting the seasonal variations in IRF contribution to the groundwater.The ANN model,trained with isotope hydrogeochemical data,effectively captures the complex interrelationships between various recharge sources,providing a robust framework for understanding the groundwater dynamics in the study area.A conceptual model was developed to visualize the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge sources,highlighting how seasonal irrigation practices influence the groundwater.The integration of isotope hydrology with ANN methodologies proved to be effective in elucidating the multiple sources and processes of groundwater recharge,offering insights into the sustainability of aquifer systems in intensively irrigated regions.These findings are critical for developing data-driven groundwater management strategies that can adapt to future challenges,including climate change,shifting land use patterns,and evolving agricultural demands.The results have significant implications for policymakers and water resource managers seeking to ensure sustainable groundwater use in water-scarce regions.展开更多
The distribution of igneous rocks is closely related to hydrocarbon resources.This study utilized high-precision gravity,magnetic,and rock physical property data,employing gravity-magnetic field fusion technology and ...The distribution of igneous rocks is closely related to hydrocarbon resources.This study utilized high-precision gravity,magnetic,and rock physical property data,employing gravity-magnetic field fusion technology and Euler deconvolution technology.The objective was to identify the distribution of igneous rocks in the China Seas and neighboring regions and investigate their relationships with petroliferous basins.Our results reveal that igneous rocks are widely scattered throughout the China Seas and neighboring regions,with the highest concentration in the northwest(NW)and the second highest concentration in the east-northeast(ENE).The largest-scale igneous rocks are those with a north-south(N-S)orientation,followed by those with northeast(NE),NW,and ENE orientations.The depths of igneous rocks within petroliferous basins typically range from 3 km to 9 km and are associated with hydrocarbon resource distributions characterized by deep oil and shallow gas.The proportions of igneous rocks in different types of basins exhibit varying correlations with the total hydrocarbon resources.In particular,the proportion of igneous rocks in rift-type basins in the China Seas exhibits a strong linear correlation with the total hydrocarbon resources.These research findings provide valuable guidance for studying the relationship between igneous rock distribution and petroliferous basins,offering insights that can inform future hydrocarbon exploration endeavors.展开更多
BACKGROUND To investigate whether seasonal differences in ambient temperature affect the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)among elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in tropical r...BACKGROUND To investigate whether seasonal differences in ambient temperature affect the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)among elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in tropical regions.Additionally,it explored the perioperative risk factors associated with early POCD following abdominal laparoscopic surgery.AIM To investigate the influence of seasonal differences in ambient temperature on POCD of elderly patients METHODS A total of 125 patients aged≥65 years from Hainan Province,China,who underwent laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation,were enrolled. All patients completed the Mini-Mental State Examination one day before surgery and onpostoperative days 1, 3, and 7. A decline of ≥ 2 points from baseline was considered indicative of cognitivedysfunction. Serum levels of S100 calcium binding protein B and neuron-specific enolase were measured usingenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at three time points: Preoperatively, immediately after extubation, and 24hours postoperatively. Perioperative clinical data were collected to identify potential risk factors for POCD.Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed (1:1, caliper = 0.03), resulting in 41 matched patient pairs betweenwinter and summer groups.RESULTSAfter PSM, baseline characteristics including age, gender, body mass index, education level, comorbidities, andsurgical variables were well balanced between groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence ofPOCD on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 between patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in winter vs summer.However, multivariable logistic regression revealed that surgical duration (day 1, P value = 0.049), advanced ageand elevated creatinine (day 3, P value = 0.044, P value = 0.008), and hypoalbuminemia (day 3, P value = 0.042;day7, P value = 0.015) were independently associated with early POCD.CONCLUSIONAmbient temperature differences between winter and summer in tropical regions did not significantly affect theincidence of early POCD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Nonetheless, age, longer surgicalduration, elevated creatinine, and hypoalbuminemia emerged as key risk factors. These findings underscore theimportance of perioperative optimization to reduce the risk of POCD in elderly patients, regardless of seasonaltemperature variations.展开更多
Mountainous minority regions in China,characterized by abundant natural and cultural resources,ecologically fragile environments,and often geographically remote locations,pose distinct developmental challenges and opp...Mountainous minority regions in China,characterized by abundant natural and cultural resources,ecologically fragile environments,and often geographically remote locations,pose distinct developmental challenges and opportunities.Despite the complexity and typicality of Chinese mountainous ethnic minority regions in terms of eco-cultural tourism and land use dynamics,the interplay among tourism development,land use changes,and landscape ecological risk in these specific contexts has received insufficient attention.To explore how eco-cultural tourism development in ethnic minority mountainous regions affects land use and landscape ecology,this study investigates the evolution of land use in Southeast Guizhou Province from 1980-2020,integrating GIS spatial analysis,the landscape pattern index and landscape ecological risk index analysis.Over the past four decades(1980-2020),eco-cultural tourism has driven significant land use transformations characterized by substantial expansion of building land,growth of ecological land(notably forest land and water areas),and reduction of cultivated land.Concurrently,landscape ecological risk evolved through distinct phases-showing an overall increase during 1980-2000 with expanding medium-risk zones,followed by stabilization from 2000-2020.Tourism development accelerated these land transitions while fostering multifunctional compound land uses,enhancing both land value and utilization efficiency.Crucially,eco-cultural tourism in ethnic regions demonstrates capacity to reconcile ecological conservation with economic development,providing transferable models for similar regions globally.展开更多
Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity,significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions.Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and nativ...Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity,significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions.Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and native plants based on ecological capacity,biological restoration,and risk management can be valuable tools for combating desertification.In this study,we identified suitable areas for the growth of economic and medicinal Moringa peregrina trees in desert regions of Sistan and Baluchestan Province,southern Iran,using library research and field methods.We also assessed the economic involvement of local communities in areas under different topographic conditions(namely flat area,undulating area,rolling area,moderately sloping area,and steep area)in the study area.Financial indicators such as the net present value(NPV),benefit-cost ratio(BCR),internal rate of return(IRR),and return on investment(ROI)were calculated for areas under various topographic conditions in the study area.The rolling area with results of NPV(6142.75 USD),IRR(103.38),BCR(5.38),and ROI(in the 3rd year)was the best region for investing and cultivating M.peregrina.The minimum economic level varied from 0.80 hm2 in the flat area to 21.60 hm2 in the steep area.Also,approximately 5,314,629.51 hm2 of desert lands in the study area were deemed suitable for M.peregrina cultivation,benefiting around 1,743,246 households in the study area.Cultivating M.peregrina in southern Iran can positively affect local communities and help preserve land from erosion.Our study will provide theoretical support for planting native species in other degraded desert regions to enhance ecosystem services and the well-being of indigenous populations.展开更多
Here,a seismic-response analysis model was proposed for evaluating the nonlinear seismic response of a pile-supported bridge pier under frozen and thawed soil conditions.The effect of a seasonally frozen soil layer on...Here,a seismic-response analysis model was proposed for evaluating the nonlinear seismic response of a pile-supported bridge pier under frozen and thawed soil conditions.The effect of a seasonally frozen soil layer on the seismic vulnerability of a pile-supported bridge pier was evaluated based on reliability theory.Although the frozen soil layer inhibited the seismic response of the ground surface to a certain extent,it exacerbated the acceleration response at the bridge pier top owing to the low radiation damping effect of the frozen soil layer.Furthermore,the frozen soil layer reduced the lateral displacement of the bridge pier top relative to the ground surface by approximately 80%,thereby preventing damage caused by earthquakes,such as falling girders.Compared to the thawed state of the ground surface,the bending moment of the bridge pier in frozen ground increases.However,the bending moment of the pile foundation in frozen ground decreases,thereby lessening the seismic vulnerability of the bridge pile foundation.The results of this can provide a reference for the seismic response analysis and seismic risk assessment of pile-supported bridges in seasonally frozen regions.展开更多
Cropland abandonment has become a global issue that poses significant threats to sustainable cropland management,national food security,and the ecological environment.Remote sensing technology is crucial for identifyi...Cropland abandonment has become a global issue that poses significant threats to sustainable cropland management,national food security,and the ecological environment.Remote sensing technology is crucial for identifying and monitoring abandoned cropland in large-scale areas.However,limited information is available on the effective identification methods and spatial distribution patterns of abandoned cropland in the hilly and gully regions.This study introduced two methods-the land-use trajectory and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)time series-for monitoring abandoned cropland and evaluating its spatial distribution in Yanhe River Basin using Landsat-8 images from 2019 to 2021.The results showed that using a random forest algorithm,high-precision annual land-use classifications were achieved with the generation of reliable land-cover samples and an optimized feature dataset.The overall accuracy(OA)and Kappa coefficient of the land-use maps exceeded 90% and 0.88,respectively,demonstrating the effectiveness of the classification over three years.These two distinct change detection methods were used to identify abandoned cropland in the study area,and their accuracy and effectiveness were evaluated.The land-use trajectory method performed better than the NDVI time series method for extracting abandoned cropland,with an OA of 83.5% and an F1 score of 84.7%.According to the land-use trajectory detection results,the study area had 164.6 km^(2) of abandoned cropland area in 2021,with an abandonment rate of 16.3%.Furthermore,cropland abandonment mainly occurred in the northwestern part of the region,which has harsh natural conditions,while abandonment was rare in the southern and eastern regions.Topography and landforms significantly influenced the spatial distribution of abandoned cropland,with most abandoned cropland located in mountainous regions with higher elevations and steeper slopes.The abandonment rate generally increased with the elevation and slope.These findings provide valuable references and guidance for selecting appropriate methods to identify abandoned cropland and analyze its spatial distribution in the hilly and gully regions.Our proposed methods offer robust solutions for monitoring abandoned cropland and optimizing land-use change detection in similar regions with complex landforms.展开更多
基金supported by the Yunnan Provincial Education Department Scientific Research Fund Project(Grant No.2022J0525).
文摘Before nationwide implementation of waste classification programs in rural areas,identifying suitable pilot regions is crucial.This study develops a comprehensive framework for assessing and selecting these pilot regions.Data were collected through 654 valid questionnaires and interviews with respondents from rural areas in six provinces across China.Primary assessment criteria included disposal methods for kitchen waste,recyclables,hazardous waste,and residual waste,as well as farmers’willingness to separate hazardous waste when offered compensation and the impact of centralized waste treatment in villages.Secondary criteria focused on disposal methods for agrochemical packages and other hazardous waste.Using the weighted sum of squares method,the study evaluated the suitability of six regions as pilot areas for waste classification.The results identified villages in Jiangsu province and Hebei province as the most suitable pilot regions.Based on the findings,the study provides recommendations to address weaknesses in these regions to enhance the effectiveness of future trials and offers tailored suggestions for other regions to improve their waste classification initiatives.
基金Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,Spain(NextGeneration EU fundsMaría Zambrano Program 124/MTAI/22+2 种基金and PID2020-113320RB-I00)Agency for Management of University and Research Grants,Regional Government of Catalonia,Spain(2021-SGR-00900)Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA).
文摘Background Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry,as it allows for disassociating the localiza-tion of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial insemination.While freeze-thawing is known to impair sperm DNA integrity,whether the damage induced consists of single-(SSB)or double-strand breaks(DSB)has not been determined.In addition,no previous study has addressed if DNA breaks preferentially reside in specific genome regions such as those forming the toroid linker regions,or are rather spread throughout the regions linked to protamines.The main aim of the present work,therefore,was to elucidate the type and localization of the DNA damage generated by cryopreservation and to evaluate its impact on artificial insemination outcomes in cattle.Results The incidence of SSB and DSB was evaluated in 12 ejaculates before and after cryopreservation with the Comet assay,and the localization of the DNA breaks was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Before cryopreservation,the incidence of SSB was 10.99%±4.62%and involved 20.56%±3.04%of sperm cells,whereas these figures significantly(P<0.0001)increased up to 34.11%±3.48%and 53.36%±11.00%in frozen-thawed sperm.In contrast,no significant differences in the incidence of DSB were observed(P>0.990)before and after cryopreservation(before:incidence of 13.91%±1.75%of sperm DNA affecting 56.04%±12.49%of sperm cells;after:incidence of 13.55%±1.55%of sperm DNA involving 53.36%±11.00%of sperm cells).Moreover,PFGE revealed that the percentage of sperm DNA fragments whose length was shorter than a toroid(<31.5 kb)was greater(P<0.0001)after(27.00%±4.26%)than before freeze-thawing(15.57%±4.53%).These differences indicated that the DNA breaks induced by cryopreservation affect the regions condensed in protamines,which are structured in toroids.On the other hand,in vivo fertility rates were associated to the incidence of SSB and DSB in frozen-thawed sperm(P=0.032 and P=0.005),but not with the size of the DNA fragments resulting from these breaks(P>0.05).Conclusion Cryopreservation of bovine sperm generates single-strand DNA breaks,which are mainly located in protamine-condensed toroidal regions.The incidence of DNA breaks in cryopreserved sperm has an impact on cat-tle fertility,regardless of the size of generated fragments.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2300501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41921001 and 42401440)。
文摘In many existing dictionaries,cropland is defined as land that is suitable for or used to grow crops.It has several synonyms,such as“farmland”,“arable land”,and“cultivated land”.However,in scientific literature,the nuances of these terms are often overlooked.The inconsistent terminology usage could lead to ambiguity and confusion in research and policy discussions.In particular,it creates difficulties for newcomers and students when they search for precise information in the published literature.Hence,exploring the variations of terminology applications is important for the cropland-related research community.In this study,the differences in six cropland-related terminologies were explored through a review of 5,214 scientific articles,by employing the independence test,clustering approach,and correlation analysis.The results showed that disparities exist across disciplines.For example,biodiversity&conservation studies preferentially use“farmland”to highlight effects from human activities,while studies in geology and computer science use“cropland”.The term“cultivated land”tends to be used in geography research for clear geographical demarcation,while“arable land”is related to engineering studies.Moreover,further disparities based on the geographical affiliations of the authors were found.The correlation between China and“cultivated land”was reliable and a close link was found between“agricultural land”and the USA.The regional variations in cropland terminology can be influenced by multiple factors,including the degree of agricultural mechanization,colonial history,and migration patterns.This study reveals variations in cropland-related terminology across disciplines and regions.The results highlight the importance of standardizing cropland terminology to foster interdisciplinary research,improve data comparability,and support global agricultural and environmental policymaking.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42261028)the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Light of West China”Program for Western Young Scholars(23JR6KA027)+3 种基金the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province(24JRRA167)the Key Research and Development Program on Ecological Civilization Construction of Gansu Province(25YFFA012)Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Fund Project(24CXGA063)Scientific Research Projects on Ecological and Environmental Protection in Heilongjiang Province in 2023(Grant No.:HST2023ZR005)。
文摘Surface albedo,as one of the important properties of the underlying surface,has a significant impact on the surface energy balance in cold regions.However,due to the complexity of the factors affecting surface albedo,existing calculations still contain inaccuracies.Therefore,this study conducted surface albedo experiments on loess with different water contents and temperatures.By analyzing the surface albedo measurements of samples with varying temperature and water content levels,as well as the soil freezing characteristic curve(SFCC)and soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC)of loess,the study explores the influence of soil temperature and water content on the surface albedo of loess.The results indicate that both the temperature and water content of loess jointly affect surface albedo.During the process of albedo change,there exists a water content threshold that alters the trend of surface albedo.Soil temperature influences surface albedo by affecting the content of pore ice and liquid water within the soil.When the water content of loess is relatively low,the surface albedo decreases as the unfrozen water content decreases.However,this trend changes as the water content of loess increases.Additionally,a decrease in soil temperature lowers the moisture content threshold during the changes in surface albedo.This study provides a reference for exploring and determining the surface energy balance in cold regions under the background of warm and humid climates,as well as for establishing thermal calculation boundaries.
基金Supported by Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project,No.23JRRA725Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Northwest Minzu University in 2025,No.31920250001-382024 Qinghai Province's"Kunlun Talent High-end Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talent Project"Cultivates Top Talents Project,No.QHKLYC-GDCXCY-2024-155.
文摘BACKGROUND Metabolomics sequencing technology was used to investigate the changes of intestinal flora and metabolites in gastric cancer patients in plateau areas.AIM To investigate changes in gut microbiota and their metabolites in patients with gastric cancer from plateau regions using untargeted metabolomic sequencing.METHODS Fresh morning fecal samples were collected from 30 gastric cancer patients diagnosed at a tertiary hospital in Qinghai Province and 30 healthy individuals(controls).Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomic sequencing was used to analyze metabolite changes and predict metabolic function.RESULTS Metabolomic analysis identified 281 metabolites in samples from both groups.These metabolites were categorized into eight major classes,listed in descending order of abundance:Lipids and lipid-like molecules(35.443%);organic acids and derivatives(29.114%);organic oxygen compounds(15.19%);nucleosides,nucleotides,and analogs(13.924%);organoheterocyclic compounds(2.532%),amino acids and peptides(1.266%);benzenoids(1.266%);and fatty acids(1.266%).Compared with the control group,the top 10 metabolites elevated in the gastric cancer group included:Dethiobiotin,glycylproline,glycine,hydroxyisocaproic acid,tyramine,methionine sulfoxide,5-aminopentanoic acid,citrulline,betonicine,and formiminoglutamic acid and the top 10 decreased were:Cytidine,5'-methylthioadenosine,trehalose,melibiose,lotaustralin,adenosine,inosine,ribothymidine,raffinose,and galactinol.Functional prediction analysis revealed that these differential metabolites were primarily enriched in 12 metabolic pathways,including purine metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism,galactose metabolism,lysine degradation,glycine,serine,and threonine metabolism,biotin metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,histidine metabolism,primary bile acid biosynthesis,starch and sucrose metabolism,and tyrosine metabolism.CONCLUSION Significant differences in intestinal microbial metabolites and associated metabolic pathways were observed between gastric cancer patients and healthy controls residing in plateau regions.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2200801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32471864)+1 种基金the Science&Technology Project for Excellent Young Scholars of Liaoning Province(2024JH3/10200036)Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2403180).
文摘Branch length and branch diameter are important characteristics that determine wood quality and yield.Development of static branch length and diameter models by incorporating individual tree variables,site quality and competition have been widely studied,while the climate effect has rarely been reported.In this study,mixed-effects climate-sensitive branch length and diameter models were developed based on 228 sample trees of Larix kaempferi from three latitude regions in China(approximate 42°N in Liaoning Province,33°N in Gansu Province,and 30°N in Hubei Province).Results revealed that diameter at breast height,and crown ratio,sum of the basal areas of trees larger than the subject trees,dominant tree height,mean warmest month temperature,and summer precipitation substantially improved branch length model.Diameter at breast height,and crown ratio,ratio of the sum of DBH in sample plot to the subject tree,dominant tree height,mean warmest month temperature,and spring precipitation significantly improved branch diameter model.Compared with base model,mean square error reduction of mixed-effects branch length and diameter models were 32.9%and 44.1%,respectively.The relative contributions of covariates to branch length model were tree size(59.1%),site quality(25.7%),competition(13.5%),and climate(1.7%),and branch diameter model were tree size(57.0%),competition(21.9%),site quality(18.3%),and climate(2.8%).Relative contributions of covariates on branch length and diameter models from different latitude regions were different.Effects of competition on branch length model in Liaoning and Hubei were larger than climate,whereas climate in Gansu was larger than competition.As for branch diameter model,competition in Liaoning was larger than site quality,whereas site quality in Hubei and Gansu was larger than competition.The present study strengthened the importance of considering climate variables in developing branch length and diameter model.It is desirable to disentangle the different sources of variations in affecting branch length and diameter from different latitude regions to reduce the uncertainty in predicting branch characteristics under the condition of climate changing.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1300701)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022JDJQ0015).
文摘Economic development,food security,and ecological preservation are important issues encountered by karst re-gions.Faced with complex natural and social dynamics,we attempted to explore how interdependence within socio-ecological system(SES)shaped sustainability in this region.A SES framework was constructed and three scenarios were predesigned:economic priority scenario,food security scenario,and ecological protection sce-nario.The System Dynamics model was used to simulate and forecast the evolution across various scenarios within the SES from 2005 to 2035.Through the Production-Possibility Frontiers in combined scenarios,trade-offpotential was identified and quantified.The results showed that the decoupling between social and ecological subsystems can be weaken in economic priority scenario,while coupling between them can be strengthen in food security scenario and ecological protection scenario.Within the SES,combined scenario analyses further suggest that the rocky desertification rate and the urban-rural income ratio exhibit the least trade-offpotential and inten-sity in combined economic priority scenario and ecological protection scenario,and the Soil Conservation and Food Supply demonstrate the least trade-offpotential and intensity in combined economic priority scenario and food security scenario.We can conclude the ecological engineering plays a significant role in alleviating trade-offs within the SES,but the effectiveness is limited.In light of intertwined socio-ecological challenges,combining ecological engineering with adaptive adjustments is a crucial strategy to enhance SES resilience and promote sustainable development in the South China Karst.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(7247042122)the Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province,China(2024ZX12C06).
文摘Objective:Effective Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)management is particularly important in cold regions of China,where climate and lifestyle factors play significant roles.However,there is a lack of relevant studies in this area.Therefore,the purpose of this study was:(1)to assess the status of self-management capacity in individuals with CKD in cold regions of China and analyze the factors influencing it;(2)to identify strategies to improve CKD management in primary care settings in these regions;and(3)to understand patients'attitudes toward eHealth services.Methods:This was a regional,cross-sectional observational study.A questionnaire measuring CKD patients'self-management abilities was derived from the Perceived Kidney Disease Self-Management Scale,the Kidney Disease Behavioral Inventory(KDBI),and the Health Literacy Questionnaire.Data were collected from hospitalized CKD patients in Heilongjiang Province and analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA),Hierarchical Regression Analysis,and K-prototype cluster analysis.Results:A total of 957 participants were tested.Of these,70.64%had less than a bachelor's degree,and 56.27%had been diagnosed with hypertensive or diabetic nephropathy.The KDBI scale showed a lower overall score compared to the PKDSMS.Factors such as CKD stage 4(F=2.367,P=0.042),last year's medical expenses(F=3.974,P=0.004),and poor self-rated health(F=33.352,P<0.01)were found to influence scores on both scales.The health literacy questionnaire revealed significant differences(P<0.01)in health knowledge,except by sex.Additionally,healthcare expenditures and poor self-rated health were negatively associated with self-management capacity.Conclusion:This study provides valuable insights into the self-management challenges faced by CKD patients in cold regions of China.Despite some difficulties in improving self-management,patients showed positive attitudes toward enhancing CKD management services in primary care and developing digital management tools.These findings offer useful references and recommendations for future clinical practice and research in this field.
基金support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020395)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences grant XDB 41000000(Y.L.)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42273042 and 41931077)"From 0 to 1"Original Exploration Cultivation Project,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(DHSZZ2023-3)Guizhou Provincial Foundation for Excellent Scholars Program(No.GCC[2023]088)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects:QKHJCZK[2023]-General 473NSFC Young Scientist Fund(Nos.42303041 and 42403043)。
文摘Permanently shadowed regions(PSRs)on the Moon are potential reservoirs for water ice,making them hot spots for future lunar exploration.The water ice in PSRs would cause distinctive changes in space weathering there,in particular reduction-oxidation processes that diff er from those in illuminated regions.To determine the characteristics of products formed during space weathering in PSRs,the lunar meteorite NWA 10203 with artifi cially added water was irradiated with a nanosecond laser to simulate a micro-meteorite bombardment of lunar soil containing water ice.The TEM results of the water-incorporated sample showed distinct amorphous rims that exhibited irregular thickness,poor stratifi cation,the appearance of bubbles,and a reduced number of npFe^(0).Additionally,EELS analysis showed the presence of ferric iron at the rim of the nanophase metallic iron particles(npFe^(0))in the amorphous rim with the involvement of water.The results suggest that water ice is another possible factor contributing to oxidation during micrometeorite bombardment on the lunar surface.In addition,it off ers a reference for a new space weathering model that incorporates water in PSRs,which could be widespread on asteroids with volatiles.
基金supported by grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2101402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972064,32302030)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731334)。
文摘Fermented chili products are popular traditional fermented foods around the world.However,differences in microbial communities in fermented chilies from different regions and how they affect the flavor compounds in chili fermentation have not been reported.In this study,the dynamics of flavor compounds and microbial communities in fermented chilies from Sichuan,Guizhou,and Hunan were systematically investigated by macro-genome sequencing,solid phase microextraction-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS),electronic nose,and electronic tongue techniques.Simultaneously,the microbial metabolic mechanisms and the relationship between flavor compounds and microbiome were unraveled through staged and simulated fermentation analysis.The results showed that 53 chemical odorants,including alcohols,esters,aldehydes,and acids,were identified as chemical markers to differentiate the regional samples.A total of 12 microbial species,including Staphylococcus xylosus,unclassified Staphylococcus species,Weissella confusus,Lactococcus cremoris,Lactococcus garvieae,Lactiplantibacillus sakei,Pediciococcus propionicigenes,Pediciococcus idahonensis,Pediciococcus aciditolerans,Nocardioides antri,Debaryomyces hansenii,and Colletotrichum scovillei,were identified as microbial markers to differentiate the regional samples.Correlation analysis showed that Lactobacillaceae was associated with fruity,floral,spicy,and fatty aromas.The electronic nose and tongue analysis results showed that 9 flavor and 8 taste indicators significantly differed between regional samples(P<0.05).Additionally,flavor compounds and microbial diversity were robust under initial selection stress and showed higher diversity under metabolome-microbiome interactions.Importantly,simulated fermentation confirmed that metabolome-microbiome interactions drove the shift in microbial structure,metabolism,and flavor in regionally fermented chilies.These results provide insights into the succession of microbial communities and the formation of flavor compounds in chili fermentation,which may enable the future replication of fermented foods with the same flavor.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42407241,42272326 and 52222905)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20242BAB20241,20242BAB23052 and 20242BAB24001).
文摘The spatial distribution of overburden layer thickness(OLT)is crucial for landslide susceptibility prediction and slope stability analysis.Due to OLT spatial heterogeneity in hillslope regions,combined with the difficulty and time consumption of OLT sample collection,accurately predicting OLT distribution remains a challenging.To address this,a novel framework has been developed.First,OLT samples are collected through field surveys,remote sensing,and geological drilling.Next,the heterogeneity of OLT’s spatial distribution is analyzed using the probability distribution of OLT samples and their horizontal and vertical distributions.The OLT samples are categorized and the small sample categories are expanded using the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE).The slope position is selected as a key conditioning factor.Subsequently,16 conditioning factors are applied to construct OLT prediction model using the random forest regression algorithm.Weights are assigned to each OLT sample category to balance the uneven distribution of sample sizes.Finally,the Pearson correlation coefficient,mean absolute error(MAE),root mean square error(RMSE),and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient(Lin’s CCC)are employed to validate the OLT prediction results.The Huangtan town serves as the case study.Results show:(1)heterogeneity analysis,SMOTE-based OLT sample expansion strategy and slope position selection can significantly mitigate the effect of spatial heterogeneity on OLT prediction.(2)The Pearson correlation coefficient,RMSE,MAE and Lin’s CCC values are 0.84,1.173,1.378 and 0.804,respectively,indicating excellent prediction performance.This research provides an effective solution for predicting OLT distribution in hillslope regions.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Scientific Research Development Fund of Heilongjiang Province,2020(Grant No.LBH-Q20157).
文摘Background:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR)and cancer antigen 724(CA724)in patients with proximal gastric cancer residing in cold climate regions.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 313 patients diagnosed with proximal gastric cancer in cold climate regions between 2014 and 2017.Preoperative hematological markers,including LMR and CA724,were assessed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to determine optimal cutoff values,which were then combined to form the LMR+CA724 score.Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival curves,log-rank tests,and Cox proportional hazards regression.Results:A high preoperative LMR+CA724 score was significantly associated with older age,advanced pTNM stage,vascular invasion,and elevated levels of NMPVR,NMR,and AAR.The LMR+CA724 score demonstrated a higher area under the curve(AUC)compared to LMR or CA724 alone.Multivariate analysis identified pTNM stage,Borrmann type,histological type,and the LMR+CA724 score as independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS).A nomogram incorporating these four variables achieved an AUC of 0.817,indicating strong predictive performance.Conclusion:The LMR+CA724 score is a reliable and independent prognostic indicator for patients with proximal gastric cancer in cold climate regions.Its integration into clinical practice may support treatment planning and long-term management by enhancing personalized care.Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings in broader and more diverse patient populations.
基金This study was conducted as a part of the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project(CRP)“Isotope techniques for the evaluation of water sources in irrigation systems(F-33025)”。
文摘Agriculture is a major contributor to the global economy,accounting for approximately 70%of the freshwater use,which cause significant stress on aquifers in intensively irrigated regions.This stress often leads to the decline in both the quantity and quality of groundwater resources.This study is focused on an intensively irrigated region of Northern India to investigate the sources and mechanism of groundwater recharge using a novel integrated approach combining isotope hydrology,Artificial Neural Network(ANN),and hydrogeochemical models.The study identifies several key sources of groundwater recharge,including natural precipitation,river infiltration,Irrigation Return Flow(IRF),and recharge from canals.Some groundwater samples exhibit mixing from various sources.Groundwater recharge from IRF is found to be isotopically enriched due to evaporation and characterized by high Cl−.Stable isotope modeling of evaporative enrichment in irrigated water helped to differentiate the IRF during various cultivation periods(Kharif and Rabi)and deduce the climatic conditions prevailed during the time of recharge.The model quantified that 29%of the irrigated water is lost due to evaporation during the Kharif period and 20%during the Rabi period,reflecting the seasonal variations in IRF contribution to the groundwater.The ANN model,trained with isotope hydrogeochemical data,effectively captures the complex interrelationships between various recharge sources,providing a robust framework for understanding the groundwater dynamics in the study area.A conceptual model was developed to visualize the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge sources,highlighting how seasonal irrigation practices influence the groundwater.The integration of isotope hydrology with ANN methodologies proved to be effective in elucidating the multiple sources and processes of groundwater recharge,offering insights into the sustainability of aquifer systems in intensively irrigated regions.These findings are critical for developing data-driven groundwater management strategies that can adapt to future challenges,including climate change,shifting land use patterns,and evolving agricultural demands.The results have significant implications for policymakers and water resource managers seeking to ensure sustainable groundwater use in water-scarce regions.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2017YFC0602202.
文摘The distribution of igneous rocks is closely related to hydrocarbon resources.This study utilized high-precision gravity,magnetic,and rock physical property data,employing gravity-magnetic field fusion technology and Euler deconvolution technology.The objective was to identify the distribution of igneous rocks in the China Seas and neighboring regions and investigate their relationships with petroliferous basins.Our results reveal that igneous rocks are widely scattered throughout the China Seas and neighboring regions,with the highest concentration in the northwest(NW)and the second highest concentration in the east-northeast(ENE).The largest-scale igneous rocks are those with a north-south(N-S)orientation,followed by those with northeast(NE),NW,and ENE orientations.The depths of igneous rocks within petroliferous basins typically range from 3 km to 9 km and are associated with hydrocarbon resource distributions characterized by deep oil and shallow gas.The proportions of igneous rocks in different types of basins exhibit varying correlations with the total hydrocarbon resources.In particular,the proportion of igneous rocks in rift-type basins in the China Seas exhibits a strong linear correlation with the total hydrocarbon resources.These research findings provide valuable guidance for studying the relationship between igneous rock distribution and petroliferous basins,offering insights that can inform future hydrocarbon exploration endeavors.
文摘BACKGROUND To investigate whether seasonal differences in ambient temperature affect the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)among elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in tropical regions.Additionally,it explored the perioperative risk factors associated with early POCD following abdominal laparoscopic surgery.AIM To investigate the influence of seasonal differences in ambient temperature on POCD of elderly patients METHODS A total of 125 patients aged≥65 years from Hainan Province,China,who underwent laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation,were enrolled. All patients completed the Mini-Mental State Examination one day before surgery and onpostoperative days 1, 3, and 7. A decline of ≥ 2 points from baseline was considered indicative of cognitivedysfunction. Serum levels of S100 calcium binding protein B and neuron-specific enolase were measured usingenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at three time points: Preoperatively, immediately after extubation, and 24hours postoperatively. Perioperative clinical data were collected to identify potential risk factors for POCD.Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed (1:1, caliper = 0.03), resulting in 41 matched patient pairs betweenwinter and summer groups.RESULTSAfter PSM, baseline characteristics including age, gender, body mass index, education level, comorbidities, andsurgical variables were well balanced between groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence ofPOCD on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 between patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in winter vs summer.However, multivariable logistic regression revealed that surgical duration (day 1, P value = 0.049), advanced ageand elevated creatinine (day 3, P value = 0.044, P value = 0.008), and hypoalbuminemia (day 3, P value = 0.042;day7, P value = 0.015) were independently associated with early POCD.CONCLUSIONAmbient temperature differences between winter and summer in tropical regions did not significantly affect theincidence of early POCD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Nonetheless, age, longer surgicalduration, elevated creatinine, and hypoalbuminemia emerged as key risk factors. These findings underscore theimportance of perioperative optimization to reduce the risk of POCD in elderly patients, regardless of seasonaltemperature variations.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20CMZ033)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU24ZZ125).
文摘Mountainous minority regions in China,characterized by abundant natural and cultural resources,ecologically fragile environments,and often geographically remote locations,pose distinct developmental challenges and opportunities.Despite the complexity and typicality of Chinese mountainous ethnic minority regions in terms of eco-cultural tourism and land use dynamics,the interplay among tourism development,land use changes,and landscape ecological risk in these specific contexts has received insufficient attention.To explore how eco-cultural tourism development in ethnic minority mountainous regions affects land use and landscape ecology,this study investigates the evolution of land use in Southeast Guizhou Province from 1980-2020,integrating GIS spatial analysis,the landscape pattern index and landscape ecological risk index analysis.Over the past four decades(1980-2020),eco-cultural tourism has driven significant land use transformations characterized by substantial expansion of building land,growth of ecological land(notably forest land and water areas),and reduction of cultivated land.Concurrently,landscape ecological risk evolved through distinct phases-showing an overall increase during 1980-2000 with expanding medium-risk zones,followed by stabilization from 2000-2020.Tourism development accelerated these land transitions while fostering multifunctional compound land uses,enhancing both land value and utilization efficiency.Crucially,eco-cultural tourism in ethnic regions demonstrates capacity to reconcile ecological conservation with economic development,providing transferable models for similar regions globally.
基金funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative(2024VCC0009).
文摘Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity,significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions.Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and native plants based on ecological capacity,biological restoration,and risk management can be valuable tools for combating desertification.In this study,we identified suitable areas for the growth of economic and medicinal Moringa peregrina trees in desert regions of Sistan and Baluchestan Province,southern Iran,using library research and field methods.We also assessed the economic involvement of local communities in areas under different topographic conditions(namely flat area,undulating area,rolling area,moderately sloping area,and steep area)in the study area.Financial indicators such as the net present value(NPV),benefit-cost ratio(BCR),internal rate of return(IRR),and return on investment(ROI)were calculated for areas under various topographic conditions in the study area.The rolling area with results of NPV(6142.75 USD),IRR(103.38),BCR(5.38),and ROI(in the 3rd year)was the best region for investing and cultivating M.peregrina.The minimum economic level varied from 0.80 hm2 in the flat area to 21.60 hm2 in the steep area.Also,approximately 5,314,629.51 hm2 of desert lands in the study area were deemed suitable for M.peregrina cultivation,benefiting around 1,743,246 households in the study area.Cultivating M.peregrina in southern Iran can positively affect local communities and help preserve land from erosion.Our study will provide theoretical support for planting native species in other degraded desert regions to enhance ecosystem services and the well-being of indigenous populations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52068045,U21A2012 and 41825015。
文摘Here,a seismic-response analysis model was proposed for evaluating the nonlinear seismic response of a pile-supported bridge pier under frozen and thawed soil conditions.The effect of a seasonally frozen soil layer on the seismic vulnerability of a pile-supported bridge pier was evaluated based on reliability theory.Although the frozen soil layer inhibited the seismic response of the ground surface to a certain extent,it exacerbated the acceleration response at the bridge pier top owing to the low radiation damping effect of the frozen soil layer.Furthermore,the frozen soil layer reduced the lateral displacement of the bridge pier top relative to the ground surface by approximately 80%,thereby preventing damage caused by earthquakes,such as falling girders.Compared to the thawed state of the ground surface,the bending moment of the bridge pier in frozen ground increases.However,the bending moment of the pile foundation in frozen ground decreases,thereby lessening the seismic vulnerability of the bridge pile foundation.The results of this can provide a reference for the seismic response analysis and seismic risk assessment of pile-supported bridges in seasonally frozen regions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1900300)the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China(B12007)+1 种基金the 111 Project of Chinathe support by the China Scholarship Council(202306300092).
文摘Cropland abandonment has become a global issue that poses significant threats to sustainable cropland management,national food security,and the ecological environment.Remote sensing technology is crucial for identifying and monitoring abandoned cropland in large-scale areas.However,limited information is available on the effective identification methods and spatial distribution patterns of abandoned cropland in the hilly and gully regions.This study introduced two methods-the land-use trajectory and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)time series-for monitoring abandoned cropland and evaluating its spatial distribution in Yanhe River Basin using Landsat-8 images from 2019 to 2021.The results showed that using a random forest algorithm,high-precision annual land-use classifications were achieved with the generation of reliable land-cover samples and an optimized feature dataset.The overall accuracy(OA)and Kappa coefficient of the land-use maps exceeded 90% and 0.88,respectively,demonstrating the effectiveness of the classification over three years.These two distinct change detection methods were used to identify abandoned cropland in the study area,and their accuracy and effectiveness were evaluated.The land-use trajectory method performed better than the NDVI time series method for extracting abandoned cropland,with an OA of 83.5% and an F1 score of 84.7%.According to the land-use trajectory detection results,the study area had 164.6 km^(2) of abandoned cropland area in 2021,with an abandonment rate of 16.3%.Furthermore,cropland abandonment mainly occurred in the northwestern part of the region,which has harsh natural conditions,while abandonment was rare in the southern and eastern regions.Topography and landforms significantly influenced the spatial distribution of abandoned cropland,with most abandoned cropland located in mountainous regions with higher elevations and steeper slopes.The abandonment rate generally increased with the elevation and slope.These findings provide valuable references and guidance for selecting appropriate methods to identify abandoned cropland and analyze its spatial distribution in the hilly and gully regions.Our proposed methods offer robust solutions for monitoring abandoned cropland and optimizing land-use change detection in similar regions with complex landforms.
