Astronomical knowledge entities,such as celestial object identifiers,are crucial for literature retrieval and knowledge graph construction,and other research and applications in the field of astronomy.Traditional meth...Astronomical knowledge entities,such as celestial object identifiers,are crucial for literature retrieval and knowledge graph construction,and other research and applications in the field of astronomy.Traditional methods of extracting knowledge entities from texts face numerous challenging obstacles that are difficult to overcome.Consequently,there is a pressing need for improved methods to efficiently extract them.This study explores the potential of pre-trained Large Language Models(LLMs)to perform astronomical knowledge entity extraction(KEE)task from astrophysical journal articles using prompts.We propose a prompting strategy called PromptKEE,which includes five prompt elements,and design eight combination prompts based on them.We select four representative LLMs(Llama-2-70B,GPT-3.5,GPT-4,and Claude 2)and attempt to extract the most typical astronomical knowledge entities,celestial object identifiers and telescope names,from astronomical journal articles using these eight combination prompts.To accommodate their token limitations,we construct two data sets:the full texts and paragraph collections of 30 articles.Leveraging the eight prompts,we test on full texts with GPT-4and Claude 2,on paragraph collections with all LLMs.The experimental results demonstrate that pre-trained LLMs show significant potential in performing KEE tasks,but their performance varies on the two data sets.Furthermore,we analyze some important factors that influence the performance of LLMs in entity extraction and provide insights for future KEE tasks in astrophysical articles using LLMs.Finally,compared to other methods of KEE,LLMs exhibit strong competitiveness in multiple aspects.展开更多
Cross-matching is a key technique to achieve fusion of multi-band astronomical catalogs. Due to different equipment such as various astronomical telescopes, the existence of measurement errors, and proper motions of t...Cross-matching is a key technique to achieve fusion of multi-band astronomical catalogs. Due to different equipment such as various astronomical telescopes, the existence of measurement errors, and proper motions of the celestial bodies, the same celestial object will have different positions in different catalogs, making it difficult to integrate multi-band or full-band astronomical data. In this study, we propose an online cross-matching method based on pseudo-spherical indexing techniques and develop a service combining with high performance computing system(Taurus) to improve cross-matching efficiency, which is designed for the Data Center of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory. Specifically, we use Quad Tree Cube to divide the spherical blocks of the celestial object and map the 2D space composed of R.A. and decl. to 1D space and achieve correspondence between real celestial objects and spherical patches. Finally, we verify the performance of the service using Gaia 3 and PPMXL catalogs. Meanwhile, we send the matching results to VO tools-Topcat and Aladin respectively to get visual results. The experimental results show that the service effectively solves the speed bottleneck problem of crossmatching caused by frequent I/O, and significantly improves the retrieval and matching speed of massive astronomical data.展开更多
We perform a time-resolved statistical study of GRB 221009A’s X-ray emission using Swift XRT Photon Counting and Windowed Timing data.After standard reduction(barycentric correction,pile-up,background subtraction via...We perform a time-resolved statistical study of GRB 221009A’s X-ray emission using Swift XRT Photon Counting and Windowed Timing data.After standard reduction(barycentric correction,pile-up,background subtraction via HEASOFT),we extracted light curves for each observational ID and for their aggregation.Countrate histograms were fitted using various statistical distributions;fit quality was assessed by chi-squared and the Bayesian Information Criterion.The first observational segment is best described by a Gaussian distribution(χ^(2)=68.4;BIC=7651.2),and the second by a Poisson distribution(χ^(2)=33.5;BIC=4413.3).When all segments are combined,the lognormal model provides the superior fit(χ^(2)=541.9;BIC=34365.5),indicating that the full data set’s count rates exhibit the skewness expected from a multiplicative process.These findings demonstrate that while individual time intervals conform to discrete or symmetric statistics,the collective emission profile across multiple observations is better captured by a lognormal distribution,consistent with complex,compounded variability in GRB afterglows.展开更多
We developed a GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with a candidate-archiving database.Largely based upon the infrastructure of the open source PulsaR Exploration and Search Toolkit(PRESTO),GSP implements GPU a...We developed a GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with a candidate-archiving database.Largely based upon the infrastructure of the open source PulsaR Exploration and Search Toolkit(PRESTO),GSP implements GPU acceleration of the de-dispersion and integrates a candidate-archiving database.We applied GSP to the data streams from the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS),which resulted in quasi-real-time processing.The integrated candidate database facilitates synergistic usage of multiple machine-learning tools and thus improves efficient identification of radio pulsars such as rotating radio transients(RRATs)and fast radio bursts(FRBs).We first tested GSP on pilot CRAFTS observations with the FAST Ultra-Wide Band(UWB)receiver.GSP detected all pulsars known from the the Parkes multibeam pulsar survey in the corresponding sky area covered by the FAST-UWB.GSP also discovered 13 new pulsars.We measured the computational efficiency of GSP to be~120 times faster than the original PRESTO and~60 times faster than an MPI-parallelized version of PRESTO.展开更多
Pulsar polarization profiles form a very basic database for understanding the emission processes in a pulsar magnetosphere.After careful polarization calibration of the 19-beam L-band receiver and verification of beam...Pulsar polarization profiles form a very basic database for understanding the emission processes in a pulsar magnetosphere.After careful polarization calibration of the 19-beam L-band receiver and verification of beamoffset observation results,we obtain polarization profiles of 682 pulsars from observations by the Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)duringthe Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey and other normal FAST projects.Among them,polarization profiles of about 460 pulsars are observed for the first time.The profiles exhibit diverse features.Some pulsars have a polarization position angle curve with a good S-shaped swing,some with orthogonal modes;some have components with highly linearly polarized components or strong circularly polarized components;some have a very wide profile,coming from an aligned rotator,and some have an interpulse from a perpendicular rotator;some wide profiles are caused by interstellar scattering.We derive geometric parameters for 190 pulsars from the S-shaped position angle curves or with orthogonal modes.We find that the linear and circular polarization or the widths of pulse profiles have various frequency dependencies.Pulsars with a large fraction of linear polarization are more likely to have a large Edot.展开更多
With the application of advanced astronomical technologies, equipments and methods all over the world, astronomical observations cover the range from radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma-ray ba...With the application of advanced astronomical technologies, equipments and methods all over the world, astronomical observations cover the range from radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma-ray bands, and enter into the era of full wavelength astronomy. How to effectively integrate data from different ground- and space-based observation equipments, different observers, different bands and different observation times, requires data fusion technology. In this paper we introduce a cross-match tool that is developed in the Python language, is based on the PostgreSQL database and uses Q3C as the core index, facilitating the cross-match work of massive astronomical data. It provides four different cross- match functions, namely： （I） cross-match of the custom error range; （II） cross-match of catalog errors; （III） cross-match based on the elliptic error range; （IV） cross-match of the nearest neighbor algorithm. The resulting cross-matched set provides a good foundation for subsequent data mining and statistics based on multiwavelength data. The most advantageous aspect of this tool is a user-oriented tool applied locally by users. By means of this tool, users can easily create their own databases, manage their own data and cross- match databases according to their requirements. In addition, this tool is also able to transfer data from one database into another database. More importantly, it is easy to get started with the tool and it can be used by astronomers without writing any code.展开更多
The Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center faces issues related to delay-affected services. As a result, these services cannot be implemented in a timely manner due to the overloading of transmission links. In ...The Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center faces issues related to delay-affected services. As a result, these services cannot be implemented in a timely manner due to the overloading of transmission links. In this paper, the software-defined network technology is applied to the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network(XAODCN). Specifically, a novel reconfiguration method is proposed to realise the software-defined Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network(SDXAO-DCN), and a network model is constructed. To overcome the congestion problem, a traffic load-balancing algorithm is designed for fast transmission of the service traffic by combining three factors: network structure, congestion level and transmission service. The proposed algorithm is compared with current commonly load-balancing algorithms which are used in data center to verify its efficiency. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm improved transmission performance and transmission quality for the SDXAO-DCN.展开更多
This paper presents a database of the spectroscopic-and photometric-spectral energy distributions(spec-SEDs and phot-SEDs respectively)of the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae(CCSNe).Both binary-and single-star ...This paper presents a database of the spectroscopic-and photometric-spectral energy distributions(spec-SEDs and phot-SEDs respectively)of the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae(CCSNe).Both binary-and single-star progenitors are included in the database.The database covers the initial metallicity(Z)range of 0.0001-0.03,mass range of 8-25 M⊙,binary mass ratio range of 0-1,and orbital period range of 0.1-10000 d.The low-resolution spec-SEDs and phot-SEDs of single-and binary-star CCSN progenitors are included in the database.These data can be used for studying the basic parameters,e.g.,metallicity,age,and initial and final masses of CCSN progenitors.It can also be used for studying the effects of different factors on the determination of parameters of CCSN progenitors.When the database is utilized for fitting the SEDs of binary-star CCSN progenitors,it is strongly suggested to determine the metallicity and orbital period in advance,but this is not necessary for single-star progenitors.展开更多
We introduce the structure of a radio astronomy phased array feeds(PAF)beamforming demonstrator.In a laboratory environment,we have demonstrated beamforming on a received 1.25 GHz sinusoidal signal and used digital we...We introduce the structure of a radio astronomy phased array feeds(PAF)beamforming demonstrator.In a laboratory environment,we have demonstrated beamforming on a received 1.25 GHz sinusoidal signal and used digital weighting techniques to plot the 2D pattern of the PAF.The radio frequency part of the demonstrator includes a 4×4 linearly polarized microstrip antenna array,all of which is connected in series with a low-noise amplifier.The signals from the central 4×2 array elements are injected into a radio frequency system-on-chip digital board,which can receive eight inputs with a bandwidth of 512 MHz.Combining the principle of undersampling,the beamforming is completed at a frequency of 1.25 GHz for the offline data,and a 2D image of the beam is plotted using beam scanning technology.展开更多
We combine K-nearest neighbors(KNN)with a genetic algorithm(GA)for photometric redshift estimation of quasars,short for GeneticKNN,which is a weighted KNN approach supported by a GA.This approach has two improvements ...We combine K-nearest neighbors(KNN)with a genetic algorithm(GA)for photometric redshift estimation of quasars,short for GeneticKNN,which is a weighted KNN approach supported by a GA.This approach has two improvements compared to KNN:one is the feature weighted by GA;the other is that the predicted redshift is not the redshift average of K neighbors but the weighted average of median and mean of redshifts for K neighbors,i.e.p×zmedian+(1-p)×zmean.Based on the SDSS and SDSS-WISE quasar samples,we explore the performance of GeneticKNN for photometric redshift estimation,comparing with the other six traditional machine learning methods,i.e.the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),support vector regression(SVR),multi-layer perceptrons(MLP),XGBoost,KNN and random forest.KNN and random forest show their superiority.Considering the easy implementation of KNN,we make improvement on KNN as GeneticKNN and apply GeneticKNN on photometric redshift estimation of quasars.Finally the performance of GeneticKNN is better than that of LASSO,SVR,MLP,XGBoost,KNN and random forest for all cases.Moreover the accuracy is better with the additional WISE magnitudes for the same method.展开更多
We introduced a decision tree method called Random Forests for multiwavelength data classification. The data were adopted from different databases, including the Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS） Data Release five, US...We introduced a decision tree method called Random Forests for multiwavelength data classification. The data were adopted from different databases, including the Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS） Data Release five, USNO, FIRST and ROSAT. We then studied the discrimination of quasars from stars and the classification of quasars, stars and galaxies with the sample from optical and radio bands and with that from optical and X-ray bands. Moreover, feature selection and feature weighting based on Random Forests were investigated. The performances based on different input patterns were compared. The experimental results show that the random forest method is an effective method for astronomical object classification and can be applied to other classification problems faced in astronomy. In addition, Random Forests will show its superiorities due to its own merits, e.g. classification, feature selection, feature weighting as well as outlier detection.展开更多
The NASA Kepler mission obtained long-term high-quality photometric observations for a large number of stars in its original field of view from 2009 to 2013.To provide reliable stellar parameters in a homogeneous way,...The NASA Kepler mission obtained long-term high-quality photometric observations for a large number of stars in its original field of view from 2009 to 2013.To provide reliable stellar parameters in a homogeneous way,the LAMOST telescope began to carry out low-resolution spectroscopic observations for as many stars as possible in the Kepler field in 2012.By June 2018,238386 low-resolution spectra with SNRg≥6 had been collected for 155623 stars in the Kepler field,enabling the determination of atmospheric parameters and radial velocities,as well as spectral classification of the target stars.This information has been used by astronomers to carry out research in various fields,including stellar pulsations and asteroseismology,exoplanets,stellar magnetic activity and flares,peculiar stars and the Milky Way,binary stars,etc.We summarize the research progress in these fields where the usage of data from the LAMOST-Kepler(LK)project has played a role.In addition,time-domain medium-resolution spectroscopic observations have been carried out for about 12000 stars in four central plates of the Kepler field since 2018.The currently available results show that the LAMOST-Kepler medium resolution(LKMRS)observations provide qualified data suitable for research in additional science projects including binaries,high-amplitude pulsating stars,etc.As LAMOST is continuing to collect both low-and mediumresolution spectra of stars in the Kepler field,we expect more data to be released continuously and new scientific results to appear based on the LK project data.展开更多
Based on the SDSS and SDSS-WISE quasar datasets, we put forward two schemes to estimate the photometric redshifts of quasars. Our schemes are based on the idea that the samples are firstly classified into subsamples b...Based on the SDSS and SDSS-WISE quasar datasets, we put forward two schemes to estimate the photometric redshifts of quasars. Our schemes are based on the idea that the samples are firstly classified into subsamples by a classifier and then a photometric redshift estimation of different subsamples is performed by a regressor. Random Forest is adopted as the core algorithm of the classifiers, while Random Forest and k NN are applied as the key algorithms of regressors. The samples are divided into two subsamples and four subsamples, depending on the redshift distribution. The performances based on different samples, different algorithms and different schemes are compared. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of photometric redshift estimation for the two schemes generally improves to some extent compared to the original scheme in terms of the percents in |△z|1+zi< 0.1 and |△z|1+zi<0.2 and mean absolute error. Only given the running speed, k NN shows its superiority to Random Forest. The performance of Random Forest is a little better than or comparable to that of k NN with the two datasets. The accuracy based on the SDSS-WISE sample outperforms that based on the SDSS sample no matter by k NN or by Random Rorest. More information from more bands is considered and helpful to improve the accuracy of photometric redshift estimation. Evidently, it can be found that our strategy to estimate photometric redshift is applicable and may be applied to other datasets or other kinds of objects. Only talking about the percent in |△z|1+zi<0.3, there is still large room for further improvement in the photometric redshift estimation.展开更多
We present a star catalog extracted from the Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope （LUT） survey program. LUT＇s observable sky area is a circular belt around the Moon＇s north pole, and the survey program covers a prefe...We present a star catalog extracted from the Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope （LUT） survey program. LUT＇s observable sky area is a circular belt around the Moon＇s north pole, and the survey program covers a preferred area of about 2400 deg2 which includes a region of the Galactic plane. The data are processed with an automatic pipeline which copes with stray light contamination, artificial sources, cosmic rays, flat field calibration, photometry and so on. In the first release version, the catalog provides high confidence sources which have been cross-identified with the Tycho-2 catalog. All the sources have signalto-noise ratio larger than 5, and the corresponding magnitude limit is typically 14.4 mag, but can be as deep as -16 mag if stray light contamination is at the lowest level. A total of 86 467 stars are recorded in the catalog. The full catalog in electronic form is available online.展开更多
The usage of a subset of observed stars in a CCD image to find their corresponding matched stars in a stellar catalog is an important issue in astronomical research. Subgraph isomorphic-based algorithms are the most w...The usage of a subset of observed stars in a CCD image to find their corresponding matched stars in a stellar catalog is an important issue in astronomical research. Subgraph isomorphic-based algorithms are the most widely used methods in star catalog matching. When more subgraph features are provided, the CCD images are recognized better. However, when the navigation feature database is large, the method requires more time to match the observing model. To solve this problem, this study investigates further and improves subgraph isomorphic matching algorithms. We present an algorithm based on a locality-sensitive hashing technique, which allocates quadrilateral models in the navigation feature database into different hash buckets and reduces the search range to the bucket in which the observed quadrilateral model is located. Experimental results indicate the effectivity of our method.展开更多
A spatial orientation of angular momentum vectors of galaxies in six dynamically unstable Abell clusters（S1171, S0001, A1035, A1373, A1474 and A4053） is studied. For this, twodimensional observed parameters（e.g., p...A spatial orientation of angular momentum vectors of galaxies in six dynamically unstable Abell clusters（S1171, S0001, A1035, A1373, A1474 and A4053） is studied. For this, twodimensional observed parameters（e.g., positions, diameters and position angles） are converted into three-dimensional（3D） rotation axes of the galaxy using the ＇position angle-inclination＇ method. The expected isotropic distribution curves for angular momentum vectors are obtained by performing random simulations. The observed and expected distributions are compared using several statistical tests.No preferred alignments of angular momentum vectors of galaxies are noticed in all six dynamically unstable clusters, supporting the hierarchy model of galaxy formation. These clusters have a larger value of velocity dispersion. However, local effects are noticed in the clusters that have substructures in the1D-3D number density maps.展开更多
The paper describes observations of fast-moving near-Earth asteroids(NEAs) made with the small ground-based telescopes of National Time Service Center of Chinese Academy of Science(NTSC of CAS) and Research Institute ...The paper describes observations of fast-moving near-Earth asteroids(NEAs) made with the small ground-based telescopes of National Time Service Center of Chinese Academy of Science(NTSC of CAS) and Research Institute "Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory"(RI MAO) by the rotating-drift-scan CCD(RDS CCD) technique. This technique is used to obtain the point images of both the studied objects and reference stars. The results of ongoing follow-up observations of NEAs are discussed. The residual differences(O-C) between the observed and calculated positions from JPL ephemeris were generally small for these asteroids. The standard deviations of these differences were typically ±(0.2′′-0.3′′) in both coordinates for objects with apparent velocity which substantially exceed FWHM for the given exposure time. The results of comparative statistics for such observations from the MPC database show that this is a good level of precision for NEAs. Moreover, the telescopes with the RDS CCD technique implemented can observe the NEAs that closely approach the Earth and with enough observations can improve the precision of determining their orbital elements and impact predictions.展开更多
Considering features of stellar spectral radiation and sky surveys, we established a computational model for stellar effective temperatures, detected angular parameters and gray rates. Using known stellar flux data in...Considering features of stellar spectral radiation and sky surveys, we established a computational model for stellar effective temperatures, detected angular parameters and gray rates. Using known stellar flux data in some bands, we estimated stellar effective temperatures and detected angular parameters using stochastic particle swarm optimization （SPSO）. We first verified the reliability of SPSO, and then determined reasonable parameters that produced highly accurate estimates under certain gray deviation levels. Finally, we calculated 177 860 stellar effective temperatures and detected angular parameters using data from the Midcourse Space Experiment （MSX） catalog. These derived stellar effective temperatures were accurate when we compared them to known values from literatures. This research makes full use of catalog data and presents an original technique for studying stellar characteristics. It proposes a novel method for calculating stellar effective temperatures and detecting angular parameters, and provides theoretical and practical data for finding information about radiation in any band.展开更多
From Oct.2019 to Apr.2020,LAMOST performed a time-domain(TD)spectroscopic survey of four K2 plates with both low-and medium-resolution observations.The low-resolution spectroscopic survey acquired 282 exposures(≈46.6...From Oct.2019 to Apr.2020,LAMOST performed a time-domain(TD)spectroscopic survey of four K2 plates with both low-and medium-resolution observations.The low-resolution spectroscopic survey acquired 282 exposures(≈46.6 h)over 25 nights,yielding a total of about 767000 spectra,and the medium-resolution survey took 177 exposures(≈49.1 h)over 27 nights,collecting about 478000 spectra.More than 70%/50%of low-resolution/medium-resolution spectra have signal-to-noise ratio higher than 10.We determine stellar parameters(e.g.,Teff,log g,[Fe/H])and radial velocity(RV)with different methods,including LASP,DD-Payne and SLAM.In general,these parameter estimations from different methods show good agreement,and the stellar parameter values are consistent with those of APOGEE.We use the Gaia DR2 RV values to calculate a median RV zero point(RVZP)for each spectrograph exposure by exposure,and the RVZP-corrected RVs agree well with the APOGEE data.The stellar evolutionary and spectroscopic masses are estimated based on the stellar parameters,multi-band magnitudes,distances and extinction values.Finally,we construct a binary catalog including about 2700 candidates by analyzing their light curves,fitting the RV data,calculating the binarity parameters from medium-resolution spectra and cross-matching the spatially resolved binary catalog from Gaia EDR3.The LAMOST TD survey is expected to represent a breakthrough in various scientific topics,such as binary systems,stellar activity,stellar pulsation,etc.展开更多
We present a catalog of 3339 hot emission-line stars(ELSs)identified from 451695 O,B and A type spectra,provided by LAMOST Data Release 5(DR5).We developed an automated Python routine that identified 5437 spectra havi...We present a catalog of 3339 hot emission-line stars(ELSs)identified from 451695 O,B and A type spectra,provided by LAMOST Data Release 5(DR5).We developed an automated Python routine that identified 5437 spectra having a peak between 6561 and 6568.False detections and bad spectra were removed,leaving 4138 good emission-line spectra of 3339 unique ELSs.We re-estimated the spectral types of 3307 spectra as the LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline(LASP)did not provide accurate spectral types for these emission-line spectra.As Herbig Ae/Be stars exhibit higher excess in near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths than classical Ae/Be stars,we relied on 2 MASS and WISE photometry to distinguish them.Finally,we report 1089 classical Be,233 classical Ae and 56 Herbig Ae/Be stars identified from LAMOST DR5.In addition,928 B[em]/A[em]stars and 240 CAe/CBe potential candidates are identified.From our sample of 3339 hot ELSs,2716 ELSs identified in this work do not have any record in the SIMBAD database and they can be considered as new detections.Identification of such a large homogeneous set of emission-line spectra will help the community study the emission phenomenon in detail without worrying about the inherent biases when compiling from various sources.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.12273077,72101068,12373110,and 12103070)National Key Research and Development Program of China under grants(2022YFF0712400,2022YFF0711500)+2 种基金the 14th Five-year Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-WX2021SF-0204)supported by Astronomical Big Data Joint Research Centerco-founded by National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Alibaba Cloud。
文摘Astronomical knowledge entities,such as celestial object identifiers,are crucial for literature retrieval and knowledge graph construction,and other research and applications in the field of astronomy.Traditional methods of extracting knowledge entities from texts face numerous challenging obstacles that are difficult to overcome.Consequently,there is a pressing need for improved methods to efficiently extract them.This study explores the potential of pre-trained Large Language Models(LLMs)to perform astronomical knowledge entity extraction(KEE)task from astrophysical journal articles using prompts.We propose a prompting strategy called PromptKEE,which includes five prompt elements,and design eight combination prompts based on them.We select four representative LLMs(Llama-2-70B,GPT-3.5,GPT-4,and Claude 2)and attempt to extract the most typical astronomical knowledge entities,celestial object identifiers and telescope names,from astronomical journal articles using these eight combination prompts.To accommodate their token limitations,we construct two data sets:the full texts and paragraph collections of 30 articles.Leveraging the eight prompts,we test on full texts with GPT-4and Claude 2,on paragraph collections with all LLMs.The experimental results demonstrate that pre-trained LLMs show significant potential in performing KEE tasks,but their performance varies on the two data sets.Furthermore,we analyze some important factors that influence the performance of LLMs in entity extraction and provide insights for future KEE tasks in astrophysical articles using LLMs.Finally,compared to other methods of KEE,LLMs exhibit strong competitiveness in multiple aspects.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2022YFF0711502 and 2021YFC2203502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(12173077 and 12003062)+6 种基金the Tianshan Innovation Team Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2022D14020)the Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022TSYCCX0095)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. PTYQ2022YZZD01)China National Astronomical Data Center (NADC)the Operation,Maintenance and Upgrading Fund for Astronomical Telescopes and Facility Instruments,budgeted from the Ministry of Finance of China (MOF)and administrated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2022D01A360)supported by Astronomical Big Data Joint Research Center,co-founded by National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Cross-matching is a key technique to achieve fusion of multi-band astronomical catalogs. Due to different equipment such as various astronomical telescopes, the existence of measurement errors, and proper motions of the celestial bodies, the same celestial object will have different positions in different catalogs, making it difficult to integrate multi-band or full-band astronomical data. In this study, we propose an online cross-matching method based on pseudo-spherical indexing techniques and develop a service combining with high performance computing system(Taurus) to improve cross-matching efficiency, which is designed for the Data Center of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory. Specifically, we use Quad Tree Cube to divide the spherical blocks of the celestial object and map the 2D space composed of R.A. and decl. to 1D space and achieve correspondence between real celestial objects and spherical patches. Finally, we verify the performance of the service using Gaia 3 and PPMXL catalogs. Meanwhile, we send the matching results to VO tools-Topcat and Aladin respectively to get visual results. The experimental results show that the service effectively solves the speed bottleneck problem of crossmatching caused by frequent I/O, and significantly improves the retrieval and matching speed of massive astronomical data.
文摘We perform a time-resolved statistical study of GRB 221009A’s X-ray emission using Swift XRT Photon Counting and Windowed Timing data.After standard reduction(barycentric correction,pile-up,background subtraction via HEASOFT),we extracted light curves for each observational ID and for their aggregation.Countrate histograms were fitted using various statistical distributions;fit quality was assessed by chi-squared and the Bayesian Information Criterion.The first observational segment is best described by a Gaussian distribution(χ^(2)=68.4;BIC=7651.2),and the second by a Poisson distribution(χ^(2)=33.5;BIC=4413.3).When all segments are combined,the lognormal model provides the superior fit(χ^(2)=541.9;BIC=34365.5),indicating that the full data set’s count rates exhibit the skewness expected from a multiplicative process.These findings demonstrate that while individual time intervals conform to discrete or symmetric statistics,the collective emission profile across multiple observations is better captured by a lognormal distribution,consistent with complex,compounded variability in GRB afterglows.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFCGrant Nos.11988101,11725313,11690024,12041303,U1731238,U2031117,U1831131 and U1831207)+2 种基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.LKS[2010]38)support by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(id.2021055)cultivation project for FAST scientific payoff and research achievement of CAMS-CAS。
文摘We developed a GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with a candidate-archiving database.Largely based upon the infrastructure of the open source PulsaR Exploration and Search Toolkit(PRESTO),GSP implements GPU acceleration of the de-dispersion and integrates a candidate-archiving database.We applied GSP to the data streams from the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS),which resulted in quasi-real-time processing.The integrated candidate database facilitates synergistic usage of multiple machine-learning tools and thus improves efficient identification of radio pulsars such as rotating radio transients(RRATs)and fast radio bursts(FRBs).We first tested GSP on pilot CRAFTS observations with the FAST Ultra-Wide Band(UWB)receiver.GSP detected all pulsars known from the the Parkes multibeam pulsar survey in the corresponding sky area covered by the FAST-UWB.GSP also discovered 13 new pulsars.We measured the computational efficiency of GSP to be~120 times faster than the original PRESTO and~60 times faster than an MPI-parallelized version of PRESTO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.11988101 and 11833009),supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant No.U2031115)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1600401 and 2021YFA1600400)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.11873058 and 12133004)the National SKA program of China(No.2020SKA0120200)。
文摘Pulsar polarization profiles form a very basic database for understanding the emission processes in a pulsar magnetosphere.After careful polarization calibration of the 19-beam L-band receiver and verification of beamoffset observation results,we obtain polarization profiles of 682 pulsars from observations by the Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)duringthe Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey and other normal FAST projects.Among them,polarization profiles of about 460 pulsars are observed for the first time.The profiles exhibit diverse features.Some pulsars have a polarization position angle curve with a good S-shaped swing,some with orthogonal modes;some have components with highly linearly polarized components or strong circularly polarized components;some have a very wide profile,coming from an aligned rotator,and some have an interpulse from a perpendicular rotator;some wide profiles are caused by interstellar scattering.We derive geometric parameters for 190 pulsars from the S-shaped position angle curves or with orthogonal modes.We find that the linear and circular polarization or the widths of pulse profiles have various frequency dependencies.Pulsars with a large fraction of linear polarization are more likely to have a large Edot.
基金funded by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 61272272, 11178021 and 11033001)NSFC-Texas A&M University Joint Research Program (No. 11411120219)
文摘With the application of advanced astronomical technologies, equipments and methods all over the world, astronomical observations cover the range from radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma-ray bands, and enter into the era of full wavelength astronomy. How to effectively integrate data from different ground- and space-based observation equipments, different observers, different bands and different observation times, requires data fusion technology. In this paper we introduce a cross-match tool that is developed in the Python language, is based on the PostgreSQL database and uses Q3C as the core index, facilitating the cross-match work of massive astronomical data. It provides four different cross- match functions, namely： （I） cross-match of the custom error range; （II） cross-match of catalog errors; （III） cross-match based on the elliptic error range; （IV） cross-match of the nearest neighbor algorithm. The resulting cross-matched set provides a good foundation for subsequent data mining and statistics based on multiwavelength data. The most advantageous aspect of this tool is a user-oriented tool applied locally by users. By means of this tool, users can easily create their own databases, manage their own data and cross- match databases according to their requirements. In addition, this tool is also able to transfer data from one database into another database. More importantly, it is easy to get started with the tool and it can be used by astronomers without writing any code.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China No.2021YFC2203502the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(11803080,12173077,11873082,12003062)+2 种基金the Tianshan Innovation Team Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2022D14020)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CASNational Key R&D Program of China No.2018 YFA0404704。
文摘The Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center faces issues related to delay-affected services. As a result, these services cannot be implemented in a timely manner due to the overloading of transmission links. In this paper, the software-defined network technology is applied to the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network(XAODCN). Specifically, a novel reconfiguration method is proposed to realise the software-defined Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network(SDXAO-DCN), and a network model is constructed. To overcome the congestion problem, a traffic load-balancing algorithm is designed for fast transmission of the service traffic by combining three factors: network structure, congestion level and transmission service. The proposed algorithm is compared with current commonly load-balancing algorithms which are used in data center to verify its efficiency. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm improved transmission performance and transmission quality for the SDXAO-DCN.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11863002)Sino-German Cooperation Project(Grant No.GZ 1284)Yunnan Academician Workstation of Wang Jingxiu(Grant No.202005AF150025)。
文摘This paper presents a database of the spectroscopic-and photometric-spectral energy distributions(spec-SEDs and phot-SEDs respectively)of the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae(CCSNe).Both binary-and single-star progenitors are included in the database.The database covers the initial metallicity(Z)range of 0.0001-0.03,mass range of 8-25 M⊙,binary mass ratio range of 0-1,and orbital period range of 0.1-10000 d.The low-resolution spec-SEDs and phot-SEDs of single-and binary-star CCSN progenitors are included in the database.These data can be used for studying the basic parameters,e.g.,metallicity,age,and initial and final masses of CCSN progenitors.It can also be used for studying the effects of different factors on the determination of parameters of CCSN progenitors.When the database is utilized for fitting the SEDs of binary-star CCSN progenitors,it is strongly suggested to determine the metallicity and orbital period in advance,but this is not necessary for single-star progenitors.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China under No.2022YFC2205300the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.12073067 and 11973078)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)“Light of West China”Program under No.2022-XBQNXZ012 and No.2020-XBQNXZ-018。
文摘We introduce the structure of a radio astronomy phased array feeds(PAF)beamforming demonstrator.In a laboratory environment,we have demonstrated beamforming on a received 1.25 GHz sinusoidal signal and used digital weighting techniques to plot the 2D pattern of the PAF.The radio frequency part of the demonstrator includes a 4×4 linearly polarized microstrip antenna array,all of which is connected in series with a low-noise amplifier.The signals from the central 4×2 array elements are injected into a radio frequency system-on-chip digital board,which can receive eight inputs with a bandwidth of 512 MHz.Combining the principle of undersampling,the beamforming is completed at a frequency of 1.25 GHz for the offline data,and a 2D image of the beam is plotted using beam scanning technology.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB 1702703)funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11873066,U1531122 and U1731109)+3 种基金Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS)Ⅳhas been provided by the Alfred P.Sloan Foundationthe U.S.Department of Energy Office of Science,and the Participating Institutionssupport and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of UtahThe Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer(WISE)is a joint project of the University of California,Los Angeles,and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology,funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration。
文摘We combine K-nearest neighbors(KNN)with a genetic algorithm(GA)for photometric redshift estimation of quasars,short for GeneticKNN,which is a weighted KNN approach supported by a GA.This approach has two improvements compared to KNN:one is the feature weighted by GA;the other is that the predicted redshift is not the redshift average of K neighbors but the weighted average of median and mean of redshifts for K neighbors,i.e.p×zmedian+(1-p)×zmean.Based on the SDSS and SDSS-WISE quasar samples,we explore the performance of GeneticKNN for photometric redshift estimation,comparing with the other six traditional machine learning methods,i.e.the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),support vector regression(SVR),multi-layer perceptrons(MLP),XGBoost,KNN and random forest.KNN and random forest show their superiority.Considering the easy implementation of KNN,we make improvement on KNN as GeneticKNN and apply GeneticKNN on photometric redshift estimation of quasars.Finally the performance of GeneticKNN is better than that of LASSO,SVR,MLP,XGBoost,KNN and random forest for all cases.Moreover the accuracy is better with the additional WISE magnitudes for the same method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaThis paper is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant under GrantNos. 10473013, 90412016 and 10778724 by the 863 project under Grant No. 2006AA01A120
文摘We introduced a decision tree method called Random Forests for multiwavelength data classification. The data were adopted from different databases, including the Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS） Data Release five, USNO, FIRST and ROSAT. We then studied the discrimination of quasars from stars and the classification of quasars, stars and galaxies with the sample from optical and radio bands and with that from optical and X-ray bands. Moreover, feature selection and feature weighting based on Random Forests were investigated. The performances based on different input patterns were compared. The experimental results show that the random forest method is an effective method for astronomical object classification and can be applied to other classification problems faced in astronomy. In addition, Random Forests will show its superiorities due to its own merits, e.g. classification, feature selection, feature weighting as well as outlier detection.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.11833002)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.1194023)。
文摘The NASA Kepler mission obtained long-term high-quality photometric observations for a large number of stars in its original field of view from 2009 to 2013.To provide reliable stellar parameters in a homogeneous way,the LAMOST telescope began to carry out low-resolution spectroscopic observations for as many stars as possible in the Kepler field in 2012.By June 2018,238386 low-resolution spectra with SNRg≥6 had been collected for 155623 stars in the Kepler field,enabling the determination of atmospheric parameters and radial velocities,as well as spectral classification of the target stars.This information has been used by astronomers to carry out research in various fields,including stellar pulsations and asteroseismology,exoplanets,stellar magnetic activity and flares,peculiar stars and the Milky Way,binary stars,etc.We summarize the research progress in these fields where the usage of data from the LAMOST-Kepler(LK)project has played a role.In addition,time-domain medium-resolution spectroscopic observations have been carried out for about 12000 stars in four central plates of the Kepler field since 2018.The currently available results show that the LAMOST-Kepler medium resolution(LKMRS)observations provide qualified data suitable for research in additional science projects including binaries,high-amplitude pulsating stars,etc.As LAMOST is continuing to collect both low-and mediumresolution spectra of stars in the Kepler field,we expect more data to be released continuously and new scientific results to appear based on the LK project data.
基金funded by the 973 Program (2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11873066 and U1731109)
文摘Based on the SDSS and SDSS-WISE quasar datasets, we put forward two schemes to estimate the photometric redshifts of quasars. Our schemes are based on the idea that the samples are firstly classified into subsamples by a classifier and then a photometric redshift estimation of different subsamples is performed by a regressor. Random Forest is adopted as the core algorithm of the classifiers, while Random Forest and k NN are applied as the key algorithms of regressors. The samples are divided into two subsamples and four subsamples, depending on the redshift distribution. The performances based on different samples, different algorithms and different schemes are compared. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of photometric redshift estimation for the two schemes generally improves to some extent compared to the original scheme in terms of the percents in |△z|1+zi< 0.1 and |△z|1+zi<0.2 and mean absolute error. Only given the running speed, k NN shows its superiority to Random Forest. The performance of Random Forest is a little better than or comparable to that of k NN with the two datasets. The accuracy based on the SDSS-WISE sample outperforms that based on the SDSS sample no matter by k NN or by Random Rorest. More information from more bands is considered and helpful to improve the accuracy of photometric redshift estimation. Evidently, it can be found that our strategy to estimate photometric redshift is applicable and may be applied to other datasets or other kinds of objects. Only talking about the percent in |△z|1+zi<0.3, there is still large room for further improvement in the photometric redshift estimation.
基金supported by the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGED-EW-603)the National Basic Research Program of China (973-program, Grant No. 2014CB845800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11203033, 11473036, U1231115 and U1431108)
文摘We present a star catalog extracted from the Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope （LUT） survey program. LUT＇s observable sky area is a circular belt around the Moon＇s north pole, and the survey program covers a preferred area of about 2400 deg2 which includes a region of the Galactic plane. The data are processed with an automatic pipeline which copes with stray light contamination, artificial sources, cosmic rays, flat field calibration, photometry and so on. In the first release version, the catalog provides high confidence sources which have been cross-identified with the Tycho-2 catalog. All the sources have signalto-noise ratio larger than 5, and the corresponding magnitude limit is typically 14.4 mag, but can be as deep as -16 mag if stray light contamination is at the lowest level. A total of 86 467 stars are recorded in the catalog. The full catalog in electronic form is available online.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1431227)Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(201604010037)
文摘The usage of a subset of observed stars in a CCD image to find their corresponding matched stars in a stellar catalog is an important issue in astronomical research. Subgraph isomorphic-based algorithms are the most widely used methods in star catalog matching. When more subgraph features are provided, the CCD images are recognized better. However, when the navigation feature database is large, the method requires more time to match the observing model. To solve this problem, this study investigates further and improves subgraph isomorphic matching algorithms. We present an algorithm based on a locality-sensitive hashing technique, which allocates quadrilateral models in the navigation feature database into different hash buckets and reduces the search range to the bucket in which the observed quadrilateral model is located. Experimental results indicate the effectivity of our method.
文摘A spatial orientation of angular momentum vectors of galaxies in six dynamically unstable Abell clusters（S1171, S0001, A1035, A1373, A1474 and A4053） is studied. For this, twodimensional observed parameters（e.g., positions, diameters and position angles） are converted into three-dimensional（3D） rotation axes of the galaxy using the ＇position angle-inclination＇ method. The expected isotropic distribution curves for angular momentum vectors are obtained by performing random simulations. The observed and expected distributions are compared using several statistical tests.No preferred alignments of angular momentum vectors of galaxies are noticed in all six dynamically unstable clusters, supporting the hierarchy model of galaxy formation. These clusters have a larger value of velocity dispersion. However, local effects are noticed in the clusters that have substructures in the1D-3D number density maps.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1831133 and 12073062)National Astronomical Data Center of China。
文摘The paper describes observations of fast-moving near-Earth asteroids(NEAs) made with the small ground-based telescopes of National Time Service Center of Chinese Academy of Science(NTSC of CAS) and Research Institute "Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory"(RI MAO) by the rotating-drift-scan CCD(RDS CCD) technique. This technique is used to obtain the point images of both the studied objects and reference stars. The results of ongoing follow-up observations of NEAs are discussed. The residual differences(O-C) between the observed and calculated positions from JPL ephemeris were generally small for these asteroids. The standard deviations of these differences were typically ±(0.2′′-0.3′′) in both coordinates for objects with apparent velocity which substantially exceed FWHM for the given exposure time. The results of comparative statistics for such observations from the MPC database show that this is a good level of precision for NEAs. Moreover, the telescopes with the RDS CCD technique implemented can observe the NEAs that closely approach the Earth and with enough observations can improve the precision of determining their orbital elements and impact predictions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51327803 and 51406041)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. HIT. NSRIF.2014090)
文摘Considering features of stellar spectral radiation and sky surveys, we established a computational model for stellar effective temperatures, detected angular parameters and gray rates. Using known stellar flux data in some bands, we estimated stellar effective temperatures and detected angular parameters using stochastic particle swarm optimization （SPSO）. We first verified the reliability of SPSO, and then determined reasonable parameters that produced highly accurate estimates under certain gray deviation levels. Finally, we calculated 177 860 stellar effective temperatures and detected angular parameters using data from the Midcourse Space Experiment （MSX） catalog. These derived stellar effective temperatures were accurate when we compared them to known values from literatures. This research makes full use of catalog data and presents an original technique for studying stellar characteristics. It proposes a novel method for calculating stellar effective temperatures and detecting angular parameters, and provides theoretical and practical data for finding information about radiation in any band.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11988101,11933004 and 12003050)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2019YFA0405000,2019YFA0405504 and 2016YFA0400804)+2 种基金the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)under grant number XDB41000000the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(id.2019057 and 2020060,respectively)the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(Cartograph Y GA.804752)。
文摘From Oct.2019 to Apr.2020,LAMOST performed a time-domain(TD)spectroscopic survey of four K2 plates with both low-and medium-resolution observations.The low-resolution spectroscopic survey acquired 282 exposures(≈46.6 h)over 25 nights,yielding a total of about 767000 spectra,and the medium-resolution survey took 177 exposures(≈49.1 h)over 27 nights,collecting about 478000 spectra.More than 70%/50%of low-resolution/medium-resolution spectra have signal-to-noise ratio higher than 10.We determine stellar parameters(e.g.,Teff,log g,[Fe/H])and radial velocity(RV)with different methods,including LASP,DD-Payne and SLAM.In general,these parameter estimations from different methods show good agreement,and the stellar parameter values are consistent with those of APOGEE.We use the Gaia DR2 RV values to calculate a median RV zero point(RVZP)for each spectrograph exposure by exposure,and the RVZP-corrected RVs agree well with the APOGEE data.The stellar evolutionary and spectroscopic masses are estimated based on the stellar parameters,multi-band magnitudes,distances and extinction values.Finally,we construct a binary catalog including about 2700 candidates by analyzing their light curves,fitting the RV data,calculating the binarity parameters from medium-resolution spectra and cross-matching the spatially resolved binary catalog from Gaia EDR3.The LAMOST TD survey is expected to represent a breakthrough in various scientific topics,such as binary systems,stellar activity,stellar pulsation,etc.
基金the Science&Engineering Research Board(SERB),a statutory body of Department of Science&Technology(DST),Government of India,for funding our research under grant number CRG/2019/005380the Center for Research,CHRIST(Deemed to be University),Bangalore,India,for funding our research under the grant number MRP DSC-1932。
文摘We present a catalog of 3339 hot emission-line stars(ELSs)identified from 451695 O,B and A type spectra,provided by LAMOST Data Release 5(DR5).We developed an automated Python routine that identified 5437 spectra having a peak between 6561 and 6568.False detections and bad spectra were removed,leaving 4138 good emission-line spectra of 3339 unique ELSs.We re-estimated the spectral types of 3307 spectra as the LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline(LASP)did not provide accurate spectral types for these emission-line spectra.As Herbig Ae/Be stars exhibit higher excess in near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths than classical Ae/Be stars,we relied on 2 MASS and WISE photometry to distinguish them.Finally,we report 1089 classical Be,233 classical Ae and 56 Herbig Ae/Be stars identified from LAMOST DR5.In addition,928 B[em]/A[em]stars and 240 CAe/CBe potential candidates are identified.From our sample of 3339 hot ELSs,2716 ELSs identified in this work do not have any record in the SIMBAD database and they can be considered as new detections.Identification of such a large homogeneous set of emission-line spectra will help the community study the emission phenomenon in detail without worrying about the inherent biases when compiling from various sources.
