BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetes mellitus(DM)and asthma is complex and can impact disease trajectories.AIM To explore the bidirectional influences between the two conditions on clinical outcomes and diseas...BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetes mellitus(DM)and asthma is complex and can impact disease trajectories.AIM To explore the bidirectional influences between the two conditions on clinical outcomes and disease control.METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship between DM and asthma,focusing on their impacts,mechanisms,and therapeutic implications.Various studies were assessed,which investigated the effect of glycemic control on asthma outcomes,lung function,and exacerbations.The study highlighted the role of specific diabetes medications in managing asthma.RESULTS The results showed that poor glycemic control in diabetes can exacerbate asthma,increase hospitalizations,and reduce lung function.Conversely,severe asthma,especially in obese individuals,can complicate diabetes management and make glycemic control more difficult.The diabetes-associated mechanisms,such as inflammation,microangiopathy,and oxidative stress,can exacerbate asthma and decrease lung function.Some diabetes medications exhibit anti-inflammatory effects that show promise in mitigating asthma exacerbations.CONCLUSION The complex interrelationship between diabetes and asthma suggests bidirectional influences that affect disease course and outcomes.Inflammation and microvascular complications associated with diabetes may worsen asthma outcomes,while asthma severity,especially in obese individuals,complicates diabetes control.However,the current research has limitations,and more diverse longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships and identify effective treatment strategies for individuals with both conditions.展开更多
Bronchial asthma is divided into type 2 and non-type 2 asthma based on the immunopathogenesis.Type 2 inflammation is an inflammation mediated by T helper 2 cells,group 2 innate lymphoid cells and sustained by a specif...Bronchial asthma is divided into type 2 and non-type 2 asthma based on the immunopathogenesis.Type 2 inflammation is an inflammation mediated by T helper 2 cells,group 2 innate lymphoid cells and sustained by a specific subset of cytokines.In recent years,type 2 asthma has become the research hotspot in the field of asthma.For type 2 asthma,targeted therapies have become effective treatments and widely used in clinical practice.In order to further understand the progress of biologic drugs for bronchial asthma,as well as the disease outcomes in patients with type 2 asthma,and improve asthma control and remission,this article reviewed the progress and achievements of biologic drugs for asthma from May 1,2023 to April 30,2024,providing clinical perspective for the choosing appropriate targeted treatment of asthma.It also highlights selected poster pre-sentations from the ATS 2024 Annual Meeting to provide clinical insights for choosing appropriate targeted treatments for Type 2 asthma.展开更多
Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)is a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the mucosa of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus,often stemming from untreated or recurrent acute sinusitis.Asthma is characterized by airway i...Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)is a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the mucosa of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus,often stemming from untreated or recurrent acute sinusitis.Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation,intermittent bronchospasm,and symptoms such as wheezing and dyspnea.These two conditions frequently coexist,sharing overlapping pathogenic mechanisms and inflammatory pathways.Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),a condition where stomach contents reflux into the esophagus,is another prevalent comorbidity associated with asthma and CRS.Notably,GERD is more common in CRS patients,suggesting the intricate and potentially bidirectional relationship among CRS,asthma,and GERD.Despite this complexity,a comprehensive understanding of these interconnections remains elusive in the literature.This review synthesizes findings from the past decade,focusing on the epidemiology,pathophysiology,and comorbidity mechanisms linking these three conditions.By addressing current knowledge gaps,it aims to provide insights into their shared mechanisms and implications for integrated clinical management.展开更多
The global incidence of asthma,a leading respiratory disorder affecting more than 235 million people,has dramatically increased in recent years.Characterized by chronic airway inflammation and an imbalanced response t...The global incidence of asthma,a leading respiratory disorder affecting more than 235 million people,has dramatically increased in recent years.Characterized by chronic airway inflammation and an imbalanced response to airborne irritants,this chronic condition is associated with elevated levels of inflammatory factors and symptoms such as dyspnea,cough,wheezing,and chest tightness.Conventional asthma therapies,such as corticosteroids,long-actingβ-agonists,and antiinflammatory agents,often evoke diverse adverse reactions and fail to reduce symptoms and hospitalization rates over the long term effectively.These limitations have prompted researchers to explore innovative therapeutic strategies,including stem cell-related interventions,offering hope to those afflicted with this incurable disease.In this review,we describe the characteristics of stem cells and critically assess the potential and challenges of stem cell-based therapies to improve disease management and treatment outcomes for asthma and other diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB)is a rare,chronic inflammatory lung disease mar-ked by chronic cough,breathlessness,and preceding sinusitis.Symptoms often persist for years and can be misdiagnosed as asthma,pa...BACKGROUND Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB)is a rare,chronic inflammatory lung disease mar-ked by chronic cough,breathlessness,and preceding sinusitis.Symptoms often persist for years and can be misdiagnosed as asthma,particularly in children.This report describes a DPB case resolved with long-term azithromycin therapy,em-phasizing the need for a timely and accurate diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old girl,diagnosed with asthma at age five and managed with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists,developed a history of chronic productive cough and chronic sinusitis for a year.On examination,she exhibited wheezing and coarse crackles.Despite receiving treatment for an asthma exacer-bation,her symptoms did not improve.A chest X-ray revealed reticulonodular infiltration in both lower lungs,prompting further evaluation with high-resolu-tion computed tomography(HRCT).The HRCT confirmed centrilobular nodule opacities,a'tree-in-bud'pattern,and non-tapering bronchi,suggesting DPB.Elevated cold hemagglutinin titers at 128 further supported the diagnosis.Her cough and sinusitis resolved within a month after starting azithromycin therapy,chosen for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.Follow-up HRCT scans after 1 year of continuous treatment showed complete normalization.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in achieving favorable outcomes for DPB.展开更多
Background:To appraise the ameliorative potentials of Allium sativum aqueous extract in ovalbumin(OVA)-lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced asthma.Methods:Extraction,phytochemical analysis,determination of bioactive compou...Background:To appraise the ameliorative potentials of Allium sativum aqueous extract in ovalbumin(OVA)-lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced asthma.Methods:Extraction,phytochemical analysis,determination of bioactive compounds and LD50 study of aqueous extract of A.sativum were achieved using standard biochemical methods.Twenty-four(24)male Wistar rats averagely weighing between 168–255 g were grouped into four of six animals in each steel-metal cage.Groups 1 and 2 served as normal and positive groups respectively.Rats in groups 2–4 were sensitized and challenged with a combination of OVA and LPS.Groups 3 and 4 were administered 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of aqueous extract of A.sativum respectively for two weeks.The effect of aqueous extracts of A.sativum in OVA and LPS-induced asthma on alterations in differential white blood cells,inflammatory cytokines,some serum biochemical as well as histological indicators of experimental rats were assessed.Results:The aqueous extract of 600 g of plant material yielded 74.1 g accounting for 11.9%of sample material used.The result of the Phytochemical analysis showed higher number of glycosides,flavonoids and phenols.The animals displayed zero behavioral adverse reaction when administered the aqueous extract up to the highest dose of 5,000 mg/kg b.w.Administrations of aqueous extract of A.sativum remarkably(P<0.05;95%confidence intervals CI)declined the levels of neutrophils,eosinophils and total white blood cell count as opposed to the untreated group.Levels of interleukin 4(IL-4),interleukin 5(IL-5),interleukin 13(IL-13)and immunoglobulin E(IgE)of groups 3 and 4 had a significant(P<0.05;95%CI)varying percentage reduction(IL-4=39.78%,49.51%;IL-5=34.66%,40.05%;IL-13=31.96%,30.81%;33.45%,21.38%)respectively in comparison to group 2(untreated).The result showed a significantly(P<0.05,95%CI)declined malonaldehyde(MDA)concentration and elevated catalase,decreased glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase activity of the treatment groups compared to the untreated.Serum liver function enzymes including alkaline phosphatase,alanine transaminase,and aspartate transaminase in the groups receiving aqueous extract of A.sativum exhibited a significant(P<0.05;95%CI)reduction in levels compared to group 2(untreated).Conclusion:Findings from this study indicated that aqueous extracts of A.sativum have the potential to improve asthma symptoms by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and mitigating oxidative stress.This effect could enhance the efficacy of conventional treatments such as inhaled corticosteroids,including cortisone,hydrocortisone,dexamethasone,and prednisone,as well as bronchodilators,leukotriene modifiers,and biologic therapies.Further studies need to be carried out on human subjects and also expanded to other respiratory disorders like Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019.展开更多
BACKGROUND IgE plays a critical role in allergic inflammation and asthma pathogenesis.This study investigates the involvement of IgE cells in asthma exacerbation and evaluates the effectiveness of targeted interventio...BACKGROUND IgE plays a critical role in allergic inflammation and asthma pathogenesis.This study investigates the involvement of IgE cells in asthma exacerbation and evaluates the effectiveness of targeted interventions.AIM To evaluate the role of IgE in the exacerbation of allergic asthma and to determine the clinical efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in improving disease outcomes.Specifically,the study investigates changes in serum IgE levels,lung function,asthma control scores,and the frequency of acute exacerbations among patients receiving standard therapy with or without anti-IgE intervention.METHODS A total of 200 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe asthma were enrolled in this experimental study conducted from April 2024 to April 2025.Participants were randomized to receive either standard asthma therapy or therapy combined with anti-IgE agents.IgE levels and asthma control parameters were monitored.RESULTS Participants receiving anti-IgE treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in serum IgE levels(P<0.001),improved Forced expiratory volume in one second scores,and fewer exacerbation episodes compared to the control group.CONCLUSION IgE cells significantly contribute to asthma severity,and targeted therapy against IgE can improve disease outcomes.These findings underscore the importance of immunomodulatory strategies in asthma management.展开更多
The development of adrenergic agonists(AAs)for asthma has provided important mechanistic insights into acupuncture-based target discovery and treatment strategies.This review describes the historical evolution of AA t...The development of adrenergic agonists(AAs)for asthma has provided important mechanistic insights into acupuncture-based target discovery and treatment strategies.This review describes the historical evolution of AA therapy,including the precise optimization of nonselective toβ2-selective agonists,im-provement from short-acting to ultra-long-acting agents,shift from targeted monotherapy to combination regimens,and alterations in drug formulation.Additionally,this review summarizes recent advances in acupuncture treatment for asthma,including the development of novel targeted therapies,application of acupuncture-based combination regimens,and optimization of the mode of administration.Taken to-gether,this article discusses key insights from research on AA that inform acupuncture approaches,with a focus on:(1)precision targeting:identifying acupuncture-specific targets to improve efficacy;(2)syn-ergistic treatment:employing multi-target combination regimens to enhance therapeutic outcomes;(3)formulation innovation:advancing acupuncture delivery methods to improve patient compliance;and(4)evidence-based development:strengthening clinical research to generate high-quality evidence to inform the discovery of novel targets and treatment strategies for asthma.展开更多
In China,omalizumab is indicated for patients with moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma in whom symptoms remain inadequately controlled despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids(ICS)in combination with l...In China,omalizumab is indicated for patients with moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma in whom symptoms remain inadequately controlled despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids(ICS)in combination with long actingβ-agonists(LABA)(GINA step 3 or higher),and urticaria.We report a case of joint and Achilles tendon inflammatory reactions in a patient with Th2-type asthma receiving omalizumab treatment.An adult male presented with recurrent episodes of sneezing,rhinorrhea,wheezing,chest tightness,shortness of breath,and dyspnea.He exhibited allergies to multiple substances and demonstrated impaired lung function,ultimately being diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and asthma.Following initial treatment with ICS and LABA,his symptoms were initially controlled.However,as the disease progressed,the frequency of nocturnal attacks increased,and the incidence of attacks during the allergy season escalated,leading to a significant decline in lung function.Subsequently,he commenced subcutaneous injections of omalizumab at a dosage of 600 mg monthly.There was a partial improvement in the frequency of asthma attacks after two injections.Unfortunately,four days after the first treatment,he reported pain in the right Achilles tendon.Rheumatological screenings,including a five-item antinuclear antibody test and an 11-item autoantibody profile test,revealed no significant abnormalities.Ankle joint ultrasound indicated hyperechoic spots around the Achilles tendon with acoustic shadows,suggesting the presence of Achilles tendinopathy.Ten days later,the pain symptoms resolved spontaneously.Due to the sig-nificant improvement in asthma symptoms,omalizumab treatment continued,albeit with a dosage reduction to 300mg.After intermittent treatment over four sessions,asthma symptoms improved markedly,with the Asthma Control Test(ACT)score increasing from 14 to 20.Lung function improved from moderate obstruction to mild obstruction.The only drawback was the patient’s recurrent swelling,pain,and joint effusion in the joints(specifically the knee and ankle)during the treatment period.Omalizumab is an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of allergic asthma.Although the incidence of adverse events reported in current studies is low,there have been emerging reports of joint swelling,pain,and myalgia reactions in both children and adults receiving treatment for asthma and urticaria.Given the rarity and non-specific nature of these reactions,it is challenging to ascertain the true incidence rate.Previous reports have described symptoms that occur upon initiation of the medication,which can recur upon re-administration.While the factors that may increase the risk of joint inflammatory reactions to omalizumab remain to be elucidated,this case contributes to a deeper understanding of this adverse reaction associated with a well-tolerated and important therapeutic agent.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the clinical value of Pulmicort Respules inhalation combined with cetirizine in the treatment of pediatric asthma.Methods:From December 2023 to December 2024,82 children with asthma admitted to ou...Objective:To analyze the clinical value of Pulmicort Respules inhalation combined with cetirizine in the treatment of pediatric asthma.Methods:From December 2023 to December 2024,82 children with asthma admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 41 cases in each group.The clinical symptom relief time(shortness of breath,cough,dyspnea,lung wheezing),lung function indicators(FEV1,FVC,FEV1/FVC),inflammatory indicators(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8),and clinical treatment effects were analyzed in the two groups.Results:The relief time for shortness of breath,cough,dyspnea,and lung wheezing in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,compared with the control group,the levels of FEV1,FVC,FEV1/FVC,and treatment efficiency in the observation group were higher,while the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-8 were lower(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of Pulmicort Respules inhalation and cetirizine oral therapy for children with asthma can shorten the improvement time of clinical symptoms,inhibit inflammation,and improve lung function.展开更多
Asthma is the most common allergic disorder and represents a significant global public health problem.Strong evidence suggests a link between ascariasis and asthma.This study aims primarily to determine the prevalence...Asthma is the most common allergic disorder and represents a significant global public health problem.Strong evidence suggests a link between ascariasis and asthma.This study aims primarily to determine the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection among various risk factors,to assess blood parameters,levels of immunoglobulin E(IgE)and interleukin-4(IL-4),and to explore the relationship between ascariasis and asthma in affected individuals.The secondary objective is to examine a fractal-fractional mathematical model that describes the four stages of the life cycle of Ascaris infection,specifically within the framework of the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative.A case-control study was conducted that involved 270 individuals with asthma and 130 healthy controls,all of whom attended general hospitals in Duhok City,Iraq.Pulmonary function tests were performed using a micromedical spirometer.The presence of Ascaris lumbricoides antibodies-Immunoglobulin M(IgM),Immunoglobulin G(IgG),and Immunoglobulin E(IgE)-was detected using ELISA.Blood parameters were analyzed using a Coulter counter.The overall infection rate was(42.5%),with the highest rates observed among asthmatic men(70.0%)and rural residents(51.4%).Higher infection rates were also recorded among low-income individuals(64.3%)and those with frequent contact with the soil(58.6%).In particular,infected individuals exhibited a significant decrease in red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration,while a marked increase in white blood cell count was recorded.In addition,levels of Immunoglobulin E(IgE)and interleukin-4 were significantly higher in the infected group compared to the controls.Effective disease awareness strategies that incorporate health education and preventive measures are needed.Exposure to Ascaris has been associated with reduced lung function and an increased risk of asthma.More research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms that link Ascaris infection with asthma.Furthermore,the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the proposed model are investigated using the Krasnosel’skii and Banach fixed-point theorems.The Ulam-Hyers and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability types are explained within the framework of nonlinear analysis inŁp-space.Finally,an application is presented,including tabulated results and figures generated using MATLAB to illustrate the validity of the theoretical findings.展开更多
BACKGROUND Current drugs primarily target inflammation control but do not reverse tissue remodeling changes for asthma.Human mesenchymal stem cells are known for their anti-inflammatory and tissue remodeling capabilit...BACKGROUND Current drugs primarily target inflammation control but do not reverse tissue remodeling changes for asthma.Human mesenchymal stem cells are known for their anti-inflammatory and tissue remodeling capabilities.However,limited research has explored the therapeutic impact of varying doses and frequencies of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells(HUC-MSCs)on established airway remodeling in experimental asthma.AIM To explore and optimize the dosage and administration frequency of HUC-MSCs in experimental models of ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthma.METHODS BALB/c mice underwent sensitization and were challenged using OVA.Control animals were administered a saline solution following the same protocol.HUC-MSCs were identified using flow cytometry.HUC-MSCs at incremental dosages(1×105,2×105,4×105)were injected via tail veins on day 30(the second after the final stimulation).After comparing each group and determining the optimal dose,supplement the optimal dose twice on day 30 and day 33(the second and fifth day after the final stimulation).Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and serum were harvested for analysis of concentrations of interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-13,immunoglobulin E and interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pharmacology of airways and lung functions were also evaluated to identify the optimal group.RESULTS The study shows that HUC-MSC transplantation ameliorates OVA-induced asthma by significantly reducing airway inflammation and obstruction in preclinical models.This effect is associated with decreased Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13,and increased Th1 cytokine IFN-γ.The optimal dose of 2×105 cells/mouse was identified as the most effective in reducing local asthmatic airway inflammation and changing levels of IL-4,IL-13,and IFN-γin serum and BALF compared to other single doses of HUC-MSC.Multiple treatments with the medium dose(2×105 cells)of HUC-MSCs on days 30 and 33 yield the best pathological and lung function outcomes.However,double treatments do not reduce IL-4 and IL-13 expression or enhance IFN-γproduction in serum or BALF more effectively than a single medium dose.CONCLUSION HUC-MSCs effectively regulate pro-inflammatory mediators in serum and BALF,modulating airway remodeling and lung function.In this acute mouse asthma model,a single dosage of 2×105 is optimal,with more significant effects of decreasing airway obstruction requiring repeated administration.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical efficacy characteristics of Suhuang Zhike capsule(苏黄止咳颗粒)and evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions in its broad clinical application.METHODS:This was a multicenter,prosp...OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical efficacy characteristics of Suhuang Zhike capsule(苏黄止咳颗粒)and evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions in its broad clinical application.METHODS:This was a multicenter,prospective,singlearm,open-label phase IV clinical trial.A total of 1100 patients diagnosed with cough variant asthma(CVA)and the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome of wind evil invading the lung and lung Qi failing to propagate were planned for recruitment.Participants received Suhuang Zhike capsule orally,three capsules per dose,taken three times daily,for a treatment duration of 14 d.The primary outcome was the change in cough symptom scores from baseline to week 2.Cough severity was assessed twice daily.Additional evaluations included the rate and time of cough disappearance or basic disappearance rate,as well as the time of cough relief.TCM symptom scores were recorded at baseline and on days 7 and 14 of treatment.Safety assessments included monitoring for adverse events and conducting laboratory tests.RESULTS:A total of 1033 patients with CVA from 40 hospitals across China were enrolled in the study.Of these,1026 patients received the study medication and were included in the safety analysis.Fifty-four patients withdrew from the study,resulting in a drop-out rate of 5.23%.Treatment with Suhuang Zhike capsules significantly reduced cough symptom scores and improved cough-related symptoms in patients with CVA.The overall rate of cough disappearance or basic disappearance increased over the course of treatment,reaching 67.21%after 14 d.The median time of cough relief was 3 d,while the median time to cough disappearance or basic disappearance was 11 d.Additionally,the treatment led to reductions in TCM symptom scores and improvements in accompanying symptoms such as throat itching,expectoration,and shortness of breath.In terms of safety,no serious adverse events were reported.The incidence of related adverse events(AEs)was 2.24%(23 cases,30 events).The incidence of adverse reactions listed in the drug's instructions was 2.14%.Other related AEs not listed in the drug's instructions occurred in 0.39%of patients and included dizziness(0.19%),headache(0.10%),pruritus(0.10%),and palpitation(0.10%).CONCLUSION:Suhuang Zhike capsules demonstrated good efficacy and safety for the treatment of CVA.These findings offer valuable clinical evidence to support their broader application in routine clinical practice.展开更多
Smoking is harmful to the lungs and has numerous effects on our bodies.This leads to decreased lung function,which increases the lungs’susceptibility to asthma triggers.In this paper,we develop a new fractional-order...Smoking is harmful to the lungs and has numerous effects on our bodies.This leads to decreased lung function,which increases the lungs’susceptibility to asthma triggers.In this paper,we develop a new fractional-order model and investigate the impact of smoking on the progression of asthma by using the Caputo operator to analyze different factors.Using the Banach contraction principle,the existence and uniqueness of solutions are established,and the positivity and boundedness of the model are proved.The model further incorporates different stages of smoking to account for incubation periods and other latent effects,enhancing the accuracy of system dynamics.Within this Fractional operator framework,key analyses are performed,including the identification of equilibrium points,computation of the basic reproduction number,sensitivity analysis,and assessment of local and global stability with the Lyapunov function.Additionally,chaos stability employing linear response regulation is implemented mathematically,and the effect of the compartment shows through simulations.A numerical iterative method employing Newton polynomial interpolation is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested model,and numerical simulations reveal its enhanced efficiency at various fractional orders.The fractional-order framework offers a more realistic representation than classical integer-order models.展开更多
Objective Asthma imposes a significant global health burden.This study examines changes in the asthma-related disease burden from 1990 to 2021 and projects future burdens for 2050 under different scenarios.Methods Usi...Objective Asthma imposes a significant global health burden.This study examines changes in the asthma-related disease burden from 1990 to 2021 and projects future burdens for 2050 under different scenarios.Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study,we analyzed asthma incidence,prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)from 1990 to 2021.We projected the disease burden for 2050 based on current trends and hypothetical scenarios in which all risk factors are controlled.Temporal trends in age-standardized incidence,prevalence,mortality,and DALY rates were explored using Annual Percent Change.Results In 2021,the age-standardized rates for asthma incidence,prevalence,mortality,and DALYs in China were 364.17 per 100,000(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:283.22-494.10),1,956.49 per 100,000(95%UI:1,566.68-2,491.87),1.47 per 100,000(95%UI:1.15-1.79),and 103.76 per 100,000(95%UI:72.50-145.46),respectively.A higher disease burden was observed among Chinese men and individuals aged 70 years or older.Compared to the current trend,a combined scenario involving improvements in environmental factors,behavioral and metabolic health,child nutrition,and vaccination resulted in a greater reduction in the disease burden caused by asthma.Conclusion Addressing modifiable risk factors is essential for further reducing the asthma-related disease burden.展开更多
Background:Allergic eosinophilic asthma(EA)and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis(EGPA)share significant overlaps in both epidemiology and pathogenesis,suggesting a potential link between the two con-dition...Background:Allergic eosinophilic asthma(EA)and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis(EGPA)share significant overlaps in both epidemiology and pathogenesis,suggesting a potential link between the two con-ditions.Despite these associations,the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms driving their connection remain poorly understood.Methods:We retrieved GSE143303 of EA and GSE144302 of EGPA from the GEO database and conducted dif-ferential expression analysis as well as functional enrichment analysis to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and potential pathogenic pathways.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was generated using the STRING database.Key hub genes were determined through cytoHubba.We added two publicly reported EA and EGPA-related transcriptome datasets,GSE117038 and GSE119136,for mutual verification.Subsequent valida-tion was performed via immune infiltration assessment utilizing CIBERSORT.Results:In total,267 DEGs were identified,in which HSP90AA1,HSPA8,CCND1,RPS20,CD74,RPL5,RPS6,RHOA,RPS3A and FLT3LG are the top 10 hub genes,while the antigen processing and presentation pathway and leukocyte cell-cell adhesion pathway were the potential influential pathways.Increased naïve B cells and M1 type of Macrophages were detected in EA patients through immune infiltration analysis.Conclusions:Utilizing bioinformatics techniques,this study is the initial investigation to uncover the shared mechanisms involving the antigen processing and presentation pathway and leukocyte adhesion pathways in the progression of both EA and EGPA.It may offer potential biomarkers for future studies on the underlying path-ogenesis and treatment of EA and EGPA as well as eosinophilia related co-morbidities.展开更多
Many studies have shown that the development of allergic asthma is associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.Based on the gut-lung axis theory,probiotic intervention may be a potential strategy for respiratory d...Many studies have shown that the development of allergic asthma is associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.Based on the gut-lung axis theory,probiotic intervention may be a potential strategy for respiratory diseases.Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 was reported to regulate gut microbiota in mice.However,its effect on allergic asthma has not been reported.In this study,we investigated the effect of the K56 on ovalbumininduced asthma and its possible mechanisms.Our results showed that K56 reduced asthma symptoms and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung of asthmatic mice.And K56 regulated the differentiation of helper T cells in the lung and intestine.Results from 16S r RNA gene sequencing showed that K56 prophylaxis significantly elevated the richness of Akkermansia and Burkholderia.Meanwhile,K56 abrogated the decrease in the levels of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in the feces.In addition,a rebound in the m RNA expression of the SCFA receptors was observed after K56 prophylaxis.Notably,the regulatory T cell(Treg)frequencies and the FFAR3 levels were positively correlated.These results suggest that K56 could attenuate asthma,possibly by modulating the intestinal microbiota and regulating Treg differentiation through SCFA metabolized.Our study showed that K56 may be used as a probiotic to prevent pulmonary inflammation and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in allergic asthma.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the correlation between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and childhood asthma,and to explore the impact of Mp infection on airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in children with as...Objective:To investigate the correlation between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and childhood asthma,and to explore the impact of Mp infection on airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma.Methods:58 children with bronchopneumonia admitted to the First People’s Hospital of Jintan,Changzhou from April 2024 to October 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The levels of cytokines IL-4,IL-17,TGF-β1,and INF-γ in the serum were compared between the MP group and non-MP group,as well as between the MP wheezing group and MP nonwheezing group.Results:The levels of IL-17 and IL-4 in the MP group were significantly higher than those in the non-MP group(P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in the other indicators(P>0.05).Statistically significant differences in IL-17 and IL-4 were observed between the wheezing and non-wheezing groups(P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in the other indicators(P>0.05).There was a significant difference in IL-17 among the groups(P<0.05).The difference in IL-17 between the MP group and non-MP group was significant(P<0.05),and the difference between the wheezing and non-wheezing groups was marginally significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:M.pneumoniae infection may be one of the risk factors for the onset of childhood asthma,but its mechanism remains unclear.Further research is needed to determine whether Mp infection can serve as a biomarker for childhood asthma and to elucidate its underlying mechanism.展开更多
Background:Dendritic cells(DCs)play a pivotal role in antigen presentation and regulating adaptive immune responses in asthma pathophysiology.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood....Background:Dendritic cells(DCs)play a pivotal role in antigen presentation and regulating adaptive immune responses in asthma pathophysiology.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis of the GSE27011 dataset identified differentially expressed genes associated with pediatric asthma.An ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthma mouse model and an Rfx5 knockdown model were established.RFX5 expression was assessed in DCs from patients with asthma and asthmatic mouse lung tissues using qRT-PCR,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry.The regulatory effects of regulatory factor X5(RFX5)on histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2),class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator(CIITA),and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules(MHC II)expression,as well as its influence on lung tissue integrity,airway resistance,cytokine profiles,and immune cell infiltration,were analyzed.Co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore the interaction between RFX5 and HDAC2.Results:During asthma progression,RFX5 expression was upregulated,while HDAC2 levels were reduced in DCs.Rfx5 knockdown significantly alleviated lung pathology and inflammation,decreased granulocyte and lymphocyte counts,and lowered levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).In contrast,the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 4(IL-4),interleukin 10(IL-10),interleukin 18(IL-18),and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)was elevated,along with an increase in CIITA and MHC II gene transcription.Further analysis revealed a direct association between HDAC2 and the RFX5 promoter region.Conclusion:During asthma pathogenesis,allergens may upregulate RFX5 expression in DCs,enhancing its interaction with HDAC2,thereby alleviating the HDAC2-mediated effect.This process promotes the transcription of MHC II-associated genes and facilitates antigen presentation,ultimately driving asthma initiation and progression.This study elucidates the role of the RFX5/HDAC2 signaling pathway in the regulation of antigen presentation in pediatric asthma.展开更多
Based on the number of asthmatic children in the Children's Hospital of Yulin City,the monitoring data of daily pollen concentration,and routine meteorological and environmental monitoring data of Yulin City from ...Based on the number of asthmatic children in the Children's Hospital of Yulin City,the monitoring data of daily pollen concentration,and routine meteorological and environmental monitoring data of Yulin City from 2020 to 2022,the meteorological and environmental conditions of a thunderstorm asthma event in Yulin City in northern Shaanxi on September 9,2022 were analyzed.The results show that the strong convective weather was accompanied by a strong thunderstorm,lightning,gusts,short-time heavy precipitation and small hail,and the convective activity lasted for nearly 7 h.The short-term abrupt change of allergenic substances such as artemisia pollen caused by lightning,gusts and precipitation,the sudden drop in temperature,the inversion near the surface and the stimulation of cold air were the key meteorological conditions for the subsequent outbreak of asthma.In early September in 2022,the daily average pollen concentration in Yulin City was up to 1067.9 particles/1000 mm^(2),which was 113.3%and 41.2%higher than that of the same period in 2021 and 2020,respectively.The day before the thunderstorm,the pollen concentration soared to 2680 particles/1000 mm^(2),reaching the maximum of the year.The synergistic effect of the thunderstorm event and the sharp increase in pollen concentration on the previous day provided the background of heavy pollen pollution for this outbreak of thunderstorm asthma.O_(3)concentration was consistently high on the day of thunderstorm and the day before,and the peaks of O_(3)and PM 10 concentration appeared subsequently in the afternoon of the day,which became the background of air pollution for the asthma outbreak.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetes mellitus(DM)and asthma is complex and can impact disease trajectories.AIM To explore the bidirectional influences between the two conditions on clinical outcomes and disease control.METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship between DM and asthma,focusing on their impacts,mechanisms,and therapeutic implications.Various studies were assessed,which investigated the effect of glycemic control on asthma outcomes,lung function,and exacerbations.The study highlighted the role of specific diabetes medications in managing asthma.RESULTS The results showed that poor glycemic control in diabetes can exacerbate asthma,increase hospitalizations,and reduce lung function.Conversely,severe asthma,especially in obese individuals,can complicate diabetes management and make glycemic control more difficult.The diabetes-associated mechanisms,such as inflammation,microangiopathy,and oxidative stress,can exacerbate asthma and decrease lung function.Some diabetes medications exhibit anti-inflammatory effects that show promise in mitigating asthma exacerbations.CONCLUSION The complex interrelationship between diabetes and asthma suggests bidirectional influences that affect disease course and outcomes.Inflammation and microvascular complications associated with diabetes may worsen asthma outcomes,while asthma severity,especially in obese individuals,complicates diabetes control.However,the current research has limitations,and more diverse longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships and identify effective treatment strategies for individuals with both conditions.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-049)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0529800).
文摘Bronchial asthma is divided into type 2 and non-type 2 asthma based on the immunopathogenesis.Type 2 inflammation is an inflammation mediated by T helper 2 cells,group 2 innate lymphoid cells and sustained by a specific subset of cytokines.In recent years,type 2 asthma has become the research hotspot in the field of asthma.For type 2 asthma,targeted therapies have become effective treatments and widely used in clinical practice.In order to further understand the progress of biologic drugs for bronchial asthma,as well as the disease outcomes in patients with type 2 asthma,and improve asthma control and remission,this article reviewed the progress and achievements of biologic drugs for asthma from May 1,2023 to April 30,2024,providing clinical perspective for the choosing appropriate targeted treatment of asthma.It also highlights selected poster pre-sentations from the ATS 2024 Annual Meeting to provide clinical insights for choosing appropriate targeted treatments for Type 2 asthma.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Excellent Postdoctoral Program[2023ZB410]of China.
文摘Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)is a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the mucosa of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus,often stemming from untreated or recurrent acute sinusitis.Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation,intermittent bronchospasm,and symptoms such as wheezing and dyspnea.These two conditions frequently coexist,sharing overlapping pathogenic mechanisms and inflammatory pathways.Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),a condition where stomach contents reflux into the esophagus,is another prevalent comorbidity associated with asthma and CRS.Notably,GERD is more common in CRS patients,suggesting the intricate and potentially bidirectional relationship among CRS,asthma,and GERD.Despite this complexity,a comprehensive understanding of these interconnections remains elusive in the literature.This review synthesizes findings from the past decade,focusing on the epidemiology,pathophysiology,and comorbidity mechanisms linking these three conditions.By addressing current knowledge gaps,it aims to provide insights into their shared mechanisms and implications for integrated clinical management.
基金the Joint Innovation Project Funds of Huaqiao University,No.2022YX001.
文摘The global incidence of asthma,a leading respiratory disorder affecting more than 235 million people,has dramatically increased in recent years.Characterized by chronic airway inflammation and an imbalanced response to airborne irritants,this chronic condition is associated with elevated levels of inflammatory factors and symptoms such as dyspnea,cough,wheezing,and chest tightness.Conventional asthma therapies,such as corticosteroids,long-actingβ-agonists,and antiinflammatory agents,often evoke diverse adverse reactions and fail to reduce symptoms and hospitalization rates over the long term effectively.These limitations have prompted researchers to explore innovative therapeutic strategies,including stem cell-related interventions,offering hope to those afflicted with this incurable disease.In this review,we describe the characteristics of stem cells and critically assess the potential and challenges of stem cell-based therapies to improve disease management and treatment outcomes for asthma and other diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB)is a rare,chronic inflammatory lung disease mar-ked by chronic cough,breathlessness,and preceding sinusitis.Symptoms often persist for years and can be misdiagnosed as asthma,particularly in children.This report describes a DPB case resolved with long-term azithromycin therapy,em-phasizing the need for a timely and accurate diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old girl,diagnosed with asthma at age five and managed with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists,developed a history of chronic productive cough and chronic sinusitis for a year.On examination,she exhibited wheezing and coarse crackles.Despite receiving treatment for an asthma exacer-bation,her symptoms did not improve.A chest X-ray revealed reticulonodular infiltration in both lower lungs,prompting further evaluation with high-resolu-tion computed tomography(HRCT).The HRCT confirmed centrilobular nodule opacities,a'tree-in-bud'pattern,and non-tapering bronchi,suggesting DPB.Elevated cold hemagglutinin titers at 128 further supported the diagnosis.Her cough and sinusitis resolved within a month after starting azithromycin therapy,chosen for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.Follow-up HRCT scans after 1 year of continuous treatment showed complete normalization.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in achieving favorable outcomes for DPB.
文摘Background:To appraise the ameliorative potentials of Allium sativum aqueous extract in ovalbumin(OVA)-lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced asthma.Methods:Extraction,phytochemical analysis,determination of bioactive compounds and LD50 study of aqueous extract of A.sativum were achieved using standard biochemical methods.Twenty-four(24)male Wistar rats averagely weighing between 168–255 g were grouped into four of six animals in each steel-metal cage.Groups 1 and 2 served as normal and positive groups respectively.Rats in groups 2–4 were sensitized and challenged with a combination of OVA and LPS.Groups 3 and 4 were administered 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of aqueous extract of A.sativum respectively for two weeks.The effect of aqueous extracts of A.sativum in OVA and LPS-induced asthma on alterations in differential white blood cells,inflammatory cytokines,some serum biochemical as well as histological indicators of experimental rats were assessed.Results:The aqueous extract of 600 g of plant material yielded 74.1 g accounting for 11.9%of sample material used.The result of the Phytochemical analysis showed higher number of glycosides,flavonoids and phenols.The animals displayed zero behavioral adverse reaction when administered the aqueous extract up to the highest dose of 5,000 mg/kg b.w.Administrations of aqueous extract of A.sativum remarkably(P<0.05;95%confidence intervals CI)declined the levels of neutrophils,eosinophils and total white blood cell count as opposed to the untreated group.Levels of interleukin 4(IL-4),interleukin 5(IL-5),interleukin 13(IL-13)and immunoglobulin E(IgE)of groups 3 and 4 had a significant(P<0.05;95%CI)varying percentage reduction(IL-4=39.78%,49.51%;IL-5=34.66%,40.05%;IL-13=31.96%,30.81%;33.45%,21.38%)respectively in comparison to group 2(untreated).The result showed a significantly(P<0.05,95%CI)declined malonaldehyde(MDA)concentration and elevated catalase,decreased glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase activity of the treatment groups compared to the untreated.Serum liver function enzymes including alkaline phosphatase,alanine transaminase,and aspartate transaminase in the groups receiving aqueous extract of A.sativum exhibited a significant(P<0.05;95%CI)reduction in levels compared to group 2(untreated).Conclusion:Findings from this study indicated that aqueous extracts of A.sativum have the potential to improve asthma symptoms by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and mitigating oxidative stress.This effect could enhance the efficacy of conventional treatments such as inhaled corticosteroids,including cortisone,hydrocortisone,dexamethasone,and prednisone,as well as bronchodilators,leukotriene modifiers,and biologic therapies.Further studies need to be carried out on human subjects and also expanded to other respiratory disorders like Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019.
文摘BACKGROUND IgE plays a critical role in allergic inflammation and asthma pathogenesis.This study investigates the involvement of IgE cells in asthma exacerbation and evaluates the effectiveness of targeted interventions.AIM To evaluate the role of IgE in the exacerbation of allergic asthma and to determine the clinical efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in improving disease outcomes.Specifically,the study investigates changes in serum IgE levels,lung function,asthma control scores,and the frequency of acute exacerbations among patients receiving standard therapy with or without anti-IgE intervention.METHODS A total of 200 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe asthma were enrolled in this experimental study conducted from April 2024 to April 2025.Participants were randomized to receive either standard asthma therapy or therapy combined with anti-IgE agents.IgE levels and asthma control parameters were monitored.RESULTS Participants receiving anti-IgE treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in serum IgE levels(P<0.001),improved Forced expiratory volume in one second scores,and fewer exacerbation episodes compared to the control group.CONCLUSION IgE cells significantly contribute to asthma severity,and targeted therapy against IgE can improve disease outcomes.These findings underscore the importance of immunomodulatory strategies in asthma management.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:No.82374583,82274646.
文摘The development of adrenergic agonists(AAs)for asthma has provided important mechanistic insights into acupuncture-based target discovery and treatment strategies.This review describes the historical evolution of AA therapy,including the precise optimization of nonselective toβ2-selective agonists,im-provement from short-acting to ultra-long-acting agents,shift from targeted monotherapy to combination regimens,and alterations in drug formulation.Additionally,this review summarizes recent advances in acupuncture treatment for asthma,including the development of novel targeted therapies,application of acupuncture-based combination regimens,and optimization of the mode of administration.Taken to-gether,this article discusses key insights from research on AA that inform acupuncture approaches,with a focus on:(1)precision targeting:identifying acupuncture-specific targets to improve efficacy;(2)syn-ergistic treatment:employing multi-target combination regimens to enhance therapeutic outcomes;(3)formulation innovation:advancing acupuncture delivery methods to improve patient compliance;and(4)evidence-based development:strengthening clinical research to generate high-quality evidence to inform the discovery of novel targets and treatment strategies for asthma.
文摘In China,omalizumab is indicated for patients with moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma in whom symptoms remain inadequately controlled despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids(ICS)in combination with long actingβ-agonists(LABA)(GINA step 3 or higher),and urticaria.We report a case of joint and Achilles tendon inflammatory reactions in a patient with Th2-type asthma receiving omalizumab treatment.An adult male presented with recurrent episodes of sneezing,rhinorrhea,wheezing,chest tightness,shortness of breath,and dyspnea.He exhibited allergies to multiple substances and demonstrated impaired lung function,ultimately being diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and asthma.Following initial treatment with ICS and LABA,his symptoms were initially controlled.However,as the disease progressed,the frequency of nocturnal attacks increased,and the incidence of attacks during the allergy season escalated,leading to a significant decline in lung function.Subsequently,he commenced subcutaneous injections of omalizumab at a dosage of 600 mg monthly.There was a partial improvement in the frequency of asthma attacks after two injections.Unfortunately,four days after the first treatment,he reported pain in the right Achilles tendon.Rheumatological screenings,including a five-item antinuclear antibody test and an 11-item autoantibody profile test,revealed no significant abnormalities.Ankle joint ultrasound indicated hyperechoic spots around the Achilles tendon with acoustic shadows,suggesting the presence of Achilles tendinopathy.Ten days later,the pain symptoms resolved spontaneously.Due to the sig-nificant improvement in asthma symptoms,omalizumab treatment continued,albeit with a dosage reduction to 300mg.After intermittent treatment over four sessions,asthma symptoms improved markedly,with the Asthma Control Test(ACT)score increasing from 14 to 20.Lung function improved from moderate obstruction to mild obstruction.The only drawback was the patient’s recurrent swelling,pain,and joint effusion in the joints(specifically the knee and ankle)during the treatment period.Omalizumab is an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of allergic asthma.Although the incidence of adverse events reported in current studies is low,there have been emerging reports of joint swelling,pain,and myalgia reactions in both children and adults receiving treatment for asthma and urticaria.Given the rarity and non-specific nature of these reactions,it is challenging to ascertain the true incidence rate.Previous reports have described symptoms that occur upon initiation of the medication,which can recur upon re-administration.While the factors that may increase the risk of joint inflammatory reactions to omalizumab remain to be elucidated,this case contributes to a deeper understanding of this adverse reaction associated with a well-tolerated and important therapeutic agent.
文摘Objective:To analyze the clinical value of Pulmicort Respules inhalation combined with cetirizine in the treatment of pediatric asthma.Methods:From December 2023 to December 2024,82 children with asthma admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 41 cases in each group.The clinical symptom relief time(shortness of breath,cough,dyspnea,lung wheezing),lung function indicators(FEV1,FVC,FEV1/FVC),inflammatory indicators(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8),and clinical treatment effects were analyzed in the two groups.Results:The relief time for shortness of breath,cough,dyspnea,and lung wheezing in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,compared with the control group,the levels of FEV1,FVC,FEV1/FVC,and treatment efficiency in the observation group were higher,while the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-8 were lower(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of Pulmicort Respules inhalation and cetirizine oral therapy for children with asthma can shorten the improvement time of clinical symptoms,inhibit inflammation,and improve lung function.
文摘Asthma is the most common allergic disorder and represents a significant global public health problem.Strong evidence suggests a link between ascariasis and asthma.This study aims primarily to determine the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection among various risk factors,to assess blood parameters,levels of immunoglobulin E(IgE)and interleukin-4(IL-4),and to explore the relationship between ascariasis and asthma in affected individuals.The secondary objective is to examine a fractal-fractional mathematical model that describes the four stages of the life cycle of Ascaris infection,specifically within the framework of the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative.A case-control study was conducted that involved 270 individuals with asthma and 130 healthy controls,all of whom attended general hospitals in Duhok City,Iraq.Pulmonary function tests were performed using a micromedical spirometer.The presence of Ascaris lumbricoides antibodies-Immunoglobulin M(IgM),Immunoglobulin G(IgG),and Immunoglobulin E(IgE)-was detected using ELISA.Blood parameters were analyzed using a Coulter counter.The overall infection rate was(42.5%),with the highest rates observed among asthmatic men(70.0%)and rural residents(51.4%).Higher infection rates were also recorded among low-income individuals(64.3%)and those with frequent contact with the soil(58.6%).In particular,infected individuals exhibited a significant decrease in red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration,while a marked increase in white blood cell count was recorded.In addition,levels of Immunoglobulin E(IgE)and interleukin-4 were significantly higher in the infected group compared to the controls.Effective disease awareness strategies that incorporate health education and preventive measures are needed.Exposure to Ascaris has been associated with reduced lung function and an increased risk of asthma.More research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms that link Ascaris infection with asthma.Furthermore,the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the proposed model are investigated using the Krasnosel’skii and Banach fixed-point theorems.The Ulam-Hyers and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability types are explained within the framework of nonlinear analysis inŁp-space.Finally,an application is presented,including tabulated results and figures generated using MATLAB to illustrate the validity of the theoretical findings.
基金Supported by the Joint Innovation Project Funds of Huaqiao University,No.2022YX001。
文摘BACKGROUND Current drugs primarily target inflammation control but do not reverse tissue remodeling changes for asthma.Human mesenchymal stem cells are known for their anti-inflammatory and tissue remodeling capabilities.However,limited research has explored the therapeutic impact of varying doses and frequencies of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells(HUC-MSCs)on established airway remodeling in experimental asthma.AIM To explore and optimize the dosage and administration frequency of HUC-MSCs in experimental models of ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthma.METHODS BALB/c mice underwent sensitization and were challenged using OVA.Control animals were administered a saline solution following the same protocol.HUC-MSCs were identified using flow cytometry.HUC-MSCs at incremental dosages(1×105,2×105,4×105)were injected via tail veins on day 30(the second after the final stimulation).After comparing each group and determining the optimal dose,supplement the optimal dose twice on day 30 and day 33(the second and fifth day after the final stimulation).Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and serum were harvested for analysis of concentrations of interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-13,immunoglobulin E and interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pharmacology of airways and lung functions were also evaluated to identify the optimal group.RESULTS The study shows that HUC-MSC transplantation ameliorates OVA-induced asthma by significantly reducing airway inflammation and obstruction in preclinical models.This effect is associated with decreased Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13,and increased Th1 cytokine IFN-γ.The optimal dose of 2×105 cells/mouse was identified as the most effective in reducing local asthmatic airway inflammation and changing levels of IL-4,IL-13,and IFN-γin serum and BALF compared to other single doses of HUC-MSC.Multiple treatments with the medium dose(2×105 cells)of HUC-MSCs on days 30 and 33 yield the best pathological and lung function outcomes.However,double treatments do not reduce IL-4 and IL-13 expression or enhance IFN-γproduction in serum or BALF more effectively than a single medium dose.CONCLUSION HUC-MSCs effectively regulate pro-inflammatory mediators in serum and BALF,modulating airway remodeling and lung function.In this acute mouse asthma model,a single dosage of 2×105 is optimal,with more significant effects of decreasing airway obstruction requiring repeated administration.
基金Supported by the Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine"Hundred Million"Talent Project(Qihuang Project)(2019-QTL-003)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical efficacy characteristics of Suhuang Zhike capsule(苏黄止咳颗粒)and evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions in its broad clinical application.METHODS:This was a multicenter,prospective,singlearm,open-label phase IV clinical trial.A total of 1100 patients diagnosed with cough variant asthma(CVA)and the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome of wind evil invading the lung and lung Qi failing to propagate were planned for recruitment.Participants received Suhuang Zhike capsule orally,three capsules per dose,taken three times daily,for a treatment duration of 14 d.The primary outcome was the change in cough symptom scores from baseline to week 2.Cough severity was assessed twice daily.Additional evaluations included the rate and time of cough disappearance or basic disappearance rate,as well as the time of cough relief.TCM symptom scores were recorded at baseline and on days 7 and 14 of treatment.Safety assessments included monitoring for adverse events and conducting laboratory tests.RESULTS:A total of 1033 patients with CVA from 40 hospitals across China were enrolled in the study.Of these,1026 patients received the study medication and were included in the safety analysis.Fifty-four patients withdrew from the study,resulting in a drop-out rate of 5.23%.Treatment with Suhuang Zhike capsules significantly reduced cough symptom scores and improved cough-related symptoms in patients with CVA.The overall rate of cough disappearance or basic disappearance increased over the course of treatment,reaching 67.21%after 14 d.The median time of cough relief was 3 d,while the median time to cough disappearance or basic disappearance was 11 d.Additionally,the treatment led to reductions in TCM symptom scores and improvements in accompanying symptoms such as throat itching,expectoration,and shortness of breath.In terms of safety,no serious adverse events were reported.The incidence of related adverse events(AEs)was 2.24%(23 cases,30 events).The incidence of adverse reactions listed in the drug's instructions was 2.14%.Other related AEs not listed in the drug's instructions occurred in 0.39%of patients and included dizziness(0.19%),headache(0.10%),pruritus(0.10%),and palpitation(0.10%).CONCLUSION:Suhuang Zhike capsules demonstrated good efficacy and safety for the treatment of CVA.These findings offer valuable clinical evidence to support their broader application in routine clinical practice.
文摘Smoking is harmful to the lungs and has numerous effects on our bodies.This leads to decreased lung function,which increases the lungs’susceptibility to asthma triggers.In this paper,we develop a new fractional-order model and investigate the impact of smoking on the progression of asthma by using the Caputo operator to analyze different factors.Using the Banach contraction principle,the existence and uniqueness of solutions are established,and the positivity and boundedness of the model are proved.The model further incorporates different stages of smoking to account for incubation periods and other latent effects,enhancing the accuracy of system dynamics.Within this Fractional operator framework,key analyses are performed,including the identification of equilibrium points,computation of the basic reproduction number,sensitivity analysis,and assessment of local and global stability with the Lyapunov function.Additionally,chaos stability employing linear response regulation is implemented mathematically,and the effect of the compartment shows through simulations.A numerical iterative method employing Newton polynomial interpolation is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested model,and numerical simulations reveal its enhanced efficiency at various fractional orders.The fractional-order framework offers a more realistic representation than classical integer-order models.
文摘Objective Asthma imposes a significant global health burden.This study examines changes in the asthma-related disease burden from 1990 to 2021 and projects future burdens for 2050 under different scenarios.Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study,we analyzed asthma incidence,prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)from 1990 to 2021.We projected the disease burden for 2050 based on current trends and hypothetical scenarios in which all risk factors are controlled.Temporal trends in age-standardized incidence,prevalence,mortality,and DALY rates were explored using Annual Percent Change.Results In 2021,the age-standardized rates for asthma incidence,prevalence,mortality,and DALYs in China were 364.17 per 100,000(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:283.22-494.10),1,956.49 per 100,000(95%UI:1,566.68-2,491.87),1.47 per 100,000(95%UI:1.15-1.79),and 103.76 per 100,000(95%UI:72.50-145.46),respectively.A higher disease burden was observed among Chinese men and individuals aged 70 years or older.Compared to the current trend,a combined scenario involving improvements in environmental factors,behavioral and metabolic health,child nutrition,and vaccination resulted in a greater reduction in the disease burden caused by asthma.Conclusion Addressing modifiable risk factors is essential for further reducing the asthma-related disease burden.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.82370083).
文摘Background:Allergic eosinophilic asthma(EA)and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis(EGPA)share significant overlaps in both epidemiology and pathogenesis,suggesting a potential link between the two con-ditions.Despite these associations,the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms driving their connection remain poorly understood.Methods:We retrieved GSE143303 of EA and GSE144302 of EGPA from the GEO database and conducted dif-ferential expression analysis as well as functional enrichment analysis to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and potential pathogenic pathways.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was generated using the STRING database.Key hub genes were determined through cytoHubba.We added two publicly reported EA and EGPA-related transcriptome datasets,GSE117038 and GSE119136,for mutual verification.Subsequent valida-tion was performed via immune infiltration assessment utilizing CIBERSORT.Results:In total,267 DEGs were identified,in which HSP90AA1,HSPA8,CCND1,RPS20,CD74,RPL5,RPS6,RHOA,RPS3A and FLT3LG are the top 10 hub genes,while the antigen processing and presentation pathway and leukocyte cell-cell adhesion pathway were the potential influential pathways.Increased naïve B cells and M1 type of Macrophages were detected in EA patients through immune infiltration analysis.Conclusions:Utilizing bioinformatics techniques,this study is the initial investigation to uncover the shared mechanisms involving the antigen processing and presentation pathway and leukocyte adhesion pathways in the progression of both EA and EGPA.It may offer potential biomarkers for future studies on the underlying path-ogenesis and treatment of EA and EGPA as well as eosinophilia related co-morbidities.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174113,81473656)National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(No.2023-JSGG-15)。
文摘Many studies have shown that the development of allergic asthma is associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.Based on the gut-lung axis theory,probiotic intervention may be a potential strategy for respiratory diseases.Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 was reported to regulate gut microbiota in mice.However,its effect on allergic asthma has not been reported.In this study,we investigated the effect of the K56 on ovalbumininduced asthma and its possible mechanisms.Our results showed that K56 reduced asthma symptoms and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung of asthmatic mice.And K56 regulated the differentiation of helper T cells in the lung and intestine.Results from 16S r RNA gene sequencing showed that K56 prophylaxis significantly elevated the richness of Akkermansia and Burkholderia.Meanwhile,K56 abrogated the decrease in the levels of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in the feces.In addition,a rebound in the m RNA expression of the SCFA receptors was observed after K56 prophylaxis.Notably,the regulatory T cell(Treg)frequencies and the FFAR3 levels were positively correlated.These results suggest that K56 could attenuate asthma,possibly by modulating the intestinal microbiota and regulating Treg differentiation through SCFA metabolized.Our study showed that K56 may be used as a probiotic to prevent pulmonary inflammation and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in allergic asthma.
基金Research Project of Jiangsu Maternal and Child Health Care Association(Project No.:FX202335)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the correlation between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and childhood asthma,and to explore the impact of Mp infection on airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma.Methods:58 children with bronchopneumonia admitted to the First People’s Hospital of Jintan,Changzhou from April 2024 to October 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The levels of cytokines IL-4,IL-17,TGF-β1,and INF-γ in the serum were compared between the MP group and non-MP group,as well as between the MP wheezing group and MP nonwheezing group.Results:The levels of IL-17 and IL-4 in the MP group were significantly higher than those in the non-MP group(P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in the other indicators(P>0.05).Statistically significant differences in IL-17 and IL-4 were observed between the wheezing and non-wheezing groups(P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in the other indicators(P>0.05).There was a significant difference in IL-17 among the groups(P<0.05).The difference in IL-17 between the MP group and non-MP group was significant(P<0.05),and the difference between the wheezing and non-wheezing groups was marginally significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:M.pneumoniae infection may be one of the risk factors for the onset of childhood asthma,but its mechanism remains unclear.Further research is needed to determine whether Mp infection can serve as a biomarker for childhood asthma and to elucidate its underlying mechanism.
基金supported by the 2021 Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Applied Research Cultivation Plan Project(No.20212BAG70005,Yahui Wu)2021 Science and Technology Special Project and Social Development Project in Ji’an City,Jiangxi Province(No.20211-025242,Yahui Wu).
文摘Background:Dendritic cells(DCs)play a pivotal role in antigen presentation and regulating adaptive immune responses in asthma pathophysiology.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis of the GSE27011 dataset identified differentially expressed genes associated with pediatric asthma.An ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthma mouse model and an Rfx5 knockdown model were established.RFX5 expression was assessed in DCs from patients with asthma and asthmatic mouse lung tissues using qRT-PCR,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry.The regulatory effects of regulatory factor X5(RFX5)on histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2),class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator(CIITA),and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules(MHC II)expression,as well as its influence on lung tissue integrity,airway resistance,cytokine profiles,and immune cell infiltration,were analyzed.Co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore the interaction between RFX5 and HDAC2.Results:During asthma progression,RFX5 expression was upregulated,while HDAC2 levels were reduced in DCs.Rfx5 knockdown significantly alleviated lung pathology and inflammation,decreased granulocyte and lymphocyte counts,and lowered levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).In contrast,the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 4(IL-4),interleukin 10(IL-10),interleukin 18(IL-18),and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)was elevated,along with an increase in CIITA and MHC II gene transcription.Further analysis revealed a direct association between HDAC2 and the RFX5 promoter region.Conclusion:During asthma pathogenesis,allergens may upregulate RFX5 expression in DCs,enhancing its interaction with HDAC2,thereby alleviating the HDAC2-mediated effect.This process promotes the transcription of MHC II-associated genes and facilitates antigen presentation,ultimately driving asthma initiation and progression.This study elucidates the role of the RFX5/HDAC2 signaling pathway in the regulation of antigen presentation in pediatric asthma.
基金Supported by the People's Government of Yulin City(2023-SF-09)Yulin Meteorological Bureau(2024Y-02)Open Research Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Meteorology in the Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau(2022Y-21).
文摘Based on the number of asthmatic children in the Children's Hospital of Yulin City,the monitoring data of daily pollen concentration,and routine meteorological and environmental monitoring data of Yulin City from 2020 to 2022,the meteorological and environmental conditions of a thunderstorm asthma event in Yulin City in northern Shaanxi on September 9,2022 were analyzed.The results show that the strong convective weather was accompanied by a strong thunderstorm,lightning,gusts,short-time heavy precipitation and small hail,and the convective activity lasted for nearly 7 h.The short-term abrupt change of allergenic substances such as artemisia pollen caused by lightning,gusts and precipitation,the sudden drop in temperature,the inversion near the surface and the stimulation of cold air were the key meteorological conditions for the subsequent outbreak of asthma.In early September in 2022,the daily average pollen concentration in Yulin City was up to 1067.9 particles/1000 mm^(2),which was 113.3%and 41.2%higher than that of the same period in 2021 and 2020,respectively.The day before the thunderstorm,the pollen concentration soared to 2680 particles/1000 mm^(2),reaching the maximum of the year.The synergistic effect of the thunderstorm event and the sharp increase in pollen concentration on the previous day provided the background of heavy pollen pollution for this outbreak of thunderstorm asthma.O_(3)concentration was consistently high on the day of thunderstorm and the day before,and the peaks of O_(3)and PM 10 concentration appeared subsequently in the afternoon of the day,which became the background of air pollution for the asthma outbreak.
