Cytological characters of four species in Syncalathium （Asteraceae： Lactuceae）, a small genus with six identified species endemic to alpine scree of the Sino-Himalayan region, are surveyed in this report. Three spe...Cytological characters of four species in Syncalathium （Asteraceae： Lactuceae）, a small genus with six identified species endemic to alpine scree of the Sino-Himalayan region, are surveyed in this report. Three species （Syncalathiumpilosum, Syncalathium chrysocephalum, and Syncalathium disciforme） are examined for the first time. Combined with our previous counts, five species have been cytologically investigated from the genus and the results indicated that all species are diploid with the basic somatic chromosome number of x=8. The karyotype asymmetry of Syncalathium souliei is 2A, distinct from the other four species of 1A, and the remaining species are divided into two subgroups with different karyotypes, consistent with their morphological features. The significance of the cytological evolution of Syncalathium is briefly discussed.展开更多
Objective:To study the antioxidant properties of crude extract of different Asteraceae plants.Methods:The antioxidant properties of six extracts were evaluated using different antioxidant tests,including free radical ...Objective:To study the antioxidant properties of crude extract of different Asteraceae plants.Methods:The antioxidant properties of six extracts were evaluated using different antioxidant tests,including free radical scavenging,reducing power,metal chelation,superoxide anion radical scavenging,total antioxidant capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation activities.Results:Picris cyanocarpa(P.cyanocarpa)and Anthemis deserti(A.deserti)had powerful antioxidant properties as radical scavenger,reducing agent and superoxide anion radical scavenger while Achillia fragrantissima(A.fragrantissima)and Artemissia monosperma(A.monosperma)were the most efficient as ion chelator(100%at 100,200 and 400μg/mL)A.fragrantissima and Rhanlarium appoposum(R.appoposum.)showed 100%inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 200 and 400μg/mL,while butylatedhydroxy toluene and ascorinc acid showed 100and 95%inhibition percentage at 400μg/mL,respectively.Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl toluene and ascorbic acid.Conclusions:In most tests P.cyanocarpa and A.deserti had powerful antioxidant properties as radical scavenger,reducing agent and superoxide anion radical scavenger.展开更多
The polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the aerial parts of 18 medicinal or food plants of the As- teraceae family were studied. Five main caffeoyl derivatives were determined individually by HPLC and...The polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the aerial parts of 18 medicinal or food plants of the As- teraceae family were studied. Five main caffeoyl derivatives were determined individually by HPLC and compared with levels determined by colorimetry for total dihydroxycinnamic derivatives and total phenolics. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of these constituents to the antioxidant activity of the herbs determined by DPPH radical scavenging tests. Significant correlations were found between total phenolic (R2 = 0.8904), total dihydroxycinnamic derivative (R2 = 0.8529) and total caffeoyl derivative (R2 = 0.7172) concentrations and the DPPH-scavenging ability of all herbs. The antioxidant activity of the main constituents, including chicoric acid (EC50 = 8.24 μmol/l) or 3,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid (EC50 = 7.62 μmol/l), was very high compared to vitamin C (EC50 = 15.66 μmol/l). Thus, for each species, antioxidant activity mainly involves the major caffeoyl derivatives. The contribution to antioxidant activity were assessed as 48.92% for 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in Tanacetum parthenium (30.08 g/kg), and 68.96% for chicoric acid in Taraxacum officinale (34.08 g/kg). The main caffeoyl derivatives among polyphenols can be considered as the major antioxidant compounds of the studied Asteraceae herbs.展开更多
A single small population of chasmophytic plants is described as Mojiangia oreophila,a monotypic genus in the subtribe Crepidinae,characterised by a unique combination of morphological features,in particular densely l...A single small population of chasmophytic plants is described as Mojiangia oreophila,a monotypic genus in the subtribe Crepidinae,characterised by a unique combination of morphological features,in particular densely long-papillose homomorphic achenes with five main ribs each accompanied by two secondary ribs,coarse brownish pappus bristles,moderately many-flowered capitula,a small involucre with numerous outer phyllaries,perennial rosette herb growth and brown-woolly caudex and leaf axils.Molecular phylogenetic analysis detected that in the nrlTS phylogeny M.oreophila forms a clade of its own in the Crepidinae;in the plastid DNA phylogeny it is nested in the clade formed by the hybrid-ogenous genus Faberia,the maternal ancestor of which comes from the Crepidinae and the paternal ancestor from the Lactucinae,where Faberia is placed in nrlTS phylogenies.M.oreophila shares several morphological features with Faberia and also shares the expected chromosome number of 2n=16 with its hitherto unknown maternal ancestor.M.oreophila may therefore be a successor of the maternal ancestor of Faberia.Alternatively,cytonuclear discordance is to be assumed in Mojiangia,caused by chloroplast capture as a result of hybridisation and introgression with Faberia.展开更多
The Hengduan Mountains region is a biodiversity hotspot. In this study, we report the karyotypes of 19 species(21 populations) of Asteraceae from this region, 14 of which are reported for the first time. We also exami...The Hengduan Mountains region is a biodiversity hotspot. In this study, we report the karyotypes of 19 species(21 populations) of Asteraceae from this region, 14 of which are reported for the first time. We also examined polyploidy in Asteraceae plants and summarized karyotype data in the literature for 69 congeneric taxa. In these genera, there were five different ploidy levels in the region, though the most dominant was diploid(73.08%). There is no direct evidence that ploidy level and karyotype asymmetry are associated with the distribution of recorded Asteraceae species from the Hengduan Mountains. This suggests that polyploidy(26.92%) may not play an important role in the evolutionary history of these plants, even though, among these genera, the ratio of paleopolyploidy was high(46.15%).展开更多
The present research was undertaken to explor the possibility of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） associa- tion with Asteraceae plants in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia （AI-Ghat, Buraydah, Thumamah and Huraymila）. AM f...The present research was undertaken to explor the possibility of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） associa- tion with Asteraceae plants in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia （AI-Ghat, Buraydah, Thumamah and Huraymila）. AM fungal colonization in the roots, spore numbers in the rhizosphere soil, fungal species diversity and correlation between AM properties and soil properties were determined. The highest colonization was in Conyza bonariensis （65%） from AI-Ghat, Anthemis cotula （52%） from Buraydah and C. bonariensis （53%） from Thumamah. The lowest was in Vernonia schimperi （41%） from AI-Ghat, Pulicaria undulata （25%） from Buraydah, Acanthospermum his- pidum （34%） from Thumamah, Asteriscus graveolens （22%） and V. schimperi （22%） from Huraymila. Vesicular and arbuscular colonization were also presented in all plant species examined. The number of spores were 112-207 in AI-Ghat, 113-133 in Buraydah, 87-148 in Thumamah and 107-158 in Huraymila. Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, G. fasciculatum and G aggregatum were identified. Relative frequency of AM fungal species varied widely and was irrespective of location and plant species. Diversity index varied with the rhizosphere soils of dif- ferent plant species at various locations. Soil properties varied with locations and no distinct correlations were ob- served among the soil properties, root colonization and the number of spores. The results of the present study specified the association of AM fungi in different plants of Asteraceae and its significance in the ecological func- tioning of annual plants in the punitive environments of the rangelands in Saudi Arabia.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the extracts of Asteraceae plants on plant seeds and seedlings.[Methods]The effects of the extracts of three Asteraceae plants(Erigeron a...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the extracts of Asteraceae plants on plant seeds and seedlings.[Methods]The effects of the extracts of three Asteraceae plants(Erigeron annuus,Bidens pilosa and Inula japonica)on the seed germination and seedling growth of four plants(Setaria viridis,Erigeron canadensis,Chenopodium album and Lactuca sativa)were studied by the Petri dish filter paper method and bioassay method.[Results]Different concentrations(10,20,40,100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts of E.annuus,B.pilosa and I.japonica had different allelopathic effects on the seed germination of the same recipient plant,and with the increase of the concentrations of the extracts,the inhibitory effects were more significant.The extract of B.pilosa had the strongest inhibitory effect.The extracts at the low concentration(10 mg/ml)had no significant effects on the germination rates and germination energy of the four kinds of plant seeds.In terms of root growth and biomass,the extracts of E.annuus and I.japonica showed the effect of low promotion and high inhibition.Under the treatment with high concentrations(100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts from the three Asteraceae plants,the germination of plant seeds,plant root length,stem height and biomass were inhibited.With the concentrations of the extracts of the three Compositae plants increasing,the chlorophyll contents of the four plants showed a downward trend,and the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and other antioxidant protective enzymes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.[Conclusions]These three species of Asteraceae plants had certain allelopathic inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of the four kinds of plant seeds,including S.viridis,E.canadensis,C.album and L.sativa,and they have potential in the development of botanical herbicides or plant protection.展开更多
Myripnois is a monotypic shrub genus in the daisy family constricted to northern China.Although wild populations of Myripnois dioica are relatively rare,this plant may potentially be cultured as a fine ornamental.In t...Myripnois is a monotypic shrub genus in the daisy family constricted to northern China.Although wild populations of Myripnois dioica are relatively rare,this plant may potentially be cultured as a fine ornamental.In the present study,we sequenced the complete plastome of M.dioica,generating the first plastome sequences of the subfamily Pertyoideae.The plastome of M.dioica has a typical quadripartite circular structure.A large^20-kb and a small^3-kb inversion were detected in the large single copy(LSC)region and shared by other Asteraceae species.Plastome phylogenomic analyses based on 78 Asteraceae species and three outgroups revealed four groups,corresponding to four Asteraceae subfamilies:Asteroideae,Cichorioideae,Pertyoideae and Carduoideae.Among these four subfamilies,Pertyoideae is sister to Asteroideae+Cichorioideae;Carduoideae is the most basal clade.In addition,we characterized 13 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)that may be useful in future studies on population genetics.展开更多
Three species of the spittlebug genus Sphenorhina （Hemiptera： Cercopidae） have been observed in association with Crassocephalum crepidioides and Chromolaena ordorata, weedy tropical species in the family Asteraceae...Three species of the spittlebug genus Sphenorhina （Hemiptera： Cercopidae） have been observed in association with Crassocephalum crepidioides and Chromolaena ordorata, weedy tropical species in the family Asteraceae that have been implicated as nitrogen-fixing plants. The spittlebugs may be serving as indirect indicators of nitrogen fixation in some species of Asteraceae, a group in which nitrogen fixation has not been well established.展开更多
Bidens segetum Martius ex Colla known as the “picão do mato”, is an herbaceous plant that occurs in the Cerrado biome of some Brazilian states. Among the species of Bidens, we highlight B. pilosa known as...Bidens segetum Martius ex Colla known as the “picão do mato”, is an herbaceous plant that occurs in the Cerrado biome of some Brazilian states. Among the species of Bidens, we highlight B. pilosa known as “picão preto”, of which several activities are reported as antioxidant and antibacterial. Ethanolic extract from Bidens segetum (EEBs) showed an-tioxidant potential when analyzed by free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and antifungal activity against Cladosporium cladosporiodes and C. sphareospermum fungi. PFFR3.3 subfraction from EEBs has 81.5% of 5-O caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and potential antioxidant (DPPH). However, PFFR3.3 did not decrease superoxide anion in metastatic melanoma cells by dihydroeth-idium assay (DHE). PP4 subfraction is a mixture of polyacetylenes that has antifungal (Cladosporium) and antioxidant activity, since reduced superoxide anion amount in melanoma cells after 5 min of treatment. However, no dose-response and time-response curve were observed, not even with the authentic standard (5-CQA). Complementary chemical studies will be performed to confirm the polyacetylenes and 5-CQA structures present in the EEBs from B. segetum and new methodologies should be performed to confirm the antioxidant activity of these com-pounds and the effects on melanocytes and melanomas.展开更多
Baccharis dracunculifolia, popularly known in Brazil as “alecrim-do-campo”, is widely recognized for its therapeutic potential. The extract of its leaves is used for liver problems, stomach disorders and others. The...Baccharis dracunculifolia, popularly known in Brazil as “alecrim-do-campo”, is widely recognized for its therapeutic potential. The extract of its leaves is used for liver problems, stomach disorders and others. The objective of the present study was to perform a histochemical analysis of curimbata fish livers to evaluate the potential effects and risks of the ingestion of B. dracunculifolia. Thirty-two animals were divided into two experimental groups in duplicate: Control group (regular food) and B. dracunculifolia Treated group (food added with B. dracunculifolia). The fishes were collected on the 14th and 21st days after the treatment period of 21 days. The histological alterations were evaluated using the semiquantitative methods Mean Value of Alterations (MVA), Histopathological Alteration Index (HAI) and Image J®. HAI and MAV showed that the extract caused slight but statistically significant damages, widely distributed throughout the organ. The results showed significant hepatic alterations caused by the ingestion of B. dracunculifolia extract.展开更多
Saussurea is one of the largest and most rapidly evolving genera within the Asteraceae,comprising approximately 520 species from the Northern Hemisphere.A comprehensive infrageneric classification,supported by robust ...Saussurea is one of the largest and most rapidly evolving genera within the Asteraceae,comprising approximately 520 species from the Northern Hemisphere.A comprehensive infrageneric classification,supported by robust phylogenetic trees and corroborated by morphological and other data,has not yet been published.For the first time,we recovered a well-resolved nuclear phylogeny of Saussurea consisting of four main clades,which was also supported by morphological data.Our analyses show that ancient hybridization is the most likely source of deep cytoplasmic-nuclear conflict in Saussurea,and a phylogeny based on nuclear data is more suitable than one based on chloroplast data for exploring the infrageneric classification of Saussurea.Based on the nuclear phylogeny obtained and morphological characters,we proposed a revised infrageneric taxonomy of Saussurea,which includes four subgenera and 13 sections.Specifically,1)S.sect.Cincta,S.sect.Gymnocline,S.sect.Lagurostemon,and S.sect.Strictae were moved from S.subg.Saussurea to S.subg.Amphilaena,2)S.sect.Pseudoeriocoryne was moved from S.subg.Eriocoryne to S.subg.Amphilaena,and 3)S.sect.Laguranthera was moved from S.subg.Saussurea to S.subg.Theodorea.展开更多
基金supported bygrants-in-aid from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 30625004, 40771073 to HSUN, and 30770167 to Z-L NIE)the Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2008CC013 to HSUN)the National Science Foundation (DEB-0321846 to DEBOUFFORD)
文摘Cytological characters of four species in Syncalathium （Asteraceae： Lactuceae）, a small genus with six identified species endemic to alpine scree of the Sino-Himalayan region, are surveyed in this report. Three species （Syncalathiumpilosum, Syncalathium chrysocephalum, and Syncalathium disciforme） are examined for the first time. Combined with our previous counts, five species have been cytologically investigated from the genus and the results indicated that all species are diploid with the basic somatic chromosome number of x=8. The karyotype asymmetry of Syncalathium souliei is 2A, distinct from the other four species of 1A, and the remaining species are divided into two subgroups with different karyotypes, consistent with their morphological features. The significance of the cytological evolution of Syncalathium is briefly discussed.
基金group no RGP-NPP-262 King Sand Universityprovided by the National Research Center,Cairo.Egypt
文摘Objective:To study the antioxidant properties of crude extract of different Asteraceae plants.Methods:The antioxidant properties of six extracts were evaluated using different antioxidant tests,including free radical scavenging,reducing power,metal chelation,superoxide anion radical scavenging,total antioxidant capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation activities.Results:Picris cyanocarpa(P.cyanocarpa)and Anthemis deserti(A.deserti)had powerful antioxidant properties as radical scavenger,reducing agent and superoxide anion radical scavenger while Achillia fragrantissima(A.fragrantissima)and Artemissia monosperma(A.monosperma)were the most efficient as ion chelator(100%at 100,200 and 400μg/mL)A.fragrantissima and Rhanlarium appoposum(R.appoposum.)showed 100%inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 200 and 400μg/mL,while butylatedhydroxy toluene and ascorinc acid showed 100and 95%inhibition percentage at 400μg/mL,respectively.Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl toluene and ascorbic acid.Conclusions:In most tests P.cyanocarpa and A.deserti had powerful antioxidant properties as radical scavenger,reducing agent and superoxide anion radical scavenger.
文摘The polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the aerial parts of 18 medicinal or food plants of the As- teraceae family were studied. Five main caffeoyl derivatives were determined individually by HPLC and compared with levels determined by colorimetry for total dihydroxycinnamic derivatives and total phenolics. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of these constituents to the antioxidant activity of the herbs determined by DPPH radical scavenging tests. Significant correlations were found between total phenolic (R2 = 0.8904), total dihydroxycinnamic derivative (R2 = 0.8529) and total caffeoyl derivative (R2 = 0.7172) concentrations and the DPPH-scavenging ability of all herbs. The antioxidant activity of the main constituents, including chicoric acid (EC50 = 8.24 μmol/l) or 3,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid (EC50 = 7.62 μmol/l), was very high compared to vitamin C (EC50 = 15.66 μmol/l). Thus, for each species, antioxidant activity mainly involves the major caffeoyl derivatives. The contribution to antioxidant activity were assessed as 48.92% for 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in Tanacetum parthenium (30.08 g/kg), and 68.96% for chicoric acid in Taraxacum officinale (34.08 g/kg). The main caffeoyl derivatives among polyphenols can be considered as the major antioxidant compounds of the studied Asteraceae herbs.
文摘A single small population of chasmophytic plants is described as Mojiangia oreophila,a monotypic genus in the subtribe Crepidinae,characterised by a unique combination of morphological features,in particular densely long-papillose homomorphic achenes with five main ribs each accompanied by two secondary ribs,coarse brownish pappus bristles,moderately many-flowered capitula,a small involucre with numerous outer phyllaries,perennial rosette herb growth and brown-woolly caudex and leaf axils.Molecular phylogenetic analysis detected that in the nrlTS phylogeny M.oreophila forms a clade of its own in the Crepidinae;in the plastid DNA phylogeny it is nested in the clade formed by the hybrid-ogenous genus Faberia,the maternal ancestor of which comes from the Crepidinae and the paternal ancestor from the Lactucinae,where Faberia is placed in nrlTS phylogenies.M.oreophila shares several morphological features with Faberia and also shares the expected chromosome number of 2n=16 with its hitherto unknown maternal ancestor.M.oreophila may therefore be a successor of the maternal ancestor of Faberia.Alternatively,cytonuclear discordance is to be assumed in Mojiangia,caused by chloroplast capture as a result of hybridisation and introgression with Faberia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31670206, 31360049) to Zhi-Min Limajor Program of NSFC (grant 31590823, 31590820) to Hang Sun,NSFC (31370004, 31570213) to Jian-Wen Zhang
文摘The Hengduan Mountains region is a biodiversity hotspot. In this study, we report the karyotypes of 19 species(21 populations) of Asteraceae from this region, 14 of which are reported for the first time. We also examined polyploidy in Asteraceae plants and summarized karyotype data in the literature for 69 congeneric taxa. In these genera, there were five different ploidy levels in the region, though the most dominant was diploid(73.08%). There is no direct evidence that ploidy level and karyotype asymmetry are associated with the distribution of recorded Asteraceae species from the Hengduan Mountains. This suggests that polyploidy(26.92%) may not play an important role in the evolutionary history of these plants, even though, among these genera, the ratio of paleopolyploidy was high(46.15%).
基金financially supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
文摘The present research was undertaken to explor the possibility of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） associa- tion with Asteraceae plants in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia （AI-Ghat, Buraydah, Thumamah and Huraymila）. AM fungal colonization in the roots, spore numbers in the rhizosphere soil, fungal species diversity and correlation between AM properties and soil properties were determined. The highest colonization was in Conyza bonariensis （65%） from AI-Ghat, Anthemis cotula （52%） from Buraydah and C. bonariensis （53%） from Thumamah. The lowest was in Vernonia schimperi （41%） from AI-Ghat, Pulicaria undulata （25%） from Buraydah, Acanthospermum his- pidum （34%） from Thumamah, Asteriscus graveolens （22%） and V. schimperi （22%） from Huraymila. Vesicular and arbuscular colonization were also presented in all plant species examined. The number of spores were 112-207 in AI-Ghat, 113-133 in Buraydah, 87-148 in Thumamah and 107-158 in Huraymila. Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, G. fasciculatum and G aggregatum were identified. Relative frequency of AM fungal species varied widely and was irrespective of location and plant species. Diversity index varied with the rhizosphere soils of dif- ferent plant species at various locations. Soil properties varied with locations and no distinct correlations were ob- served among the soil properties, root colonization and the number of spores. The results of the present study specified the association of AM fungi in different plants of Asteraceae and its significance in the ecological func- tioning of annual plants in the punitive environments of the rangelands in Saudi Arabia.
基金Supported by Excellent Youth Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province(18B461)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2019NK4170)Double First-class Applied Characteristic Discipline in Hunan Province(Plant protection)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the extracts of Asteraceae plants on plant seeds and seedlings.[Methods]The effects of the extracts of three Asteraceae plants(Erigeron annuus,Bidens pilosa and Inula japonica)on the seed germination and seedling growth of four plants(Setaria viridis,Erigeron canadensis,Chenopodium album and Lactuca sativa)were studied by the Petri dish filter paper method and bioassay method.[Results]Different concentrations(10,20,40,100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts of E.annuus,B.pilosa and I.japonica had different allelopathic effects on the seed germination of the same recipient plant,and with the increase of the concentrations of the extracts,the inhibitory effects were more significant.The extract of B.pilosa had the strongest inhibitory effect.The extracts at the low concentration(10 mg/ml)had no significant effects on the germination rates and germination energy of the four kinds of plant seeds.In terms of root growth and biomass,the extracts of E.annuus and I.japonica showed the effect of low promotion and high inhibition.Under the treatment with high concentrations(100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts from the three Asteraceae plants,the germination of plant seeds,plant root length,stem height and biomass were inhibited.With the concentrations of the extracts of the three Compositae plants increasing,the chlorophyll contents of the four plants showed a downward trend,and the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and other antioxidant protective enzymes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.[Conclusions]These three species of Asteraceae plants had certain allelopathic inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of the four kinds of plant seeds,including S.viridis,E.canadensis,C.album and L.sativa,and they have potential in the development of botanical herbicides or plant protection.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050203)the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0505200)+1 种基金the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31590823)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570213)
文摘Myripnois is a monotypic shrub genus in the daisy family constricted to northern China.Although wild populations of Myripnois dioica are relatively rare,this plant may potentially be cultured as a fine ornamental.In the present study,we sequenced the complete plastome of M.dioica,generating the first plastome sequences of the subfamily Pertyoideae.The plastome of M.dioica has a typical quadripartite circular structure.A large^20-kb and a small^3-kb inversion were detected in the large single copy(LSC)region and shared by other Asteraceae species.Plastome phylogenomic analyses based on 78 Asteraceae species and three outgroups revealed four groups,corresponding to four Asteraceae subfamilies:Asteroideae,Cichorioideae,Pertyoideae and Carduoideae.Among these four subfamilies,Pertyoideae is sister to Asteroideae+Cichorioideae;Carduoideae is the most basal clade.In addition,we characterized 13 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)that may be useful in future studies on population genetics.
文摘Three species of the spittlebug genus Sphenorhina （Hemiptera： Cercopidae） have been observed in association with Crassocephalum crepidioides and Chromolaena ordorata, weedy tropical species in the family Asteraceae that have been implicated as nitrogen-fixing plants. The spittlebugs may be serving as indirect indicators of nitrogen fixation in some species of Asteraceae, a group in which nitrogen fixation has not been well established.
基金CNPq (Master Scholarship Simone Dias Franco) FAPESP (Grants No. 2014/14299-4 (07/2015-06/2017) and No. 2014/21593-2)
文摘Bidens segetum Martius ex Colla known as the “picão do mato”, is an herbaceous plant that occurs in the Cerrado biome of some Brazilian states. Among the species of Bidens, we highlight B. pilosa known as “picão preto”, of which several activities are reported as antioxidant and antibacterial. Ethanolic extract from Bidens segetum (EEBs) showed an-tioxidant potential when analyzed by free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and antifungal activity against Cladosporium cladosporiodes and C. sphareospermum fungi. PFFR3.3 subfraction from EEBs has 81.5% of 5-O caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and potential antioxidant (DPPH). However, PFFR3.3 did not decrease superoxide anion in metastatic melanoma cells by dihydroeth-idium assay (DHE). PP4 subfraction is a mixture of polyacetylenes that has antifungal (Cladosporium) and antioxidant activity, since reduced superoxide anion amount in melanoma cells after 5 min of treatment. However, no dose-response and time-response curve were observed, not even with the authentic standard (5-CQA). Complementary chemical studies will be performed to confirm the polyacetylenes and 5-CQA structures present in the EEBs from B. segetum and new methodologies should be performed to confirm the antioxidant activity of these com-pounds and the effects on melanocytes and melanomas.
基金the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES)support
文摘Baccharis dracunculifolia, popularly known in Brazil as “alecrim-do-campo”, is widely recognized for its therapeutic potential. The extract of its leaves is used for liver problems, stomach disorders and others. The objective of the present study was to perform a histochemical analysis of curimbata fish livers to evaluate the potential effects and risks of the ingestion of B. dracunculifolia. Thirty-two animals were divided into two experimental groups in duplicate: Control group (regular food) and B. dracunculifolia Treated group (food added with B. dracunculifolia). The fishes were collected on the 14th and 21st days after the treatment period of 21 days. The histological alterations were evaluated using the semiquantitative methods Mean Value of Alterations (MVA), Histopathological Alteration Index (HAI) and Image J®. HAI and MAV showed that the extract caused slight but statistically significant damages, widely distributed throughout the organ. The results showed significant hepatic alterations caused by the ingestion of B. dracunculifolia extract.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.32200172)Guangzhou Science and technology project(grant no.2023A04J0715).
文摘Saussurea is one of the largest and most rapidly evolving genera within the Asteraceae,comprising approximately 520 species from the Northern Hemisphere.A comprehensive infrageneric classification,supported by robust phylogenetic trees and corroborated by morphological and other data,has not yet been published.For the first time,we recovered a well-resolved nuclear phylogeny of Saussurea consisting of four main clades,which was also supported by morphological data.Our analyses show that ancient hybridization is the most likely source of deep cytoplasmic-nuclear conflict in Saussurea,and a phylogeny based on nuclear data is more suitable than one based on chloroplast data for exploring the infrageneric classification of Saussurea.Based on the nuclear phylogeny obtained and morphological characters,we proposed a revised infrageneric taxonomy of Saussurea,which includes four subgenera and 13 sections.Specifically,1)S.sect.Cincta,S.sect.Gymnocline,S.sect.Lagurostemon,and S.sect.Strictae were moved from S.subg.Saussurea to S.subg.Amphilaena,2)S.sect.Pseudoeriocoryne was moved from S.subg.Eriocoryne to S.subg.Amphilaena,and 3)S.sect.Laguranthera was moved from S.subg.Saussurea to S.subg.Theodorea.
