Based on commercial databases from S&P Global and Rystad Energy and public information from oil companies around the world,a systematic analysis has been conducted on the global hydrocarbon exploration investment,...Based on commercial databases from S&P Global and Rystad Energy and public information from oil companies around the world,a systematic analysis has been conducted on the global hydrocarbon exploration investment,award of exploration blocks,exploratory drilling,new conventional oil and gas discoveries,and exploration of associated resources in 2023.In 2023,the global hydrocarbon exploration investment increased steadily and the total number and area of awarded exploration blocks increased significantly.The decline in the number and success rate of high-impact exploration wells directly affected the quantity of additional oil and gas reserves discovered globally in 2023.In recent years,the deepwater areas of passive margin basins have been the major targets for seeking medium-and large-sized conventional oil and gas fields.In 2023,however,the newly discovered onshore reserves were equivalent to the newly discovered offshore reserves,and fine exploration in mature blocks achieved significant results.Oil companies continued to plan and perform unconventional oil and gas exploration activities and accelerated access to associated mineral resources such as natural hydrogen and helium and other emerging industries.For Chinese oil companies international exploration business,it is recommended to:(1)continue the upstream investment to strengthen upstream services for consolidating the strategic position of oil and gas resources;(2)uphold oil and gas exploration activities by further deploying exploration activities in the deepwater areas of passive margin basins,deeply exploring mature basins,closely following hotspot basins,and gaining access to frontier basins;(3)follow the principle of integrated development to plan the exploration of associated resources while exploiting conventional and unconventional resources;and(4)make technological innovations to develop and improve core technologies and promote the application of artificial intelligence.展开更多
Cache-enabled small cell networks have been regarded as a promising approach for network operators to cope with the explosive data traffic growth in future 5 G networks. However, the user association and resource allo...Cache-enabled small cell networks have been regarded as a promising approach for network operators to cope with the explosive data traffic growth in future 5 G networks. However, the user association and resource allocation mechanism has not been thoroughly studied under given content placement situation. In this paper, we formulate the joint optimization problem of user association and resource allocation as a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) problem aiming at deriving a balance between the total utility of data rates and the total data rates retrieved from caches. To solve this problem, we propose a distributed relaxing-rounding method. Simulation results demonstrate that the distributed relaxing-rounding method outperforms traditional max-SINR method and range-expansion method in terms of both total utility of data rates and total data rates retrieved from caches in practical scenarios. In addition, effects of storage and backhaul capacities on the performance are also studied.展开更多
Introduction Established in 1995, WAME （pronounced ＂whammy＂） is a nonprofit voluntary association of editors of peer-reviewed medical journals from countries around the world who seek to foster international coop...Introduction Established in 1995, WAME （pronounced ＂whammy＂） is a nonprofit voluntary association of editors of peer-reviewed medical journals from countries around the world who seek to foster international cooperation among and education of medical journal editors.展开更多
This paper presents an analysis of four aspects,including the distribution and production of global oil and gas fields,the distribution and changes of remaining recoverable reserves,the differences in oil and gas prod...This paper presents an analysis of four aspects,including the distribution and production of global oil and gas fields,the distribution and changes of remaining recoverable reserves,the differences in oil and gas production between regions/countries,and the development potentials of oil and gas fields unproduced and to be produced in 2023.On this basis,the situation and characteristics of global oil and gas development are expounded,and the trend of global oil and gas development is summarized.In 2023,upstream oil and gas production landscape is expanding,and the number of oil and gas fields in production is increasing significantly;oil and gas recoverable reserves increased year-on-year,driven by significant contributions from new discoveries and reserve re-estimates;the overall oil and gas production grew continuously,with notable contributions from new projects coming online and capacity expansion efforts;and the oil and gas fields unproduced or to be produced,especially large onshore conventional oil fields and economically challenging offshore gas fields,host abundant recoverable reserves.From the perspectives of reshaping oil and gas production areas due to the pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflicts,geopolitical crises,capital expenditure structures in petroleum exploration and development,and the proactive layout of oil and gas associated resources,the trend of global oil and gas development in 2023 was analyzed systematically.The enlightenment and suggestions in four aspects are proposed for Chinese oil companies to focus on core businesses and clarify development strategies in the post-pandemic era and the context of energy transition:The global oil and gas landscape is undergoing profound adjustments,and it is essential to grasp development trends,especially in core businesses;upstream business exhibits a strong potential,and emerging fields are considered as new growth poles;the prospects for tight/shale oil and gas are promising,and new pathways to ensure national energy security are explored;cutting-edge breakthroughs are achieved in emerging industries of strategic importance,and a comprehensive energy collaboration system for supply security is established.展开更多
As an energy-intensive heavy industry,the coal mining industry plays a key role in achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.This study presents an energy-carbon efficiency improving strategy aimed at reduc...As an energy-intensive heavy industry,the coal mining industry plays a key role in achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.This study presents an energy-carbon efficiency improving strategy aimed at reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption in mining areas by integrating gravity energy storage(GES)with carbon capture and power-to-gas(P2G)technologies.Utilizing the natural topography,abandoned mines can be converted into gravity energy storage systems to stabilize the fluctuating outputs of renewable sources,such as wind power(WP)and Photovoltaic(PV).Concurrently,carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology capture CO_(2)in mining areas,which is then transformed into methane using P2G systems.This methane is mixed with low-concentration coalbed methane to create a high-concentration combustible gas,facilitating carbon recycling and a collaborative multi-energy supply.The efficacy of the model was demonstrated through comparative simulations,which showed the utilization rate of renewable energy has increased,leading to a significant reduction in the total cost of the system and carbon emissions.This study confirms that optimizing gravity energy storage with CCUS-P2G effectively resolves the energy supply demand imbalance in mining areas,achieving economic and low-carbon advancements and offering theoretical support for the sector’s low-carbon transition.展开更多
The topics concerning intellectual property and the protection of traditional resources have been under international discussion coordinated by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)for more than 20 years....The topics concerning intellectual property and the protection of traditional resources have been under international discussion coordinated by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)for more than 20 years.The WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property,Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge was achieved based on the consensus of the origin-disclosure principle and defensive protection preventing the erroneous grant of patents,which leaves a gap with the"prior informed consent+sharing of benefit"mechanism championed by the Convention on Biological Diversity.For the traditional cultural expressions or folklore available in public,the copyright-like protection is controversial due to the obvious divergence between the view of exclusive rights protection and that of free public domain.From the trend of negotiations on reaching an international instrument,a shift from the expectation of"license&royalty"to"attribution&moral rights"as a bottom line might be more realistic for the protection of such folklore already in the public domain,and it is desirable to fully utilize the existing intellectual property system to safeguard the transmission and utilization of folklore by local communities.Adjustments to domestic law should follow the same rationale.展开更多
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects of China National Petroleum Corporation(2023ZZ07-01,2023ZZ07-02,2023ZZ07-03,2023ZZ07-05)。
文摘Based on commercial databases from S&P Global and Rystad Energy and public information from oil companies around the world,a systematic analysis has been conducted on the global hydrocarbon exploration investment,award of exploration blocks,exploratory drilling,new conventional oil and gas discoveries,and exploration of associated resources in 2023.In 2023,the global hydrocarbon exploration investment increased steadily and the total number and area of awarded exploration blocks increased significantly.The decline in the number and success rate of high-impact exploration wells directly affected the quantity of additional oil and gas reserves discovered globally in 2023.In recent years,the deepwater areas of passive margin basins have been the major targets for seeking medium-and large-sized conventional oil and gas fields.In 2023,however,the newly discovered onshore reserves were equivalent to the newly discovered offshore reserves,and fine exploration in mature blocks achieved significant results.Oil companies continued to plan and perform unconventional oil and gas exploration activities and accelerated access to associated mineral resources such as natural hydrogen and helium and other emerging industries.For Chinese oil companies international exploration business,it is recommended to:(1)continue the upstream investment to strengthen upstream services for consolidating the strategic position of oil and gas resources;(2)uphold oil and gas exploration activities by further deploying exploration activities in the deepwater areas of passive margin basins,deeply exploring mature basins,closely following hotspot basins,and gaining access to frontier basins;(3)follow the principle of integrated development to plan the exploration of associated resources while exploiting conventional and unconventional resources;and(4)make technological innovations to develop and improve core technologies and promote the application of artificial intelligence.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 61371087 and 61531013The Research Fund of Ministry of Education-China Mobile (MCM20150102)
文摘Cache-enabled small cell networks have been regarded as a promising approach for network operators to cope with the explosive data traffic growth in future 5 G networks. However, the user association and resource allocation mechanism has not been thoroughly studied under given content placement situation. In this paper, we formulate the joint optimization problem of user association and resource allocation as a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) problem aiming at deriving a balance between the total utility of data rates and the total data rates retrieved from caches. To solve this problem, we propose a distributed relaxing-rounding method. Simulation results demonstrate that the distributed relaxing-rounding method outperforms traditional max-SINR method and range-expansion method in terms of both total utility of data rates and total data rates retrieved from caches in practical scenarios. In addition, effects of storage and backhaul capacities on the performance are also studied.
文摘Introduction Established in 1995, WAME （pronounced ＂whammy＂） is a nonprofit voluntary association of editors of peer-reviewed medical journals from countries around the world who seek to foster international cooperation among and education of medical journal editors.
基金Supported by the Petro China Scientific Research and Technology Development Project(2023SC0105)。
文摘This paper presents an analysis of four aspects,including the distribution and production of global oil and gas fields,the distribution and changes of remaining recoverable reserves,the differences in oil and gas production between regions/countries,and the development potentials of oil and gas fields unproduced and to be produced in 2023.On this basis,the situation and characteristics of global oil and gas development are expounded,and the trend of global oil and gas development is summarized.In 2023,upstream oil and gas production landscape is expanding,and the number of oil and gas fields in production is increasing significantly;oil and gas recoverable reserves increased year-on-year,driven by significant contributions from new discoveries and reserve re-estimates;the overall oil and gas production grew continuously,with notable contributions from new projects coming online and capacity expansion efforts;and the oil and gas fields unproduced or to be produced,especially large onshore conventional oil fields and economically challenging offshore gas fields,host abundant recoverable reserves.From the perspectives of reshaping oil and gas production areas due to the pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflicts,geopolitical crises,capital expenditure structures in petroleum exploration and development,and the proactive layout of oil and gas associated resources,the trend of global oil and gas development in 2023 was analyzed systematically.The enlightenment and suggestions in four aspects are proposed for Chinese oil companies to focus on core businesses and clarify development strategies in the post-pandemic era and the context of energy transition:The global oil and gas landscape is undergoing profound adjustments,and it is essential to grasp development trends,especially in core businesses;upstream business exhibits a strong potential,and emerging fields are considered as new growth poles;the prospects for tight/shale oil and gas are promising,and new pathways to ensure national energy security are explored;cutting-edge breakthroughs are achieved in emerging industries of strategic importance,and a comprehensive energy collaboration system for supply security is established.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,2022YFB2703500,Zhao LuoNational Natural Science Foundation of China,52277104,Zhao Luo+2 种基金Science and Technology Major Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province,202402AF080006,Zhao LuoKey R&D Program of Yunnan Province,202303AC100003,Zhao LuoYunnan Fundamental Research Project,202301AT070455,Zhao Luo,202401CF070076,Zhao Luo。
文摘As an energy-intensive heavy industry,the coal mining industry plays a key role in achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.This study presents an energy-carbon efficiency improving strategy aimed at reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption in mining areas by integrating gravity energy storage(GES)with carbon capture and power-to-gas(P2G)technologies.Utilizing the natural topography,abandoned mines can be converted into gravity energy storage systems to stabilize the fluctuating outputs of renewable sources,such as wind power(WP)and Photovoltaic(PV).Concurrently,carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology capture CO_(2)in mining areas,which is then transformed into methane using P2G systems.This methane is mixed with low-concentration coalbed methane to create a high-concentration combustible gas,facilitating carbon recycling and a collaborative multi-energy supply.The efficacy of the model was demonstrated through comparative simulations,which showed the utilization rate of renewable energy has increased,leading to a significant reduction in the total cost of the system and carbon emissions.This study confirms that optimizing gravity energy storage with CCUS-P2G effectively resolves the energy supply demand imbalance in mining areas,achieving economic and low-carbon advancements and offering theoretical support for the sector’s low-carbon transition.
文摘The topics concerning intellectual property and the protection of traditional resources have been under international discussion coordinated by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)for more than 20 years.The WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property,Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge was achieved based on the consensus of the origin-disclosure principle and defensive protection preventing the erroneous grant of patents,which leaves a gap with the"prior informed consent+sharing of benefit"mechanism championed by the Convention on Biological Diversity.For the traditional cultural expressions or folklore available in public,the copyright-like protection is controversial due to the obvious divergence between the view of exclusive rights protection and that of free public domain.From the trend of negotiations on reaching an international instrument,a shift from the expectation of"license&royalty"to"attribution&moral rights"as a bottom line might be more realistic for the protection of such folklore already in the public domain,and it is desirable to fully utilize the existing intellectual property system to safeguard the transmission and utilization of folklore by local communities.Adjustments to domestic law should follow the same rationale.
