BACKGROUND Kidney is the vital organ that plays a great role in maintaining an optimal internal environment.The normal kidney function can be altered by physical injury or disease.Currently,chronic kidney disease(CKD)...BACKGROUND Kidney is the vital organ that plays a great role in maintaining an optimal internal environment.The normal kidney function can be altered by physical injury or disease.Currently,chronic kidney disease(CKD)is an increasing major health problem worldwide.In 2017,it was ranked as the 12th leading cause of death and is expected to rise to the 5th ranked cause of death by 2040.Therefore,early detection,increasing patients'awareness and treatment of CKD are required to hold the problem.However,despite its higher prevalence of hospitalized morbidity and mortality,little is known about the magnitude and associated factor of CKD in the Ethiopian context.Hence this study aimed to determine the magnitude of CKD and associated factors at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital(WKUSTH),South West Ethiopia.AIM To determine the magnitude,and associated factors of CKD in WKUSTH,Ethiopia.METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study with secondary data was conducted from November 15,2021 to February 28,2022 at WKUSTH.Three hundred forty five(345)participants were selected by a convenient sampling technique.Creatinine and urea were measured using cobas311 fully automated chemistry analyzer and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)was calculated using CKD epidemiology collaboration formula.Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by using a pretested questionnaire.Data were coded and entered into EpiData 3.1 version and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis.Bivariate analysis was used to screen candidate variables for multivariate analysis.In the multivariate analysis a P value<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS The magnitude of CKD by impaired eGFR were 54(15.7%)(95%CI:0.116-0.194).In multivariable analysis,older age[adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=5.91,95%CI:2.41-14.47)],hypertension(AOR=10.41,95%CI:4.55-23.81),diabetes mellitus(AOR=5.90,95%CI:2.14-16.23),high body mass index(AOR=3.0,95%CI:1.30-7.27),and anemia(AOR=2.94,95%CI:1.26-6.88)were independently associated with CKD.CONCLUSION The magnitude of CKD among adult patients admitted to WKUSTH was high.Hence,researchers need to do a population-based study and longitudinal study on the magnitude of CKD,associated factors.Estimation of GFR for all hospitalized patients might help to early detection of CKD and prevent complications.展开更多
Introduction: Foot amputation in a diabetic patient is a real public health problem due to its functional and psychological repercussions. The objective was to study the factors associated with amputation in patients ...Introduction: Foot amputation in a diabetic patient is a real public health problem due to its functional and psychological repercussions. The objective was to study the factors associated with amputation in patients monitored for a diabetic foot in the internal medicine hospitalization of the Abass Ndao University Hospital Center (CHU) in Dakar. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted from the records of hospitalized patients over a 24-month period. The analysis included a descriptive phase, followed by a bivariate phase completed by logistic modeling following a descending procedure. Results: Of 1499 hospitalized patients, 224 cases had diabetic foot (14.9%). Among the cases of diabetic foot, 198 patients met the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 61.7 ± 11.3 years, the sex ratio (M/F) was 1.2. Other associated cardiovascular risk factors were high blood pressure (54.0% 107 cases), and smoking (10.9% 21 cases). A history of lower limb amputation was found in 21.2% (42 cases). It was type 2 diabetes in 184 cases (92.9%) and the mean blood sugar was 2.7 ± 1.3 g/l. Chronic complications included neuropathy in 112 cases (78.3%), arteriopathy in 172 cases (86.9%), and chronic kidney disease in 167 cases (84.4%). The mean consultation time was 47.6 days. The main lesions were gangrene (64.6%), ulcer (24.7%), phlegmon (5.6%), and necrotizing fasciitis (5.1%). According to the University of Texas classification, patients presented with a stage D lesion (86.4%), grade 3 (51.0%). The hospital prevalence of amputation was 57.6% (114 cases), including major amputation in 55.1% (109 cases). The mortality rate was 36.4% (72 cases). Risk factors for amputation were peripheral arterial disease (ORa = 4.96 [1.33 - 18.43] p = 0.017), foot gangrene (Ora = 3.16 [1.24 - 8.04] p = 0.016) and Texas classification grade 3 (ORa = 17.49 [1.67 - 190] p = 0.019). Conclusion: The prevalence of foot and amputations remains a health problem. Reducing amputations will necessarily require strengthening prevention through education and early monitoring of diabetic patients.展开更多
Objective This study aims to assess the status of successful aging （SA） in longevity areas in China and explore multiple factors associated with SA among the young-old and oldest-old. Methods A total of 2296 elderly...Objective This study aims to assess the status of successful aging （SA） in longevity areas in China and explore multiple factors associated with SA among the young-old and oldest-old. Methods A total of 2296 elderly people aged 65 and older were interviewed in the longevity areas sub-sample of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey （CLHLS） in 2012. Baseline assessments included a researcher-administered questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory testing. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with SA. Results The prevalence of SA was 38.81% in the CLHLS in 2012. There were significant differences between ages groups, with SA compromising 56.85% among _〉65 years group and 20.31% among 〉100 years group （X2trend=126.73, P〈O.01）. The prevalence of SA among females was 33.59%, which was significantly lower than that among males （45.58%） （X2gender=33.65, P〈0.05）. In the regression analysis, having anemia ~OR=0.744, 95% CI： 0.609-0.910）, poor lifestyle （OR=0.697, 95% CI： 0.568-0.854）, poor sleep quality （OR=0.558, 95% CI： 0.456-0.682）, and central obesity （OR=0.684, 95% CI： 0.556-0.841） were the main factors associated with SA. The promoting SA rate decreased as age increased, and the group of 65-79 years had higher odds than the other age group. Conclusion Preventing central obesity, improving sleep quality and promoting healthy lifestyle may contribute to achieve SA among the elderly.展开更多
The Urban Heat Island Effect（UHI）has now become a commonly observed phenomenon worldwide.Indeed,it has become a significant environmental effect of urbanisation.In Malaysia,research results showed that UHI effects a...The Urban Heat Island Effect（UHI）has now become a commonly observed phenomenon worldwide.Indeed,it has become a significant environmental effect of urbanisation.In Malaysia,research results showed that UHI effects are very evident in several cities such as Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.UHI effect has long been observed to cause temperature of cities.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,including malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion,represent the leading cause of death worldwide due to the poor prognosis of most GI cancers.An investi...Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,including malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion,represent the leading cause of death worldwide due to the poor prognosis of most GI cancers.An investigation into the potential molecular targets of prediction,diagnosis,prognosis,and therapy in GI cancers is urgently required.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)clamp associated factor(PCLAF),which plays an essential role in cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle regulation by binding to PCNA,is a potential molecular target of GI cancers as it contributes to a series of malignant properties,including tumorigenesis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,migration,and invasion.Furthermore,PCLAF is an underlying plasma prediction target in colorectal cancer and liver cancer.In addition to GI cancers,PCLAF is also involved in other types of cancers and autoimmune diseases.Several pivotal pathways,including the Rb/E2F pathway,NF-κB pathway,and p53-p21 cascade,are implicated in PCLAF-mediated diseases.PCLAF also contributes to some diseases through dysregulation of the p53 pathway,WNT signal pathway,MEK/ERK pathway,and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal cascade.This review mainly describes in detail the role of PCLAF in physiological status and GI cancers.The signaling pathways involved in PCLAF are also summarized.Suppression of the interaction of PCLAF/PCNA or the expression of PCLAF might be potential biological therapeutic strategies for GI cancers.展开更多
The purpose of our study was to assess drinking status in middle school students and to understand the associated factors. The adjusted drinking rates were 50.9%, 39.8%, and 15.1% for lifetime, past-year, and current ...The purpose of our study was to assess drinking status in middle school students and to understand the associated factors. The adjusted drinking rates were 50.9%, 39.8%, and 15.1% for lifetime, past-year, and current drinking, respectively.展开更多
Background: Diarrheal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in many developing countries, including Ethiopia and is a leading cause of morbidity in Pastoralist Ethiopian-Somali region. Dia...Background: Diarrheal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in many developing countries, including Ethiopia and is a leading cause of morbidity in Pastoralist Ethiopian-Somali region. Diarrheal disease is not purely medical, but huge part of this should be traced back to the social, economic, environmental and behavioural aspects of the family. Determining these interactions is relevant to prevent and control diarrhoea. Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of diarrhoea and describe associated factors relating to diarrheal disease among under-five children in Jigjiga district. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jigjiga district from June 12 to 26 in 2014 using a structured and pretested questionnaire. A total of 1807 primary care takers were interviewed. Proportionate to size allocation was done and simple random selection was used to select sample units. Diarrheal morbidity occurred in the under-five children in the past 14 days were registered to determine prevalence. Data were entered using Epi Info version 3.5.3 and analysed in SPSS version 20. Odds ratio with 95% CI in a multivariate logistic regression was employed to control confounding factors. Results: The findings of this study showed that the overall two-week period prevalence of diarrhoea in under-five children was 27.3%: 95% CI (26.9%, 27.4%). Education of the primary caretaker, occupation of the father, birth order of the child, maternal diarrhoea, and hand washing during critical times, water source, type of water storage container, latrine availability, frequency of household solid waste water disposal, availability of liquid waste water drainage system and the type of the kitchen floor material showed as independent predictors of under-five child hood diarrhoea. Conclusion: This study revealed that diarrhoea morbidity was relatively high among children under-five years of age residing in Somali region. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhoea should focus mainly on water, sanitation and hygiene interventions including health education.展开更多
Objective To explore reported willingness and factors associated with utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services by female sex workers （FSWs） in China and to offer recommendations to optimize use of su...Objective To explore reported willingness and factors associated with utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services by female sex workers （FSWs） in China and to offer recommendations to optimize use of such services. Methods A questionnaire to explore willingness to use VCT was designed based on social ecological theory and formative qualitative research. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among FSWs from entertainment venues. Single and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine factors associated with reported willingness to utilize VCT. Results A total of 970 FSWs provided valid questionnaires, with 69% （669） expressing willingness to utilize VCT. Factors at the interpersonal level associated with reported willingness included knowledge about VCT, desire to get help if diagnosed as HIV positive, ability to imagine life after an HIV positive diagnosis, and perceived support for VCT from peers, managers, and family members. Availability of free antiretroviral （ARV） treatment represented a factor at policy level. Other factors included intention to leave sex work in the near future, having had a previous HIV test, and lack of a suspected STD history. Conclusions The rate of reported willingness to use VCT among FSWs was substantially higher than that of actual VCT utilization （11%）. The next step is to explore the connection between reported willingness and actual use. Based on these findings, peer education, VCT knowledge dissemination, and free ARV treatment should be emphasized to increase FSWs＇ willingness to use VCT.展开更多
Long-term complications are the main sources of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Aims: The aims of the study were to determine the rate of long-term complications in type 2 diabetic patients and to identi...Long-term complications are the main sources of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Aims: The aims of the study were to determine the rate of long-term complications in type 2 diabetic patients and to identify factors associated to these complications. Patients and method: Successive type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic center were submitted to a questionnaire and to clinical examination. Data were completed by consulting their medical reports. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: In 150 diabetic patients included in the study, the global rate of complications was 78.0%. Specific rate for itch complication investigated was 57.7% for peripheral neuropathy, 75.0% for erectile dysfunction, 20.0% for nephropathy, 36.6% for retinopathy, 40% for macroangiopathy and 8.0% for foot ulcer. Factors significantly associated with high rate of complications were age above or equal to 50 years (p = 0.001), the male gender (p = 0.000), high blood pressure (p = 0.0001), the absence of familial history of diabetes (p = 0.02), the duration of the disease above 5 years (p = 0.001) and high HbA1c level (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that type 2 diabetic patients followed up in the diabetic center in Cotonou showed a high rate of chronic complications which often occurred in a younger age than in developed countries. Numerous socio-demographic and biological factors were significantly associated with the high rate of complications.展开更多
An epidemic trend is observed in the evolution the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus worldwide. In a nationwide survey conducted in 2008, prevalence of diabetes was estimated to 2.6% in the hole Beninese population an...An epidemic trend is observed in the evolution the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus worldwide. In a nationwide survey conducted in 2008, prevalence of diabetes was estimated to 2.6% in the hole Beninese population and to 4.6% in Borgou department representing the highest in the country. Aim: To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the adult population and investigate associated factors in Borgou department. Method: A survey was conducted from September 30th to November 20th 2011. In a random sampling using the STEP wise approach of surveillance of chronic diseases recommended by the World Health Organization, 4597 subjects over 18 years old (1935 men and 2662 women) were selected. After informed consent, every subject was submitted to the STEP questionnaire and anthropometric measures. Capillary blood was drawn in fast condition to determine glycaemia. Diabetes was defined by fasting glycaemia above 1.26 g/l. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis and difference was considered significant with p < 0.05. Results: Prevalence of diabetes was 12.4%. There was not a significant difference between men (8.5%) and women (9.4%), p = 0.33. Prevalence of previously known diabetes was 1.2% suggesting a large proportion of undiagnosed diabetes. Prevalence of diabetes increased significantly with age (p < 0.0001). There was no association with instruction level (p = 0.21). Other factors significantly associated with diabetes were place of residency (p < 0.0001), ethnicity (p = 0.002), marital status (p < 0.0001), obesity (p = 0.017) and high blood pressure (p < 0.0004). Conclusion: There is a rapid increase in diabetes prevalence in Borgou department in Benin confirming the epidemic trend of the disease. A large proportion of these diabetic subjects remained undiagnosed, so untreated and then, exposed to precocious chronic complications and precocious mortality. These results strongly support need for active intervention program with objectives of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of diabetes mellitus and associated factors.展开更多
Maintaining participants in a trial ultimately without dropout helps keep a study on track,saving time,money,and resources.Since 2015,extensive bioequivalence(BE)studies have been carried out in China,while no researc...Maintaining participants in a trial ultimately without dropout helps keep a study on track,saving time,money,and resources.Since 2015,extensive bioequivalence(BE)studies have been carried out in China,while no research about dropout in healthy volunteers has been reported yet.In this retrospective study,1078 healthy volunteers participating in 18 BE studies from March 2016 to February 2019 in one Chinese hospital were included.Information about the healthy participants and BE studies was recorded for analysis.In terms of the dropout reason,poor compliance,adverse event(AE),and loss of follow-up were found to be the three leading causes of dropout,accounting for 78.7%of all dropouts.In terms of associated factors with active dropout,smoking habit(OR=5.790,P<0.001)was significantly associated with increased risk of active dropout,while older age(OR=0.940,P=0.042)and AE except for SAE(OR=0.321,P=0.004)were significantly associated with a decreased risk of active dropout.Strengthening the education on younger participants and participants with a smoking habit,as well as emphasizing the possible adverse reactions and potential risks,might be strategies to reduce active dropout in healthy participants.展开更多
BACKGROUND An increasing trend in colorectal cancer(CRC)occurring at younger ages has been observed worldwide,even though incidence is declining in the general population.Most currently available guidelines still reco...BACKGROUND An increasing trend in colorectal cancer(CRC)occurring at younger ages has been observed worldwide,even though incidence is declining in the general population.Most currently available guidelines still recommend CRC screening for older populations,despite an alarming rise in early-onset CRC incidence.Risk stratification is necessary to further determine the population most at risk for early-onset CRC.However,epidemiological data on related clinical characteristics and potential risk factors,especially in developing countries,have not been widely reported.AIM To investigate the prevalence,demographics,clinicopathologic features,and associated factors of young-onset CRC patients in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia.METHODS Patients undergoing colonoscopy examination between 2008 and 2019,yielding a diagnosis of CRC were identified from medical records.The subjects were classified into two groups according to their age at diagnosis,namely early-onset(18-49 years old)and late-onset(≥50-years-old).Demographic data,characteristics,and risk factors of both onset age groups were evaluated using the chisquare and Fisher’s exact test.RESULTS Among 495 CRC patients confirmed by histopathology,205(41.4%)were classified as early-onset and 290(58.6%)as late-onset.Most subjects in the earlyonset CRC group were male(53.7%),with 89.8%displaying adenocarcinoma histopathology.A majority(78%)of the early-onset CRC patients had left-sided tumors,with the rectum(41%)and rectosigmoid(17.6%)being the most common sites.Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom in the early-onset CRC patients(55.6%),which was significantly higher than that in the late-onset CRC patients(43.8%,P<0.05).Early-onset CRC cases were more likely to be underweight(34.6%vs 20.0%,P<0.001)compared to late-onset CRC cases.The proportion of subjects with suspected hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC)was also higher in the early-onset CRC group than in the late-onset age group(9.3%vs 4.1%,P<0.05).However,no difference was observed in the parental or family histories of CRC cases.CONCLUSION Early-onset CRC patients were more likely to have abdominal pain,underweight status,and HNPCC suspicion than late-onset CRC patients.展开更多
Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral tritherapies have improved the quality of life of people living with HIV (PVVIH) and extended their life expectancy. However, the nervous system is faced with a neurotropic v...Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral tritherapies have improved the quality of life of people living with HIV (PVVIH) and extended their life expectancy. However, the nervous system is faced with a neurotropic virus that evolves chronically, sometimes creating neurological disorders directly or indirectly linked to stigmatization or therapeutic effects. Objective: to determine the prevalence of depression associated with suicidal risk (SR) and identify associated factors. Patients and method: This was a prospective descriptive and analytical study from January 1 to November 30, 2022, including all HIV-positive patients receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy. The study took place in the infectious diseases department of Brazzaville University Hospital. This department has an inpatient capacity of 36 beds, and an outpatient capacity of 25 patients per day, three times a week. This is the largest center for PVVIH in Brazzaville. The Patient Heath Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess the degree of depression and suicidal risk. Therapeutic adherence was assessed using the Morisky questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Qualitative variables were expressed as numbers and percentages, and quantitative variables as means and standard deviations. Statistical tests were used according to their applicability criteria. For all tests, the significance threshold was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 150 patients were consulted, constituting the sample size. The prevalence of depression and suicidal risk was 32%. These patients had an average age of 42.83 ± 10.24 years, were female (n = 101;67.3%), Christian (n = 97;64%), single (n = 68;45.3%). Stigmatization (n = 75;50%) was the reason for attempted suicide. HIV was perceived as treatable (n = 103;68.7%), unlucky (n = 62;41.3%). Patients were WHO stage 1 (n = 105;70%). RS was present in 47 cases (31.3%). Factors associated with depression and suicidal risk were age (p = 0.000), residence (p = 0.028), suicide attempt (p = 0.000), desire to procreate (p = 0.000) and ARV (antiretrovirals) side effects (p Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and suicidal risk was high, in line with stigma and socio-economic conditions. The associated factors were in line with those identified in the literature. Mental health needs to be integrated into the overall care of people living with HIV.展开更多
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and associated factors in diabetics in the U...Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and associated factors in diabetics in the University Clinic of Endocrinology Metabolism Nutrition of the CNHU-HKM, Cotonou, Benin 2021. This was a cross-sectional, analytical study that ran from 23 September to 23 December 2021. Admitted diabetic patients seen in consultation during the study period were included. The DN4 tool was used as the basis for data collection. Data analysis was performed using R software version 3.6.1. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with DPN. Out of 155 diabetics, 54 patients had diabetic peripheral neuropathy, a prevalence of 34.8%. The average age of our patients was 56.8 years and 56.8% were female. Of the patients, 54.7% had unbalanced diabetes. An association between DPN and gender (p = 0.022), occupation (p = 0.004), education (p = 0.011), hypertension (p = 0.017), smoking (p = 0.031), diabetic imbalance (p = 0.001), diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.020) and dyslipidaemia (p = 0.015) was observed. DPN was also associated with erectile dysfunction in men (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is common (34.8). Its occurrence is indicative of the presence of associated factors.展开更多
Background: In lacustrine communities, whether in Benin or elsewhere, populations use impregnated mosquito nets (IMNs) as fishing nets. This depletes the lake of its fishery resources, which in turn are contaminated b...Background: In lacustrine communities, whether in Benin or elsewhere, populations use impregnated mosquito nets (IMNs) as fishing nets. This depletes the lake of its fishery resources, which in turn are contaminated by the pyrethroids impregnated in the nets. This study aims to determine the scale and factors associated with the use of pyrethroid-impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools in the municipality of Sô-Ava in Benin. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with two components. First, a quantitative component was made up of 280 volunteers who were interviewed in the seven districts of the city. Data collection was done in two phases: the first from September to October 2020, and the second in August 2022. Data were analyzed with Stata and logistic regression was used. Another qualitative component was made up of forty participants chosen by reasoned choice, of which 32 were split into four focus groups of eight members each, and the rest participated in semi-structured interviews. Triangulation of the different sources was used to analyze the data. Results: Around 67% of the population reported using impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools and 33% exclusively for malaria. Seasonal fishermen (ORa = 2.03, CI = 1.35 - 4.97, P = 0.004) and years of professional experience (ORa = 1.53, CI = 1.00 - 2.05, P = 0.021) increase the risk of using these nets as fishing tools. The use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets against mosquitoes causes skin scratching and impairs breathing because of the impregnation products, as reported by respondents. Conclusion: A high prevalence of inappropriate use of impregnated mosquito nets in fishing practices is highlighted in this study. Interviews in the field revealed that nets are diverted for fishing purposes to increase the volume of catches. Consequently, it will be appropriate to assess the pyrethroid content in water and fishery products.展开更多
Approximately 180 million people worldwide are affected by Viral hepatitis C, with 350,000 to 500,000 deaths yearly. The present study sought to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of viral hepatitis C (...Approximately 180 million people worldwide are affected by Viral hepatitis C, with 350,000 to 500,000 deaths yearly. The present study sought to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of viral hepatitis C (VHC) among the Burundian population during a screening campaign. A total of 629 participants took part in the study, and the prevalence of viral hepatitis C was (8.11%). The associated factors identified as statistically associated were medical and surgical history (P = 0.02) and ear and nose piercing (P = 0.01). 51% of the infected persons were females. The mean age for viral hepatitis C carriage was 46.13 ± 14.3 years and 10.40% of viral hepatitis C carriers were over 50 years old. We found a high viral hepatitis C prevalence in married (9.55%) and divorced (9.38%) participants. The majority of our participants were farmers (60.25%) with a prevalence of viral hepatitis C (7.92%) while 11.54% of the infected participants were not educated. In conclusion, the current study shows a high prevalence of Viral Hepatitis C infection in Burundi. Infection was more likely to occur in older, married, farmer, and illiterates. Unsafe medical and surgical interventions with traditional practitioners were significant risk factors for contracting VHC infection.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a disease of great frequency and is a major public health problem. Several complications can occur during the course of diabetes such as diabetic nephropathy, which starts with microalbuminuria in...Diabetes mellitus is a disease of great frequency and is a major public health problem. Several complications can occur during the course of diabetes such as diabetic nephropathy, which starts with microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. This was a cross-sectional and analytical study which took place from 23 September to 23 December 2021 in the Endocrinology-Metabolism-Nutrition Department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou, Benin. We carried out an exhaustive census of the patients. Type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study, and 24-hour microalbumunuria, fundus examination and assessment of complications were performed. We identified 145 type 2 diabetic patients of whom 44 had positive microalbuminuria, i.e. a prevalence of 30.3%. There were 61 men and 84 women with a sex ratio of 0.72. The mean age was 59 years with extremes of 26 and 85 years. The complications identified in diabetics with positive microalbuminuria were Neuropathy (43.2%), Nephropathy (22.7%) and Retinopathy (20.5%). Factors associated with microalbuminuria in diabetics were: age, occupation, hypertension, diabetes imbalance, erectile dysfunction. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is common in type 2 diabetes. It should be managed early to slow the progression of kidney disease to the end stage.展开更多
HIV/AIDS is a serious health problem among prisoners and constitutes a big challenge for prison administration services, public health services and governments. <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"...HIV/AIDS is a serious health problem among prisoners and constitutes a big challenge for prison administration services, public health services and governments. <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aims</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> Determine the prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and describe associated factors. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Population and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from December 2015 to October 2016. A sample of 600 prisoners was randomly interviewed nationwide. They were selected directly from the sample frame from across the country and proportionally from all sites. Pre-established questionnaires providing information on the sociodemographic and biological characteristics of prisoners were used for the collection of data. Data entry and analysis were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">performed using EXCEL and SPSS 18 software. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The survey was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> based on a randomised sample of 600 prisoners, 593 of whom accepted blood extraction for the HIV testing. The series was mainly composed of males (89%). The median age was 33 years (18 -</span><span style="font-family:'';line-height:1.5;"> </span><span style="font-family:'';line-height:1.5;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">69). The level of education among respondents was 60%. Regarding marital status, the proportion of married prisoners was 51.8%. Almost three-quarters (71.5%) were at their first imprisonment and 51.8% were on preventive detention. The reasons for imprisonment varied and were dominated by drug use (35.3%), while only 4.6% confessed that they continued using drugs while in prison. 97.8% of prisoners have had a sexual experience. Their median age was 19 years at their first sexual intercourse. 20.5% reported using a condom during their first intercourse. Multi </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">partnership was estimated at 17.8%. The prevalence of HIV infection was high among prisoners (2%), the quadruple of the national rate. This prevalence was associated with female sex (4.5%) (p =</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.012) and housewives (12.5%) (p =</span></span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;"> 0.002). </span><b style="line-height:1.5;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">Prisoners are very vulnerable to HIV infection with a high prevalence compared to the national rate, hence the need for the enforcement of effective HIV prevention and care measures in prisons.</span>展开更多
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Cameroon. Garoua city is the headquarters of the North Region of Cameroon, where the HBV prevalence is among the highest of the count...Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Cameroon. Garoua city is the headquarters of the North Region of Cameroon, where the HBV prevalence is among the highest of the country. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBsAg carriage and associated factors among persons incarcerated in the Garoua Central Prison. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 1 to July 31, 2023 at the Garoua Central prison. We included all prisoners willing to participate in the study and who gave their verbal consent. We collected data using a pre-established data entry form and we used rapid test for blood screening for HBV surface antigen (HBs Ag) with ELISA confirmation. Data were analyzed using the R<sup>®</sup> software for Windows. After the univariate analysis, we selected associated variables to HBV infection with p-value p-value was set at 5%. Results: We included 1389 prisoners out of which 97.6% were male. The median age (IQR) of the study population was 28 (23 - 35) years. The median (IQR) duration of incarceration was 12 (6 - 26) months and the mean (±sd) number of incarcerations was 1.24 (±0.6). HBV prevalence was estimated at 14.8% (95% CI: 13.0 - 16.7). Upon uni- and multivariate analysis, no risk factor was significantly associated with viral hepatitis B infection in our study population. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hepatitis B was high in the Garoua Central Prison, but there were no additional risk factors for HBV infection. There is a need to include the Garoua Central Prison and by the way other prisons in the country in the chronic viral hepatitis care program.展开更多
Introduction: Hypertension is a real public health issue and its control is very difficult. We aim to determine the frequency of uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients followed up as an outpatient at the c...Introduction: Hypertension is a real public health issue and its control is very difficult. We aim to determine the frequency of uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients followed up as an outpatient at the campus university hospital of Lome (Togo) and to search for the associated factors. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical, carried out from February (2022) to August 2022 in 260 hypertensive patients aged 22 years old, followed up (on an) as an outpatient for at least 3 months at the Lome University Hospital campus. A univariate then multivariate analysis were conducted in order to highlight the most common factors significantly linked to uncontrolled. Results: The mean age of hypertensives was 56.4 ± 12.7 years, the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.59. Prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure was 42%. Associated Factors to poor blood pressure control in our study were age > 60 years (OR = 1.6 CI [1.17 - 2.50]), low socio-economic level (OR = 2.2 CI [1.96 - 4.33]), high cardiovascular risk level (OR = 3.1 CI [2.18 - 4.52]), non-adherence to regular blood pressure monitoring (OR = 3.3 CI [2.21 - 5.55]), low compliance to treatment (OR = 4.1 CI [2.33 - 6.76]) and a chronic renal failure (OR = 2.1 CI [1.21 - 3.10]). Conclusion: Nearly half of the hypertensives in our study had poorly controlled blood pressure by antihypertensive treatment medication. The factors of this poor control were age > 60 years, low socio-economic level, high or very high level of cardiovascular risk, low compliance to treatment, and renal failure.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Kidney is the vital organ that plays a great role in maintaining an optimal internal environment.The normal kidney function can be altered by physical injury or disease.Currently,chronic kidney disease(CKD)is an increasing major health problem worldwide.In 2017,it was ranked as the 12th leading cause of death and is expected to rise to the 5th ranked cause of death by 2040.Therefore,early detection,increasing patients'awareness and treatment of CKD are required to hold the problem.However,despite its higher prevalence of hospitalized morbidity and mortality,little is known about the magnitude and associated factor of CKD in the Ethiopian context.Hence this study aimed to determine the magnitude of CKD and associated factors at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital(WKUSTH),South West Ethiopia.AIM To determine the magnitude,and associated factors of CKD in WKUSTH,Ethiopia.METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study with secondary data was conducted from November 15,2021 to February 28,2022 at WKUSTH.Three hundred forty five(345)participants were selected by a convenient sampling technique.Creatinine and urea were measured using cobas311 fully automated chemistry analyzer and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)was calculated using CKD epidemiology collaboration formula.Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by using a pretested questionnaire.Data were coded and entered into EpiData 3.1 version and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis.Bivariate analysis was used to screen candidate variables for multivariate analysis.In the multivariate analysis a P value<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS The magnitude of CKD by impaired eGFR were 54(15.7%)(95%CI:0.116-0.194).In multivariable analysis,older age[adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=5.91,95%CI:2.41-14.47)],hypertension(AOR=10.41,95%CI:4.55-23.81),diabetes mellitus(AOR=5.90,95%CI:2.14-16.23),high body mass index(AOR=3.0,95%CI:1.30-7.27),and anemia(AOR=2.94,95%CI:1.26-6.88)were independently associated with CKD.CONCLUSION The magnitude of CKD among adult patients admitted to WKUSTH was high.Hence,researchers need to do a population-based study and longitudinal study on the magnitude of CKD,associated factors.Estimation of GFR for all hospitalized patients might help to early detection of CKD and prevent complications.
文摘Introduction: Foot amputation in a diabetic patient is a real public health problem due to its functional and psychological repercussions. The objective was to study the factors associated with amputation in patients monitored for a diabetic foot in the internal medicine hospitalization of the Abass Ndao University Hospital Center (CHU) in Dakar. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted from the records of hospitalized patients over a 24-month period. The analysis included a descriptive phase, followed by a bivariate phase completed by logistic modeling following a descending procedure. Results: Of 1499 hospitalized patients, 224 cases had diabetic foot (14.9%). Among the cases of diabetic foot, 198 patients met the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 61.7 ± 11.3 years, the sex ratio (M/F) was 1.2. Other associated cardiovascular risk factors were high blood pressure (54.0% 107 cases), and smoking (10.9% 21 cases). A history of lower limb amputation was found in 21.2% (42 cases). It was type 2 diabetes in 184 cases (92.9%) and the mean blood sugar was 2.7 ± 1.3 g/l. Chronic complications included neuropathy in 112 cases (78.3%), arteriopathy in 172 cases (86.9%), and chronic kidney disease in 167 cases (84.4%). The mean consultation time was 47.6 days. The main lesions were gangrene (64.6%), ulcer (24.7%), phlegmon (5.6%), and necrotizing fasciitis (5.1%). According to the University of Texas classification, patients presented with a stage D lesion (86.4%), grade 3 (51.0%). The hospital prevalence of amputation was 57.6% (114 cases), including major amputation in 55.1% (109 cases). The mortality rate was 36.4% (72 cases). Risk factors for amputation were peripheral arterial disease (ORa = 4.96 [1.33 - 18.43] p = 0.017), foot gangrene (Ora = 3.16 [1.24 - 8.04] p = 0.016) and Texas classification grade 3 (ORa = 17.49 [1.67 - 190] p = 0.019). Conclusion: The prevalence of foot and amputations remains a health problem. Reducing amputations will necessarily require strengthening prevention through education and early monitoring of diabetic patients.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[81273160,71233001,71110107025]United Nations Population Fund and the United States National Institutes of Health[R01AG23627]
文摘Objective This study aims to assess the status of successful aging （SA） in longevity areas in China and explore multiple factors associated with SA among the young-old and oldest-old. Methods A total of 2296 elderly people aged 65 and older were interviewed in the longevity areas sub-sample of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey （CLHLS） in 2012. Baseline assessments included a researcher-administered questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory testing. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with SA. Results The prevalence of SA was 38.81% in the CLHLS in 2012. There were significant differences between ages groups, with SA compromising 56.85% among _〉65 years group and 20.31% among 〉100 years group （X2trend=126.73, P〈O.01）. The prevalence of SA among females was 33.59%, which was significantly lower than that among males （45.58%） （X2gender=33.65, P〈0.05）. In the regression analysis, having anemia ~OR=0.744, 95% CI： 0.609-0.910）, poor lifestyle （OR=0.697, 95% CI： 0.568-0.854）, poor sleep quality （OR=0.558, 95% CI： 0.456-0.682）, and central obesity （OR=0.684, 95% CI： 0.556-0.841） were the main factors associated with SA. The promoting SA rate decreased as age increased, and the group of 65-79 years had higher odds than the other age group. Conclusion Preventing central obesity, improving sleep quality and promoting healthy lifestyle may contribute to achieve SA among the elderly.
基金funded by Grand Challenge-SUS(Sustainability Science)Grants GC002C-15SUS and GC002A-15SUS
文摘The Urban Heat Island Effect（UHI）has now become a commonly observed phenomenon worldwide.Indeed,it has become a significant environmental effect of urbanisation.In Malaysia,research results showed that UHI effects are very evident in several cities such as Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.UHI effect has long been observed to cause temperature of cities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971943 and No.81772196and the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2020CFB656.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,including malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion,represent the leading cause of death worldwide due to the poor prognosis of most GI cancers.An investigation into the potential molecular targets of prediction,diagnosis,prognosis,and therapy in GI cancers is urgently required.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)clamp associated factor(PCLAF),which plays an essential role in cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle regulation by binding to PCNA,is a potential molecular target of GI cancers as it contributes to a series of malignant properties,including tumorigenesis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,migration,and invasion.Furthermore,PCLAF is an underlying plasma prediction target in colorectal cancer and liver cancer.In addition to GI cancers,PCLAF is also involved in other types of cancers and autoimmune diseases.Several pivotal pathways,including the Rb/E2F pathway,NF-κB pathway,and p53-p21 cascade,are implicated in PCLAF-mediated diseases.PCLAF also contributes to some diseases through dysregulation of the p53 pathway,WNT signal pathway,MEK/ERK pathway,and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal cascade.This review mainly describes in detail the role of PCLAF in physiological status and GI cancers.The signaling pathways involved in PCLAF are also summarized.Suppression of the interaction of PCLAF/PCNA or the expression of PCLAF might be potential biological therapeutic strategies for GI cancers.
基金the financial support from Pernod Ricard (China)
文摘The purpose of our study was to assess drinking status in middle school students and to understand the associated factors. The adjusted drinking rates were 50.9%, 39.8%, and 15.1% for lifetime, past-year, and current drinking, respectively.
文摘Background: Diarrheal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in many developing countries, including Ethiopia and is a leading cause of morbidity in Pastoralist Ethiopian-Somali region. Diarrheal disease is not purely medical, but huge part of this should be traced back to the social, economic, environmental and behavioural aspects of the family. Determining these interactions is relevant to prevent and control diarrhoea. Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of diarrhoea and describe associated factors relating to diarrheal disease among under-five children in Jigjiga district. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jigjiga district from June 12 to 26 in 2014 using a structured and pretested questionnaire. A total of 1807 primary care takers were interviewed. Proportionate to size allocation was done and simple random selection was used to select sample units. Diarrheal morbidity occurred in the under-five children in the past 14 days were registered to determine prevalence. Data were entered using Epi Info version 3.5.3 and analysed in SPSS version 20. Odds ratio with 95% CI in a multivariate logistic regression was employed to control confounding factors. Results: The findings of this study showed that the overall two-week period prevalence of diarrhoea in under-five children was 27.3%: 95% CI (26.9%, 27.4%). Education of the primary caretaker, occupation of the father, birth order of the child, maternal diarrhoea, and hand washing during critical times, water source, type of water storage container, latrine availability, frequency of household solid waste water disposal, availability of liquid waste water drainage system and the type of the kitchen floor material showed as independent predictors of under-five child hood diarrhoea. Conclusion: This study revealed that diarrhoea morbidity was relatively high among children under-five years of age residing in Somali region. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhoea should focus mainly on water, sanitation and hygiene interventions including health education.
基金supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH) R03 Project(AI062276-01)a NIH UNC CFAR grant(#P30AI50410)
文摘Objective To explore reported willingness and factors associated with utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services by female sex workers （FSWs） in China and to offer recommendations to optimize use of such services. Methods A questionnaire to explore willingness to use VCT was designed based on social ecological theory and formative qualitative research. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among FSWs from entertainment venues. Single and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine factors associated with reported willingness to utilize VCT. Results A total of 970 FSWs provided valid questionnaires, with 69% （669） expressing willingness to utilize VCT. Factors at the interpersonal level associated with reported willingness included knowledge about VCT, desire to get help if diagnosed as HIV positive, ability to imagine life after an HIV positive diagnosis, and perceived support for VCT from peers, managers, and family members. Availability of free antiretroviral （ARV） treatment represented a factor at policy level. Other factors included intention to leave sex work in the near future, having had a previous HIV test, and lack of a suspected STD history. Conclusions The rate of reported willingness to use VCT among FSWs was substantially higher than that of actual VCT utilization （11%）. The next step is to explore the connection between reported willingness and actual use. Based on these findings, peer education, VCT knowledge dissemination, and free ARV treatment should be emphasized to increase FSWs＇ willingness to use VCT.
文摘Long-term complications are the main sources of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Aims: The aims of the study were to determine the rate of long-term complications in type 2 diabetic patients and to identify factors associated to these complications. Patients and method: Successive type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic center were submitted to a questionnaire and to clinical examination. Data were completed by consulting their medical reports. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: In 150 diabetic patients included in the study, the global rate of complications was 78.0%. Specific rate for itch complication investigated was 57.7% for peripheral neuropathy, 75.0% for erectile dysfunction, 20.0% for nephropathy, 36.6% for retinopathy, 40% for macroangiopathy and 8.0% for foot ulcer. Factors significantly associated with high rate of complications were age above or equal to 50 years (p = 0.001), the male gender (p = 0.000), high blood pressure (p = 0.0001), the absence of familial history of diabetes (p = 0.02), the duration of the disease above 5 years (p = 0.001) and high HbA1c level (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that type 2 diabetic patients followed up in the diabetic center in Cotonou showed a high rate of chronic complications which often occurred in a younger age than in developed countries. Numerous socio-demographic and biological factors were significantly associated with the high rate of complications.
文摘An epidemic trend is observed in the evolution the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus worldwide. In a nationwide survey conducted in 2008, prevalence of diabetes was estimated to 2.6% in the hole Beninese population and to 4.6% in Borgou department representing the highest in the country. Aim: To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the adult population and investigate associated factors in Borgou department. Method: A survey was conducted from September 30th to November 20th 2011. In a random sampling using the STEP wise approach of surveillance of chronic diseases recommended by the World Health Organization, 4597 subjects over 18 years old (1935 men and 2662 women) were selected. After informed consent, every subject was submitted to the STEP questionnaire and anthropometric measures. Capillary blood was drawn in fast condition to determine glycaemia. Diabetes was defined by fasting glycaemia above 1.26 g/l. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis and difference was considered significant with p < 0.05. Results: Prevalence of diabetes was 12.4%. There was not a significant difference between men (8.5%) and women (9.4%), p = 0.33. Prevalence of previously known diabetes was 1.2% suggesting a large proportion of undiagnosed diabetes. Prevalence of diabetes increased significantly with age (p < 0.0001). There was no association with instruction level (p = 0.21). Other factors significantly associated with diabetes were place of residency (p < 0.0001), ethnicity (p = 0.002), marital status (p < 0.0001), obesity (p = 0.017) and high blood pressure (p < 0.0004). Conclusion: There is a rapid increase in diabetes prevalence in Borgou department in Benin confirming the epidemic trend of the disease. A large proportion of these diabetic subjects remained undiagnosed, so untreated and then, exposed to precocious chronic complications and precocious mortality. These results strongly support need for active intervention program with objectives of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of diabetes mellitus and associated factors.
基金National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Development(Grant No.2017ZX09304022)。
文摘Maintaining participants in a trial ultimately without dropout helps keep a study on track,saving time,money,and resources.Since 2015,extensive bioequivalence(BE)studies have been carried out in China,while no research about dropout in healthy volunteers has been reported yet.In this retrospective study,1078 healthy volunteers participating in 18 BE studies from March 2016 to February 2019 in one Chinese hospital were included.Information about the healthy participants and BE studies was recorded for analysis.In terms of the dropout reason,poor compliance,adverse event(AE),and loss of follow-up were found to be the three leading causes of dropout,accounting for 78.7%of all dropouts.In terms of associated factors with active dropout,smoking habit(OR=5.790,P<0.001)was significantly associated with increased risk of active dropout,while older age(OR=0.940,P=0.042)and AE except for SAE(OR=0.321,P=0.004)were significantly associated with a decreased risk of active dropout.Strengthening the education on younger participants and participants with a smoking habit,as well as emphasizing the possible adverse reactions and potential risks,might be strategies to reduce active dropout in healthy participants.
文摘BACKGROUND An increasing trend in colorectal cancer(CRC)occurring at younger ages has been observed worldwide,even though incidence is declining in the general population.Most currently available guidelines still recommend CRC screening for older populations,despite an alarming rise in early-onset CRC incidence.Risk stratification is necessary to further determine the population most at risk for early-onset CRC.However,epidemiological data on related clinical characteristics and potential risk factors,especially in developing countries,have not been widely reported.AIM To investigate the prevalence,demographics,clinicopathologic features,and associated factors of young-onset CRC patients in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia.METHODS Patients undergoing colonoscopy examination between 2008 and 2019,yielding a diagnosis of CRC were identified from medical records.The subjects were classified into two groups according to their age at diagnosis,namely early-onset(18-49 years old)and late-onset(≥50-years-old).Demographic data,characteristics,and risk factors of both onset age groups were evaluated using the chisquare and Fisher’s exact test.RESULTS Among 495 CRC patients confirmed by histopathology,205(41.4%)were classified as early-onset and 290(58.6%)as late-onset.Most subjects in the earlyonset CRC group were male(53.7%),with 89.8%displaying adenocarcinoma histopathology.A majority(78%)of the early-onset CRC patients had left-sided tumors,with the rectum(41%)and rectosigmoid(17.6%)being the most common sites.Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom in the early-onset CRC patients(55.6%),which was significantly higher than that in the late-onset CRC patients(43.8%,P<0.05).Early-onset CRC cases were more likely to be underweight(34.6%vs 20.0%,P<0.001)compared to late-onset CRC cases.The proportion of subjects with suspected hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC)was also higher in the early-onset CRC group than in the late-onset age group(9.3%vs 4.1%,P<0.05).However,no difference was observed in the parental or family histories of CRC cases.CONCLUSION Early-onset CRC patients were more likely to have abdominal pain,underweight status,and HNPCC suspicion than late-onset CRC patients.
文摘Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral tritherapies have improved the quality of life of people living with HIV (PVVIH) and extended their life expectancy. However, the nervous system is faced with a neurotropic virus that evolves chronically, sometimes creating neurological disorders directly or indirectly linked to stigmatization or therapeutic effects. Objective: to determine the prevalence of depression associated with suicidal risk (SR) and identify associated factors. Patients and method: This was a prospective descriptive and analytical study from January 1 to November 30, 2022, including all HIV-positive patients receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy. The study took place in the infectious diseases department of Brazzaville University Hospital. This department has an inpatient capacity of 36 beds, and an outpatient capacity of 25 patients per day, three times a week. This is the largest center for PVVIH in Brazzaville. The Patient Heath Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess the degree of depression and suicidal risk. Therapeutic adherence was assessed using the Morisky questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Qualitative variables were expressed as numbers and percentages, and quantitative variables as means and standard deviations. Statistical tests were used according to their applicability criteria. For all tests, the significance threshold was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 150 patients were consulted, constituting the sample size. The prevalence of depression and suicidal risk was 32%. These patients had an average age of 42.83 ± 10.24 years, were female (n = 101;67.3%), Christian (n = 97;64%), single (n = 68;45.3%). Stigmatization (n = 75;50%) was the reason for attempted suicide. HIV was perceived as treatable (n = 103;68.7%), unlucky (n = 62;41.3%). Patients were WHO stage 1 (n = 105;70%). RS was present in 47 cases (31.3%). Factors associated with depression and suicidal risk were age (p = 0.000), residence (p = 0.028), suicide attempt (p = 0.000), desire to procreate (p = 0.000) and ARV (antiretrovirals) side effects (p Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and suicidal risk was high, in line with stigma and socio-economic conditions. The associated factors were in line with those identified in the literature. Mental health needs to be integrated into the overall care of people living with HIV.
文摘Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and associated factors in diabetics in the University Clinic of Endocrinology Metabolism Nutrition of the CNHU-HKM, Cotonou, Benin 2021. This was a cross-sectional, analytical study that ran from 23 September to 23 December 2021. Admitted diabetic patients seen in consultation during the study period were included. The DN4 tool was used as the basis for data collection. Data analysis was performed using R software version 3.6.1. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with DPN. Out of 155 diabetics, 54 patients had diabetic peripheral neuropathy, a prevalence of 34.8%. The average age of our patients was 56.8 years and 56.8% were female. Of the patients, 54.7% had unbalanced diabetes. An association between DPN and gender (p = 0.022), occupation (p = 0.004), education (p = 0.011), hypertension (p = 0.017), smoking (p = 0.031), diabetic imbalance (p = 0.001), diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.020) and dyslipidaemia (p = 0.015) was observed. DPN was also associated with erectile dysfunction in men (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is common (34.8). Its occurrence is indicative of the presence of associated factors.
文摘Background: In lacustrine communities, whether in Benin or elsewhere, populations use impregnated mosquito nets (IMNs) as fishing nets. This depletes the lake of its fishery resources, which in turn are contaminated by the pyrethroids impregnated in the nets. This study aims to determine the scale and factors associated with the use of pyrethroid-impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools in the municipality of Sô-Ava in Benin. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with two components. First, a quantitative component was made up of 280 volunteers who were interviewed in the seven districts of the city. Data collection was done in two phases: the first from September to October 2020, and the second in August 2022. Data were analyzed with Stata and logistic regression was used. Another qualitative component was made up of forty participants chosen by reasoned choice, of which 32 were split into four focus groups of eight members each, and the rest participated in semi-structured interviews. Triangulation of the different sources was used to analyze the data. Results: Around 67% of the population reported using impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools and 33% exclusively for malaria. Seasonal fishermen (ORa = 2.03, CI = 1.35 - 4.97, P = 0.004) and years of professional experience (ORa = 1.53, CI = 1.00 - 2.05, P = 0.021) increase the risk of using these nets as fishing tools. The use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets against mosquitoes causes skin scratching and impairs breathing because of the impregnation products, as reported by respondents. Conclusion: A high prevalence of inappropriate use of impregnated mosquito nets in fishing practices is highlighted in this study. Interviews in the field revealed that nets are diverted for fishing purposes to increase the volume of catches. Consequently, it will be appropriate to assess the pyrethroid content in water and fishery products.
文摘Approximately 180 million people worldwide are affected by Viral hepatitis C, with 350,000 to 500,000 deaths yearly. The present study sought to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of viral hepatitis C (VHC) among the Burundian population during a screening campaign. A total of 629 participants took part in the study, and the prevalence of viral hepatitis C was (8.11%). The associated factors identified as statistically associated were medical and surgical history (P = 0.02) and ear and nose piercing (P = 0.01). 51% of the infected persons were females. The mean age for viral hepatitis C carriage was 46.13 ± 14.3 years and 10.40% of viral hepatitis C carriers were over 50 years old. We found a high viral hepatitis C prevalence in married (9.55%) and divorced (9.38%) participants. The majority of our participants were farmers (60.25%) with a prevalence of viral hepatitis C (7.92%) while 11.54% of the infected participants were not educated. In conclusion, the current study shows a high prevalence of Viral Hepatitis C infection in Burundi. Infection was more likely to occur in older, married, farmer, and illiterates. Unsafe medical and surgical interventions with traditional practitioners were significant risk factors for contracting VHC infection.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a disease of great frequency and is a major public health problem. Several complications can occur during the course of diabetes such as diabetic nephropathy, which starts with microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. This was a cross-sectional and analytical study which took place from 23 September to 23 December 2021 in the Endocrinology-Metabolism-Nutrition Department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou, Benin. We carried out an exhaustive census of the patients. Type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study, and 24-hour microalbumunuria, fundus examination and assessment of complications were performed. We identified 145 type 2 diabetic patients of whom 44 had positive microalbuminuria, i.e. a prevalence of 30.3%. There were 61 men and 84 women with a sex ratio of 0.72. The mean age was 59 years with extremes of 26 and 85 years. The complications identified in diabetics with positive microalbuminuria were Neuropathy (43.2%), Nephropathy (22.7%) and Retinopathy (20.5%). Factors associated with microalbuminuria in diabetics were: age, occupation, hypertension, diabetes imbalance, erectile dysfunction. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is common in type 2 diabetes. It should be managed early to slow the progression of kidney disease to the end stage.
文摘HIV/AIDS is a serious health problem among prisoners and constitutes a big challenge for prison administration services, public health services and governments. <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aims</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> Determine the prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and describe associated factors. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Population and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from December 2015 to October 2016. A sample of 600 prisoners was randomly interviewed nationwide. They were selected directly from the sample frame from across the country and proportionally from all sites. Pre-established questionnaires providing information on the sociodemographic and biological characteristics of prisoners were used for the collection of data. Data entry and analysis were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">performed using EXCEL and SPSS 18 software. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The survey was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> based on a randomised sample of 600 prisoners, 593 of whom accepted blood extraction for the HIV testing. The series was mainly composed of males (89%). The median age was 33 years (18 -</span><span style="font-family:'';line-height:1.5;"> </span><span style="font-family:'';line-height:1.5;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">69). The level of education among respondents was 60%. Regarding marital status, the proportion of married prisoners was 51.8%. Almost three-quarters (71.5%) were at their first imprisonment and 51.8% were on preventive detention. The reasons for imprisonment varied and were dominated by drug use (35.3%), while only 4.6% confessed that they continued using drugs while in prison. 97.8% of prisoners have had a sexual experience. Their median age was 19 years at their first sexual intercourse. 20.5% reported using a condom during their first intercourse. Multi </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">partnership was estimated at 17.8%. The prevalence of HIV infection was high among prisoners (2%), the quadruple of the national rate. This prevalence was associated with female sex (4.5%) (p =</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.012) and housewives (12.5%) (p =</span></span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;"> 0.002). </span><b style="line-height:1.5;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">Prisoners are very vulnerable to HIV infection with a high prevalence compared to the national rate, hence the need for the enforcement of effective HIV prevention and care measures in prisons.</span>
文摘Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Cameroon. Garoua city is the headquarters of the North Region of Cameroon, where the HBV prevalence is among the highest of the country. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBsAg carriage and associated factors among persons incarcerated in the Garoua Central Prison. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 1 to July 31, 2023 at the Garoua Central prison. We included all prisoners willing to participate in the study and who gave their verbal consent. We collected data using a pre-established data entry form and we used rapid test for blood screening for HBV surface antigen (HBs Ag) with ELISA confirmation. Data were analyzed using the R<sup>®</sup> software for Windows. After the univariate analysis, we selected associated variables to HBV infection with p-value p-value was set at 5%. Results: We included 1389 prisoners out of which 97.6% were male. The median age (IQR) of the study population was 28 (23 - 35) years. The median (IQR) duration of incarceration was 12 (6 - 26) months and the mean (±sd) number of incarcerations was 1.24 (±0.6). HBV prevalence was estimated at 14.8% (95% CI: 13.0 - 16.7). Upon uni- and multivariate analysis, no risk factor was significantly associated with viral hepatitis B infection in our study population. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hepatitis B was high in the Garoua Central Prison, but there were no additional risk factors for HBV infection. There is a need to include the Garoua Central Prison and by the way other prisons in the country in the chronic viral hepatitis care program.
文摘Introduction: Hypertension is a real public health issue and its control is very difficult. We aim to determine the frequency of uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients followed up as an outpatient at the campus university hospital of Lome (Togo) and to search for the associated factors. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical, carried out from February (2022) to August 2022 in 260 hypertensive patients aged 22 years old, followed up (on an) as an outpatient for at least 3 months at the Lome University Hospital campus. A univariate then multivariate analysis were conducted in order to highlight the most common factors significantly linked to uncontrolled. Results: The mean age of hypertensives was 56.4 ± 12.7 years, the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.59. Prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure was 42%. Associated Factors to poor blood pressure control in our study were age > 60 years (OR = 1.6 CI [1.17 - 2.50]), low socio-economic level (OR = 2.2 CI [1.96 - 4.33]), high cardiovascular risk level (OR = 3.1 CI [2.18 - 4.52]), non-adherence to regular blood pressure monitoring (OR = 3.3 CI [2.21 - 5.55]), low compliance to treatment (OR = 4.1 CI [2.33 - 6.76]) and a chronic renal failure (OR = 2.1 CI [1.21 - 3.10]). Conclusion: Nearly half of the hypertensives in our study had poorly controlled blood pressure by antihypertensive treatment medication. The factors of this poor control were age > 60 years, low socio-economic level, high or very high level of cardiovascular risk, low compliance to treatment, and renal failure.
