The non-point source pollution arising from soil erosion is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the water quality of the Taihu Lake Basin. Forest plays an important role in controlling soil erosion and re...The non-point source pollution arising from soil erosion is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the water quality of the Taihu Lake Basin. Forest plays an important role in controlling soil erosion and reducing nutrient loss. Based on the survey data on forest resources in Anji County, we estimate the amount of soil erosion and nutrient loss of nitrogen and phosphorus reduced by forest, using soil erosion modulus method and soil nutrient content. In accordance with the degradation coefficient of pollutant and regional compensation standards of environmental resources, we assess the ecological benefits of forest function in reducing nutrient loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in Anji County. The results show that the forest in Anji County can reduce the soil erosion amount at 1.51 million t annually on the average, so as to control the nutrient loss of 1 409 t of total nitrogen and 577 t of total phosphorus in soil, equivalent to annually avoiding the flow of 824 t of total nitrogen and 410 t of total phosphorus into river water; this ecological service function can make forests in Anji County get 92.55 million yuan of ecological compensation funds (about 688 yuan/hm2·a), equivalent to 15 times of the current ecological compensation standard (47 yuan/hm2). The study reveals the importance of forest function in controlling soil erosion and nutrient loss in the upper reaches of Taihu Lake Basin to water environment protection in the basin, conducive to carrying out pollution control and protection work of the water environment in the basin.展开更多
The revision of CONSORT guidelines for reporting blinding in randomised controlled trials is the subject of controversy and criticism. To determine whether the criticism is justified, in this short communication paper...The revision of CONSORT guidelines for reporting blinding in randomised controlled trials is the subject of controversy and criticism. To determine whether the criticism is justified, in this short communication paper we discuss the problems encountered in the methodology of the assessment of blinding, and the reporting of blinding in randomised controlled trials and the standards of reporting on blinding with reference to their usage in clinical trials of acupuncture for chronic pain. To conclude we recommend two simple guidelines： the development of sound clinical protocols that anticipate potential difficulties and reinforce overall internal validity, and secondly. the accurate reporting of the methodologies used to ensure a clear view of blinding procedures.展开更多
Dear Editor,We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR)complex in a myopic patient with angioid streaks(ASs).A 19-year-old female has been experiencing visual field defects in her left eye for mor...Dear Editor,We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR)complex in a myopic patient with angioid streaks(ASs).A 19-year-old female has been experiencing visual field defects in her left eye for more than 3y.She was diagnosed with ASs and choroiditis at a local hospital.She has a seven-year history of bilateral high myopia.A fundus examination confirmed the presence of ASs and myopic fundus changes in both eyes.Multimodal imaging revealed an AZOOR complex in the left eye.展开更多
Enhancing the spatio-temporal connectivity of dynamic landscapes is crucial for species to adapt to climate change.However,the spatio-temporal connectivity network approach considering climate change and species movem...Enhancing the spatio-temporal connectivity of dynamic landscapes is crucial for species to adapt to climate change.However,the spatio-temporal connectivity network approach considering climate change and species movement is often overlooked.Taking Tibetan wild ass on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as an example,we simulated species distribution under current(2019)and future scenarios(2100),constructed spatio-temporal connectivity networks,and assessed the spatio-temporal connectivity.The results show that under the current,SSP2–4.5 and SSP3–7.0 scenarios,suitable habitats for the Tibetan wild ass account for 21.11%,21.34%,and 20.95%of the total area,respectively,with increased fragmentation projected by 2100.78.35%of the habitats which are predicted to be suitable under current conditions will remain suitable in the future,which can be regarded as stable climate refuges.With the increase in future emission intensity,the percentage of auxiliary connectivity corridors increases from 27.65%to 33.57%.This indicates that more patches will function as temporary refuges and the auxiliary connectivity corridors will gradually weaken the dominance of direct connectivity corridors.Under different SSP-RCP scenarios,the internal spatio-temporal connectivity is always higher than direct connectivity and auxiliary connectivity,accounting for 42%–43%.Compared with the spatio-temporal perspective,the purely spatial perspective overestimates network connectivity by about 28%considering all current and future patches,and underestimates network connectivity by 16%–21%when only considering all current or future patches.In this study,a new approach of spatio-temporal connectivity network is proposed to bridge climate refuges,which contributes to the long-term effectiveness of conservation networks for species’adaptation to climate change.展开更多
In this study,the corrosion resistance and the stability of passive films on the laser melting depositionprocessed 316L austenitic stainless steel with varying CeO_(2)contents in the environment of proton exchange mem...In this study,the corrosion resistance and the stability of passive films on the laser melting depositionprocessed 316L austenitic stainless steel with varying CeO_(2)contents in the environment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells were investigated using a combination of electrochemical and microstructural analyses.The findings reveal that 316L austenitic stainless steel with 0.20 wt%CeO_(2)exhibits a superior corrosion resistance,primarily due to grain refinement,a high proportion of low-angle grain boundaries and low∑coincidence site lattice grain boundaries,as well as increased dislocation density.The addition of CeO_(2)optimizes the type and size of inclusions and exerts a drag effect on grain boundaries,promoting the refinement of grains in the laser melting deposition-processed 316L auste nitic stainless steel.Moreover,the combined effect of these factors provides more active sites for the formation of a dense passive film with fewer point defects.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Environmental Protection Public Welfare Industry Targeted Research(201209027)
文摘The non-point source pollution arising from soil erosion is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the water quality of the Taihu Lake Basin. Forest plays an important role in controlling soil erosion and reducing nutrient loss. Based on the survey data on forest resources in Anji County, we estimate the amount of soil erosion and nutrient loss of nitrogen and phosphorus reduced by forest, using soil erosion modulus method and soil nutrient content. In accordance with the degradation coefficient of pollutant and regional compensation standards of environmental resources, we assess the ecological benefits of forest function in reducing nutrient loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in Anji County. The results show that the forest in Anji County can reduce the soil erosion amount at 1.51 million t annually on the average, so as to control the nutrient loss of 1 409 t of total nitrogen and 577 t of total phosphorus in soil, equivalent to annually avoiding the flow of 824 t of total nitrogen and 410 t of total phosphorus into river water; this ecological service function can make forests in Anji County get 92.55 million yuan of ecological compensation funds (about 688 yuan/hm2·a), equivalent to 15 times of the current ecological compensation standard (47 yuan/hm2). The study reveals the importance of forest function in controlling soil erosion and nutrient loss in the upper reaches of Taihu Lake Basin to water environment protection in the basin, conducive to carrying out pollution control and protection work of the water environment in the basin.
基金Hugh MacPherson is supported by a Career Scientist Award from the National Institute for Health Research,UK
文摘The revision of CONSORT guidelines for reporting blinding in randomised controlled trials is the subject of controversy and criticism. To determine whether the criticism is justified, in this short communication paper we discuss the problems encountered in the methodology of the assessment of blinding, and the reporting of blinding in randomised controlled trials and the standards of reporting on blinding with reference to their usage in clinical trials of acupuncture for chronic pain. To conclude we recommend two simple guidelines： the development of sound clinical protocols that anticipate potential difficulties and reinforce overall internal validity, and secondly. the accurate reporting of the methodologies used to ensure a clear view of blinding procedures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171073).
文摘Dear Editor,We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR)complex in a myopic patient with angioid streaks(ASs).A 19-year-old female has been experiencing visual field defects in her left eye for more than 3y.She was diagnosed with ASs and choroiditis at a local hospital.She has a seven-year history of bilateral high myopia.A fundus examination confirmed the presence of ASs and myopic fundus changes in both eyes.Multimodal imaging revealed an AZOOR complex in the left eye.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1303201).
文摘Enhancing the spatio-temporal connectivity of dynamic landscapes is crucial for species to adapt to climate change.However,the spatio-temporal connectivity network approach considering climate change and species movement is often overlooked.Taking Tibetan wild ass on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as an example,we simulated species distribution under current(2019)and future scenarios(2100),constructed spatio-temporal connectivity networks,and assessed the spatio-temporal connectivity.The results show that under the current,SSP2–4.5 and SSP3–7.0 scenarios,suitable habitats for the Tibetan wild ass account for 21.11%,21.34%,and 20.95%of the total area,respectively,with increased fragmentation projected by 2100.78.35%of the habitats which are predicted to be suitable under current conditions will remain suitable in the future,which can be regarded as stable climate refuges.With the increase in future emission intensity,the percentage of auxiliary connectivity corridors increases from 27.65%to 33.57%.This indicates that more patches will function as temporary refuges and the auxiliary connectivity corridors will gradually weaken the dominance of direct connectivity corridors.Under different SSP-RCP scenarios,the internal spatio-temporal connectivity is always higher than direct connectivity and auxiliary connectivity,accounting for 42%–43%.Compared with the spatio-temporal perspective,the purely spatial perspective overestimates network connectivity by about 28%considering all current and future patches,and underestimates network connectivity by 16%–21%when only considering all current or future patches.In this study,a new approach of spatio-temporal connectivity network is proposed to bridge climate refuges,which contributes to the long-term effectiveness of conservation networks for species’adaptation to climate change.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071227)Central Government Guidance to Local Science and Technology Development(YDZJSK20231A046)Key Scientific Research Project in Shanxi Province(202102050201003,202102050201010)。
文摘In this study,the corrosion resistance and the stability of passive films on the laser melting depositionprocessed 316L austenitic stainless steel with varying CeO_(2)contents in the environment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells were investigated using a combination of electrochemical and microstructural analyses.The findings reveal that 316L austenitic stainless steel with 0.20 wt%CeO_(2)exhibits a superior corrosion resistance,primarily due to grain refinement,a high proportion of low-angle grain boundaries and low∑coincidence site lattice grain boundaries,as well as increased dislocation density.The addition of CeO_(2)optimizes the type and size of inclusions and exerts a drag effect on grain boundaries,promoting the refinement of grains in the laser melting deposition-processed 316L auste nitic stainless steel.Moreover,the combined effect of these factors provides more active sites for the formation of a dense passive film with fewer point defects.
