Objective:To study callus induction from different explants(internode,leaf,root)and in vitro plantlets propagation from medicinally important plant Achyranthes aspera L.Methods:Sterilized explants were prepared by uni...Objective:To study callus induction from different explants(internode,leaf,root)and in vitro plantlets propagation from medicinally important plant Achyranthes aspera L.Methods:Sterilized explants were prepared by uning 0.1%HgCl_2 and 0.5%Bavistin and callus was obtained when cultured onto Murashige Skoog's(MS)medium by using different concentrations and combination of 2,4-D.NAA.BAP,IAA,IBA with 3%sucrose and 0.8%agar.Induced callus was immediately transferred to MS medium containing at different concentrations of phytohormones for shootlets and rootlets induction respectively.Results:Sterilization treatment of 0.1%HgCl_2.for 2-3 min and Bavistin 0.5%for 10-12 min showed the highest percentage of asepsis and survival rate.Maximum induction of callus was obtained from a combination of 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA from leaf.Highest shootlets number(4.83±0.l7)and length(3.8±0.16)cm were observed on full strength MS medium when fortified with BAP 4.0 mg/L and KIN 0.5 mg/L.Concerted efforts of BAP 10 mg/L and NAA 0.5 mg/L on full strength MS medium showed highest leaf number(6.77±0.94).In vitro raised shoots were allowed to root on different strengths of MS medium fortified with IAA and IBA at different concentrations.Experimentally,3.0 mg/L IBA was enabled to induce maximum rootlets number(10.0±9.82)on full strength MS medium.Afterwards,regenerated shoots with well developed roots were successfully subjected to hardening process and were acclimatized.The survived plantlets showed 66.67%survival frequency without any morphological abnormality.Conclusions:The results demonstrated that different explants were good source of callus induction,morphology analysis as well as indirect plantlets regeneration.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate antioxidant,antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of different parts(root, flower,leaf and stem)of Leucas aspera(L.aspera)(Labiatae).Methods:Different parts of L.aspera were extracted with 80%(v/v...Objective:To evaluate antioxidant,antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of different parts(root, flower,leaf and stem)of Leucas aspera(L.aspera)(Labiatae).Methods:Different parts of L.aspera were extracted with 80%(v/v)methanol.The methanol extracts were subjected to antioxidant, antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay.Results:All the extracts showed moderate to potent antioxidant activity,among which the root extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity with the IC_(50)value of 6.552μg/mL.Methanol extract of root possessed antioxidant activity near the range of vitamin E and thus could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidant.In case of antimicrobial screening,crude extracts of root,flower,leaf and stem showed notable antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms.The root extract showed the highest mean zone of inhibition ranging from 9.0-11.0 mm against tested microorganisms,at a concentration of 100 mg/mL.In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay,it was evident that the methanol root extract did not show significant toxicity.The LC_(50)value for 12 h and 24 h observation was 2.890 mg/mL and 1.417 mg/mL,respectively.Conclusions:The present finding suggests that the methanol root extract of L.aspera could be developed as pharmaceutical products.展开更多
Objective:The study was aimed al evaluating the antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera(EEAA) leaf.Methods:The anti-ulcer assays were performed on pylorus ligation and chronic ethanol induced ulc...Objective:The study was aimed al evaluating the antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera(EEAA) leaf.Methods:The anti-ulcer assays were performed on pylorus ligation and chronic ethanol induced ulcer model.The effects of the EEAA on gastric content volume,pH.free acidity,total acidity and ulcer index were evaluated.Results:The percentage of ulcer protection(59.55%and 35.58%) was significantly(P 【 0.001) higher in the groups treated with the high dose of EEAA(600 mg/kg),it also reduced the volume of gastric juice and total acidity whereas,gastric pH was increased signiGcandy.Conclusions:The results of this study show significant gastroprotective activity of EEAA may be due to presence of phyto-constituents like flavanoids,saponins and tannins.展开更多
Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants...Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants.Methods:Young shoots of A.aspera and A.bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water.Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl_2 solutions for I min.After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times,nodal segments were cut into smaller segments(1 cm)and used as the explants.The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)for direct regeneration.Results:Adventitious proliferation was obtained from A.aspera and A.bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency.MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootlets formation for A.aspera and(94.70±0.53)percentages for A.bidentata.Maximum number of shoots/explants(10.60±0.36)for A.aspera and(9.50±0.56)for A.bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP.For A.aspera,maximum mean length(5.50±0.34)of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A.bidentata(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same concentration.The highest percentage,maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 1BA.Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups.Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition.Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.Conclusions:The results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A.aspera and A.bidentata.The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can he easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.展开更多
研究、设计了一个基于HTTP Live Streaming视频流媒体技术的视频直播和点播的CDN系统,并在此基础上对其进行优化。目前,传统的CDN系统虽适用于目前国内大部分的网络环境,但在某些极端恶劣的环境条件下,比如无专线网络情况下的跨国数据传...研究、设计了一个基于HTTP Live Streaming视频流媒体技术的视频直播和点播的CDN系统,并在此基础上对其进行优化。目前,传统的CDN系统虽适用于目前国内大部分的网络环境,但在某些极端恶劣的环境条件下,比如无专线网络情况下的跨国数据传输,还是无法满足正常的业务需求。因此,该设计引入了Aspera-fasp传输技术,这是一项突破性的传输协议,能充分利用现有的WAN基础设施和通用硬件,让其为传统的CDN系统提供全球数据的快速传输。展开更多
Objective:To formulate silver nanocomposites from Achyranthes aspera leaf extracts and evaluate its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti.Methods:The silver nanocomposites were synthesized from Achyranthes aspera ...Objective:To formulate silver nanocomposites from Achyranthes aspera leaf extracts and evaluate its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti.Methods:The silver nanocomposites were synthesized from Achyranthes aspera leaf extracts.The process was optimized and traced through UV-visible and photon correlation spectroscopy.The larvicidal potential of silver nanocomposites of Achyranthes aspera leaf extracts was assessed against the early fourth instars of Aedes aegypti and three non-target organisms.Furthermore,the most effective and eco-safe nanocomposite was characterized by different biophysical techniques including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Results:The formulated silver nanocomposites exhibited efficient larvicidal efficacy against Aedes aegypti.Bioassay with silver nanocomposites formulated using different Ag NO3 concentrations(3,4,and 5 m M)revealed respective LC50 values of 37.570,6.262 and 1.041μg/m L;5.819,1.412 and 0.489μg/m L;and 5.519,1.302 and 0.267μg/m L after 24,48 and 72 h.The silver nanocomposites with 4 m M Ag NO3 were selected for characterization.SEM and TEM analysis revealed spherical,poly-dispersed structure with varied diameters of 1-25 nm.The XRD analysis established the crystalline and face-centred-cubic structure of silver nanocomposites with the maximum peak at a 2θvalue of 37.42°.The EDX pattern showed the presence of Ag,O and C in the nanocomposites in their order of weight%.The FT-IR displayed visibly distinct peaks in different ranges demonstrating the intricacy of silver nanocomposites.In addition,the lethal concentrations of silver nanocomposites of Achyranthes aspera leaf extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae were non-toxic to non-target organisms including Gambusia affinis,Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa.Conclusions:Silver nanocomposites synthesized with leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera provide a cost-effective and eco-safe alternative to conventional insecticides,and can be utilized as a potent mosquito nano-larvicide.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of whole Leucas aspera(Labiatae)(L.aspera)alcoholic extract.Methods:Whole L.aspera powder was extracted by absolute ethanol(99.50%).The eth...Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of whole Leucas aspera(Labiatae)(L.aspera)alcoholic extract.Methods:Whole L.aspera powder was extracted by absolute ethanol(99.50%).The ethanolic extract was subjected to antioxidant,antibacterial and brine shrimp lethality assay.Results:The extract showed potent radical scavenging effect(antioxidant)with IC_(50)value of(99.58±1.22)μg/mL which was significant(P<0.01)in comparison to ascorbic acid with IC_(50)value of(1.25±0.95)μg/mL.In case of antibacterial screening,the extract showed notable antibacterial effect against the tested microbial strains.Significant(P<0.05)zone of inhibitions against Gram positive Bacillus subtilis[(12.00±1.32)mm]and Bacillus megaterium[(13.00±1.50)mm],Staphylococcus aureus[(8.00±0.50)mm]and Gram negative Salmonella typhi[(6.00±0.50)mm],Salmonella paratyphi[(8.00±1.00)mm],Shigella dysenteriae[(9.00±1.32)mm]and Vibrio cholerae[(9.00±0.66)mm]was observed.In brine shrimp lethality bioassay,the extract showed the LC_(50)value as(181.68±2.15)μg/mL which was statistically significant(P<0.01)compared to positive control vincristine sulfate[LC_(50)=(0.76±0.04)μg/mL].Conclusions:The results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of L.aspera could be used as antibacterial,pesticidal and various pharmacologic actives.展开更多
[Objectives] To determine the content of oleanolic acid in 10 batches of Achyranthes aspera L. from different production areas,and to establish a high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method for the determinat...[Objectives] To determine the content of oleanolic acid in 10 batches of Achyranthes aspera L. from different production areas,and to establish a high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method for the determination of oleanolic acid in A. aspera. [Methods]Agilent C18 liquid chromatography column( 250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile∶ water = 61∶ 39 as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 210 nm,and the column temperature was 35℃. [Results] The oleanolic acid injection volume showed a good linear relationship with the peak area in the range of 0. 382-7. 640 μg. The linear equation of oleanolic acid was: A = 530. 76 C,R = 1. 000 0; the range of sample recovery rate was 96. 03%-102. 73%,and the RSD value was 2. 16%( n =9). The content of the oleanolic acid was the highest in A. aspera produced in Guilin City of Guangxi( 0. 92%),and the lowest oleanolic acid content was in sample of Sitang in Nanning City of Guangxi( 0. 27%). It is recommended that the oleanolic acid content of A. aspera should not be lower than 0. 20%. [Conclusions]The HPLC method is accurate,reliable,easy to operate,and has good resolution. It is suitable for the determination of the content of oleic acid in A. aspera. It can provide reference for the quality control and standard drafting of A. aspera.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of hydro-ethanolic extraet of Stephania hernandifolia leaves and Aehyranthes aspera roots in composite manner at the ratio of 1：3 on testicular activity in male rats. Methods Rat...Objective To investigate the effect of hydro-ethanolic extraet of Stephania hernandifolia leaves and Aehyranthes aspera roots in composite manner at the ratio of 1：3 on testicular activity in male rats. Methods Rats were divided into 4 groups with 8 animals in each group. The control （group A） received 0. 5 ml of olive oil/100 g body weight orally, other three groups were treated with said extract orally at a dose of 0.4 mg/g （group B） or 0.8 mg/g （group C） or 1.6 mg/g body weight （group D） respectively for 28 d. On 29th day of experiment, the animals were sacrificed. Sperm concentrations in cauda epididymis and biochemical markers like testicular cholesterol, androgenic key enzyme activity, plasma testosterone level seminal fructose level, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase （GOT） and glutamate pyruvate transaminase （GPT） activities and serum triglyceride levels were measured following standard methods. ResuIts Extract treated animals in all doses resulted in a significant （P〈O. 05）decrease in sperm concentration, testicular androgenic key enzyme activity, plasma testosterone and seminal vesicle fructose levels along with an increase in testieular cholesterol level Animals treated at a dose of O. 8 mg/g body weight showed more promising result without causing any metabolic toxicity compared with other doses. Histological study also supported the biochemical results. The minimum but most effective dose i.e. 0.8 mg/g body weight had an inhibitory effect on implantation focused here by mating experiment.Conclusion The composite efficacy as male contraceptive extract of S. hernandifolia and A. aspera has a potent that may provide clues to the pharmaceutical industries for male contraceptive development展开更多
Approximately,14 million cancer cases are seen annually,and cancer accounts for 20%of all deaths in the world.However,the incidence of cancer is increasing every year.The fact that the survival rate in cancer is not a...Approximately,14 million cancer cases are seen annually,and cancer accounts for 20%of all deaths in the world.However,the incidence of cancer is increasing every year.The fact that the survival rate in cancer is not at the desired level makes cancer a pathology with a high mortality rate.Scientists conduct intensive research on strategic issues such as new diagnostic methods,identification of new candidate drug molecules,and detection of molecules or molecular pathways that may be targeted for new drugs.In this study;The cytotoxic activity and apoptotic mechanism were investigated root extracts of Smilax aspera L.,whose roots are edible.This study,cytotoxicity of S.aspera root extracts on MDA-MB-231,A549 and OVCAR3 cell lines by MTT method and apoptotic activity on OVCAR3 cell line by double staining and gene expression levels were determined for the first time.As a result of the study,S.aspera root extracts showed a significant cytotoxic effect on three cell lines at different rates.In addition,it suppressed the BCL2 gene,which has an important role in the prevention of apoptosis,and it was determined to have an apoptosis-inducing effect.In this respect,it is seen that S.aspera is a strategically important plant that can be used in cancer treatment.展开更多
The junction of nanotechnology and biomedical sciences unfasten the possibility for a wide range of biological research topics and medical uses at the molecular and cellular level.In the present study silver nanoparti...The junction of nanotechnology and biomedical sciences unfasten the possibility for a wide range of biological research topics and medical uses at the molecular and cellular level.In the present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using Leucas aspera leaf extract support of biological process.The extract incubated with 1mM AgNO3 solution showed gradual change in the color of the extract from greenish to reddish brown.Reduction of silver ions by the leaf extract was examined by UV-visible spectroscopic technique.Further,it was confirmed by Fourier Transformations Infrared spectroscopic(FTIR)analysis.The purity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was examined through X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)analysis.The nanoparticles were examined for the antibacterial activities of antibiotic(Tetracycline),silver nanoparticles and the combined effect of both antibiotic and nanoparticles against the multi drug resistant human pathogens.展开更多
Background:Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is a wide spread disease in most parts of Ethiopian highlands.Snail control is one major strategy in schistosomiasis control.The use of molluscicidal...Background:Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is a wide spread disease in most parts of Ethiopian highlands.Snail control is one major strategy in schistosomiasis control.The use of molluscicidal plant products is becoming interesting due to their environmental friendliness,accessibility and easy application.This research is aimed to evaluate the molluscicidal effect of Achyranthes aspera on Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Lymnaea natalensis snails,which are of great medical and veterinary importance in Ethiopia.Methods:Adult B.pfeifferi snails were exposed to the various concentrations of A.aspera aqueous leaf extract for 24,48 and 72 h.Similarly,adult L.natalensis snails were exposed to the extract for 24 h.Mortality data were analyzed using probit regression model.Phytochemical content of the plant was analyzed using standard screening methods.Results:The plant’s molluscicidal effect on the two snail species was demonstrated.The 24 h LC50 and LC90 values against L.natalensis were 69.5 and 93.9 ppm respectively.In the 24,48 and 72 h exposure of B.pfeifferi,the LC50 values were 72.4,69.9,64.7 ppm and the LC90 were 96.5,93.8,92.8 ppm,respectively.The phytochemical screening tests indicated presence of saponins.Conclusion:From the findings of this study,A.aspera has a molluscicidal potential.The result provides a useful foundation for further in-depth studies to ensure its wider applicability in different water bodies and evaluate its toxic effects on non-target species.展开更多
目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)结合多元统计分析技术的分析方法,比较不同品种牛膝的化学成分差异。方...目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)结合多元统计分析技术的分析方法,比较不同品种牛膝的化学成分差异。方法基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术对怀牛膝Achyranthes bidentata、川牛膝Cyathula officinalis、红牛膝Cyathula capitata和土牛膝Achyranthes aspera的化学成分进行分析与鉴别,并运用多元统计分析筛选不同品种牛膝的差异性成分。结果共初步指认出230种化学成分,其中皂苷类81种、生物碱类26种、甾酮类12种、有机酸类75种、木脂素类19种和黄酮类17种。根据变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP)值>1,t检验(P<0.05)从4种牛膝中共筛选出25个化学标志物。其中,竹节参皂苷、牛膝皂苷在怀牛膝中占比居多;竹节参皂苷IVa在红牛膝中的占比最高;甾醇、黄酮醇、有机酸和糖苷类成分在川牛膝中的占比最高;齐墩果烷型皂苷和酪胺类生物碱类成分则在安徽土牛膝中占比最多。结论该方法快速、全面地对牛膝植物资源的成分进行系统分析,为牛膝的品种分类鉴别和资源开发利用提供了基础。展开更多
基金Supported by Islamic University.Kushtia-7003.Bangladesh(Grant No.IUBT-1108)
文摘Objective:To study callus induction from different explants(internode,leaf,root)and in vitro plantlets propagation from medicinally important plant Achyranthes aspera L.Methods:Sterilized explants were prepared by uning 0.1%HgCl_2 and 0.5%Bavistin and callus was obtained when cultured onto Murashige Skoog's(MS)medium by using different concentrations and combination of 2,4-D.NAA.BAP,IAA,IBA with 3%sucrose and 0.8%agar.Induced callus was immediately transferred to MS medium containing at different concentrations of phytohormones for shootlets and rootlets induction respectively.Results:Sterilization treatment of 0.1%HgCl_2.for 2-3 min and Bavistin 0.5%for 10-12 min showed the highest percentage of asepsis and survival rate.Maximum induction of callus was obtained from a combination of 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA from leaf.Highest shootlets number(4.83±0.l7)and length(3.8±0.16)cm were observed on full strength MS medium when fortified with BAP 4.0 mg/L and KIN 0.5 mg/L.Concerted efforts of BAP 10 mg/L and NAA 0.5 mg/L on full strength MS medium showed highest leaf number(6.77±0.94).In vitro raised shoots were allowed to root on different strengths of MS medium fortified with IAA and IBA at different concentrations.Experimentally,3.0 mg/L IBA was enabled to induce maximum rootlets number(10.0±9.82)on full strength MS medium.Afterwards,regenerated shoots with well developed roots were successfully subjected to hardening process and were acclimatized.The survived plantlets showed 66.67%survival frequency without any morphological abnormality.Conclusions:The results demonstrated that different explants were good source of callus induction,morphology analysis as well as indirect plantlets regeneration.
基金financially supported by Higher Institution Centerof Excellence(HICoE)of the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(grant No.311/CIPPM/440105)
文摘Objective:To evaluate antioxidant,antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of different parts(root, flower,leaf and stem)of Leucas aspera(L.aspera)(Labiatae).Methods:Different parts of L.aspera were extracted with 80%(v/v)methanol.The methanol extracts were subjected to antioxidant, antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay.Results:All the extracts showed moderate to potent antioxidant activity,among which the root extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity with the IC_(50)value of 6.552μg/mL.Methanol extract of root possessed antioxidant activity near the range of vitamin E and thus could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidant.In case of antimicrobial screening,crude extracts of root,flower,leaf and stem showed notable antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms.The root extract showed the highest mean zone of inhibition ranging from 9.0-11.0 mm against tested microorganisms,at a concentration of 100 mg/mL.In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay,it was evident that the methanol root extract did not show significant toxicity.The LC_(50)value for 12 h and 24 h observation was 2.890 mg/mL and 1.417 mg/mL,respectively.Conclusions:The present finding suggests that the methanol root extract of L.aspera could be developed as pharmaceutical products.
文摘Objective:The study was aimed al evaluating the antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera(EEAA) leaf.Methods:The anti-ulcer assays were performed on pylorus ligation and chronic ethanol induced ulcer model.The effects of the EEAA on gastric content volume,pH.free acidity,total acidity and ulcer index were evaluated.Results:The percentage of ulcer protection(59.55%and 35.58%) was significantly(P 【 0.001) higher in the groups treated with the high dose of EEAA(600 mg/kg),it also reduced the volume of gastric juice and total acidity whereas,gastric pH was increased signiGcandy.Conclusions:The results of this study show significant gastroprotective activity of EEAA may be due to presence of phyto-constituents like flavanoids,saponins and tannins.
文摘Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants.Methods:Young shoots of A.aspera and A.bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water.Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl_2 solutions for I min.After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times,nodal segments were cut into smaller segments(1 cm)and used as the explants.The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)for direct regeneration.Results:Adventitious proliferation was obtained from A.aspera and A.bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency.MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootlets formation for A.aspera and(94.70±0.53)percentages for A.bidentata.Maximum number of shoots/explants(10.60±0.36)for A.aspera and(9.50±0.56)for A.bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP.For A.aspera,maximum mean length(5.50±0.34)of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A.bidentata(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same concentration.The highest percentage,maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 1BA.Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups.Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition.Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.Conclusions:The results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A.aspera and A.bidentata.The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can he easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.
文摘研究、设计了一个基于HTTP Live Streaming视频流媒体技术的视频直播和点播的CDN系统,并在此基础上对其进行优化。目前,传统的CDN系统虽适用于目前国内大部分的网络环境,但在某些极端恶劣的环境条件下,比如无专线网络情况下的跨国数据传输,还是无法满足正常的业务需求。因此,该设计引入了Aspera-fasp传输技术,这是一项突破性的传输协议,能充分利用现有的WAN基础设施和通用硬件,让其为传统的CDN系统提供全球数据的快速传输。
基金partly supported by the research grant from University Grant Commission,New Delhi(Award No.53583)partly from research contingency from Acharya Narendra Dev College,New Delhi.
文摘Objective:To formulate silver nanocomposites from Achyranthes aspera leaf extracts and evaluate its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti.Methods:The silver nanocomposites were synthesized from Achyranthes aspera leaf extracts.The process was optimized and traced through UV-visible and photon correlation spectroscopy.The larvicidal potential of silver nanocomposites of Achyranthes aspera leaf extracts was assessed against the early fourth instars of Aedes aegypti and three non-target organisms.Furthermore,the most effective and eco-safe nanocomposite was characterized by different biophysical techniques including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Results:The formulated silver nanocomposites exhibited efficient larvicidal efficacy against Aedes aegypti.Bioassay with silver nanocomposites formulated using different Ag NO3 concentrations(3,4,and 5 m M)revealed respective LC50 values of 37.570,6.262 and 1.041μg/m L;5.819,1.412 and 0.489μg/m L;and 5.519,1.302 and 0.267μg/m L after 24,48 and 72 h.The silver nanocomposites with 4 m M Ag NO3 were selected for characterization.SEM and TEM analysis revealed spherical,poly-dispersed structure with varied diameters of 1-25 nm.The XRD analysis established the crystalline and face-centred-cubic structure of silver nanocomposites with the maximum peak at a 2θvalue of 37.42°.The EDX pattern showed the presence of Ag,O and C in the nanocomposites in their order of weight%.The FT-IR displayed visibly distinct peaks in different ranges demonstrating the intricacy of silver nanocomposites.In addition,the lethal concentrations of silver nanocomposites of Achyranthes aspera leaf extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae were non-toxic to non-target organisms including Gambusia affinis,Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa.Conclusions:Silver nanocomposites synthesized with leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera provide a cost-effective and eco-safe alternative to conventional insecticides,and can be utilized as a potent mosquito nano-larvicide.
基金Supported by Chittagong University Research Cell(Ref No.5194/Res/Dir/CU/2011)
文摘Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of whole Leucas aspera(Labiatae)(L.aspera)alcoholic extract.Methods:Whole L.aspera powder was extracted by absolute ethanol(99.50%).The ethanolic extract was subjected to antioxidant,antibacterial and brine shrimp lethality assay.Results:The extract showed potent radical scavenging effect(antioxidant)with IC_(50)value of(99.58±1.22)μg/mL which was significant(P<0.01)in comparison to ascorbic acid with IC_(50)value of(1.25±0.95)μg/mL.In case of antibacterial screening,the extract showed notable antibacterial effect against the tested microbial strains.Significant(P<0.05)zone of inhibitions against Gram positive Bacillus subtilis[(12.00±1.32)mm]and Bacillus megaterium[(13.00±1.50)mm],Staphylococcus aureus[(8.00±0.50)mm]and Gram negative Salmonella typhi[(6.00±0.50)mm],Salmonella paratyphi[(8.00±1.00)mm],Shigella dysenteriae[(9.00±1.32)mm]and Vibrio cholerae[(9.00±0.66)mm]was observed.In brine shrimp lethality bioassay,the extract showed the LC_(50)value as(181.68±2.15)μg/mL which was statistically significant(P<0.01)compared to positive control vincristine sulfate[LC_(50)=(0.76±0.04)μg/mL].Conclusions:The results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of L.aspera could be used as antibacterial,pesticidal and various pharmacologic actives.
基金Supported by Special Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology for Health Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GZBZ14-09)China-ASEAN Traditional Medicine Development Research Center
文摘[Objectives] To determine the content of oleanolic acid in 10 batches of Achyranthes aspera L. from different production areas,and to establish a high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method for the determination of oleanolic acid in A. aspera. [Methods]Agilent C18 liquid chromatography column( 250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile∶ water = 61∶ 39 as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 210 nm,and the column temperature was 35℃. [Results] The oleanolic acid injection volume showed a good linear relationship with the peak area in the range of 0. 382-7. 640 μg. The linear equation of oleanolic acid was: A = 530. 76 C,R = 1. 000 0; the range of sample recovery rate was 96. 03%-102. 73%,and the RSD value was 2. 16%( n =9). The content of the oleanolic acid was the highest in A. aspera produced in Guilin City of Guangxi( 0. 92%),and the lowest oleanolic acid content was in sample of Sitang in Nanning City of Guangxi( 0. 27%). It is recommended that the oleanolic acid content of A. aspera should not be lower than 0. 20%. [Conclusions]The HPLC method is accurate,reliable,easy to operate,and has good resolution. It is suitable for the determination of the content of oleic acid in A. aspera. It can provide reference for the quality control and standard drafting of A. aspera.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of hydro-ethanolic extraet of Stephania hernandifolia leaves and Aehyranthes aspera roots in composite manner at the ratio of 1：3 on testicular activity in male rats. Methods Rats were divided into 4 groups with 8 animals in each group. The control （group A） received 0. 5 ml of olive oil/100 g body weight orally, other three groups were treated with said extract orally at a dose of 0.4 mg/g （group B） or 0.8 mg/g （group C） or 1.6 mg/g body weight （group D） respectively for 28 d. On 29th day of experiment, the animals were sacrificed. Sperm concentrations in cauda epididymis and biochemical markers like testicular cholesterol, androgenic key enzyme activity, plasma testosterone level seminal fructose level, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase （GOT） and glutamate pyruvate transaminase （GPT） activities and serum triglyceride levels were measured following standard methods. ResuIts Extract treated animals in all doses resulted in a significant （P〈O. 05）decrease in sperm concentration, testicular androgenic key enzyme activity, plasma testosterone and seminal vesicle fructose levels along with an increase in testieular cholesterol level Animals treated at a dose of O. 8 mg/g body weight showed more promising result without causing any metabolic toxicity compared with other doses. Histological study also supported the biochemical results. The minimum but most effective dose i.e. 0.8 mg/g body weight had an inhibitory effect on implantation focused here by mating experiment.Conclusion The composite efficacy as male contraceptive extract of S. hernandifolia and A. aspera has a potent that may provide clues to the pharmaceutical industries for male contraceptive development
基金This study was financed by THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF TURKEY(TUBITAK)as project number 1919B012000611.Contributing to the laboratory environment for this study,Fırat University Faculty of Medicine Department of Parasitology Professor Dr.Thanks to Mustafa KAPLAN.
文摘Approximately,14 million cancer cases are seen annually,and cancer accounts for 20%of all deaths in the world.However,the incidence of cancer is increasing every year.The fact that the survival rate in cancer is not at the desired level makes cancer a pathology with a high mortality rate.Scientists conduct intensive research on strategic issues such as new diagnostic methods,identification of new candidate drug molecules,and detection of molecules or molecular pathways that may be targeted for new drugs.In this study;The cytotoxic activity and apoptotic mechanism were investigated root extracts of Smilax aspera L.,whose roots are edible.This study,cytotoxicity of S.aspera root extracts on MDA-MB-231,A549 and OVCAR3 cell lines by MTT method and apoptotic activity on OVCAR3 cell line by double staining and gene expression levels were determined for the first time.As a result of the study,S.aspera root extracts showed a significant cytotoxic effect on three cell lines at different rates.In addition,it suppressed the BCL2 gene,which has an important role in the prevention of apoptosis,and it was determined to have an apoptosis-inducing effect.In this respect,it is seen that S.aspera is a strategically important plant that can be used in cancer treatment.
文摘The junction of nanotechnology and biomedical sciences unfasten the possibility for a wide range of biological research topics and medical uses at the molecular and cellular level.In the present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using Leucas aspera leaf extract support of biological process.The extract incubated with 1mM AgNO3 solution showed gradual change in the color of the extract from greenish to reddish brown.Reduction of silver ions by the leaf extract was examined by UV-visible spectroscopic technique.Further,it was confirmed by Fourier Transformations Infrared spectroscopic(FTIR)analysis.The purity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was examined through X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)analysis.The nanoparticles were examined for the antibacterial activities of antibiotic(Tetracycline),silver nanoparticles and the combined effect of both antibiotic and nanoparticles against the multi drug resistant human pathogens.
基金Jimma University and Dilla University,Ethiopia,have done financial supports for the study.
文摘Background:Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is a wide spread disease in most parts of Ethiopian highlands.Snail control is one major strategy in schistosomiasis control.The use of molluscicidal plant products is becoming interesting due to their environmental friendliness,accessibility and easy application.This research is aimed to evaluate the molluscicidal effect of Achyranthes aspera on Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Lymnaea natalensis snails,which are of great medical and veterinary importance in Ethiopia.Methods:Adult B.pfeifferi snails were exposed to the various concentrations of A.aspera aqueous leaf extract for 24,48 and 72 h.Similarly,adult L.natalensis snails were exposed to the extract for 24 h.Mortality data were analyzed using probit regression model.Phytochemical content of the plant was analyzed using standard screening methods.Results:The plant’s molluscicidal effect on the two snail species was demonstrated.The 24 h LC50 and LC90 values against L.natalensis were 69.5 and 93.9 ppm respectively.In the 24,48 and 72 h exposure of B.pfeifferi,the LC50 values were 72.4,69.9,64.7 ppm and the LC90 were 96.5,93.8,92.8 ppm,respectively.The phytochemical screening tests indicated presence of saponins.Conclusion:From the findings of this study,A.aspera has a molluscicidal potential.The result provides a useful foundation for further in-depth studies to ensure its wider applicability in different water bodies and evaluate its toxic effects on non-target species.
文摘目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)结合多元统计分析技术的分析方法,比较不同品种牛膝的化学成分差异。方法基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术对怀牛膝Achyranthes bidentata、川牛膝Cyathula officinalis、红牛膝Cyathula capitata和土牛膝Achyranthes aspera的化学成分进行分析与鉴别,并运用多元统计分析筛选不同品种牛膝的差异性成分。结果共初步指认出230种化学成分,其中皂苷类81种、生物碱类26种、甾酮类12种、有机酸类75种、木脂素类19种和黄酮类17种。根据变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP)值>1,t检验(P<0.05)从4种牛膝中共筛选出25个化学标志物。其中,竹节参皂苷、牛膝皂苷在怀牛膝中占比居多;竹节参皂苷IVa在红牛膝中的占比最高;甾醇、黄酮醇、有机酸和糖苷类成分在川牛膝中的占比最高;齐墩果烷型皂苷和酪胺类生物碱类成分则在安徽土牛膝中占比最多。结论该方法快速、全面地对牛膝植物资源的成分进行系统分析,为牛膝的品种分类鉴别和资源开发利用提供了基础。
