Sinus floor elevation with a lateral window approach requires bone graft(BG)to ensure sufficient bone mass,and it is necessary to measure and analyse the BG region for follow-up of postoperative patients.However,the B...Sinus floor elevation with a lateral window approach requires bone graft(BG)to ensure sufficient bone mass,and it is necessary to measure and analyse the BG region for follow-up of postoperative patients.However,the BG region from cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)images is connected to the margin of the maxillary sinus,and its boundary is blurred.Common segmentation methods are usually performed manually by experienced doctors,and are complicated by challenges such as low efficiency and low precision.In this study,an auto-segmentation approach was applied to the BG region within the maxillary sinus based on an atrous spatial pyramid convolution(ASPC)network.The ASPC module was adopted using residual connections to compose multiple atrous convolutions,which could extract more features on multiple scales.Subsequently,a segmentation network of the BG region with multiple ASPC modules was established,which effectively improved the segmentation performance.Although the training data were insufficient,our networks still achieved good auto-segmentation results,with a dice coefficient(Dice)of 87.13%,an Intersection over Union(Iou)of 78.01%,and a sensitivity of 95.02%.Compared with other methods,our method achieved a better segmentation effect,and effectively reduced the misjudgement of segmentation.Our method can thus be used to implement automatic segmentation of the BG region and improve doctors’work efficiency,which is of great importance for developing preliminary studies on the measurement of postoperative BG within the maxillary sinus.展开更多
White adipose tissue(WAT)is a highly plastic organ that plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy metabolism.Adipose stem and progenitor cells(ASPCs)are essential components of the stromal vascular fraction...White adipose tissue(WAT)is a highly plastic organ that plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy metabolism.Adipose stem and progenitor cells(ASPCs)are essential components of the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)of adipose tissue.They give rise to mature adipocytes and play a critical role in maintaining adipose tissue function.However,the molecular heterogeneity and functional diversity of ASPCs are still poorly understood.Recently,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis has identified distinct subtypes of ASPCs in murine and human adipose tissues,providing new insights into the cellular complexity of ASPCs among multiple fat depots.This review summarizes the current knowledge on ASPC populations,including their markers,functions,and regulatory mechanisms.Targeting one or several of these cell populations may ameliorate metabolic disorders by promoting adaptive hyperplastic adipose growth.展开更多
Adipose tissue is a heterogeneous,dynamic,and metabolically active tissue that orchestrates systematic metabolic homeostasis by regulating thermogenesis,immune responses,and endocrine signaling[1–4].Adipose tissue is...Adipose tissue is a heterogeneous,dynamic,and metabolically active tissue that orchestrates systematic metabolic homeostasis by regulating thermogenesis,immune responses,and endocrine signaling[1–4].Adipose tissue is a multicellular tissue with multiple cell types,including mature adipocytes,adipogenic stem and progenitor cells(ASPCs),immune cells,endothelial cells,and Schwann cells[5].Dysregulation in adipose tissue is associated with a broad spectrum of metabolic disorders,such as obesity,type 2 diabetes,and cardiovascular disease[6,7].A comprehensive characterization of the cellular composition and functional states of adipose tissue is therefore essential for advancing the understanding of the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases.The advent of single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic(single-cell RNA sequencing[scRNA-seq]and single-nucleus RNA sequencing[snRNA-seq])technologies has provided unprecedented resolution to tackle this challenge.展开更多
Dear Editor,Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)are membranous nanovesicles involved in intercellular,communication that carry distinct cellderived molecular cargo.1 We previously characterised sEVs from human non-malig...Dear Editor,Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)are membranous nanovesicles involved in intercellular,communication that carry distinct cellderived molecular cargo.1 We previously characterised sEVs from human non-malignant pancreatic duct cells(HPDE,hTERT-HPNE)and from PDAC cells(AsPC-1,BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2)2 and identified protein cargo-specific to cancer-associated sEVs?Among the proteins uniquely expressed in cancer sEVs but not in those from non-malignant cells,we focused on SLC5A3,also known as SMIT1(sodium-coupled Myo-inositol transporter-1).展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB1302900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81971709,M-0019,and 82011530141)+2 种基金the Foundation of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.19510712200,and 20490740700)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Foundation on Medical and Technological Joint Science Research(Nos.ZH2018ZDA15,YG2019ZDA06,and ZH2018QNA23)the 2020 Key Research Project of Xiamen Municipal Government(No.3502Z20201030)。
文摘Sinus floor elevation with a lateral window approach requires bone graft(BG)to ensure sufficient bone mass,and it is necessary to measure and analyse the BG region for follow-up of postoperative patients.However,the BG region from cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)images is connected to the margin of the maxillary sinus,and its boundary is blurred.Common segmentation methods are usually performed manually by experienced doctors,and are complicated by challenges such as low efficiency and low precision.In this study,an auto-segmentation approach was applied to the BG region within the maxillary sinus based on an atrous spatial pyramid convolution(ASPC)network.The ASPC module was adopted using residual connections to compose multiple atrous convolutions,which could extract more features on multiple scales.Subsequently,a segmentation network of the BG region with multiple ASPC modules was established,which effectively improved the segmentation performance.Although the training data were insufficient,our networks still achieved good auto-segmentation results,with a dice coefficient(Dice)of 87.13%,an Intersection over Union(Iou)of 78.01%,and a sensitivity of 95.02%.Compared with other methods,our method achieved a better segmentation effect,and effectively reduced the misjudgement of segmentation.Our method can thus be used to implement automatic segmentation of the BG region and improve doctors’work efficiency,which is of great importance for developing preliminary studies on the measurement of postoperative BG within the maxillary sinus.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0803604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770868, 91742103, 82130024 and 82170866)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2020RC4009)the Project of Innovation-Driven Plan of Central South University (2020CX015)
文摘White adipose tissue(WAT)is a highly plastic organ that plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy metabolism.Adipose stem and progenitor cells(ASPCs)are essential components of the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)of adipose tissue.They give rise to mature adipocytes and play a critical role in maintaining adipose tissue function.However,the molecular heterogeneity and functional diversity of ASPCs are still poorly understood.Recently,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis has identified distinct subtypes of ASPCs in murine and human adipose tissues,providing new insights into the cellular complexity of ASPCs among multiple fat depots.This review summarizes the current knowledge on ASPC populations,including their markers,functions,and regulatory mechanisms.Targeting one or several of these cell populations may ameliorate metabolic disorders by promoting adaptive hyperplastic adipose growth.
文摘Adipose tissue is a heterogeneous,dynamic,and metabolically active tissue that orchestrates systematic metabolic homeostasis by regulating thermogenesis,immune responses,and endocrine signaling[1–4].Adipose tissue is a multicellular tissue with multiple cell types,including mature adipocytes,adipogenic stem and progenitor cells(ASPCs),immune cells,endothelial cells,and Schwann cells[5].Dysregulation in adipose tissue is associated with a broad spectrum of metabolic disorders,such as obesity,type 2 diabetes,and cardiovascular disease[6,7].A comprehensive characterization of the cellular composition and functional states of adipose tissue is therefore essential for advancing the understanding of the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases.The advent of single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic(single-cell RNA sequencing[scRNA-seq]and single-nucleus RNA sequencing[snRNA-seq])technologies has provided unprecedented resolution to tackle this challenge.
基金supported by National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC,MRF2015523,APP1141946)Helen Amelia Hains Fellowship(D.W.G.)and Department of Defense(PR230065)supported by the Snow Medical Research Fellowship,NHMRC Investigator 2027300 and Philip Hemstritch Fellowship.
文摘Dear Editor,Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)are membranous nanovesicles involved in intercellular,communication that carry distinct cellderived molecular cargo.1 We previously characterised sEVs from human non-malignant pancreatic duct cells(HPDE,hTERT-HPNE)and from PDAC cells(AsPC-1,BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2)2 and identified protein cargo-specific to cancer-associated sEVs?Among the proteins uniquely expressed in cancer sEVs but not in those from non-malignant cells,we focused on SLC5A3,also known as SMIT1(sodium-coupled Myo-inositol transporter-1).
