Objective： Laser capture microdisection has become indispensable to the analysis of the difference of gene expression between human bladder transitional cell and bladder transitional cell carcinoma （BTCC）. However,...Objective： Laser capture microdisection has become indispensable to the analysis of the difference of gene expression between human bladder transitional cell and bladder transitional cell carcinoma （BTCC）. However, to obtain sufficient RNA from laser-capture microdissected cells is quite difficult. The study was designed to determinc a feasible technical routine to isolate transitional cells from bladder membrane, separate carcinoma cclls from stromal cells and to amplify the RNA isolated from laser-capture microdissected cells. Methods： Bladder transitional cell were obtained from frozen sections of bladder membrane applying LCM, by the same token, BTCC cells from frozen sections of BTCC tissue. Then RNA was extracted and linearly amplified in vitro. The expression levels of β-actin in primary total RNA and amplified RNA were detected using RT-PCR. Results： That RNA integrity was good after LCM was confirmed by control experiment Ⅰ; By control experiment Ⅱ, the correlation between the number of LCM-shooting and RNA quantity undcr arranged conditions was preliminarily confirmed. About 0.5-2.5kb RNA fragments were obtained after RNA amplification and β-actin levels were integral. Conclusion： Laser capture microdissection combined with RNA linear amplification in vitro can be successfully applied to obtain pure objective cells for research. The integrity of the amplified RNA is good and can be employed in further research.展开更多
In this paper,we design a spatial modulation based orthogonal time frequency space(SMOTFS)system to achieve improved transmission reliability and meet the high transmission rate and highspeed demands of future mobile ...In this paper,we design a spatial modulation based orthogonal time frequency space(SMOTFS)system to achieve improved transmission reliability and meet the high transmission rate and highspeed demands of future mobile communications,which fully utilizes the characteristics of spatial modulation(SM)and orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)transmission.The detailed system design and signal processing of the SM-OTFS system have been presented.The closed-form expressions of the average symbol error rate(ASER)and average bit error rate(ABER)of the SM-OTFS system have been derived over the delay-Doppler channel with the help of the union bounding technique and moment-generating function(MGF).Meanwhile,the system complexity has been evaluated.Numerical results verify the correctness of the theoretical ASER and ABER analysis of the SM-OTFS system in the high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)regions and also show that the SM-OTFS system outperforms the traditional SM based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(SM-OFDM)system with limited complexity increase under mobile conditions,especially in high mobility scenarios.展开更多
文摘Objective： Laser capture microdisection has become indispensable to the analysis of the difference of gene expression between human bladder transitional cell and bladder transitional cell carcinoma （BTCC）. However, to obtain sufficient RNA from laser-capture microdissected cells is quite difficult. The study was designed to determinc a feasible technical routine to isolate transitional cells from bladder membrane, separate carcinoma cclls from stromal cells and to amplify the RNA isolated from laser-capture microdissected cells. Methods： Bladder transitional cell were obtained from frozen sections of bladder membrane applying LCM, by the same token, BTCC cells from frozen sections of BTCC tissue. Then RNA was extracted and linearly amplified in vitro. The expression levels of β-actin in primary total RNA and amplified RNA were detected using RT-PCR. Results： That RNA integrity was good after LCM was confirmed by control experiment Ⅰ; By control experiment Ⅱ, the correlation between the number of LCM-shooting and RNA quantity undcr arranged conditions was preliminarily confirmed. About 0.5-2.5kb RNA fragments were obtained after RNA amplification and β-actin levels were integral. Conclusion： Laser capture microdissection combined with RNA linear amplification in vitro can be successfully applied to obtain pure objective cells for research. The integrity of the amplified RNA is good and can be employed in further research.
基金in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61771291,Grant 61671278in part by the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province under Grant 2018GGX101009,Grant 2019TSLH0202,Grant 2020CXGC010109+1 种基金in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scholars under Grant 61622111in part by the Project of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC under Grant 61860206005.
文摘In this paper,we design a spatial modulation based orthogonal time frequency space(SMOTFS)system to achieve improved transmission reliability and meet the high transmission rate and highspeed demands of future mobile communications,which fully utilizes the characteristics of spatial modulation(SM)and orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)transmission.The detailed system design and signal processing of the SM-OTFS system have been presented.The closed-form expressions of the average symbol error rate(ASER)and average bit error rate(ABER)of the SM-OTFS system have been derived over the delay-Doppler channel with the help of the union bounding technique and moment-generating function(MGF).Meanwhile,the system complexity has been evaluated.Numerical results verify the correctness of the theoretical ASER and ABER analysis of the SM-OTFS system in the high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)regions and also show that the SM-OTFS system outperforms the traditional SM based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(SM-OFDM)system with limited complexity increase under mobile conditions,especially in high mobility scenarios.
