BACKGROUND ChatGPT was developed in November 2022 with studies showing its impressive performance in academic examinations,serving as a promising tool to answer questions even on controversial topics.Artificial intell...BACKGROUND ChatGPT was developed in November 2022 with studies showing its impressive performance in academic examinations,serving as a promising tool to answer questions even on controversial topics.Artificial intelligence(AI)achieving surface-level performance does not necessarily equate to a deep understanding of human cognition.The development of artificial wisdom,therefore,necessitates a shift from simply mimicking intelligent behavior to modeling the underlying mechanisms of human wisdom,including emotional understanding,ethical considerations,and contextual awareness.Several theories exist behind the death of Alexander the Great,but no definitive conclusion has been made.AIM To evaluate whether a hybrid approach,combining generative AI(ChatGPT)with human clinical judgment,can meaningfully reassess the cause of death of Alexander the Great.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using ChatGPT(version 4 Pro).A search was performed with search terms describing the symptoms experienced by Alexander the Great and possible causes of his death:West Nile virus(WNV)encephalitis,poisoning,acute pancreatitis due to excessive alcohol consumption,typhoid fever,and malaria.The historical data and symptomatology were analyzed,weighing evidence and context in a manner akin to human wisdom.RESULTS The most likely cause of death of Alexander the Great,as generated by ChatGPT,was typhoid fever complicated by Guillain-Barrésyndrome(GBS).The hypothesis was based on the alignment between Alexander’s reported symptoms,such as prolonged high fever,severe abdominal pain,neurological decline,and the known clinical presentation of typhoid fever.However,after carefully reviewing the sources mentioned by ChatGPT,many did not back up the idea that typhoid caused GBS and instead pointed to Campylobacter jejuni as the more likely trigger.Other possible causes of death suggested by ChatGPT including acute pancreatitis from excessive alcohol consumption,infectious causes(WNV encephalitis,malaria),and poisoning were less likely.CONCLUSION While ChatGPT initially concluded typhoid fever with GBS as the most plausible cause of death,expert reappraisal of the sources and pathophysiology suggested that C.jejuni-associated GBS was more likely.This study exemplifies how incorporating AI’s pattern recognition with human scrutiny can yield responsible interpretations of historical records.展开更多
A powerful platform of digital brain is proposed using crowd wisdom for brain research,based on the computational artificial intelligence model of synthesis reasoning and multi-source analogical generating.The design ...A powerful platform of digital brain is proposed using crowd wisdom for brain research,based on the computational artificial intelligence model of synthesis reasoning and multi-source analogical generating.The design of the platform aims to make it a comprehensive brain database,a brain phantom generator,a brain knowledge base,and an intelligent assistant for research on neurological and psychiatric diseases and brain development.Using big data,crowd wisdom,and high performance computers may significantly enhance the capability of the platform.Preliminary achievements along this track are reported.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND ChatGPT was developed in November 2022 with studies showing its impressive performance in academic examinations,serving as a promising tool to answer questions even on controversial topics.Artificial intelligence(AI)achieving surface-level performance does not necessarily equate to a deep understanding of human cognition.The development of artificial wisdom,therefore,necessitates a shift from simply mimicking intelligent behavior to modeling the underlying mechanisms of human wisdom,including emotional understanding,ethical considerations,and contextual awareness.Several theories exist behind the death of Alexander the Great,but no definitive conclusion has been made.AIM To evaluate whether a hybrid approach,combining generative AI(ChatGPT)with human clinical judgment,can meaningfully reassess the cause of death of Alexander the Great.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using ChatGPT(version 4 Pro).A search was performed with search terms describing the symptoms experienced by Alexander the Great and possible causes of his death:West Nile virus(WNV)encephalitis,poisoning,acute pancreatitis due to excessive alcohol consumption,typhoid fever,and malaria.The historical data and symptomatology were analyzed,weighing evidence and context in a manner akin to human wisdom.RESULTS The most likely cause of death of Alexander the Great,as generated by ChatGPT,was typhoid fever complicated by Guillain-Barrésyndrome(GBS).The hypothesis was based on the alignment between Alexander’s reported symptoms,such as prolonged high fever,severe abdominal pain,neurological decline,and the known clinical presentation of typhoid fever.However,after carefully reviewing the sources mentioned by ChatGPT,many did not back up the idea that typhoid caused GBS and instead pointed to Campylobacter jejuni as the more likely trigger.Other possible causes of death suggested by ChatGPT including acute pancreatitis from excessive alcohol consumption,infectious causes(WNV encephalitis,malaria),and poisoning were less likely.CONCLUSION While ChatGPT initially concluded typhoid fever with GBS as the most plausible cause of death,expert reappraisal of the sources and pathophysiology suggested that C.jejuni-associated GBS was more likely.This study exemplifies how incorporating AI’s pattern recognition with human scrutiny can yield responsible interpretations of historical records.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1308502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81471734)
文摘A powerful platform of digital brain is proposed using crowd wisdom for brain research,based on the computational artificial intelligence model of synthesis reasoning and multi-source analogical generating.The design of the platform aims to make it a comprehensive brain database,a brain phantom generator,a brain knowledge base,and an intelligent assistant for research on neurological and psychiatric diseases and brain development.Using big data,crowd wisdom,and high performance computers may significantly enhance the capability of the platform.Preliminary achievements along this track are reported.
