[Objective] The research aimed to optimize laboratory artificial rearing methods for Plutella xylostella L. and to select out effective insecticides against this pest species. [Method] Brassica chinensis seedlings wer...[Objective] The research aimed to optimize laboratory artificial rearing methods for Plutella xylostella L. and to select out effective insecticides against this pest species. [Method] Brassica chinensis seedlings were cultivated in the laboratory at （25±1）℃, 60-75% RH, and a photoperiod of 14：10 （L：D） h. The green blow molding papers were used to collect eggs, and Brassica oleracea seedlings were cultivated to breed Plutella xylostella L. until the insects were ready for use. Mean-while, the susceptibility of 3rd instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L. to five types of insecticides was tested by leaf-dipping method. [Result] Plutella xylostella L. larvae were found well-grown and uniform in developmental stages with average pupa weight of 5.4 mg, pupa emergence percentage of 94.0 % and egg number of 135.1 per female. The LCso values of 3rd instar Plutella xylostella L. larvae against 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole SC, 20% flubendiamide WG, 150 g/L indoxacarb EC, 200 g/L tebufenozide SC and 1.8% abamectin EC, were 0.152, 0.223, 1.151, 93.340 and 0.128 mg/L, respectively. [Conclusion] This rearing method is easy to be implemented and of great practicality, suitable for mass propagation of P. xylostella L. Abamectin, chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide showed high insecticidal activities, so these three insecticides can be used alternately for the field prevention and control of Plutella xylostella L.展开更多
Early life intervention is important to shape the gut microbiome profiles of adult animals due to the tremendous alteration of diet components. Nevertheless, there is still no unified understanding about its long-term...Early life intervention is important to shape the gut microbiome profiles of adult animals due to the tremendous alteration of diet components. Nevertheless, there is still no unified understanding about its long-term effects in lambs. In this study, sixty 20-day-old lambs were assigned into ewe-rearing(ER) and artificial-rearing(AR) treatments to evaluate the effects of AR strategy on ruminal microbiota, fermentation, and morphology of pre-weaning lambs(from 20 to 60 days of age) and its long-term effects in the fattening stage(from 61 to 180 days of age). During the pre-weaning stage, ER lambs were breastfed and supplemented starter, while AR lambs were artificially fed with milk replacer and starter. During the fattening stage, all lambs in both treatments were fed with the same fattening diets. At 60, 120 and 180 days of age, 6 lambs from each group were slaughtered to collect rumen content and tissue samples. Compared with ER lambs, the dry matter feed intakes of AR lambs increased(P<0.05) from 20 to 180 days of age, companying an increased average daily gain(ADG) from 61 to 120 days of age(P<0.05) and from 121 to 180 days of age(0.05<P<0.1). Although there was no difference in short-chain fatty acid(SCFA, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate) between treatments before weaning(P>0.05), it was higher(P<0.05) in AR lambs compared with ER lambs at the fattening stage. The rumen keratin layer of AR lambs was thinner(P<0.05) than that of ER lambs. Along with lamb growth from 60 to 180 days of age, the differences in rumen bacterial diversity between AR and ER treatments grew more distinct(P<0.05). Compared with ER lambs, AR lambs increased(P<0.05) rumen bacteria abundance, such as phylum Spirochaetes and genus Treponema at 60 days of age, phylum Actinobacteria and genus Succiniclasticum at 120 days of age, and phylum Proteobacteria at 180 days of age, but decreased genus Selenomonas from 60 to 180 days of age, and Anaerovibrio at 180 days of age. In summary, the early interventions before weaning could improve dry matter feed intake of lambs, which triggered robust rumen development and produced positive long-term effects on rumen fermentation and noticeable weight gain of fattening lambs. It suggests that the artificial rearing strategy is effective in improving rumen fermentation and microbial maturity of intensive fattening lambs.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper aimed to screen the poison bait and lure suitable for controlling Apodemus peninsulae. [ Method ] A. peninsulae was reared individually in a single cage, to observe its feeding conditions. [Res...[ Objective ] The paper aimed to screen the poison bait and lure suitable for controlling Apodemus peninsulae. [ Method ] A. peninsulae was reared individually in a single cage, to observe its feeding conditions. [Result] A. peninsulae preferred carrot and cucumber, followed by peanut, and rat diet was the last choice. [ Conclusion] Carrot and cucumber could be used to prepare poisoning bait for controlling A. peninsulae, in order to improve rat capture efficiency.展开更多
Citrus is the highest-yielding fruit crop globally,with China ranking first in both cultivation area and production worldwide.During citrus growth,the crop is often damaged by various pests such as Diaphorina citri,sc...Citrus is the highest-yielding fruit crop globally,with China ranking first in both cultivation area and production worldwide.During citrus growth,the crop is often damaged by various pests such as Diaphorina citri,scale insects,and aphids.Among these,D.citri,the vector of Huanglongbing(citrus greening disease),is particularly severe and has caused substantial economic losses globally.Currently,chemical pesticides remain the primary method for controlling citrus pests.However,their overuse can lead to pest resistance and excessive pesticide residues,posing threats to human health and the environment.Therefore,utilizing natural enemy insects for biological control is of significant importance.This paper systematically reviewed the research progress in artificial rearing of natural enemy insects for citrus pests,aiming to provide references for green pest management in citrus cultivation and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the citrus industry.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Technologies of R&D Program of Shanxi Province(20120311019-1)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2012-110)+1 种基金Doctoral Research Fund of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YBSJJ1006)Key Technologies of R&D Program of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2012ygg16)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to optimize laboratory artificial rearing methods for Plutella xylostella L. and to select out effective insecticides against this pest species. [Method] Brassica chinensis seedlings were cultivated in the laboratory at （25±1）℃, 60-75% RH, and a photoperiod of 14：10 （L：D） h. The green blow molding papers were used to collect eggs, and Brassica oleracea seedlings were cultivated to breed Plutella xylostella L. until the insects were ready for use. Mean-while, the susceptibility of 3rd instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L. to five types of insecticides was tested by leaf-dipping method. [Result] Plutella xylostella L. larvae were found well-grown and uniform in developmental stages with average pupa weight of 5.4 mg, pupa emergence percentage of 94.0 % and egg number of 135.1 per female. The LCso values of 3rd instar Plutella xylostella L. larvae against 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole SC, 20% flubendiamide WG, 150 g/L indoxacarb EC, 200 g/L tebufenozide SC and 1.8% abamectin EC, were 0.152, 0.223, 1.151, 93.340 and 0.128 mg/L, respectively. [Conclusion] This rearing method is easy to be implemented and of great practicality, suitable for mass propagation of P. xylostella L. Abamectin, chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide showed high insecticidal activities, so these three insecticides can be used alternately for the field prevention and control of Plutella xylostella L.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872385)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution,China(Y2019CG08)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0502001)。
文摘Early life intervention is important to shape the gut microbiome profiles of adult animals due to the tremendous alteration of diet components. Nevertheless, there is still no unified understanding about its long-term effects in lambs. In this study, sixty 20-day-old lambs were assigned into ewe-rearing(ER) and artificial-rearing(AR) treatments to evaluate the effects of AR strategy on ruminal microbiota, fermentation, and morphology of pre-weaning lambs(from 20 to 60 days of age) and its long-term effects in the fattening stage(from 61 to 180 days of age). During the pre-weaning stage, ER lambs were breastfed and supplemented starter, while AR lambs were artificially fed with milk replacer and starter. During the fattening stage, all lambs in both treatments were fed with the same fattening diets. At 60, 120 and 180 days of age, 6 lambs from each group were slaughtered to collect rumen content and tissue samples. Compared with ER lambs, the dry matter feed intakes of AR lambs increased(P<0.05) from 20 to 180 days of age, companying an increased average daily gain(ADG) from 61 to 120 days of age(P<0.05) and from 121 to 180 days of age(0.05<P<0.1). Although there was no difference in short-chain fatty acid(SCFA, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate) between treatments before weaning(P>0.05), it was higher(P<0.05) in AR lambs compared with ER lambs at the fattening stage. The rumen keratin layer of AR lambs was thinner(P<0.05) than that of ER lambs. Along with lamb growth from 60 to 180 days of age, the differences in rumen bacterial diversity between AR and ER treatments grew more distinct(P<0.05). Compared with ER lambs, AR lambs increased(P<0.05) rumen bacteria abundance, such as phylum Spirochaetes and genus Treponema at 60 days of age, phylum Actinobacteria and genus Succiniclasticum at 120 days of age, and phylum Proteobacteria at 180 days of age, but decreased genus Selenomonas from 60 to 180 days of age, and Anaerovibrio at 180 days of age. In summary, the early interventions before weaning could improve dry matter feed intake of lambs, which triggered robust rumen development and produced positive long-term effects on rumen fermentation and noticeable weight gain of fattening lambs. It suggests that the artificial rearing strategy is effective in improving rumen fermentation and microbial maturity of intensive fattening lambs.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Team Projects of Colleges and Universities in Heilongjiang Province(Collapse Mechanism and Control Technology Research of Forest Rodent Population)Rodent Fauna in Mudanjiang Sandaoguan Forest Farm and Their Harms on Agriculture and Forestry(yjsxscx2015-12mdjnu)
文摘[ Objective ] The paper aimed to screen the poison bait and lure suitable for controlling Apodemus peninsulae. [ Method ] A. peninsulae was reared individually in a single cage, to observe its feeding conditions. [Result] A. peninsulae preferred carrot and cucumber, followed by peanut, and rat diet was the last choice. [ Conclusion] Carrot and cucumber could be used to prepare poisoning bait for controlling A. peninsulae, in order to improve rat capture efficiency.
基金Supported by National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(202410580010)Construction Project of the Zhaoqing Citrus Comprehensive Experimental Station Platform under the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(202413004)+1 种基金Key Projects of the Second Round Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages for Rural Science and Technology Special Commissioners Dispatched by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology(KTP20240684)Doctoral Scientific Research Initiation Fund Project of Zhaoqing University(611/230009).
文摘Citrus is the highest-yielding fruit crop globally,with China ranking first in both cultivation area and production worldwide.During citrus growth,the crop is often damaged by various pests such as Diaphorina citri,scale insects,and aphids.Among these,D.citri,the vector of Huanglongbing(citrus greening disease),is particularly severe and has caused substantial economic losses globally.Currently,chemical pesticides remain the primary method for controlling citrus pests.However,their overuse can lead to pest resistance and excessive pesticide residues,posing threats to human health and the environment.Therefore,utilizing natural enemy insects for biological control is of significant importance.This paper systematically reviewed the research progress in artificial rearing of natural enemy insects for citrus pests,aiming to provide references for green pest management in citrus cultivation and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the citrus industry.
