Mixed orthogonal arrays of strength two and size smn are constructed by grouping points in the finite projective geometry PG(mn-1, s). PG(mn-1, s) can be partitioned into [(smn-1)/(sn-1)](n-1)-flats such that each (n-...Mixed orthogonal arrays of strength two and size smn are constructed by grouping points in the finite projective geometry PG(mn-1, s). PG(mn-1, s) can be partitioned into [(smn-1)/(sn-1)](n-1)-flats such that each (n-1)-flat is associated with a point in PG(m-1, sn). An orthogonal array Lsmn((sn)(smn-)(sn-1) can be constructed by using (smn-1)/( sn-1) points in PG(m-1, sn). A set of (st-1)/(s-1) points in PG(m-1, sn) is called a (t-1)-flat over GF(s) if it is isomorphic to PG(t-1, s). If there exists a (t-1)-flat over GF(s) in PG(m-1, sn), then we can replace the corresponding [(st-1)/(s-1)] sn-level columns in Lsmn((sn)(smn-)(sn-1) by (smn-1)/( sn-1) st -level columns and obtain a mixed orthogonal array. Many new mixed orthogonal arrays can be obtained by this procedure. In this paper, we study methods for finding disjoint (t-1)-flats over GF(s) in PG(m-1, sn) in order to construct more mixed orthogonal arrays of strength two. In particular, if m and n are relatively prime then we can construct an Lsmn((sm)smn-1/sm-1-i(sn-1)/ (s-1)( sn) i(sm-1)/ s-1) for any 0i(smn-1)(s-1)/( sm-1)( sn-1) New orthogonal arrays of sizes 256, 512, and 1024 are obtained by using PG(7,2), PG(8,2), and PG(9,2) respectively.展开更多
A six-element Yagi-Uda array is optimally designed using Central Force Optimization (CFO) with a small amount of pseudo randomly injected negative gravity. CFO is a simple, deterministic metaheuristic analogizing grav...A six-element Yagi-Uda array is optimally designed using Central Force Optimization (CFO) with a small amount of pseudo randomly injected negative gravity. CFO is a simple, deterministic metaheuristic analogizing gravitational kinematics (motion of masses under the influence of gravity). It has been very effective in addressing a wide range of antenna and other problems and normally employs only positive gravity. With positive gravity the six element CFO-designed Yagi array described here exhibits excellent performance with respect to the objectives of impedance bandwidth and forward gain. This paper addresses the question of what happens when a small amount of negative gravity is injected into the CFO algorithm. Does doing so have any effect, beneficial, negative or neutral? In this particular case negative gravity improves CFO’s exploration and creates a region of optimality containing many designs that perform about as well as or better than the array discovered with only positive gravity. Without some negative gravity these array configurations are overlooked. This Yagi-Uda array design example suggests that antennas optimized or designed using deterministic CFO may well benefit by including a small amount of negative gravity, and that the negative gravity approach merits further study.展开更多
Sparse array design has significant implications for improving the accuracy of direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of non-circular(NC)signals.We propose an extended nested array with a filled sensor(ENAFS)based on the...Sparse array design has significant implications for improving the accuracy of direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of non-circular(NC)signals.We propose an extended nested array with a filled sensor(ENAFS)based on the hole-filling strategy.Specifically,we first introduce the improved nested array(INA)and prove its properties.Subsequently,we extend the sum-difference coarray(SDCA)by adding an additional sensor to fill the holes.Thus the larger uniform degrees of freedom(uDOFs)and virtual array aperture(VAA)can be abtained,and the ENAFS is designed.Finally,the simulation results are given to verify the superiority of the proposed ENAFS in terms of DOF,mutual coupling and estimation performance.展开更多
In this paper,a method for designing supermassive sparse phased arrays(SMSPAs)known as the unitary modified matrix enhancement and matrix pencil(UMMEMP)method is proposed.In this method,an eigenvalue pairing method,wh...In this paper,a method for designing supermassive sparse phased arrays(SMSPAs)known as the unitary modified matrix enhancement and matrix pencil(UMMEMP)method is proposed.In this method,an eigenvalue pairing method,which is inspired by the modified MEMP,effectively pairs the repeated eigenvalues intractable in the unitary matrix pencil method,and it is more effective in determining the locations of elements in the sparse array.Three numerical examples and a full-wave validation are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method,implemented via SMSPA,in achieving low sidelobe level wide-angle scanning radiation patterns,circular flattop radiation patterns,and ultra wide-angle scanning radiation patterns.展开更多
Range-azimuth imaging of ground targets via frequency-modulated continuous wave(FMCW)radar is crucial for effective target detection.However,when the pitch of the moving array constructed during motion exceeds the phy...Range-azimuth imaging of ground targets via frequency-modulated continuous wave(FMCW)radar is crucial for effective target detection.However,when the pitch of the moving array constructed during motion exceeds the physical array aperture,azimuth ambiguity occurs,making range-azimuth imaging on a moving platform challenging.To address this issue,we theoretically analyze azimuth ambiguity generation in sparse motion arrays and propose a dual-aperture adaptive processing(DAAP)method for suppressing azimuth ambiguity.This method combines spatial multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)arrays with sparse motion arrays to achieve high-resolution range-azimuth imaging.In addition,an adaptive QR decomposition denoising method for sparse array signals based on iterative low-rank matrix approximation(LRMA)and regularized QR is proposed to preprocess sparse motion array signals.Simulations and experiments show that on a two-transmitter-four-receiver array,the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the sparse motion array signal after noise suppression via adaptive QR decomposition can exceed 0 dB,and the azimuth ambiguity signal ratio(AASR)can be reduced to below-20 dB.展开更多
The Longmenshan(LMS)fault zone is located at the junction of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin and is of great significance for studying regional tectonics and earthquake hazards.Although regional velo...The Longmenshan(LMS)fault zone is located at the junction of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin and is of great significance for studying regional tectonics and earthquake hazards.Although regional velocity models are available for the LMS fault zone,high-resolution velocity models are lacking.Therefore,a dense array of 240 short-period seismometers was deployed around the central segment of the LMS fault zone for approximately 30 days to monitor earthquakes and characterize fine structures of the fault zone.Considering the large quantity of observed seismic data,the data processing workflow consisted of deep learning-based automatic earthquake detection,phase arrival picking,and association.Compared with the earthquake catalog released by the China Earthquake Administration,many more earthquakes were detected by the dense array.Double-difference seismic tomography was adopted to determine V_(p),V_(s),and V_(p)/V_(s)models as well as earthquake locations.The checkerboard test showed that the velocity models have spatial resolutions of approximately 5 km in the horizontal directions and 2 km at depth.To the west of the Yingxiu–Beichuan Fault(YBF),the Precambrian Pengguan complex,where most of earthquakes occurred,is characterized by high velocity and low V_(p)/V_(s)values.In comparison,to the east of the YBF,the Upper Paleozoic to Jurassic sediments,where few earthquakes occurred,show low velocity and high V_(p)/V_(s)values.Our results suggest that the earthquake activity in the LMS fault zone is controlled by the strength of the rock compositions.When the high-resolution velocity models were combined with the relocated earthquakes,we were also able to delineate the fault geometry for different faults in the LMS fault zone.展开更多
The water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) is an important part of the large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO),which is in a research and development phase.The central scientific goal of LHAASO is to explore ...The water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) is an important part of the large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO),which is in a research and development phase.The central scientific goal of LHAASO is to explore the origin of high-energy cosmic rays of the universe and to push forward the frontier of new physics.To simplify the WCDA's readout electronics,a prototype of a front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC) is designed based on the timeover-threshold method to achieve charge-to-time conversion.High-precision time measurement and charge measurement are necessary over a full dynamic range[1-4000photoelectrons(P.E.)].To evaluate the performance of this ASIC,a test system is designed that includes the front-end ASIC test module,digitization module,and test software.The first module needs to be customized for different ASIC versions,whereas the digitization module and test software are tested for general-purpose use.In the digitization module,a field programmable gate array-based time-todigital converter is designed with a bin size of 333 ps,which also integrates an inter-integrated circuit to configure the ASIC test module,and a universal serial bus interface is designed to transfer data to the remote computer.Test results indicate that the time resolution is better than 0.5 ns,and the charge resolution is better than 30%root mean square(RMS) at 1 P.E.and 3%RMS at 4000 P.E.,which are beyond the application requirements.展开更多
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)equipped with uniform linear array has been applied to multiple emitters localization.Meanwhile,nested linear array enables to enhance localization resolution and achieve under-determined D...Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)equipped with uniform linear array has been applied to multiple emitters localization.Meanwhile,nested linear array enables to enhance localization resolution and achieve under-determined Direction of Arrival(DOA)estimation.In this paper,we propose a new system structure for emitters localization that combines the UAV with nested linear array,which is capable of significantly increasing the positioning accuracy of interested targets.Specifically,a localization scheme is designed to obtain the paired two-dimensional DOA(2D-DOA,i.e.azimuth and elevation angles)estimates of emitters by nested linear array with UAV.Furthermore,we propose an improved DOA estimation algorithm for emitters localization that utilizes Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT)method to obtain coarse DOA estimates,subsequently,achieve the fine DOA estimates by sparse representation.The proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity because the coarse DOA estimates enable to shrink the range of over-complete dictionary of sparse representation.In addition,compared to traditional uniform linear array,improved 2D-DOA estimation performance of emitters can be obtained with a nested linear array.Extensive simulation results testify the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground commu...This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.展开更多
To improve the resolution and accuracy of Direct Position Determination(DPD),this paper investigates the problem of positioning multiple emitters directly with a single moving Rotating Linear Array(RLA).Firstly,the ge...To improve the resolution and accuracy of Direct Position Determination(DPD),this paper investigates the problem of positioning multiple emitters directly with a single moving Rotating Linear Array(RLA).Firstly,the geometry of the RLA is formulated and analysed.According to its geometry,the intercepted noncoherent signals in multiple interception intervals are modeled.Correspondingly,the Multiple SIgnal Classification(MUSIC)based noncoherent DPD approach is proposed.Secondly,the synchronous coherent pulse signals are individually considered and formulated.And the coherent DPD approach which aims for localizing this special type of signal is presented by stacking all array responses at different interception intervals.Besides,we also derive the constrained Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB)expression for both noncoherent and coherent DPD with RLA under the constraint that the altitudes of the emitters are known.At last,computer simulations are included to examine the performance of the proposed approach.The results demonstrate that the localization accuracy and resolution of DPD with single moving linear array can be significantly improved by the array rotation.In addition,coherent DPD with RLA further improves the resolution and increases the maximum emitter number that can be localized compared with the noncoherent DPD with RLA.展开更多
This paper investigates the effect of adding three extensions to Central Force Optimization when it is used as the Global Search and Optimization method for the design and optimization of 6-elementYagi-Uda arrays. Tho...This paper investigates the effect of adding three extensions to Central Force Optimization when it is used as the Global Search and Optimization method for the design and optimization of 6-elementYagi-Uda arrays. Those exten</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sions are </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Negative</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gravity</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Elitism</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dynamic</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Threshold</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Optimization</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. T</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he basic CFO heuristic does not include any of these, but adding them substan</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tially improves the algorithm’s performance. This paper extends the work r</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eported in a previous paper that considered only negative gravity and which </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">showed a significant performance improvement over a range of optimized a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rrays. Still better results are obtained by adding to the mix </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Elitism</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">DTO</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. An overall improvement in best fitness of 19.16% is achieved by doing so. While the work reported here was limited to the design/optimization of 6-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">element Yagis, the reasonable inference based on these data is that any antenna design/optimization problem, indeed any Global Search and Optimiza</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion problem, antenna or not, utilizing Central Force Optimization as the Gl</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obal Search and Optimization engine will benefit by including all three extensions, probably substantially.展开更多
Stratospheric airships are lighter-than-air vehicles capable of continuous flying for months.The energy balance of the airship is the key to long-duration flights.The stratospheric airship is entirely powered by the s...Stratospheric airships are lighter-than-air vehicles capable of continuous flying for months.The energy balance of the airship is the key to long-duration flights.The stratospheric airship is entirely powered by the solar array.It is necessary to accurately predict the output power of the array for any flight state.Because of the uneven solar radiation received by the solar array,the traditional model based on components has a slow simulation speed.In this study,a data-driven surrogate modeling approach for prediction the output power of the solar array is proposed.The surrogate model is trained using the samples obtained from the high-accuracy simulation model.By using the input parameter preprocessor,the accuracy of the surrogate model in predicting the output power of the solar array is improved to 98.65%.In addition,the predictive speed of the surrogate model is ten million times faster than the traditional simulation model.Finally,the surrogate model is used to predict the energy balance of stratospheric airships flying throughout the year under actual global wind fields.展开更多
Late leaf spot disease(LLS)is one of the most important diseases that cause severe yield losses in peanut.Peanut has various sources of resistance to LLS,so the identification of resistant quantitative trait loci(QTLs...Late leaf spot disease(LLS)is one of the most important diseases that cause severe yield losses in peanut.Peanut has various sources of resistance to LLS,so the identification of resistant quantitative trait loci(QTLs)and the development of related molecular markers are of great importance for the breeding of LLS-resistant peanut.In this study,173 individual lines of a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population and the 48K SNP array for genotyping were used to construct a high-density genetic map with 1,475 bin markers and 20 linkage groups.A total of 11 QTLs were obtained through QTL analysis using the constructed genetic map.Among them,the stable major QTL qLLS.LG02 was identified on linkage group 2 in all six environments,with the phenotypic variation explained(PVE)ranging from 15.57 to 31.09%.QTL-seq technology was also employed for a QTL analysis of LLS resistance.As a result,14 QTL loci related to LLS resistance were identified using the G prime algorithm.Notably,the physical positions of qLLS02 and qLLS03 coincided with those of qLLS.LG02 and qLLS.LG03,respectively.Gene annotation analysis within the 14 QTL intervals from QTL-seq revealed a total of 163 nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat(NBS-LRR)disease resistance genes,accounting for 22.86%of all resistance(R)genes in the peanut genome and showing a 4.26-fold enrichment with a P-value of 5.19e-57.Within the QTL region qLLS02 of the resistant parent Mi-2,there was a 5 Mb structural variation(SV)interval containing 81 NBS-LRR genes.A PCR diagnostic marker was developed,and validation data suggested that this SV might lead to gene deletion or replacement with other genes.This SV has the potential to enhance peanut resistance to LLS.The results of this study have significant implications for improving peanut breeding for LLS resistance through the development of associated molecular markers.展开更多
The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at high current density under industrial temperatures is crucial for large-scale industrial hydrog...The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at high current density under industrial temperatures is crucial for large-scale industrial hydrogen production from water splitting.In this work,M-MnO_(2)@TNTA composite electrodes were prepared by depositing various metal ion-doped manganese oxide nanoparticles on the titania nanotube array(TNTA)by successive ionic layer adsorption reaction(SILAR)method,and their HER and OER electrocatalytic performances were investigated in 1 M KOH.Results show that the CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA composite electrode prepared by simultaneous doping of Co^(3+)and Fe^(3+)in MnO_(2) exhibits optimal catalytic performance.Compared with MnO_(2)@TNTA without ion doping,the overpotentials of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA at 10 mA cm^(-2)(η_(10))for HER and OER are reduced by 571 and 665 mV.In addition,the electrode perfor-mance can be significantly enhanced by increasing the test temperature,and the porous array structure enables CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA to exhibit better performance at high current densities.At 50℃,which is the common industrial electrolytic water temperature,the η_(10) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for HER is almost equal to that of the Pt/C electrode.The η_(100) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for HER is reduced by 35 mV compared with the Pt/C electrode.Moreover,η_(200) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for OER is significantly lowered by 111 and 184 mV compared with IrO_(2) and RuO_(2) electrodes.Utilizing CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting,the electrolysis voltage is merely 2.33 V under the current density of 200 mA cm^(-2),much lower than that of IrO_(2)(+)||Pt/C(-)(2.68 V).The present work may provide a valuable reference for the development of self-supporting bifunctional electrodes suitable for high-current-density water splitting at industrial temperatures.展开更多
It is of great scientific significance to construct a 3D dynamic structural color with a special color effect based on the microlens array.However,the problems of imperfect mechanisms and poor color quality need to be...It is of great scientific significance to construct a 3D dynamic structural color with a special color effect based on the microlens array.However,the problems of imperfect mechanisms and poor color quality need to be solved.A method of 3D structural color turning on periodic metasurfaces fabricated by the microlens array and self-assembly technology was proposed in this study.In the experiment,Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)flexible film was used as a substrate,and SiO2 microspheres were scraped into grooves of the PDMS film to form 3D photonic crystal structures.By adjusting the number of blade-coated times and microsphere concentrations,high-saturation structural color micropatterns were obtained.These films were then matched with microlens arrays to produce dynamic graphics with iridescent effects.The results showed that by blade-coated two times and SiO2 microsphere concentrations of 50%are the best conditions.This method demonstrates the potential for being widely applied in the anticounterfeiting printing and ultra-high-resolution display.展开更多
The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled p...The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.展开更多
Interference significantly impacts the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),highlighting the need for advanced interference localization technology to bolster anti-interference and defense capa...Interference significantly impacts the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),highlighting the need for advanced interference localization technology to bolster anti-interference and defense capabilities.The Uniform Circular Array(UCA)enables concurrent estimation of the Direction of Arrival(DOA)in both azimuth and elevation.Given the paramount importance of stability and real-time performance in interference localization,this work proposes an innovative approach to reduce the complexity and increase the robustness of the DOA estimation.The proposed method reduces computational complexity by selecting a reduced number of array elements to reconstruct a non-uniform sparse array from a UCA.To ensure DOA estimation accuracy,minimizing the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB)is the objective,and the Spatial Correlation Coefficient(SCC)is incorporated as a constraint to mitigate side-lobe.The optimization model is a quadratic fractional model,which is solved by Semi-Definite Relaxation(SDR).When the array has perturbations,the mathematical expressions for CRB and SCC are re-derived to enhance the robustness of the reconstructed array.Simulation and hardware experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating interference DOA,showing high robustness and reductions in hardware and computational costs associated with DOA estimation.展开更多
An aperture design technique using multi-step amplitude quantization for two-dimensional solid-state active phased arrays to achieve low sidelobe is described. It can be applied to antennas with arbitrary complex aper...An aperture design technique using multi-step amplitude quantization for two-dimensional solid-state active phased arrays to achieve low sidelobe is described. It can be applied to antennas with arbitrary complex aperture. Also, the gain drop and sidelobe degradation due to random amplitude and phase errors and element (or T/R module) failures are investigated.展开更多
Tin-lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites are extensively investigated in near-infrared(NIR)photodetectors(PDs)owing to their excellent photoelectric performance.However,achieving high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PDs remains chall...Tin-lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites are extensively investigated in near-infrared(NIR)photodetectors(PDs)owing to their excellent photoelectric performance.However,achieving high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PDs remains challenging,primarily because of the rapid crystallization and the susceptibility of Sn^(2+) to oxidation.To ad⁃dress these issues,this study introduces the multifunctional molecules 2,3-difluorobenzenamine(DBM)to modulate the crystallization of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites and retard the oxidation of Sn^(2+),thereby significantly enhancing film quality.Compared with the pristine film,Sn-Pb mixed perovskite films modulated by DBM molecules exhibit a high⁃ly homogeneous morphology,reduced roughness and defect density.The self-powered NIR PDs fabricated with the improved films have a spectral response range from 300 nm to 1100 nm,a peak responsivity of 0.51 A·W^(-1),a spe⁃cific detectivity as high as 2.46×10^(11)Jones within the NIR region(780 nm to 1100 nm),a linear dynamic range ex⁃ceeding 152 dB,and ultrafast rise/fall time of 123/464 ns.Thanks to the outstanding performance of PDs,the fabri⁃cated 5×5 PDs array demonstrates superior imaging ability in the NIR region up to 980 nm.This work advances the development of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites for NIR detection and paves the way for their commercialization.展开更多
An intelligent fuzzy logic inference pipeline for the control of a dc-dc buck-boost converter was designed and built using a semi-custom VLSI chip. The fuzzy linguistics describing the switching topologies of the conv...An intelligent fuzzy logic inference pipeline for the control of a dc-dc buck-boost converter was designed and built using a semi-custom VLSI chip. The fuzzy linguistics describing the switching topologies of the converter was mapped into a look-up table that was synthesized into a set of Boolean equations. A VLSI chip–a field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used to implement the Boolean equations. Features include the size of RAM chip independent of number of rules in the knowledge base, on-chip fuzzification and defuzzification, faster response with speeds over giga fuzzy logic inferences per sec (FLIPS), and an inexpensive VLSI chip. The key application areas are: 1) on-chip integrated controllers;and 2) on-chip co-integration for entire system of sensors, circuits, controllers, and detectors for building complete instrument systems.展开更多
文摘Mixed orthogonal arrays of strength two and size smn are constructed by grouping points in the finite projective geometry PG(mn-1, s). PG(mn-1, s) can be partitioned into [(smn-1)/(sn-1)](n-1)-flats such that each (n-1)-flat is associated with a point in PG(m-1, sn). An orthogonal array Lsmn((sn)(smn-)(sn-1) can be constructed by using (smn-1)/( sn-1) points in PG(m-1, sn). A set of (st-1)/(s-1) points in PG(m-1, sn) is called a (t-1)-flat over GF(s) if it is isomorphic to PG(t-1, s). If there exists a (t-1)-flat over GF(s) in PG(m-1, sn), then we can replace the corresponding [(st-1)/(s-1)] sn-level columns in Lsmn((sn)(smn-)(sn-1) by (smn-1)/( sn-1) st -level columns and obtain a mixed orthogonal array. Many new mixed orthogonal arrays can be obtained by this procedure. In this paper, we study methods for finding disjoint (t-1)-flats over GF(s) in PG(m-1, sn) in order to construct more mixed orthogonal arrays of strength two. In particular, if m and n are relatively prime then we can construct an Lsmn((sm)smn-1/sm-1-i(sn-1)/ (s-1)( sn) i(sm-1)/ s-1) for any 0i(smn-1)(s-1)/( sm-1)( sn-1) New orthogonal arrays of sizes 256, 512, and 1024 are obtained by using PG(7,2), PG(8,2), and PG(9,2) respectively.
文摘A six-element Yagi-Uda array is optimally designed using Central Force Optimization (CFO) with a small amount of pseudo randomly injected negative gravity. CFO is a simple, deterministic metaheuristic analogizing gravitational kinematics (motion of masses under the influence of gravity). It has been very effective in addressing a wide range of antenna and other problems and normally employs only positive gravity. With positive gravity the six element CFO-designed Yagi array described here exhibits excellent performance with respect to the objectives of impedance bandwidth and forward gain. This paper addresses the question of what happens when a small amount of negative gravity is injected into the CFO algorithm. Does doing so have any effect, beneficial, negative or neutral? In this particular case negative gravity improves CFO’s exploration and creates a region of optimality containing many designs that perform about as well as or better than the array discovered with only positive gravity. Without some negative gravity these array configurations are overlooked. This Yagi-Uda array design example suggests that antennas optimized or designed using deterministic CFO may well benefit by including a small amount of negative gravity, and that the negative gravity approach merits further study.
基金supported by China National Science Foundations(Nos.62371225,62371227)。
文摘Sparse array design has significant implications for improving the accuracy of direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of non-circular(NC)signals.We propose an extended nested array with a filled sensor(ENAFS)based on the hole-filling strategy.Specifically,we first introduce the improved nested array(INA)and prove its properties.Subsequently,we extend the sum-difference coarray(SDCA)by adding an additional sensor to fill the holes.Thus the larger uniform degrees of freedom(uDOFs)and virtual array aperture(VAA)can be abtained,and the ENAFS is designed.Finally,the simulation results are given to verify the superiority of the proposed ENAFS in terms of DOF,mutual coupling and estimation performance.
文摘In this paper,a method for designing supermassive sparse phased arrays(SMSPAs)known as the unitary modified matrix enhancement and matrix pencil(UMMEMP)method is proposed.In this method,an eigenvalue pairing method,which is inspired by the modified MEMP,effectively pairs the repeated eigenvalues intractable in the unitary matrix pencil method,and it is more effective in determining the locations of elements in the sparse array.Three numerical examples and a full-wave validation are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method,implemented via SMSPA,in achieving low sidelobe level wide-angle scanning radiation patterns,circular flattop radiation patterns,and ultra wide-angle scanning radiation patterns.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62301051.
文摘Range-azimuth imaging of ground targets via frequency-modulated continuous wave(FMCW)radar is crucial for effective target detection.However,when the pitch of the moving array constructed during motion exceeds the physical array aperture,azimuth ambiguity occurs,making range-azimuth imaging on a moving platform challenging.To address this issue,we theoretically analyze azimuth ambiguity generation in sparse motion arrays and propose a dual-aperture adaptive processing(DAAP)method for suppressing azimuth ambiguity.This method combines spatial multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)arrays with sparse motion arrays to achieve high-resolution range-azimuth imaging.In addition,an adaptive QR decomposition denoising method for sparse array signals based on iterative low-rank matrix approximation(LRMA)and regularized QR is proposed to preprocess sparse motion array signals.Simulations and experiments show that on a two-transmitter-four-receiver array,the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the sparse motion array signal after noise suppression via adaptive QR decomposition can exceed 0 dB,and the azimuth ambiguity signal ratio(AASR)can be reduced to below-20 dB.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology under Grant 2024yjrc64the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2018YFC1504102。
文摘The Longmenshan(LMS)fault zone is located at the junction of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin and is of great significance for studying regional tectonics and earthquake hazards.Although regional velocity models are available for the LMS fault zone,high-resolution velocity models are lacking.Therefore,a dense array of 240 short-period seismometers was deployed around the central segment of the LMS fault zone for approximately 30 days to monitor earthquakes and characterize fine structures of the fault zone.Considering the large quantity of observed seismic data,the data processing workflow consisted of deep learning-based automatic earthquake detection,phase arrival picking,and association.Compared with the earthquake catalog released by the China Earthquake Administration,many more earthquakes were detected by the dense array.Double-difference seismic tomography was adopted to determine V_(p),V_(s),and V_(p)/V_(s)models as well as earthquake locations.The checkerboard test showed that the velocity models have spatial resolutions of approximately 5 km in the horizontal directions and 2 km at depth.To the west of the Yingxiu–Beichuan Fault(YBF),the Precambrian Pengguan complex,where most of earthquakes occurred,is characterized by high velocity and low V_(p)/V_(s)values.In comparison,to the east of the YBF,the Upper Paleozoic to Jurassic sediments,where few earthquakes occurred,show low velocity and high V_(p)/V_(s)values.Our results suggest that the earthquake activity in the LMS fault zone is controlled by the strength of the rock compositions.When the high-resolution velocity models were combined with the relocated earthquakes,we were also able to delineate the fault geometry for different faults in the LMS fault zone.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJCX2-YW-N27)the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)
文摘The water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) is an important part of the large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO),which is in a research and development phase.The central scientific goal of LHAASO is to explore the origin of high-energy cosmic rays of the universe and to push forward the frontier of new physics.To simplify the WCDA's readout electronics,a prototype of a front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC) is designed based on the timeover-threshold method to achieve charge-to-time conversion.High-precision time measurement and charge measurement are necessary over a full dynamic range[1-4000photoelectrons(P.E.)].To evaluate the performance of this ASIC,a test system is designed that includes the front-end ASIC test module,digitization module,and test software.The first module needs to be customized for different ASIC versions,whereas the digitization module and test software are tested for general-purpose use.In the digitization module,a field programmable gate array-based time-todigital converter is designed with a bin size of 333 ps,which also integrates an inter-integrated circuit to configure the ASIC test module,and a universal serial bus interface is designed to transfer data to the remote computer.Test results indicate that the time resolution is better than 0.5 ns,and the charge resolution is better than 30%root mean square(RMS) at 1 P.E.and 3%RMS at 4000 P.E.,which are beyond the application requirements.
基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX18_0103,KYCX18_0293)China NSF Grants(61371169,61601167,61601504)+2 种基金Jiangsu NSF(BK20161489)the open research fund of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves,Southeast University(No.K201826)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NO.NE2017103).
文摘Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)equipped with uniform linear array has been applied to multiple emitters localization.Meanwhile,nested linear array enables to enhance localization resolution and achieve under-determined Direction of Arrival(DOA)estimation.In this paper,we propose a new system structure for emitters localization that combines the UAV with nested linear array,which is capable of significantly increasing the positioning accuracy of interested targets.Specifically,a localization scheme is designed to obtain the paired two-dimensional DOA(2D-DOA,i.e.azimuth and elevation angles)estimates of emitters by nested linear array with UAV.Furthermore,we propose an improved DOA estimation algorithm for emitters localization that utilizes Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT)method to obtain coarse DOA estimates,subsequently,achieve the fine DOA estimates by sparse representation.The proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity because the coarse DOA estimates enable to shrink the range of over-complete dictionary of sparse representation.In addition,compared to traditional uniform linear array,improved 2D-DOA estimation performance of emitters can be obtained with a nested linear array.Extensive simulation results testify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62371080 and 62031006)the National Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0597)the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees,China(No.cx2022063)。
文摘This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.
基金funded by the National Defence Science and Technology Project Fund of China(No.3101140)the Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund of China(No.SAST2015028)the Equipment Prophecy Fund of China(No.9140A21040115KG01001).
文摘To improve the resolution and accuracy of Direct Position Determination(DPD),this paper investigates the problem of positioning multiple emitters directly with a single moving Rotating Linear Array(RLA).Firstly,the geometry of the RLA is formulated and analysed.According to its geometry,the intercepted noncoherent signals in multiple interception intervals are modeled.Correspondingly,the Multiple SIgnal Classification(MUSIC)based noncoherent DPD approach is proposed.Secondly,the synchronous coherent pulse signals are individually considered and formulated.And the coherent DPD approach which aims for localizing this special type of signal is presented by stacking all array responses at different interception intervals.Besides,we also derive the constrained Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB)expression for both noncoherent and coherent DPD with RLA under the constraint that the altitudes of the emitters are known.At last,computer simulations are included to examine the performance of the proposed approach.The results demonstrate that the localization accuracy and resolution of DPD with single moving linear array can be significantly improved by the array rotation.In addition,coherent DPD with RLA further improves the resolution and increases the maximum emitter number that can be localized compared with the noncoherent DPD with RLA.
文摘This paper investigates the effect of adding three extensions to Central Force Optimization when it is used as the Global Search and Optimization method for the design and optimization of 6-elementYagi-Uda arrays. Those exten</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sions are </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Negative</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gravity</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Elitism</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dynamic</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Threshold</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Optimization</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. T</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he basic CFO heuristic does not include any of these, but adding them substan</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tially improves the algorithm’s performance. This paper extends the work r</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eported in a previous paper that considered only negative gravity and which </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">showed a significant performance improvement over a range of optimized a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rrays. Still better results are obtained by adding to the mix </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Elitism</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">DTO</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. An overall improvement in best fitness of 19.16% is achieved by doing so. While the work reported here was limited to the design/optimization of 6-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">element Yagis, the reasonable inference based on these data is that any antenna design/optimization problem, indeed any Global Search and Optimiza</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion problem, antenna or not, utilizing Central Force Optimization as the Gl</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obal Search and Optimization engine will benefit by including all three extensions, probably substantially.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775021,52302511)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.YWF-23-JC-01,YWF-23-JC-04,YWF-23-JC-09)。
文摘Stratospheric airships are lighter-than-air vehicles capable of continuous flying for months.The energy balance of the airship is the key to long-duration flights.The stratospheric airship is entirely powered by the solar array.It is necessary to accurately predict the output power of the array for any flight state.Because of the uneven solar radiation received by the solar array,the traditional model based on components has a slow simulation speed.In this study,a data-driven surrogate modeling approach for prediction the output power of the solar array is proposed.The surrogate model is trained using the samples obtained from the high-accuracy simulation model.By using the input parameter preprocessor,the accuracy of the surrogate model in predicting the output power of the solar array is improved to 98.65%.In addition,the predictive speed of the surrogate model is ten million times faster than the traditional simulation model.Finally,the surrogate model is used to predict the energy balance of stratospheric airships flying throughout the year under actual global wind fields.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(2022LZGC007 and 2018GNC110036)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2024MC038 and ZR2020QC121)+5 种基金the Taishan Scholar Project Funding,China(tsqn201812121)the Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2024G20,CXGC2023A06,CXGC2022A03,and CXGC2022F33)the Science and Technology for People’s Livelihood Project of Qingdao,China(20-3-4-26-nsh)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072107)the Major Scientific and Technological Project in Xinjiang,China(2022A02008-3).
文摘Late leaf spot disease(LLS)is one of the most important diseases that cause severe yield losses in peanut.Peanut has various sources of resistance to LLS,so the identification of resistant quantitative trait loci(QTLs)and the development of related molecular markers are of great importance for the breeding of LLS-resistant peanut.In this study,173 individual lines of a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population and the 48K SNP array for genotyping were used to construct a high-density genetic map with 1,475 bin markers and 20 linkage groups.A total of 11 QTLs were obtained through QTL analysis using the constructed genetic map.Among them,the stable major QTL qLLS.LG02 was identified on linkage group 2 in all six environments,with the phenotypic variation explained(PVE)ranging from 15.57 to 31.09%.QTL-seq technology was also employed for a QTL analysis of LLS resistance.As a result,14 QTL loci related to LLS resistance were identified using the G prime algorithm.Notably,the physical positions of qLLS02 and qLLS03 coincided with those of qLLS.LG02 and qLLS.LG03,respectively.Gene annotation analysis within the 14 QTL intervals from QTL-seq revealed a total of 163 nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat(NBS-LRR)disease resistance genes,accounting for 22.86%of all resistance(R)genes in the peanut genome and showing a 4.26-fold enrichment with a P-value of 5.19e-57.Within the QTL region qLLS02 of the resistant parent Mi-2,there was a 5 Mb structural variation(SV)interval containing 81 NBS-LRR genes.A PCR diagnostic marker was developed,and validation data suggested that this SV might lead to gene deletion or replacement with other genes.This SV has the potential to enhance peanut resistance to LLS.The results of this study have significant implications for improving peanut breeding for LLS resistance through the development of associated molecular markers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972095).
文摘The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at high current density under industrial temperatures is crucial for large-scale industrial hydrogen production from water splitting.In this work,M-MnO_(2)@TNTA composite electrodes were prepared by depositing various metal ion-doped manganese oxide nanoparticles on the titania nanotube array(TNTA)by successive ionic layer adsorption reaction(SILAR)method,and their HER and OER electrocatalytic performances were investigated in 1 M KOH.Results show that the CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA composite electrode prepared by simultaneous doping of Co^(3+)and Fe^(3+)in MnO_(2) exhibits optimal catalytic performance.Compared with MnO_(2)@TNTA without ion doping,the overpotentials of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA at 10 mA cm^(-2)(η_(10))for HER and OER are reduced by 571 and 665 mV.In addition,the electrode perfor-mance can be significantly enhanced by increasing the test temperature,and the porous array structure enables CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA to exhibit better performance at high current densities.At 50℃,which is the common industrial electrolytic water temperature,the η_(10) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for HER is almost equal to that of the Pt/C electrode.The η_(100) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for HER is reduced by 35 mV compared with the Pt/C electrode.Moreover,η_(200) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for OER is significantly lowered by 111 and 184 mV compared with IrO_(2) and RuO_(2) electrodes.Utilizing CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting,the electrolysis voltage is merely 2.33 V under the current density of 200 mA cm^(-2),much lower than that of IrO_(2)(+)||Pt/C(-)(2.68 V).The present work may provide a valuable reference for the development of self-supporting bifunctional electrodes suitable for high-current-density water splitting at industrial temperatures.
文摘It is of great scientific significance to construct a 3D dynamic structural color with a special color effect based on the microlens array.However,the problems of imperfect mechanisms and poor color quality need to be solved.A method of 3D structural color turning on periodic metasurfaces fabricated by the microlens array and self-assembly technology was proposed in this study.In the experiment,Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)flexible film was used as a substrate,and SiO2 microspheres were scraped into grooves of the PDMS film to form 3D photonic crystal structures.By adjusting the number of blade-coated times and microsphere concentrations,high-saturation structural color micropatterns were obtained.These films were then matched with microlens arrays to produce dynamic graphics with iridescent effects.The results showed that by blade-coated two times and SiO2 microsphere concentrations of 50%are the best conditions.This method demonstrates the potential for being widely applied in the anticounterfeiting printing and ultra-high-resolution display.
基金supported by Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC(BUPT)(No.IPOC2021ZT16),China.
文摘The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3907001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2233217,62371029)the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC),China(Nos.EP/M026981/1,EP/T021063/1 and EP/T024917/)。
文摘Interference significantly impacts the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),highlighting the need for advanced interference localization technology to bolster anti-interference and defense capabilities.The Uniform Circular Array(UCA)enables concurrent estimation of the Direction of Arrival(DOA)in both azimuth and elevation.Given the paramount importance of stability and real-time performance in interference localization,this work proposes an innovative approach to reduce the complexity and increase the robustness of the DOA estimation.The proposed method reduces computational complexity by selecting a reduced number of array elements to reconstruct a non-uniform sparse array from a UCA.To ensure DOA estimation accuracy,minimizing the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB)is the objective,and the Spatial Correlation Coefficient(SCC)is incorporated as a constraint to mitigate side-lobe.The optimization model is a quadratic fractional model,which is solved by Semi-Definite Relaxation(SDR).When the array has perturbations,the mathematical expressions for CRB and SCC are re-derived to enhance the robustness of the reconstructed array.Simulation and hardware experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating interference DOA,showing high robustness and reductions in hardware and computational costs associated with DOA estimation.
文摘An aperture design technique using multi-step amplitude quantization for two-dimensional solid-state active phased arrays to achieve low sidelobe is described. It can be applied to antennas with arbitrary complex aperture. Also, the gain drop and sidelobe degradation due to random amplitude and phase errors and element (or T/R module) failures are investigated.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205187,U23A20380,U22A2091,62222509,62127817,62075120)+3 种基金Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(IRT_17R70)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202103021223032,202303021222031)Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722006)Fund for Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Subjects Construction。
文摘Tin-lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites are extensively investigated in near-infrared(NIR)photodetectors(PDs)owing to their excellent photoelectric performance.However,achieving high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PDs remains challenging,primarily because of the rapid crystallization and the susceptibility of Sn^(2+) to oxidation.To ad⁃dress these issues,this study introduces the multifunctional molecules 2,3-difluorobenzenamine(DBM)to modulate the crystallization of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites and retard the oxidation of Sn^(2+),thereby significantly enhancing film quality.Compared with the pristine film,Sn-Pb mixed perovskite films modulated by DBM molecules exhibit a high⁃ly homogeneous morphology,reduced roughness and defect density.The self-powered NIR PDs fabricated with the improved films have a spectral response range from 300 nm to 1100 nm,a peak responsivity of 0.51 A·W^(-1),a spe⁃cific detectivity as high as 2.46×10^(11)Jones within the NIR region(780 nm to 1100 nm),a linear dynamic range ex⁃ceeding 152 dB,and ultrafast rise/fall time of 123/464 ns.Thanks to the outstanding performance of PDs,the fabri⁃cated 5×5 PDs array demonstrates superior imaging ability in the NIR region up to 980 nm.This work advances the development of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites for NIR detection and paves the way for their commercialization.
文摘An intelligent fuzzy logic inference pipeline for the control of a dc-dc buck-boost converter was designed and built using a semi-custom VLSI chip. The fuzzy linguistics describing the switching topologies of the converter was mapped into a look-up table that was synthesized into a set of Boolean equations. A VLSI chip–a field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used to implement the Boolean equations. Features include the size of RAM chip independent of number of rules in the knowledge base, on-chip fuzzification and defuzzification, faster response with speeds over giga fuzzy logic inferences per sec (FLIPS), and an inexpensive VLSI chip. The key application areas are: 1) on-chip integrated controllers;and 2) on-chip co-integration for entire system of sensors, circuits, controllers, and detectors for building complete instrument systems.
