This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground commu...This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.展开更多
The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled p...The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.展开更多
A programmable low-profile array antenna based on nematic liquid crystals(NLCs)is proposed.Each antenna unit comprises a square patch radiating structure and a tunable NLC-based phase shifter capable of achieving a ph...A programmable low-profile array antenna based on nematic liquid crystals(NLCs)is proposed.Each antenna unit comprises a square patch radiating structure and a tunable NLC-based phase shifter capable of achieving a phase shift exceeding 360°with high linearity.First,the above 64 antenna units are periodically arranged into an 8×8 NLC-based antenna array,and the bias voltage of the NLC-based phase shifter loaded on the antenna unit is adjusted through the control of the field-programmable gate array(FPGA)programming sequences.This configuration enables precise phase changes for all 64 channels.Numerical simulation,sample processing,and experimental measurements of the antenna array are conducted to validate the performance of the antenna.The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna performs well within the frequency range of 19.5-20.5 GHz,with a 3 dB relative bandwidth of 10%and a maximum main lobe gain of 14.1 dBi.A maximum scanning angle of±34°is achieved through the adjustment of the FPGA programming sequence.This NLC-based programmable array antenna shows promising potential for applications in satellite communication.展开更多
The influence of the distorted plane of the active phased array antenna on the electromagnetic performance is of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. On the bent and ...The influence of the distorted plane of the active phased array antenna on the electromagnetic performance is of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. On the bent and bowl-shape distortion, the model is established of the relationship between the electromagnetic performance and the position error of the radiated elements. The method is presented of analyzing the far-field pattern of the distorted rectangular active phased array antenna. The analysis results of a planar phased array antenna with different distortions grades prove the validity of the model. Therefore, by the method, the antenna designers may set the reasonable requirement on the structural tolerance in manufacturing antenna.展开更多
With regard to problems in conventional synthetic aperture radar （SAR）, such as imaging distortion, beam limitation and failure in acquiring three-dimensional （3-D） information, a downward-looking 3-D imaging meth...With regard to problems in conventional synthetic aperture radar （SAR）, such as imaging distortion, beam limitation and failure in acquiring three-dimensional （3-D） information, a downward-looking 3-D imaging method based on frequency modulated continuous wave （FMCW） and digital beamforming （DBF） technology for airborne SAR is presented in this study. Downward-looking 3-D SAR signal model is established first, followed by introduction of virtual antenna optimization factor and discussion of equivalent-phase-center compensation. Then, compensation method is provided according to reside video phase （RVP） and slope term for FMCW SAR. As multiple receiving antennas are applied to downward-looking 3-D imaging SAR, range cell migration correction （RCMC） turns to be more complex, and corrective measures are proposed. In addition, DBF technology is applied in realizing cross-track resolution. Finally, to validate the proposed method, magnitude of slice, peak sidelobe ratio （PSLR）, integrated sidelobe ratio （ISLR） and two-dimensional （2-D） contour plot of impulse response function （IRF） of point target in three dimensions are demonstrated. Satisfactory performances are shown by simulation results.展开更多
This paper studies the effect of amplitude-phase errors on the antenna performance. Via builting on a worst-case error tolerance model, a simple and practical worst error tolerance analysis based on the chaos-genetic ...This paper studies the effect of amplitude-phase errors on the antenna performance. Via builting on a worst-case error tolerance model, a simple and practical worst error tolerance analysis based on the chaos-genetic algorithm （CGA） is proposed. The proposed method utilizes chaos to optimize initial population for the genetic algorithm （GA） and introduces chaotic disturbance into the genetic mutation, thereby improving the ability of the GA to search for the global optimum. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the accuracy and stability of the worst-case analysis of the proposed approach are superior to the GA. And the proposed algorithm can be used easily for the error tolerant design of antenna arrays.展开更多
Due to the shortcomings such as the premature convergence and the bad local optimal searching capability in traditional intelligence methods for pattern synthesis,a new type of wolf pack algorithm named Levy⁃Cultural ...Due to the shortcomings such as the premature convergence and the bad local optimal searching capability in traditional intelligence methods for pattern synthesis,a new type of wolf pack algorithm named Levy⁃Cultural Wolf Pack Algorithm(LCWPA)was designed on the basis of the Cultural Wolf Pack Algorithm(CWPA),which obeys the selective Levy flight.Because of the good overall management ability provided by the cultural algorithm in optimization process and the characteristics of excellent population diversity brought by Levy flight,the search efficiency of the new algorithm was greatly improved.When the algorithm was applied in the pattern synthesis of array antenna,the simulation results showed its high performance with multi⁃null and low side⁃lobe restrictions.In addition,the algorithm was superior to the Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization(QPSO),Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),and Genetic Algorithm(GA)in optimization accuracy and operation speed,and is of very good generalization.展开更多
To gain the tradeoff between lower sidelobe and higher power amplifiers efficiency,a transmitting beam shaping scheme with limited amplitude weight values for satellite active phased array antenna is presented. The sc...To gain the tradeoff between lower sidelobe and higher power amplifiers efficiency,a transmitting beam shaping scheme with limited amplitude weight values for satellite active phased array antenna is presented. The scheme is implemented by a dual coding genetic algorithm(GA). Phase and amplitude of array weight vectors for beam shaping are encoded by real coding and finite length binary coding,respectively,which,maintaining accuracy of results,reduces the amplitude dynamic range and improves the efficiency of power amplifiers. The presented algorithm,compared with complex-coded GA,increases the convergence rate due to the search space's decrease. In order to overcome the prematurity and obtain better global optimization or quasi-global optimization,a new dual coding GA based on "species diversity retention" strategy and adaptive crossover and mutation probability are presented.展开更多
A novel phased array antenna consisting of 256 elements is presented and experimentally verified for 5G millimeter-wave wireless communications.The antenna integrated with a wave control circuit can perform real-time ...A novel phased array antenna consisting of 256 elements is presented and experimentally verified for 5G millimeter-wave wireless communications.The antenna integrated with a wave control circuit can perform real-time beam scanning by reconfiguring the phase of an antenna unit.The unit,designed at 28 GHz using a simple patch structure with one PIN diode,can be electronically controlled to generate 1 bit phase quantization.A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.The measurement results indicate that the antenna achieves high gain and fast beam-steering,with the scan beams within±60°range and the maximum gain up to 21.7 dBi.Furthermore,it is also tested for wireless video transmission.In ZTE Shanghai,the antenna was used for the 5G New Radio(NR)test.The error vector magnitude(EVM)is less than 3%and the adjacent channel leakage ratio(ACLR)less than−35 dBc,which can meet 5G system requirements.Compared with the conventional phased array antenna,the proposed phased array has the advantages of low power consumption,low cost and conformal geometry.Due to these characteristics,the antenna is promising for wide applications in 5G millimeter-wave communication systems.展开更多
In this work, we performed first-principles electromagnetic-kinetic simulations to study a phased antenna array and its interaction with deuterium plasmas within the lower hybrid range of frequency. We first gave wave...In this work, we performed first-principles electromagnetic-kinetic simulations to study a phased antenna array and its interaction with deuterium plasmas within the lower hybrid range of frequency. We first gave wave accessibility and resonance results, which agree well with theoretical prediction. In addition, we further investigated the antenna power spectrum with different antenna phases in the presence of the plasma and compared it with that in a vacuum,which directly indicates wave coupling and plasma absorption. Furthermore, for the case with zero phasing difference, our simulation results show that, albeit the launch is away from the accessibility region, tunneling effect and mode conversion occurred, which enhanced coupling and absorption. Moreover, consistent interactions between the injected wave and the plasma concerning various antenna phase differences are shown. We presented the inchoate response of the plasma in terms of the launching directions. Our results could be favorable for the engineering design of wave heating experiments with a tunable phased antenna array in linear devices, such as simple magnetic mirrors or tandem mirrors.展开更多
In this paper,we have proposed a novel structure of Ka-band based phased array antenna with calibration function.In the design of Kaband antenna,the active phased array system is adopted and the antenna would work in ...In this paper,we have proposed a novel structure of Ka-band based phased array antenna with calibration function.In the design of Kaband antenna,the active phased array system is adopted and the antenna would work in the dual polarization separation mode.We have given out the schematic diagram for the proposed Ka-band antenna,where the Kaband antenna is in the form of waveguide slot array antenna,with 96 units in azimuth and 1 unit in distance.Each group of units is driven by a singlechannel Transmitter/Receiver(T/R)component,and the whole array contains 192 T/R components in total.The size of the T/R component is 55mm(length)×50mm(width)×5.8mm(height),3 Sub-micro Sub-Miniature Push-on(SSMP)blind sockets and a 21-core low-frequency socket are designed on the two sides of the T/R component.In order to meet the technical specifications of phased array antenna,the Ka-band transceiver component is designed based on Low Temperatrue Co-fired Ceramic(LTCC)technology to achieve miniaturization and lightweight.In our approach,the feed network includes two parts:transceiver network and calibration network.The transceiver network consists of 241:8 time-delay power dividers,12 two-way power dividers and 2 six-way time-delay power dividers.The power supply required by theKaband antenna unit is provided to each active component by the power module after Ka band wavelet control distribution.Simulation and measurement results are given in the form of standing wave and scanning capability.展开更多
Aiming at the problem that a large number of array elements are needed for uniform arrays to meet the requirements of direction map,a sparse array pattern synthesis method is proposed in this paper based on the sparse...Aiming at the problem that a large number of array elements are needed for uniform arrays to meet the requirements of direction map,a sparse array pattern synthesis method is proposed in this paper based on the sparse sensing theory.First,the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP)algorithm and the Exact Augmented Lagrange Multiplier(EALM)algorithm were improved in the sparse sensing theory to obtain a more efficient Orthogonal Multi⁃Matching Pursuit(OMMP)algorithm and the Semi⁃Exact Augmented Lagrange Multiplier(SEALM)algorithm.Then,the two improved algorithms were applied to linear array and planar array pattern syntheses respectively.Results showed that the improved algorithms could achieve the required pattern with very few elements.Numerical simulations verified the effectiveness and superiority of the two synthetic methods.In addition,compared with the existing sparse array synthesis method,the proposed method was more robust and accurate,and could maintain the advantage of easy implementation.展开更多
Antennas are an indispensable element in wireless networks. For long-distance wireless communication, antenna gains need to be very strong (highly directive) because the signal from the antenna loses a lot of str...Antennas are an indispensable element in wireless networks. For long-distance wireless communication, antenna gains need to be very strong (highly directive) because the signal from the antenna loses a lot of strength as it travels over long distances. This is true in the military with missile, radar, and satellite systems, etc. Antenna arrays are commonly employed to focus electromagnetic waves in a certain direction that cannot be achieved perfectly with a single-element antenna. The goal of this study is to design a rectangular microstrip high-gain 2 × 1 array antenna using ADS Momentum. This microstrip patch array design makes use of the RT-DUROID 5880 as a substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2, substrate height of 1.588 mm, and tangent loss of 0.001. To achieve efficient gain and return loss characteristics for the proposed array antenna, RT-Duroid is a good choice of dielectric material. The designed array antenna is made up of two rectangular patches, which have a resonance frequency of 3.3 GHz. These rectangular patches are excited by microstrip feed lines with 13 mm lengths and 4.8 mm widths. The impedance of the patches is perfectly matched by these transmission lines, which helps to get better antenna characteristics. At a resonance frequency of 3.3 GHz, the suggested antenna array has a directivity of 10.50 dB and a maximum gain of 9.90 dB in the S-band. The S parameters, 3D radiation pattern, directivity, gain, and efficiency of the constructed array antenna are all available in ADS Momentum.展开更多
In order to make the coverage of the energy field emitted by the RFID reader in the file cabinet more uniform, a new antenna design scheme is proposed. The phased array antenna is used to adjust the radiation angle of...In order to make the coverage of the energy field emitted by the RFID reader in the file cabinet more uniform, a new antenna design scheme is proposed. The phased array antenna is used to adjust the radiation angle of the antenna in the static state. The antenna can operate at 800MHz-950MHz with a maximum gain of 9.5dBi, which increases the coverage rate of signals in the cabinet from 70% to 95%.展开更多
The advanced design of a 10 × 1 linear antenna array system with the capa-bility of frequency tunability using GT3-23001 liquid crystal (LC) is pro-posed. The design for this reconfigurable wideband antenna array...The advanced design of a 10 × 1 linear antenna array system with the capa-bility of frequency tunability using GT3-23001 liquid crystal (LC) is pro-posed. The design for this reconfigurable wideband antenna array for 5G ap-plications at Ka-band millimeter-wave (mmw) consists of a double layer of stacked patch antenna with aperture coupled feeding. The bias voltage over LC varies from 0 V to 10.6 V to achieve a frequency tunability of 1.18 GHz. The array operates from 25.3 GHz to 33.8 GHz with a peak gain of 19.2 dB and a beamwidth of 5.2<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> at 30 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable antenna ar-ray represents a real and efficient solution for the recent and future mmw 5G networks. The proposed antenna is suitable for 5G base stations in stadiums, malls and convention centers. It is proper for satellite communications and radars at mmw.展开更多
Radio antenna arrays have many advantages for astronomical observations,such as high resolution,high sensitivity,multi-target simultaneous observation,and flexible beam formation.Problems surrounding key indices,such ...Radio antenna arrays have many advantages for astronomical observations,such as high resolution,high sensitivity,multi-target simultaneous observation,and flexible beam formation.Problems surrounding key indices,such as sensitivity enhancement,scanning range extension,and sidelobe level suppression,need to be solved urgently.Here,we propose a sparse optimization scheme based on a genetic algorithm for a 64-array element planar radio antenna array.As optimization targets for the iterative process of the genetic algorithm,we use the maximum sidelobe levels and beamwidth of multiple cross-section patterns that pass through the main beam in three-dimensions,with the maximum sidelobe levels of the patterns at several different scanning angles.Element positions are adjusted for iterations,to select the optimal array configuration.Following sparse layout optimization,the simulated 64-element planar radio antenna array shows that the maximum sidelobe level decreases by 1.79 dB,and the beamwidth narrows by 3°.Within the scan range of±30°,after sparse array optimization,all sidelobe levels decrease,and all beamwidths narrow.This performance improvement can potentially enhance the sensitivity and spatial resolution of radio telescope systems.展开更多
Thinning of antenna arrays has been a popular topic for the last several decades.With increasing computational power,this optimization task acquired a new hue.This paper suggests a genetic algorithm as an instrument f...Thinning of antenna arrays has been a popular topic for the last several decades.With increasing computational power,this optimization task acquired a new hue.This paper suggests a genetic algorithm as an instrument for antenna array thinning.The algorithm with a deliberately chosen fitness function allows synthesizing thinned linear antenna arrays with low peak sidelobe level(SLL)while maintaining the half-power beamwidth(HPBW)of a full linear antenna array.Based on results from existing papers in the field and known approaches to antenna array thinning,a classification of thinning types is introduced.The optimal thinning type for a linear thinned antenna array is determined on the basis of a maximum attainable SLL.The effect of thinning coefficient on main directional pattern characteristics,such as peak SLL and HPBW,is discussed for a number of amplitude distributions.展开更多
In wideband noncooperative interference cancellation,the reference signals obtained through auxiliary antennas are weighted to cancel with the interference signal.The correlation between the reference signal and the i...In wideband noncooperative interference cancellation,the reference signals obtained through auxiliary antennas are weighted to cancel with the interference signal.The correlation between the reference signal and the interference signal determines interference cancellation performance,while the auxiliary antenna array affects the correlation by influencing the amplitude and phase of the reference signals.This paper analyzes the effect of auxiliary antenna array on multiple performances of wideband noncooperative interference cancellation.Firstly,the array received signal model of wideband interference is established,and the weight vector coupled with the auxiliary antennas array manifold is solved by spectral analysis and eigen-subspace decomposition.Then,multiple performances which include cancellation resolution,grating null,wideband interference cancellation ratio(ICR),and convergence rate are quantitatively characterized with the auxiliary antenna array.It is obtained through analysis that the performances mutually restrict the auxiliary antenna array.Higher cancellation resolution requires larger array aperture,but when the number of auxiliary antennas is fixed,larger array aperture results in more grating nulls.When the auxiliary antennas are closer to the main antenna,the wideband ICR is improved,but the convergence rate is reduced.The conclusions are verified through simulation of one-dimensional uniform array and two-dimensional nonuniform array.The experiments of three arrays are compared,and the results conform well with simulation and support the theoretical analysis.展开更多
The growing demand for deployable phased-array antennas in space applications requires innovative solutions to optimize the folded configurations and reduce the computational complexity.Existing methods face limitatio...The growing demand for deployable phased-array antennas in space applications requires innovative solutions to optimize the folded configurations and reduce the computational complexity.Existing methods face limitations due to the low efficiency of traditional algorithms and the lack of effective constraint strategies,resulting in excessive solution spaces.This study proposes forward shannon entropy wave function collapse(FSE-WFC),a novel method for designing panel configurations of one-dimensional deployable phased-array antennas using the wave function collapse algorithm.This addresses two key challenges:the excessive number of panel layout options and high computational costs.First,it analyzes the relationship between the panel connection positions and the folded form to impose constraints on the panel combinations.It then calculates the information entropy of the potential configurations to identify low-entropy solutions,thereby narrowing the solution space.Finally,boundary constraints and interference check were applied to refine the results.This approach significantly reduced the calculation time while improving the folding state and envelope volume of the antenna.The results show that the FSE-WFC algorithm reduces the envelope area by 18.3%for a 350 mm high satellite and 9.0%for a 600 mm high satellite,while satisfying the connectivity constraints.As the first application of the wave-function collapse algorithm to antenna folding design,this study introduces an information entropy-based constraint generation method that provides an efficient solution for deployable antenna optimization.展开更多
Circularly polarized antennas are used in communications between ground stations and satellites to achieve reliable communication links.The right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization are two ...Circularly polarized antennas are used in communications between ground stations and satellites to achieve reliable communication links.The right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization are two types of circular polarization in satellite communications,they are used to support uplink and downlink communications.Circularly polarized antennas are used also in radar system for target detection,tracking and identification.The“three-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna”is designed to produce left-handed circular polarization,make its size compact,make its bandwidth wider than 3.7-4.2GHz and achieve high gain.Circular polarization element antenna and three-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna are designed and simulated in software HFSS,and the circular polarization element antenna is manufactured and tested in anechoic chamber.For circular polarization element antenna and three-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna,the study analyzed these parameters:AR,S(1,1),VSWR,bandwidth,normalized impedance,gain and realized gain,radiation efficiency.After optimized,the study get the required results of them.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62371080 and 62031006)the National Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0597)the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees,China(No.cx2022063)。
文摘This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.
基金supported by Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC(BUPT)(No.IPOC2021ZT16),China.
文摘The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62401168,62401139,62401170)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023MD744197)+2 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20230631)Project for Enhancing Young and Middle-aged Teacher’s Research Basis Ability in Colleges of Guangxi(No.2023KY0218)Guangxi Key Laboratory Foundation of Optoelectronic Information Processing(No.GD23102)。
文摘A programmable low-profile array antenna based on nematic liquid crystals(NLCs)is proposed.Each antenna unit comprises a square patch radiating structure and a tunable NLC-based phase shifter capable of achieving a phase shift exceeding 360°with high linearity.First,the above 64 antenna units are periodically arranged into an 8×8 NLC-based antenna array,and the bias voltage of the NLC-based phase shifter loaded on the antenna unit is adjusted through the control of the field-programmable gate array(FPGA)programming sequences.This configuration enables precise phase changes for all 64 channels.Numerical simulation,sample processing,and experimental measurements of the antenna array are conducted to validate the performance of the antenna.The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna performs well within the frequency range of 19.5-20.5 GHz,with a 3 dB relative bandwidth of 10%and a maximum main lobe gain of 14.1 dBi.A maximum scanning angle of±34°is achieved through the adjustment of the FPGA programming sequence.This NLC-based programmable array antenna shows promising potential for applications in satellite communication.
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50805111)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(SJ08E_203.)
文摘The influence of the distorted plane of the active phased array antenna on the electromagnetic performance is of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. On the bent and bowl-shape distortion, the model is established of the relationship between the electromagnetic performance and the position error of the radiated elements. The method is presented of analyzing the far-field pattern of the distorted rectangular active phased array antenna. The analysis results of a planar phased array antenna with different distortions grades prove the validity of the model. Therefore, by the method, the antenna designers may set the reasonable requirement on the structural tolerance in manufacturing antenna.
文摘With regard to problems in conventional synthetic aperture radar （SAR）, such as imaging distortion, beam limitation and failure in acquiring three-dimensional （3-D） information, a downward-looking 3-D imaging method based on frequency modulated continuous wave （FMCW） and digital beamforming （DBF） technology for airborne SAR is presented in this study. Downward-looking 3-D SAR signal model is established first, followed by introduction of virtual antenna optimization factor and discussion of equivalent-phase-center compensation. Then, compensation method is provided according to reside video phase （RVP） and slope term for FMCW SAR. As multiple receiving antennas are applied to downward-looking 3-D imaging SAR, range cell migration correction （RCMC） turns to be more complex, and corrective measures are proposed. In addition, DBF technology is applied in realizing cross-track resolution. Finally, to validate the proposed method, magnitude of slice, peak sidelobe ratio （PSLR）, integrated sidelobe ratio （ISLR） and two-dimensional （2-D） contour plot of impulse response function （IRF） of point target in three dimensions are demonstrated. Satisfactory performances are shown by simulation results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60901055)
文摘This paper studies the effect of amplitude-phase errors on the antenna performance. Via builting on a worst-case error tolerance model, a simple and practical worst error tolerance analysis based on the chaos-genetic algorithm （CGA） is proposed. The proposed method utilizes chaos to optimize initial population for the genetic algorithm （GA） and introduces chaotic disturbance into the genetic mutation, thereby improving the ability of the GA to search for the global optimum. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the accuracy and stability of the worst-case analysis of the proposed approach are superior to the GA. And the proposed algorithm can be used easily for the error tolerant design of antenna arrays.
基金the Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.E2016202341)the Research Project of Science and Technology for Hebei Province Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.BJ2014013)。
文摘Due to the shortcomings such as the premature convergence and the bad local optimal searching capability in traditional intelligence methods for pattern synthesis,a new type of wolf pack algorithm named Levy⁃Cultural Wolf Pack Algorithm(LCWPA)was designed on the basis of the Cultural Wolf Pack Algorithm(CWPA),which obeys the selective Levy flight.Because of the good overall management ability provided by the cultural algorithm in optimization process and the characteristics of excellent population diversity brought by Levy flight,the search efficiency of the new algorithm was greatly improved.When the algorithm was applied in the pattern synthesis of array antenna,the simulation results showed its high performance with multi⁃null and low side⁃lobe restrictions.In addition,the algorithm was superior to the Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization(QPSO),Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),and Genetic Algorithm(GA)in optimization accuracy and operation speed,and is of very good generalization.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60572095)Research Foundation for Doctors of ZZULI
文摘To gain the tradeoff between lower sidelobe and higher power amplifiers efficiency,a transmitting beam shaping scheme with limited amplitude weight values for satellite active phased array antenna is presented. The scheme is implemented by a dual coding genetic algorithm(GA). Phase and amplitude of array weight vectors for beam shaping are encoded by real coding and finite length binary coding,respectively,which,maintaining accuracy of results,reduces the amplitude dynamic range and improves the efficiency of power amplifiers. The presented algorithm,compared with complex-coded GA,increases the convergence rate due to the search space's decrease. In order to overcome the prematurity and obtain better global optimization or quasi-global optimization,a new dual coding GA based on "species diversity retention" strategy and adaptive crossover and mutation probability are presented.
文摘A novel phased array antenna consisting of 256 elements is presented and experimentally verified for 5G millimeter-wave wireless communications.The antenna integrated with a wave control circuit can perform real-time beam scanning by reconfiguring the phase of an antenna unit.The unit,designed at 28 GHz using a simple patch structure with one PIN diode,can be electronically controlled to generate 1 bit phase quantization.A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.The measurement results indicate that the antenna achieves high gain and fast beam-steering,with the scan beams within±60°range and the maximum gain up to 21.7 dBi.Furthermore,it is also tested for wireless video transmission.In ZTE Shanghai,the antenna was used for the 5G New Radio(NR)test.The error vector magnitude(EVM)is less than 3%and the adjacent channel leakage ratio(ACLR)less than−35 dBc,which can meet 5G system requirements.Compared with the conventional phased array antenna,the proposed phased array has the advantages of low power consumption,low cost and conformal geometry.Due to these characteristics,the antenna is promising for wide applications in 5G millimeter-wave communication systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFE0301802)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11905220, 11775219 and 12175226)。
文摘In this work, we performed first-principles electromagnetic-kinetic simulations to study a phased antenna array and its interaction with deuterium plasmas within the lower hybrid range of frequency. We first gave wave accessibility and resonance results, which agree well with theoretical prediction. In addition, we further investigated the antenna power spectrum with different antenna phases in the presence of the plasma and compared it with that in a vacuum,which directly indicates wave coupling and plasma absorption. Furthermore, for the case with zero phasing difference, our simulation results show that, albeit the launch is away from the accessibility region, tunneling effect and mode conversion occurred, which enhanced coupling and absorption. Moreover, consistent interactions between the injected wave and the plasma concerning various antenna phase differences are shown. We presented the inchoate response of the plasma in terms of the launching directions. Our results could be favorable for the engineering design of wave heating experiments with a tunable phased antenna array in linear devices, such as simple magnetic mirrors or tandem mirrors.
文摘In this paper,we have proposed a novel structure of Ka-band based phased array antenna with calibration function.In the design of Kaband antenna,the active phased array system is adopted and the antenna would work in the dual polarization separation mode.We have given out the schematic diagram for the proposed Ka-band antenna,where the Kaband antenna is in the form of waveguide slot array antenna,with 96 units in azimuth and 1 unit in distance.Each group of units is driven by a singlechannel Transmitter/Receiver(T/R)component,and the whole array contains 192 T/R components in total.The size of the T/R component is 55mm(length)×50mm(width)×5.8mm(height),3 Sub-micro Sub-Miniature Push-on(SSMP)blind sockets and a 21-core low-frequency socket are designed on the two sides of the T/R component.In order to meet the technical specifications of phased array antenna,the Ka-band transceiver component is designed based on Low Temperatrue Co-fired Ceramic(LTCC)technology to achieve miniaturization and lightweight.In our approach,the feed network includes two parts:transceiver network and calibration network.The transceiver network consists of 241:8 time-delay power dividers,12 two-way power dividers and 2 six-way time-delay power dividers.The power supply required by theKaband antenna unit is provided to each active component by the power module after Ka band wavelet control distribution.Simulation and measurement results are given in the form of standing wave and scanning capability.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1813222)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.18JCYBJC16500)+1 种基金the Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.E2016202341)the Research Project on Graduate Training in Hebei University of Technology(Grant No.201801Y006).
文摘Aiming at the problem that a large number of array elements are needed for uniform arrays to meet the requirements of direction map,a sparse array pattern synthesis method is proposed in this paper based on the sparse sensing theory.First,the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP)algorithm and the Exact Augmented Lagrange Multiplier(EALM)algorithm were improved in the sparse sensing theory to obtain a more efficient Orthogonal Multi⁃Matching Pursuit(OMMP)algorithm and the Semi⁃Exact Augmented Lagrange Multiplier(SEALM)algorithm.Then,the two improved algorithms were applied to linear array and planar array pattern syntheses respectively.Results showed that the improved algorithms could achieve the required pattern with very few elements.Numerical simulations verified the effectiveness and superiority of the two synthetic methods.In addition,compared with the existing sparse array synthesis method,the proposed method was more robust and accurate,and could maintain the advantage of easy implementation.
文摘Antennas are an indispensable element in wireless networks. For long-distance wireless communication, antenna gains need to be very strong (highly directive) because the signal from the antenna loses a lot of strength as it travels over long distances. This is true in the military with missile, radar, and satellite systems, etc. Antenna arrays are commonly employed to focus electromagnetic waves in a certain direction that cannot be achieved perfectly with a single-element antenna. The goal of this study is to design a rectangular microstrip high-gain 2 × 1 array antenna using ADS Momentum. This microstrip patch array design makes use of the RT-DUROID 5880 as a substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2, substrate height of 1.588 mm, and tangent loss of 0.001. To achieve efficient gain and return loss characteristics for the proposed array antenna, RT-Duroid is a good choice of dielectric material. The designed array antenna is made up of two rectangular patches, which have a resonance frequency of 3.3 GHz. These rectangular patches are excited by microstrip feed lines with 13 mm lengths and 4.8 mm widths. The impedance of the patches is perfectly matched by these transmission lines, which helps to get better antenna characteristics. At a resonance frequency of 3.3 GHz, the suggested antenna array has a directivity of 10.50 dB and a maximum gain of 9.90 dB in the S-band. The S parameters, 3D radiation pattern, directivity, gain, and efficiency of the constructed array antenna are all available in ADS Momentum.
文摘In order to make the coverage of the energy field emitted by the RFID reader in the file cabinet more uniform, a new antenna design scheme is proposed. The phased array antenna is used to adjust the radiation angle of the antenna in the static state. The antenna can operate at 800MHz-950MHz with a maximum gain of 9.5dBi, which increases the coverage rate of signals in the cabinet from 70% to 95%.
文摘The advanced design of a 10 × 1 linear antenna array system with the capa-bility of frequency tunability using GT3-23001 liquid crystal (LC) is pro-posed. The design for this reconfigurable wideband antenna array for 5G ap-plications at Ka-band millimeter-wave (mmw) consists of a double layer of stacked patch antenna with aperture coupled feeding. The bias voltage over LC varies from 0 V to 10.6 V to achieve a frequency tunability of 1.18 GHz. The array operates from 25.3 GHz to 33.8 GHz with a peak gain of 19.2 dB and a beamwidth of 5.2<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> at 30 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable antenna ar-ray represents a real and efficient solution for the recent and future mmw 5G networks. The proposed antenna is suitable for 5G base stations in stadiums, malls and convention centers. It is proper for satellite communications and radars at mmw.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology SKA Special Project(2020SKA0110202)the Special Project on Building a Science and Technology Innovation Center for South and Southeast Asia–International Joint Innovation Platform in Yunnan Province:"Yunnan Sino-Malaysian International Joint Laboratory of HF-VHF Advanced Radio Astronomy Technology"(202303AP140003)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Joint Fund for Astronomy (JFA) incubator program (U2031133)the International Partnership Program Project of the International Cooperation Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences:"Belt and Road"Cooperation (114A11KYSB20200001)the Kunming Foreign (International) Cooperation Base Program:"Yunnan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Malaya Joint R&D Cooperation Base for Advanced Radio Astronomy Technology"(GHJD-2021022)the China-Malaysia Collaborative Research on Space Remote Sensing and Radio Astronomy Observation of Space Weather at Low and Middle Latitudes under the Key Special Project of the State Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology for International Cooperation in Science,Technology and Innovation among Governments (2022YFE0140000)the High-precision calibration method for low-frequency radio interferometric arrays for the SKA project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2020SKA0110300).
文摘Radio antenna arrays have many advantages for astronomical observations,such as high resolution,high sensitivity,multi-target simultaneous observation,and flexible beam formation.Problems surrounding key indices,such as sensitivity enhancement,scanning range extension,and sidelobe level suppression,need to be solved urgently.Here,we propose a sparse optimization scheme based on a genetic algorithm for a 64-array element planar radio antenna array.As optimization targets for the iterative process of the genetic algorithm,we use the maximum sidelobe levels and beamwidth of multiple cross-section patterns that pass through the main beam in three-dimensions,with the maximum sidelobe levels of the patterns at several different scanning angles.Element positions are adjusted for iterations,to select the optimal array configuration.Following sparse layout optimization,the simulated 64-element planar radio antenna array shows that the maximum sidelobe level decreases by 1.79 dB,and the beamwidth narrows by 3°.Within the scan range of±30°,after sparse array optimization,all sidelobe levels decrease,and all beamwidths narrow.This performance improvement can potentially enhance the sensitivity and spatial resolution of radio telescope systems.
文摘Thinning of antenna arrays has been a popular topic for the last several decades.With increasing computational power,this optimization task acquired a new hue.This paper suggests a genetic algorithm as an instrument for antenna array thinning.The algorithm with a deliberately chosen fitness function allows synthesizing thinned linear antenna arrays with low peak sidelobe level(SLL)while maintaining the half-power beamwidth(HPBW)of a full linear antenna array.Based on results from existing papers in the field and known approaches to antenna array thinning,a classification of thinning types is introduced.The optimal thinning type for a linear thinned antenna array is determined on the basis of a maximum attainable SLL.The effect of thinning coefficient on main directional pattern characteristics,such as peak SLL and HPBW,is discussed for a number of amplitude distributions.
基金supported by the National Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52025072)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52177012)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology(614221722051301).
文摘In wideband noncooperative interference cancellation,the reference signals obtained through auxiliary antennas are weighted to cancel with the interference signal.The correlation between the reference signal and the interference signal determines interference cancellation performance,while the auxiliary antenna array affects the correlation by influencing the amplitude and phase of the reference signals.This paper analyzes the effect of auxiliary antenna array on multiple performances of wideband noncooperative interference cancellation.Firstly,the array received signal model of wideband interference is established,and the weight vector coupled with the auxiliary antennas array manifold is solved by spectral analysis and eigen-subspace decomposition.Then,multiple performances which include cancellation resolution,grating null,wideband interference cancellation ratio(ICR),and convergence rate are quantitatively characterized with the auxiliary antenna array.It is obtained through analysis that the performances mutually restrict the auxiliary antenna array.Higher cancellation resolution requires larger array aperture,but when the number of auxiliary antennas is fixed,larger array aperture results in more grating nulls.When the auxiliary antennas are closer to the main antenna,the wideband ICR is improved,but the convergence rate is reduced.The conclusions are verified through simulation of one-dimensional uniform array and two-dimensional nonuniform array.The experiments of three arrays are compared,and the results conform well with simulation and support the theoretical analysis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52105035,62203094)Special Central Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development(Grant No.236Z1801G)+2 种基金Higher Education Youth Top Talent Project of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.BJK2024042)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Grant Nos.E2021203109,F2023501021)Graduate Student Innovation Capability Training and Support Project of Hebei Province(Grant No.CXZZBS2024053).
文摘The growing demand for deployable phased-array antennas in space applications requires innovative solutions to optimize the folded configurations and reduce the computational complexity.Existing methods face limitations due to the low efficiency of traditional algorithms and the lack of effective constraint strategies,resulting in excessive solution spaces.This study proposes forward shannon entropy wave function collapse(FSE-WFC),a novel method for designing panel configurations of one-dimensional deployable phased-array antennas using the wave function collapse algorithm.This addresses two key challenges:the excessive number of panel layout options and high computational costs.First,it analyzes the relationship between the panel connection positions and the folded form to impose constraints on the panel combinations.It then calculates the information entropy of the potential configurations to identify low-entropy solutions,thereby narrowing the solution space.Finally,boundary constraints and interference check were applied to refine the results.This approach significantly reduced the calculation time while improving the folding state and envelope volume of the antenna.The results show that the FSE-WFC algorithm reduces the envelope area by 18.3%for a 350 mm high satellite and 9.0%for a 600 mm high satellite,while satisfying the connectivity constraints.As the first application of the wave-function collapse algorithm to antenna folding design,this study introduces an information entropy-based constraint generation method that provides an efficient solution for deployable antenna optimization.
文摘Circularly polarized antennas are used in communications between ground stations and satellites to achieve reliable communication links.The right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization are two types of circular polarization in satellite communications,they are used to support uplink and downlink communications.Circularly polarized antennas are used also in radar system for target detection,tracking and identification.The“three-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna”is designed to produce left-handed circular polarization,make its size compact,make its bandwidth wider than 3.7-4.2GHz and achieve high gain.Circular polarization element antenna and three-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna are designed and simulated in software HFSS,and the circular polarization element antenna is manufactured and tested in anechoic chamber.For circular polarization element antenna and three-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna,the study analyzed these parameters:AR,S(1,1),VSWR,bandwidth,normalized impedance,gain and realized gain,radiation efficiency.After optimized,the study get the required results of them.
