Recently,uniform circular array(UCA)based orbital angular momentum(OAM)beam steering schemes have been proposed to overcome the limitations of coaxial transmission.Unlike the traditional multiple-input-multiple-output...Recently,uniform circular array(UCA)based orbital angular momentum(OAM)beam steering schemes have been proposed to overcome the limitations of coaxial transmission.Unlike the traditional multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)beam steering,OAM beam steering includes both the OAM generation and the beam steering.Generally,the true time delay(TTD)or the phase shifter(PS)are required for beam steering in the radio domain.Previous studies suggest that TTD is preferred for wideband MIMO beam steering to avoid beam squint caused by PS.However,in this paper,we theoretically prove that to generate the OAM beam ideally,PS should be used,while TTD deteriorates the mode orthogonality,which is influenced by the relative bandwidth.Once the ideal OAM beam is generated,TTD is required to prevent beam squint.Based on this analysis,we propose to use the two-stage phase-shifting(TSPS)architecture for OAM beam steering:PS for OAM generation and TTD for beam steering.Simulation results suggest that compared to the spectrum efficiency(SE)of PS based OAM communication,the SE based on the TTD significantly declines as the relative bandwidth increases.Furthermore,OAM beam steering using the TSPS architecture greatly outperforms systems that adopt a single TTD or PS network.展开更多
The ability to noninvasively manipulate and isolate specific cell populations in vivo is critical for advancing real-time diagnostics,precision medicine,and immunological research.Here,we present a novel and broadly a...The ability to noninvasively manipulate and isolate specific cell populations in vivo is critical for advancing real-time diagnostics,precision medicine,and immunological research.Here,we present a novel and broadly applicable optical trapping system based on a custom-designed 2×3 optical tweezer array,which enables the real-time interception and manipulation of circulating leukocytes in live animals.By utilizing intrinsic velocity differences between leukocytes and red blood cells,the system achieves stable trapping of individual leukocytes in vessels 15-20μm in diameter and decelerates multiple cells in vessels greater than 20μm.Notably,it also enables the optical blockage of lymphatic vessels exceeding 50μm,a previously unreported capability.This label-free,noninvasive approach operates without repeated blood draws and is compatible with diverse vessel geometries and flow dynamics.The system offers a generalizable solution for in vivo cell extraction and analysis,paving the way for high-precision single-cell technologies in biomedical research and clinical translation.展开更多
The estimation of the Number of Sources(NoS)is a significant challenge in signal processing,particularly due to the impact of colored noise on the performance of NoS estimation.This paper proposes a Multidimensional F...The estimation of the Number of Sources(NoS)is a significant challenge in signal processing,particularly due to the impact of colored noise on the performance of NoS estimation.This paper proposes a Multidimensional Feature Network(MFNet)which is designed for NoS estimation by extracting features of the sampled received signals and Sampled Covariance Matrix(SCM).The MFNet treats the raw signal and the SCM as two different types of data,and is able to achieve NoS estimation under colored noise and imperfect array.MFNet employs the Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)to capture sequential information from the original signal data and to construct the Pseudo Covariance Matrix(PCM).Subsequently,various dimensional features,including eigenvalues and the Gerschgorin disk radius,are extracted from both the PCM and SCM,which are then jointly input into the subsequent network.An overall accuracy of 82%can be achieved after network training.The ablation experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of multiple inputs.And simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFNet achieves higher estimation accuracy compared to existing algorithms and exhibits greater robustness against colored noise.展开更多
High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) arrays have emerged as essential genotyping tools,significantly accelerating breeding programs and advancing basic research.In this study,a high-throughput 10K SNP g...High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) arrays have emerged as essential genotyping tools,significantly accelerating breeding programs and advancing basic research.In this study,a high-throughput 10K SNP genotyping array for wax gourd was developed using genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS),featuring 10,722 SNPs evenly distributed across all 12 chromosomes,including 278 functional loci associated with key economic traits.To demonstrate its utility,genetic distances among 19 elite inbred lines were calculated from SNP data and correlated with heterosis for single fruit weight.The results revealed that greater genetic distance was associated with higher middle parent heterosis(MPH) for single fruit weight.Furthermore,56 commercial wax gourd cultivars collected from eight regions were selected and genotyped.Population structure analysis,phylogenetic analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA) collectively indicated that these cultivars fall into two major groups.Group I,comprising black or dark green skinned wax gourds,exhibited lower genetic diversity than Group II,which includes green or light green skinned varieties,reflecting shorter genetic distances within Group I.Finally,60 polymorphic SNPs were used to construct DNA fingerprints for distinguishing the 56 cultivars.As the first high-throughput genotyping platform for wax gourd,this SNP array provides an effective and powerful tool for genetic analysis.展开更多
Systematic understanding of the interaction between cells and their microenvironment is of wide interest.To investigate this interaction,a flexible micropillar array device integrating dual functions of cell behavior ...Systematic understanding of the interaction between cells and their microenvironment is of wide interest.To investigate this interaction,a flexible micropillar array device integrating dual functions of cell behavior regulation and adhesion measurement is developed.Micropillar arrays with high and low densities are designed to explore the role of substrate topography in the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.In addition,a method is established for quantifying weak cell adhesion forces on the basis of micropillar deflections.The results show that cell cytoplasmic adhesion is greater on a low-density micropillar array than that on a high-density array and is localized mainly in the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm rather than in pseudopods.It is also found that the micropillar array topography facilitates the oriented spreading of cell morphology and pseudopod formation,and a reduction in focal adhesion aggregation and F-actin polarization compared with a flat substrate.Notably,cells cultured on a low-density micropillar array exhibited a higher number of pseudopods,stronger adhesion forces,and greater stiffness compared with those on a high-density array.In summary,this work employs an adhesion force sensor,immunofluorescence staining,and atomic force microscopy to investigate the mechanical properties of cells and elucidate the mechanisms by which micropillar topographical cues regulate the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to the substrate.The micropillar array force sensor developed in this study provides an effective tool for simultaneously modulating cell behavior and quantifying adhesion forces,offering valuable insights for biomechanical research.展开更多
Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations...Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.展开更多
Flexible pressure sensors are widely used in fields such as healthcare,owing to their simple preparation method,abundant raw materials,and high sensitivity.To solve the problems of low sensitivity and high noise impac...Flexible pressure sensors are widely used in fields such as healthcare,owing to their simple preparation method,abundant raw materials,and high sensitivity.To solve the problems of low sensitivity and high noise impact that arise with traditional capacitive pressure sensors,this paper proposes an electrical double layer microarray capacitive pressure sensor using silver nanowires(AgNW)and ionic liquids.AgNW/polyimide(PI)flexible electrodes and microarray-structured ionic liquids are utilized to obtain highly sensitive responses to changes in weak physiological signals.The microarray structure is a 20×20 quadrangular prism convex array.Experimental tests show that the sensor has high sensitivity(3.1202 kPa^(−1),0–800 kPa)and fast response/recovery times(100/100 ms).By flexibly attaching the sensor to the skin or a computer mouse,rapid and stable monitoring of micromovements such as facial muscles,vocalization,swallowing,finger joint activity,and mouse clicks can be achieved.The results obtained here are of value for the development of intelligent flexible electronics.展开更多
Addressing the critical detection range limitation in active electrosensing(AES)for underwater sensing,this study proposes an enhanced AES system via novel array optimization.While AES offers advantages like interfere...Addressing the critical detection range limitation in active electrosensing(AES)for underwater sensing,this study proposes an enhanced AES system via novel array optimization.While AES offers advantages like interference immunity,acoustic stealth detection,and low cost,its short range restricts applicability.A target perturbation model under differential signal acquisition reveals that signal strength increases with local electric field intensity,target size,differential channel spacing,and conductivity contrast,but decreases with target-electrode distance.To extend detection,novel array configurations were explored.Simulations demonstrate that both rectangular and offset arrays significantly outperform the traditional collinear layout.Specifically,an offset array(with 8 m transmitting–receiving spacing)achieved an effective detection range enhancement exceeding 83%under the same distortion threshold while maintaining simplified electrode structure.Experimental validation confirmed a 100%increase in maximum detection distance to 5 m under identical noise thresholds compared to the collinear array.Furthermore,a fully connected neural network-based localization model achieved a mean positioning error of 14.12 cm at 3.15 m in static scenarios.In dynamic scenarios within 1–3 m,mean errors were controlled between 13.19 cm and 27.56 cm.Mechanistic analysis indicates that increasing the array baseline enhances the signal-to-noise ratio by simultaneously suppressing near-field environmental noise and amplifying far-field signal reception.Structural innovations in array design enabled this study to significantly expand the detection range of AES systems without compromising cost efficiency.These advancements directly promote the engineering application of AES technology,offering critical technical support for underwater defense security monitoring,long-range early warning systems,and maritime rights protection.展开更多
Reconfigurable array architecture has become an important hardware platform for edge-side deployment of convolutional neural networks due to their high parallelism and flexible programmability.However,traditional mult...Reconfigurable array architecture has become an important hardware platform for edge-side deployment of convolutional neural networks due to their high parallelism and flexible programmability.However,traditional multi-branch convolutional networks suffer from computational redundancy,high memory access overhead,and inefficient branch fusion.Therefore,this paper proposes an adaptive multi-branch convolutional module(AMBC)that integrates software-hardware co-optimization.During training,the learnable fusion coefficients are introduced to enable adaptive fusion of multi-scale features,while in the inference phase,the multiple branches and their normalization parameters are merged with the fusion coefficients into a single 3×3 convolutional kernel through operator fusion.On the SIREA-288 reconfigurable platform,compared with unoptimized multi-branch networks,the proposed AMBC reduces external memory accesses by 47.91%and inference latency by 47.20%,achieving a 1.90×speedup.This approach maximizes the utilization of the reconfigurable logic while minimizing both reconfiguration and data-movement overheads in edge inference.展开更多
In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved cerami...In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved ceramic substrate,and laser sintering and microdroplet spraying processes are used to add the conductive metal on the curved substrate.The problems of gain loss,bandwidth reduction,and frequency shift caused by high temperatures are addressed by using a proper antenna design,with parasitic patches,slots,and metal resonant cavities.The antenna prototype is characterized by the curved substrates and the conductive metals for the power dividers,the patch,and the ground plane;its performance is examined up to a temperature of 600℃in a muffle furnace and compared with the results from the numerical analysis.The results show that the antenna can effectively function at 600℃and even higher temperatures.展开更多
The Haicheng region,Liaoning,China,likely hosts a conjugate fault system comprising the NW-trending Haichenghe fault and NE-trending secondary faults.On February 4,1975,at 19:36 CST,an earthquake of M_(S)7.3 and inten...The Haicheng region,Liaoning,China,likely hosts a conjugate fault system comprising the NW-trending Haichenghe fault and NE-trending secondary faults.On February 4,1975,at 19:36 CST,an earthquake of M_(S)7.3 and intensity(MMI)IX hit the city of Haicheng,Liaoning,China.Although deep seismic profiling was previously conducted along the Haichenghe fault,the limited horizontal resolution in the shallow part prevented the recognition of kilometer-scale anomalies.The velocity structure characteristics of the Haichenghe fault and its NE-trending conjugate faults remain unclear.Using the extended range phase shift method,the high-resolution S-wave velocity structures are obtained by deploying a long,dense linear array of 55 short-period seismometers across the fault and NE-trending conjugate faults.The array length was 32 km and inter-station spacing was approximately 600 m,facilitating the collection of approximately 22 days of continuous waveform data.Employing the Extended Range Phase Shift(ERPS)method enabled the extraction of broadband 0.2–5 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves.The broadband dispersion data were used for inversion of the high-resolution S-wave velocity structure to a depth of 8 km from the surface.The velocity structure characteristics and seismicity of the Haichenghe fault and NE-trending conjugate faults were analyzed and compared with nearby fault gas measurements.Results show(1)shallow S-wave velocities show a low-high-low horizontal distribution,corresponding to basin-uplift-basin topography;(2)significant velocity contrasts occur across the Haichenghe fault:its SW segment(0–17 km)exhibits high velocities consistent with Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement(Pt_(1)),while the NE segment(17–32 km)shows low velocities related to Yanshanian intrusions(γ_(5))and Quaternary sediments.NE-trending conjugate faults display sharp velocity gradients marking fracture locations,with all faults being near-vertical to~8 km depth;(3)seismicity at 1–6 km depth mainly clusters in high-velocity zones;at 6–8 km depth,it concentrates beneath the Haichenghe fault in low-velocity areas and along NE-trending faults;(4)the seismic activity characteristics and fault zone width of the Haicheng he fault reflected by velocity imaging results are basically consistent with those obtained by the fault gas measurement method.展开更多
It is of great scientific significance to construct a 3D dynamic structural color with a special color effect based on the microlens array.However,the problems of imperfect mechanisms and poor color quality need to be...It is of great scientific significance to construct a 3D dynamic structural color with a special color effect based on the microlens array.However,the problems of imperfect mechanisms and poor color quality need to be solved.A method of 3D structural color turning on periodic metasurfaces fabricated by the microlens array and self-assembly technology was proposed in this study.In the experiment,Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)flexible film was used as a substrate,and SiO2 microspheres were scraped into grooves of the PDMS film to form 3D photonic crystal structures.By adjusting the number of blade-coated times and microsphere concentrations,high-saturation structural color micropatterns were obtained.These films were then matched with microlens arrays to produce dynamic graphics with iridescent effects.The results showed that by blade-coated two times and SiO2 microsphere concentrations of 50%are the best conditions.This method demonstrates the potential for being widely applied in the anticounterfeiting printing and ultra-high-resolution display.展开更多
Interference significantly impacts the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),highlighting the need for advanced interference localization technology to bolster anti-interference and defense capa...Interference significantly impacts the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),highlighting the need for advanced interference localization technology to bolster anti-interference and defense capabilities.The Uniform Circular Array(UCA)enables concurrent estimation of the Direction of Arrival(DOA)in both azimuth and elevation.Given the paramount importance of stability and real-time performance in interference localization,this work proposes an innovative approach to reduce the complexity and increase the robustness of the DOA estimation.The proposed method reduces computational complexity by selecting a reduced number of array elements to reconstruct a non-uniform sparse array from a UCA.To ensure DOA estimation accuracy,minimizing the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB)is the objective,and the Spatial Correlation Coefficient(SCC)is incorporated as a constraint to mitigate side-lobe.The optimization model is a quadratic fractional model,which is solved by Semi-Definite Relaxation(SDR).When the array has perturbations,the mathematical expressions for CRB and SCC are re-derived to enhance the robustness of the reconstructed array.Simulation and hardware experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating interference DOA,showing high robustness and reductions in hardware and computational costs associated with DOA estimation.展开更多
The field of disease smelling diagnosis has experienced a major breakthrough with the development of the electronic nose(E-nose)that utilizes thiol-capped gold nanoparticles(GNPs).This study focuses on overcoming the ...The field of disease smelling diagnosis has experienced a major breakthrough with the development of the electronic nose(E-nose)that utilizes thiol-capped gold nanoparticles(GNPs).This study focuses on overcoming the challenges of sensors to detect VOCs stably confounding with interferents of humidity and pressure,and clarifying their essential mechanism.An innovative and straightforward method for synthesizing GNPs and modifying their surface has been developed.This unique approach deviates from the conventional Brust method by completely removing any traces of tetraoctylammonium bromide(TOAB),ensuring reproducibility and simplicity of use.This modification enhances the sensor's responsiveness to both polar and non-polar VOCs,as well as strengthen selectivity and anti-interferant capabilities.The mechanism of generating sensing cross-talk from TOAB residue is proposed through rigorous sensing experiments,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results,and theoretical analysis.Thus,this study enhances the responsiveness of the sensor to both polar and non-polar VOCs,while also strengthening its selectivity and anti-interferent capabilities.This could potentially revolutionize the practical applications of E-nose in smelling diagnosis.展开更多
The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled p...The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.展开更多
This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground commu...This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.展开更多
基金Shanghai 20246G Technology Innovation and Future Industry Development Project under grant 24DP1501204。
文摘Recently,uniform circular array(UCA)based orbital angular momentum(OAM)beam steering schemes have been proposed to overcome the limitations of coaxial transmission.Unlike the traditional multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)beam steering,OAM beam steering includes both the OAM generation and the beam steering.Generally,the true time delay(TTD)or the phase shifter(PS)are required for beam steering in the radio domain.Previous studies suggest that TTD is preferred for wideband MIMO beam steering to avoid beam squint caused by PS.However,in this paper,we theoretically prove that to generate the OAM beam ideally,PS should be used,while TTD deteriorates the mode orthogonality,which is influenced by the relative bandwidth.Once the ideal OAM beam is generated,TTD is required to prevent beam squint.Based on this analysis,we propose to use the two-stage phase-shifting(TSPS)architecture for OAM beam steering:PS for OAM generation and TTD for beam steering.Simulation results suggest that compared to the spectrum efficiency(SE)of PS based OAM communication,the SE based on the TTD significantly declines as the relative bandwidth increases.Furthermore,OAM beam steering using the TSPS architecture greatly outperforms systems that adopt a single TTD or PS network.
基金funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0502900)special fund for Research on the National Major Research Instruments of China(62027824)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20314)the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province in China(2022a05020028)the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province.
文摘The ability to noninvasively manipulate and isolate specific cell populations in vivo is critical for advancing real-time diagnostics,precision medicine,and immunological research.Here,we present a novel and broadly applicable optical trapping system based on a custom-designed 2×3 optical tweezer array,which enables the real-time interception and manipulation of circulating leukocytes in live animals.By utilizing intrinsic velocity differences between leukocytes and red blood cells,the system achieves stable trapping of individual leukocytes in vessels 15-20μm in diameter and decelerates multiple cells in vessels greater than 20μm.Notably,it also enables the optical blockage of lymphatic vessels exceeding 50μm,a previously unreported capability.This label-free,noninvasive approach operates without repeated blood draws and is compatible with diverse vessel geometries and flow dynamics.The system offers a generalizable solution for in vivo cell extraction and analysis,paving the way for high-precision single-cell technologies in biomedical research and clinical translation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171469,62071029)。
文摘The estimation of the Number of Sources(NoS)is a significant challenge in signal processing,particularly due to the impact of colored noise on the performance of NoS estimation.This paper proposes a Multidimensional Feature Network(MFNet)which is designed for NoS estimation by extracting features of the sampled received signals and Sampled Covariance Matrix(SCM).The MFNet treats the raw signal and the SCM as two different types of data,and is able to achieve NoS estimation under colored noise and imperfect array.MFNet employs the Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)to capture sequential information from the original signal data and to construct the Pseudo Covariance Matrix(PCM).Subsequently,various dimensional features,including eigenvalues and the Gerschgorin disk radius,are extracted from both the PCM and SCM,which are then jointly input into the subsequent network.An overall accuracy of 82%can be achieved after network training.The ablation experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of multiple inputs.And simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFNet achieves higher estimation accuracy compared to existing algorithms and exhibits greater robustness against colored noise.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Talent Support Project of Hunan Province,China (2022TJ-N15)the Hunan Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China (2024CX90 and 2024CX65)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China (2021NK1006)。
文摘High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) arrays have emerged as essential genotyping tools,significantly accelerating breeding programs and advancing basic research.In this study,a high-throughput 10K SNP genotyping array for wax gourd was developed using genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS),featuring 10,722 SNPs evenly distributed across all 12 chromosomes,including 278 functional loci associated with key economic traits.To demonstrate its utility,genetic distances among 19 elite inbred lines were calculated from SNP data and correlated with heterosis for single fruit weight.The results revealed that greater genetic distance was associated with higher middle parent heterosis(MPH) for single fruit weight.Furthermore,56 commercial wax gourd cultivars collected from eight regions were selected and genotyped.Population structure analysis,phylogenetic analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA) collectively indicated that these cultivars fall into two major groups.Group I,comprising black or dark green skinned wax gourds,exhibited lower genetic diversity than Group II,which includes green or light green skinned varieties,reflecting shorter genetic distances within Group I.Finally,60 polymorphic SNPs were used to construct DNA fingerprints for distinguishing the 56 cultivars.As the first high-throughput genotyping platform for wax gourd,this SNP array provides an effective and powerful tool for genetic analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32371471).
文摘Systematic understanding of the interaction between cells and their microenvironment is of wide interest.To investigate this interaction,a flexible micropillar array device integrating dual functions of cell behavior regulation and adhesion measurement is developed.Micropillar arrays with high and low densities are designed to explore the role of substrate topography in the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.In addition,a method is established for quantifying weak cell adhesion forces on the basis of micropillar deflections.The results show that cell cytoplasmic adhesion is greater on a low-density micropillar array than that on a high-density array and is localized mainly in the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm rather than in pseudopods.It is also found that the micropillar array topography facilitates the oriented spreading of cell morphology and pseudopod formation,and a reduction in focal adhesion aggregation and F-actin polarization compared with a flat substrate.Notably,cells cultured on a low-density micropillar array exhibited a higher number of pseudopods,stronger adhesion forces,and greater stiffness compared with those on a high-density array.In summary,this work employs an adhesion force sensor,immunofluorescence staining,and atomic force microscopy to investigate the mechanical properties of cells and elucidate the mechanisms by which micropillar topographical cues regulate the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to the substrate.The micropillar array force sensor developed in this study provides an effective tool for simultaneously modulating cell behavior and quantifying adhesion forces,offering valuable insights for biomechanical research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)under Grant 52571385National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC2815000 and No.2024YFB3816000)+12 种基金Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Manned Vehicles(Grant No.2025SKLDMV07)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(WDZC20231128114452001,JCYJ20240813112107010 and JCYJ20240813111910014)the Tsinghua SIGS Scientific Research Startup Fund(QD2022021C)the Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center(2023-ZM 01 Z006)the Ocean Decade International Cooperation Center(ODCC)(GHZZ3702840002024020000026)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Marine Ecology(ZDSYS20230626091459009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KJZD20240903100905008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22305141)Pearl River Talent Program(No.2023QN10C114)General Program of Guangdong Province(No.2025A1515011700)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2023ZT10C040)Scientific Research Foundation from Shenzhen Finance Bureau(No.GJHZ20240218113600002)Tsinghua University(JC2023001).
文摘Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.
基金supported by the Natural Youth Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.202103021223005 and 202203021212015)the Science and Technology Innovation Plan for Colleges and Universities in Shanxi Province(Grant No.2022L575)the Taiyuan University Level Scientific Research Project(Grant No.24TYZD04).
文摘Flexible pressure sensors are widely used in fields such as healthcare,owing to their simple preparation method,abundant raw materials,and high sensitivity.To solve the problems of low sensitivity and high noise impact that arise with traditional capacitive pressure sensors,this paper proposes an electrical double layer microarray capacitive pressure sensor using silver nanowires(AgNW)and ionic liquids.AgNW/polyimide(PI)flexible electrodes and microarray-structured ionic liquids are utilized to obtain highly sensitive responses to changes in weak physiological signals.The microarray structure is a 20×20 quadrangular prism convex array.Experimental tests show that the sensor has high sensitivity(3.1202 kPa^(−1),0–800 kPa)and fast response/recovery times(100/100 ms).By flexibly attaching the sensor to the skin or a computer mouse,rapid and stable monitoring of micromovements such as facial muscles,vocalization,swallowing,finger joint activity,and mouse clicks can be achieved.The results obtained here are of value for the development of intelligent flexible electronics.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62273075).
文摘Addressing the critical detection range limitation in active electrosensing(AES)for underwater sensing,this study proposes an enhanced AES system via novel array optimization.While AES offers advantages like interference immunity,acoustic stealth detection,and low cost,its short range restricts applicability.A target perturbation model under differential signal acquisition reveals that signal strength increases with local electric field intensity,target size,differential channel spacing,and conductivity contrast,but decreases with target-electrode distance.To extend detection,novel array configurations were explored.Simulations demonstrate that both rectangular and offset arrays significantly outperform the traditional collinear layout.Specifically,an offset array(with 8 m transmitting–receiving spacing)achieved an effective detection range enhancement exceeding 83%under the same distortion threshold while maintaining simplified electrode structure.Experimental validation confirmed a 100%increase in maximum detection distance to 5 m under identical noise thresholds compared to the collinear array.Furthermore,a fully connected neural network-based localization model achieved a mean positioning error of 14.12 cm at 3.15 m in static scenarios.In dynamic scenarios within 1–3 m,mean errors were controlled between 13.19 cm and 27.56 cm.Mechanistic analysis indicates that increasing the array baseline enhances the signal-to-noise ratio by simultaneously suppressing near-field environmental noise and amplifying far-field signal reception.Structural innovations in array design enabled this study to significantly expand the detection range of AES systems without compromising cost efficiency.These advancements directly promote the engineering application of AES technology,offering critical technical support for underwater defense security monitoring,long-range early warning systems,and maritime rights protection.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2022ZD0119005)the Natural Science Project of Shaanxi Province(2025JC-YBMS-754,2024JC-YBMS-539)。
文摘Reconfigurable array architecture has become an important hardware platform for edge-side deployment of convolutional neural networks due to their high parallelism and flexible programmability.However,traditional multi-branch convolutional networks suffer from computational redundancy,high memory access overhead,and inefficient branch fusion.Therefore,this paper proposes an adaptive multi-branch convolutional module(AMBC)that integrates software-hardware co-optimization.During training,the learnable fusion coefficients are introduced to enable adaptive fusion of multi-scale features,while in the inference phase,the multiple branches and their normalization parameters are merged with the fusion coefficients into a single 3×3 convolutional kernel through operator fusion.On the SIREA-288 reconfigurable platform,compared with unoptimized multi-branch networks,the proposed AMBC reduces external memory accesses by 47.91%and inference latency by 47.20%,achieving a 1.90×speedup.This approach maximizes the utilization of the reconfigurable logic while minimizing both reconfiguration and data-movement overheads in edge inference.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2241205)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Nos.2022JC-33,2023-GHZD-35,and 2024JC-ZDXM-25)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe National 111 Project to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved ceramic substrate,and laser sintering and microdroplet spraying processes are used to add the conductive metal on the curved substrate.The problems of gain loss,bandwidth reduction,and frequency shift caused by high temperatures are addressed by using a proper antenna design,with parasitic patches,slots,and metal resonant cavities.The antenna prototype is characterized by the curved substrates and the conductive metals for the power dividers,the patch,and the ground plane;its performance is examined up to a temperature of 600℃in a muffle furnace and compared with the results from the numerical analysis.The results show that the antenna can effectively function at 600℃and even higher temperatures.
基金supported by the Special Fund of the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,(No.DQJB21B34).
文摘The Haicheng region,Liaoning,China,likely hosts a conjugate fault system comprising the NW-trending Haichenghe fault and NE-trending secondary faults.On February 4,1975,at 19:36 CST,an earthquake of M_(S)7.3 and intensity(MMI)IX hit the city of Haicheng,Liaoning,China.Although deep seismic profiling was previously conducted along the Haichenghe fault,the limited horizontal resolution in the shallow part prevented the recognition of kilometer-scale anomalies.The velocity structure characteristics of the Haichenghe fault and its NE-trending conjugate faults remain unclear.Using the extended range phase shift method,the high-resolution S-wave velocity structures are obtained by deploying a long,dense linear array of 55 short-period seismometers across the fault and NE-trending conjugate faults.The array length was 32 km and inter-station spacing was approximately 600 m,facilitating the collection of approximately 22 days of continuous waveform data.Employing the Extended Range Phase Shift(ERPS)method enabled the extraction of broadband 0.2–5 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves.The broadband dispersion data were used for inversion of the high-resolution S-wave velocity structure to a depth of 8 km from the surface.The velocity structure characteristics and seismicity of the Haichenghe fault and NE-trending conjugate faults were analyzed and compared with nearby fault gas measurements.Results show(1)shallow S-wave velocities show a low-high-low horizontal distribution,corresponding to basin-uplift-basin topography;(2)significant velocity contrasts occur across the Haichenghe fault:its SW segment(0–17 km)exhibits high velocities consistent with Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement(Pt_(1)),while the NE segment(17–32 km)shows low velocities related to Yanshanian intrusions(γ_(5))and Quaternary sediments.NE-trending conjugate faults display sharp velocity gradients marking fracture locations,with all faults being near-vertical to~8 km depth;(3)seismicity at 1–6 km depth mainly clusters in high-velocity zones;at 6–8 km depth,it concentrates beneath the Haichenghe fault in low-velocity areas and along NE-trending faults;(4)the seismic activity characteristics and fault zone width of the Haicheng he fault reflected by velocity imaging results are basically consistent with those obtained by the fault gas measurement method.
文摘It is of great scientific significance to construct a 3D dynamic structural color with a special color effect based on the microlens array.However,the problems of imperfect mechanisms and poor color quality need to be solved.A method of 3D structural color turning on periodic metasurfaces fabricated by the microlens array and self-assembly technology was proposed in this study.In the experiment,Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)flexible film was used as a substrate,and SiO2 microspheres were scraped into grooves of the PDMS film to form 3D photonic crystal structures.By adjusting the number of blade-coated times and microsphere concentrations,high-saturation structural color micropatterns were obtained.These films were then matched with microlens arrays to produce dynamic graphics with iridescent effects.The results showed that by blade-coated two times and SiO2 microsphere concentrations of 50%are the best conditions.This method demonstrates the potential for being widely applied in the anticounterfeiting printing and ultra-high-resolution display.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3907001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2233217,62371029)the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC),China(Nos.EP/M026981/1,EP/T021063/1 and EP/T024917/)。
文摘Interference significantly impacts the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),highlighting the need for advanced interference localization technology to bolster anti-interference and defense capabilities.The Uniform Circular Array(UCA)enables concurrent estimation of the Direction of Arrival(DOA)in both azimuth and elevation.Given the paramount importance of stability and real-time performance in interference localization,this work proposes an innovative approach to reduce the complexity and increase the robustness of the DOA estimation.The proposed method reduces computational complexity by selecting a reduced number of array elements to reconstruct a non-uniform sparse array from a UCA.To ensure DOA estimation accuracy,minimizing the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB)is the objective,and the Spatial Correlation Coefficient(SCC)is incorporated as a constraint to mitigate side-lobe.The optimization model is a quadratic fractional model,which is solved by Semi-Definite Relaxation(SDR).When the array has perturbations,the mathematical expressions for CRB and SCC are re-derived to enhance the robustness of the reconstructed array.Simulation and hardware experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating interference DOA,showing high robustness and reductions in hardware and computational costs associated with DOA estimation.
基金financially supported by Open project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Co.,Ltd.(No.YPML2023050245)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2022ZDLSF01-04)
文摘The field of disease smelling diagnosis has experienced a major breakthrough with the development of the electronic nose(E-nose)that utilizes thiol-capped gold nanoparticles(GNPs).This study focuses on overcoming the challenges of sensors to detect VOCs stably confounding with interferents of humidity and pressure,and clarifying their essential mechanism.An innovative and straightforward method for synthesizing GNPs and modifying their surface has been developed.This unique approach deviates from the conventional Brust method by completely removing any traces of tetraoctylammonium bromide(TOAB),ensuring reproducibility and simplicity of use.This modification enhances the sensor's responsiveness to both polar and non-polar VOCs,as well as strengthen selectivity and anti-interferant capabilities.The mechanism of generating sensing cross-talk from TOAB residue is proposed through rigorous sensing experiments,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results,and theoretical analysis.Thus,this study enhances the responsiveness of the sensor to both polar and non-polar VOCs,while also strengthening its selectivity and anti-interferent capabilities.This could potentially revolutionize the practical applications of E-nose in smelling diagnosis.
基金supported by Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC(BUPT)(No.IPOC2021ZT16),China.
文摘The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62371080 and 62031006)the National Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0597)the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees,China(No.cx2022063)。
文摘This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.
