Since a protein containing large amounts of sulphurand cadmium was isolated from horse kidney in 1957 andnamed metallothionein(MT)[1],more than 174 metal-lothioneins have been found in diverse organisms[2],Withthe pro...Since a protein containing large amounts of sulphurand cadmium was isolated from horse kidney in 1957 andnamed metallothionein(MT)[1],more than 174 metal-lothioneins have been found in diverse organisms[2],Withthe progress of plant genome research,many genes whichcould encode proteins similar to class I mammalian met-allothioneins were found in plants,and the produets ofthese genes have been customarily referred to as metal-lothionein-like(MT-L)protein or class I plant metal-lothioneins.展开更多
The honeycomb seal is a vital component to reduce the leakage flow and improvethe system stability for the turbomachines. In this work, a three-dimensional model is established for the interlaced hole honeycomb seal (...The honeycomb seal is a vital component to reduce the leakage flow and improvethe system stability for the turbomachines. In this work, a three-dimensional model is established for the interlaced hole honeycomb seal (IHHCS) and the non-interlaced hole honeycombseal (NIHHCS) to investigate its leakage and rotordynamic characteristics by adopting computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results show that the hole arrangement patterns have littleimpact on the pressure drop and turbulence kinetic energy distribution for the seals, and theIHHCS possesses a slightly lower leakage flow rate than the NIHHCS. Moreover, the numericalresults also show that the NIHHCS possesses a better rotordynamic performance than theIHHCS at all investigated conditions. Both seals show a larger k and a lower Ceff with the increase of the positive preswirl ratios and rotational speeds, while the negative preswirl ratioswould reduce the k and improve the Ceff. The NIHHCS possesses a higher absolute value ofFt for all operating conditions, this could explain the distinction of Ceff for both seals atdifferent working conditions.展开更多
Atmospheric particle adsorption on insulator surfaces,coupled with humid environments,significantly affects contamination flashover,necessitating a clear understanding of the electric field distribution on insulator s...Atmospheric particle adsorption on insulator surfaces,coupled with humid environments,significantly affects contamination flashover,necessitating a clear understanding of the electric field distribution on insulator surfaces with adsorbed particles.This is crucial for accurately assessing insulator safety and informing critical decision-making.Although previous research has demonstrated that particle arrangement significantly influences the electric field distribution around transmission lines,an in-depth analysis of its effects on insulator surfaces remains lacking.To address this gap,this study establishes a composite insulator model to examine how three types of spherical contamination layers affect the electric field distribution on insulator surfaces under varying environmental conditions.The results reveal that in dry environments,the electric field strength at the apex of single-particle contamination layers increases with the particle size and relative permittivity.For the double-particle contamination layers,the electric field intensity on the insulator surface decreases as the particle spacing increases,and larger particles are more likely to attract smaller charged particles.For triple-particle contamination layers arranged in a triangular pattern,the maximum surface field strength is nearly double that of the chain-arranged particles.Furthermore,within the chain-arranged triple-particle contamination layers,a large-small-large size arrangement has a more pronounced impact on the surface electric field than a small-large-small size arrangement.In humid environments,the surface electric field strength of insulators decreases with increasing contamination levels.These findings are of significant theoretical and practical importance for ensuring the safe operation of power systems.展开更多
Due to the innate extracellular matrix mimicking features,fibrous materials exhibited great application potential in biomedicine.In developing excellent fibrous biomaterial,it is essential to reveal the corresponding ...Due to the innate extracellular matrix mimicking features,fibrous materials exhibited great application potential in biomedicine.In developing excellent fibrous biomaterial,it is essential to reveal the corresponding inherent fiber features’effects on cell behaviors.Due to the inevitable‘interference’cell adhesions to the background or between adjacent fibers,it is difficult to precisely reveal the inherent fiber diameter effect on cell behaviors by using a traditional fiber mat.A single-layer and parallel-arranged polycaprolactone fiber pattern platform with an excellent non-fouling background is designed and constructed herein.In this unique material platform,the‘interference’cell adhesions through interspace between fibers to the environment could be effectively ruled out by the non-fouling background.The‘interference’cell adhesions between adjacent fibers could also be excluded from the sparsely arranged(SA)fiber patterns.The influence of fiber diameter on stem cell behaviors is precisely and comprehensively investigated based on eliminating the undesired‘interference’cell adhesions in a controllable way.On the SA fiber patterns,small diameter fiber(SA-D1,D1 means 1μm in diameter)may seriously restrict cell proliferation and osteogenesis when compared to the middle(SA-D8)and large(SA-D56)ones and SA-D8 shows the optimal osteogenesis enhancement effect.At the same time,the cells present similar proliferation ability and even the highest osteogenic ability on the densely arranged(DA)fiber patterns with small diameter fiber(DA-D1)when compared to the middle(DA-D8)and large(DA-D56)ones.The‘interference’cell adhesion between adjacent fibers under dense fiber arrangement may be the main reason for inducing these different cell behavior trends along with fiber diameters.Related results and comparisons have illustrated the effects of fiber diameter on stem cell behaviors more precisely and objectively,thus providing valuable reference and guidance for developing effective fibrous biomaterials.展开更多
基金The 863 Plan for Young ScientistState Key Basic Research and Development Plan(G1998010100)The FEEYT Foundation Trans-Century Training program from the ministry of education of china
文摘Since a protein containing large amounts of sulphurand cadmium was isolated from horse kidney in 1957 andnamed metallothionein(MT)[1],more than 174 metal-lothioneins have been found in diverse organisms[2],Withthe progress of plant genome research,many genes whichcould encode proteins similar to class I mammalian met-allothioneins were found in plants,and the produets ofthese genes have been customarily referred to as metal-lothionein-like(MT-L)protein or class I plant metal-lothioneins.
基金This study was co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51875361)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1439200).
文摘The honeycomb seal is a vital component to reduce the leakage flow and improvethe system stability for the turbomachines. In this work, a three-dimensional model is established for the interlaced hole honeycomb seal (IHHCS) and the non-interlaced hole honeycombseal (NIHHCS) to investigate its leakage and rotordynamic characteristics by adopting computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results show that the hole arrangement patterns have littleimpact on the pressure drop and turbulence kinetic energy distribution for the seals, and theIHHCS possesses a slightly lower leakage flow rate than the NIHHCS. Moreover, the numericalresults also show that the NIHHCS possesses a better rotordynamic performance than theIHHCS at all investigated conditions. Both seals show a larger k and a lower Ceff with the increase of the positive preswirl ratios and rotational speeds, while the negative preswirl ratioswould reduce the k and improve the Ceff. The NIHHCS possesses a higher absolute value ofFt for all operating conditions, this could explain the distinction of Ceff for both seals atdifferent working conditions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12064034 and 11562017)the Leading Talents Program of Science and Technology Innovation in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2020GKLRLX08)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2024AAC05040)。
文摘Atmospheric particle adsorption on insulator surfaces,coupled with humid environments,significantly affects contamination flashover,necessitating a clear understanding of the electric field distribution on insulator surfaces with adsorbed particles.This is crucial for accurately assessing insulator safety and informing critical decision-making.Although previous research has demonstrated that particle arrangement significantly influences the electric field distribution around transmission lines,an in-depth analysis of its effects on insulator surfaces remains lacking.To address this gap,this study establishes a composite insulator model to examine how three types of spherical contamination layers affect the electric field distribution on insulator surfaces under varying environmental conditions.The results reveal that in dry environments,the electric field strength at the apex of single-particle contamination layers increases with the particle size and relative permittivity.For the double-particle contamination layers,the electric field intensity on the insulator surface decreases as the particle spacing increases,and larger particles are more likely to attract smaller charged particles.For triple-particle contamination layers arranged in a triangular pattern,the maximum surface field strength is nearly double that of the chain-arranged particles.Furthermore,within the chain-arranged triple-particle contamination layers,a large-small-large size arrangement has a more pronounced impact on the surface electric field than a small-large-small size arrangement.In humid environments,the surface electric field strength of insulators decreases with increasing contamination levels.These findings are of significant theoretical and practical importance for ensuring the safe operation of power systems.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR1402400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232020D-04)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273125,52173031 and 51903045)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20XD1400100,22520711900 and 21JC1400100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232019A3-06 and 2232019D3-02).
文摘Due to the innate extracellular matrix mimicking features,fibrous materials exhibited great application potential in biomedicine.In developing excellent fibrous biomaterial,it is essential to reveal the corresponding inherent fiber features’effects on cell behaviors.Due to the inevitable‘interference’cell adhesions to the background or between adjacent fibers,it is difficult to precisely reveal the inherent fiber diameter effect on cell behaviors by using a traditional fiber mat.A single-layer and parallel-arranged polycaprolactone fiber pattern platform with an excellent non-fouling background is designed and constructed herein.In this unique material platform,the‘interference’cell adhesions through interspace between fibers to the environment could be effectively ruled out by the non-fouling background.The‘interference’cell adhesions between adjacent fibers could also be excluded from the sparsely arranged(SA)fiber patterns.The influence of fiber diameter on stem cell behaviors is precisely and comprehensively investigated based on eliminating the undesired‘interference’cell adhesions in a controllable way.On the SA fiber patterns,small diameter fiber(SA-D1,D1 means 1μm in diameter)may seriously restrict cell proliferation and osteogenesis when compared to the middle(SA-D8)and large(SA-D56)ones and SA-D8 shows the optimal osteogenesis enhancement effect.At the same time,the cells present similar proliferation ability and even the highest osteogenic ability on the densely arranged(DA)fiber patterns with small diameter fiber(DA-D1)when compared to the middle(DA-D8)and large(DA-D56)ones.The‘interference’cell adhesion between adjacent fibers under dense fiber arrangement may be the main reason for inducing these different cell behavior trends along with fiber diameters.Related results and comparisons have illustrated the effects of fiber diameter on stem cell behaviors more precisely and objectively,thus providing valuable reference and guidance for developing effective fibrous biomaterials.
