Objective:To assess the chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal potentials of essential oils of locally sourced Pinus sylvestris(P.sylvestris)and Syzygium aromatkum(S.aromaticum)against Aedes aegypti(A.aegypti)an...Objective:To assess the chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal potentials of essential oils of locally sourced Pinus sylvestris(P.sylvestris)and Syzygium aromatkum(S.aromaticum)against Aedes aegypti(A.aegypti)and Culex quinquefasciatus(C.quinquefasciatus).Method:The chemical composition of the essential oils of both plants was determined using GCMS while the larvicidal bioassay was carried out using different concentrations of the oils against the larvae of A.aegypti and C.quinquefasciatus in accordance with the standard protocol.Results:The results as determined by GC-MS showed that oil of S.aromaticum has eugenol(80.5%)as its principal constituent while P.sylvestris has 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol,.alpha.,.alpha.4-trimethyl(27.1%)as its dominant constituent.Both oils achieved over 85%larval mortality within24 h.The larvae of A.aegypti were more susceptible to the oils[LC_(50)(S.aromaticum)=92.56 mg/L,LC_(50)(P.sylvestris)=100.39 mg/L]than C.quinquefasciatus[LC_(50)(S.aromaticum)=124.42 mg/L;LC_(50)(P.sylvestris)=128.00 mg/L].S.aromaticum oil was more toxic to the mosquito larvae than oil of P.sylvatris but the difference in lethal concentrations was insignificant(P>0.05).Condusioii:The results justify the larvicidal potentials of both essential oils and the need to incorporate them in vector management and control.展开更多
Objective: To investigate cosmetic potential of Syzygium aromaticum L.(S. aromaticum L.) and to determine its antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects. Methods: Using highperformance liquid chromatography, eugenol compo...Objective: To investigate cosmetic potential of Syzygium aromaticum L.(S. aromaticum L.) and to determine its antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects. Methods: Using highperformance liquid chromatography, eugenol component was quantitated. The antioxidant activity of S. aromaticum L. was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase like activities. To determine cell viability, elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) activity, human dermal fibroblasts(HS68) were treated with S. aromaticum L. The inhibitory effect of S. aromaticum L. on tumor necrosis factor alpha induced MMPs expression in HS68 was analyzed by realtime-PCR. Results: The eugenol content was confirmed in S. aromaticum L. S. aromaticum L. was observed to have high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase like activity. S. aromaticum L. had no cytotoxicity against the HS68 and dose-dependently increased elastase inhibition. Moreover, S. aromaticum L. significantly decreased MMP-1 content and inhibited gene levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9. Conclusions: The findings suggest that S. aromaticum L. has great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with antioxidant and antiwrinkling effects.展开更多
Introduction: Several substances were likely to cause the decline in male fertility which could go up to the complete sterility. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on ...Introduction: Several substances were likely to cause the decline in male fertility which could go up to the complete sterility. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on fertility in male rats exposed to manganese. Materials and Methods: Twenty four male rats, 6 months old, were divided into 2 groups;12 rats in one group received, by oral route, a water containing manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O) is at the dose of 4.79 mg·ml-1 for 12 weeks. The group of control male rats received a distilled water in the same conditions. After a period of experimentation, each group was divided into two subgroups of 6 rats which received daily, by intraperitoneal way, a 0.1 mg/kg body weight, of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. Results: After a chronic exposure, microscopic examination of the testes showed degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and the gremlin cell. Seminal parameters indicated a decrease in the sperm levels (21.3 × 106 cells/ml) and a rise of morphological abnormalities (66.1%). However, intraperitoneal administration of essential oil extracted from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, during 3 weeks, to the rats previously intoxicated with Mn, showed a significant rising of sperm concentration (61.2 × 106 cells/ml) and a reduction of morphological abnormalities (10.8%). These changes were associated with a significant regeneration of seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells. Conclusion: This study revealed an ameliorative effect of essential oil Syzygium aromaticum in testicular tissue and the sperm quality.展开更多
Essential oil from clove buds Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. ＆ Perry （Myrtaceae） was extracted using petroleum ether in Soxhlet apparatus. The resultant oil contained eugenol （48.92%）, caryophyllene （18.55%）, α-...Essential oil from clove buds Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. ＆ Perry （Myrtaceae） was extracted using petroleum ether in Soxhlet apparatus. The resultant oil contained eugenol （48.92%）, caryophyllene （18.55%）, α-caryophyllene （3.25%）, eugenol acetate （23%）, cis-13-docosenamide （3.2 1%）, presenting more than 96% of the oil. This oil was examined as a fumigant and repellent agent against adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Data showed that various concentrations of the oil have revealed dramatic repellent activity against the tested insect, where it gave 100% repellency by 1.0, 0.8, and 0.2% clove oil at 4, 8, 10 min, respectively. The RTs0 and RT95 were 1.1 and 8.0 min at 0.2% and 0.4, 2.6 min at 0.8%, respectively. In addition, fumigation assay has also exhibited strong fumigant activity toward the adults of T. castaneum. At 100 μL oil/L air, mortality was 75, 80 and 100% after 6, 7, and 8 days exposure period with LCs0 and LC95 17 and 70 μL/L air, respectively. The utilization of clove oil for its potential effects against stored product insect is discussed.展开更多
Gut bacterial nitroreductases play an important role in reduction of various nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding N-nitroso compounds,hydroxylamines or aromatic amines,most of which are carcinogenic and mutage...Gut bacterial nitroreductases play an important role in reduction of various nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding N-nitroso compounds,hydroxylamines or aromatic amines,most of which are carcinogenic and mutagenic agents.Inhibition of gut nitroreductases has been recognized as an attractive approach for reducing mutagen metabolites in the colon,so as to prevent colon diseases.In this study,the inhibitory effects of 55 herbal medicines against Escherichia coli(E.coli)nitroreductase(EcNfsA)were examined.Compared with other herbal extracts,Syzygium aromaticum extract showed superior inhibitory potency toward EcNf-sA mediated nitrofurazone reduction.Then,the inhibitory effects of 22 major constituents in Syzygium aromaticum against EcNfsA were evaluted.Compared with other tested natural compounds,ellagic acid,corilagin,betulinic acid,oleanic acid,ursolic acid,urolith-in M5 and isorhamnetin were found with strong to moderate inhibitory effect against EcNfsA,with IC50 values ranging from 0.67 to 28.98 mol·L^(−1).Furthermore,the inhibition kinetic analysis and docking simulation demonstrated that ellagic acid and betulinic acid potently inhibited EcNfsA(Ki<2μmol·L−1)in a competitively inhibitory manner,which created strong interactions with the catalytic triad of EcNfsA.In summary,our findings provide new scientific basis for explaining the anti-mutagenic activity of Syzygium aromaticum,where some newly identified EcNfsA inhibitors can be used for developing novel agents to reduce the toxicity induced by bacteri-al nitroreductase.展开更多
Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanoli...Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanolic extracts of Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum and the combination for all extracts were tested using well diffusion techniques against Saccharomyces cerevisiae （ATCC 9763） and Escherichia coli （ATCC 25922）. The mixed extracts were prepared based on the concentration ratio of 50 μg/μL which are 1：1, 1：1：1 and 1：2：2. Single Syzygium aromaticum extract showed higher inhibition zone on Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to Escherichia coli. There is reduction in diameter of inhibition zone for single extract and mixture extracts either in combination of two or three extracts tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli growth but they are not significant. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum showed highest activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Reduction in diameter of inhibition zone indicated that Alpinia galanga and Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts had antagonistic effect with Syzygium aromaticum.展开更多
The effect of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus on the lipid oxidation and microbial growth in beef patties was investigated in the present study. Essential oils were incorporated into th...The effect of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus on the lipid oxidation and microbial growth in beef patties was investigated in the present study. Essential oils were incorporated into the beef patties at 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w). The beef patties were then inoculated with cultures of E. coli and S. aureus and stored at 4°C. The control patties were processed without essential oil but inoculated with E. coli or S. aureus. The proximate composition, lipid oxidation and microbial counts were carried out after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results showed that the incorporation of essential oils in beef patties did not significantly (P S. aromaticum at 0.2% reduced the E. coli growth by 1.48 log CFU/g and that of S. aureus by 6.52 log CFU/g while the incorporation of C. citratus at 0.2% reduced the E. coli growth by 1.21 log CFU/g and that of S. aureus by 1.4 log CFU/g after 28 days of storage. The pH measurement during the storage period showed a slight drop during the first 7 days of storage and an increase during the last 21 days in all samples. The sensory test of the beef patties showed that the consumers accepted patties formulated with the two essential oils. But the one made with 0.1% essential oil of S. aromaticum was the most accepted. The analysis of the color of beef patties between 0 and 28 days of storage revealed that the incorporation of essential oils retarded the degradation of the color of patties. Results obtained in the present study indicate the possibility of exploiting Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils to protect beef patties against lipid oxidation and microbial growth.展开更多
The fungitoxicity of five Malagasy essential oils (Eos)<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">against</span><span styl...The fungitoxicity of five Malagasy essential oils (Eos)<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">against</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Colletotrichum asianum</span></i><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was assessed in terms of conidial germination and mycelia</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span><span style="font-family:" color:red;"=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">growth. Their effect on defense-related compounds content, physicochemical properties</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and anthracnose lesions</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in mango fruits was also determined. Four of the tested </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Eos w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ravensara aromatica </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">leaves,</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and the last Eo was extracted from clove leaves. Their chemical compositions were then determined through GC-MS analysis and the active compound of the most fungitoxic Eo was determined by testing the toxicity of its major component to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">asianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pore germination, mycelia</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> growth and its ability to inhibit anthracnose development on mango fruits. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">R</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aromatica</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Eos tested were fungistatic to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> asianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">whereas clove Eo was fungitoxic and the 4 chemotypes of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">R</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aromatica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Eo exhibited variable inhibiting capabilities: </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">all tested doses of all Eos</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(112.5 and 225</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L of air) were effective against</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> asianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mycelial growth (10</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">100% inhibition) but doses of 225</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L were more inhibitory than those of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">112.5</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) Conidial germination was more resistant to Eos toxicity since only 225</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L of methyl eugenol</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">chemotype of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">R</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aromatica</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Eo, all tested doses of the sabinene</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">chemotype of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">R</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aromatica</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Eo and</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clove Eo were found inhibitory toward conidial germination of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">asianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L of sprayed clove Eoweretested on inoculated mangoes and were found to be effective against anthracnose development</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">without affecting the resorcinol content in mango peel and the physicochemical properties of mango pulp. Tests on the major components of clove Eo showed fungitoxic activities against mycelial growth and conidial germination of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> asianum</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">similar to those of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clove Eo.</span>展开更多
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum to albino rats. Forty eight Albino rats were employed to test the safety and the anti-inflammatory effect of t...The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum to albino rats. Forty eight Albino rats were employed to test the safety and the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract. Safety of the extract was examined on experimental animal’s model at three dose levels of the extract orally in daily doses for three weeks. Effects of S. aromaticum on rats revealed no significant effect on biochemical or haematological parameters. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was tested in four equal groups;groups 1 and 2 were treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, group 3 was treated with indomethacine and group 4 was the untreated control. Carrageenan was used as an acute form inducer of inflammation. Indomethacine, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), was used as a reference compound. Oedema size was monitored at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and after 24 hours. The ethanolic extract of S. aromaticum showed significant (P 0.001) decreased in the oedema size at efficacy rates of 79.41%, 82.39% and 63.92% for the dose, 500 mg/kg body weight at the 2nd, 4th and 6th hour respectively higher than that produced by indomethacine.展开更多
Background and Objective: Syzygium aromaticum is an immunomodulator with the main active compound eugenol which can stimulate the function of lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage production. Lymphocytes play an imp...Background and Objective: Syzygium aromaticum is an immunomodulator with the main active compound eugenol which can stimulate the function of lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage production. Lymphocytes play an important role for body protection against infection. This study aims to analyze the effect of S. aromaticum extract to increase proliferation of lymphocytes, lymphoblasts and macrophage production in Balb/c mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Methodology: Mice strain Balb/c were divided into 4 groups: treatment group infected with S. typhimurium and control group (without treatment) to tested the activity of peritoneal macrophages. The treatment group was administrated by S. aromaticum leaf extract (15 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg/kgbw) for 12 days. Results: S. aromaticum leaf extract increased the proliferation activity (p Conclusion: Administration of S. aromaticum leaf extract increased the proliferation activity of lymphocytes, lymphoblasts and ROI secretion of macrophagesin Balb/c mice infected with S. typhimurium.展开更多
The remarkable push of technologies increasingly recommends materials for their constructions.Hence the extraction of alumina is for different uses.The exploitation of bauxite pollutes the surrounding areas in this ca...The remarkable push of technologies increasingly recommends materials for their constructions.Hence the extraction of alumina is for different uses.The exploitation of bauxite pollutes the surrounding areas in this case the discharge of mud wheel.Furthermore,the excessive use of dangerous conventional synthetic insecticides continues to be in circulation in Cameroon despite the known adverse effects.These problems lead us to formulate bio insecticides from rejection of the extraction of alumina and extracts of S.aromaticum and Citrus sinensis which respectively offer us essential oils eugenol and limonene having insecticidal properties against the main insects,pests of corn stocks,Sitophilus zeamais.From the kinetic point of view of the adsorption of the extracts of eugenol,limonene and their association by the red mud,the adsorption curve shows that the Eu/Li mixture(30/70)is better by 0.36 mg/g during the 24 h.The results showed a high toxicity of the Eu-Li binary mixture of ratio 30/70 with respective mortality rates of 95.88%after 8 days of exposure to the concentration of 5 mL/L on the adults of Sitophilus zeamais.The other composites induce an average rate of 80%.The results from the physicochemical analysis of corn before and after treatment with formulated insecticides showed a slight loss in nutritional quality of 14.90%in ash,12.5%in protein,16.14%in lipids and 13.63%in total sugars for 180 days.The powdery formulation from red mud and Eu-Li(30/70)mixture can therefore ensure the protection of corn stocks against Sitophilus zeamais in a farming environment.展开更多
The high-water content of tomato predisposes it to spoilage by microorganisms and led producers to carry out traditional processing of tomatoes in the form of pasteurized tomato puree. However, rapid acidification of ...The high-water content of tomato predisposes it to spoilage by microorganisms and led producers to carry out traditional processing of tomatoes in the form of pasteurized tomato puree. However, rapid acidification of these traditional tomato purees is often observed. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil extracted from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the improvement of traditional tomato puree producing technology. Essential oil of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was extracted by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined by GC and GC/MS. Different types of traditional tomato puree were produced by the modification of the traditional processing technology and the addition of the essential oil introduction step, followed by manual stirring during the process. Based on previous studies, two different essential oil concentrations (5.0 and 7.5 μL∙g−1) were investigated. Physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional analyzes were performed in order to evaluate the quality of the traditional tomato puree produced. Results obtained revealed that the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum investigated has a chemical composition characterized by the presence of eugenol (59.11%) and eugenol acetate (33.73%). Good stabilization of the physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional parameters in traditional tomato puree samples preserved with essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum were observed when compared to control. The essential oil of Clove, with his biological property, offers a novel approach to the management of traditional tomato puree during storage.展开更多
Herbal remedies play important roles in promoting health and treating various ailments.^((1)) Recently,medicinal plants have been increasingly used for various applications due to their historical use,accessibility,an...Herbal remedies play important roles in promoting health and treating various ailments.^((1)) Recently,medicinal plants have been increasingly used for various applications due to their historical use,accessibility,and perceived safety.^((2)) Herbal medicines'accessibility and versatility have led to their growing application as medications and functional dietary supplements.展开更多
基金Logistic support from the Management of Osun State University Osogbo through grant support number UNIOSUN/SET/010
文摘Objective:To assess the chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal potentials of essential oils of locally sourced Pinus sylvestris(P.sylvestris)and Syzygium aromatkum(S.aromaticum)against Aedes aegypti(A.aegypti)and Culex quinquefasciatus(C.quinquefasciatus).Method:The chemical composition of the essential oils of both plants was determined using GCMS while the larvicidal bioassay was carried out using different concentrations of the oils against the larvae of A.aegypti and C.quinquefasciatus in accordance with the standard protocol.Results:The results as determined by GC-MS showed that oil of S.aromaticum has eugenol(80.5%)as its principal constituent while P.sylvestris has 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol,.alpha.,.alpha.4-trimethyl(27.1%)as its dominant constituent.Both oils achieved over 85%larval mortality within24 h.The larvae of A.aegypti were more susceptible to the oils[LC_(50)(S.aromaticum)=92.56 mg/L,LC_(50)(P.sylvestris)=100.39 mg/L]than C.quinquefasciatus[LC_(50)(S.aromaticum)=124.42 mg/L;LC_(50)(P.sylvestris)=128.00 mg/L].S.aromaticum oil was more toxic to the mosquito larvae than oil of P.sylvatris but the difference in lethal concentrations was insignificant(P>0.05).Condusioii:The results justify the larvicidal potentials of both essential oils and the need to incorporate them in vector management and control.
文摘Objective: To investigate cosmetic potential of Syzygium aromaticum L.(S. aromaticum L.) and to determine its antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects. Methods: Using highperformance liquid chromatography, eugenol component was quantitated. The antioxidant activity of S. aromaticum L. was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase like activities. To determine cell viability, elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) activity, human dermal fibroblasts(HS68) were treated with S. aromaticum L. The inhibitory effect of S. aromaticum L. on tumor necrosis factor alpha induced MMPs expression in HS68 was analyzed by realtime-PCR. Results: The eugenol content was confirmed in S. aromaticum L. S. aromaticum L. was observed to have high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase like activity. S. aromaticum L. had no cytotoxicity against the HS68 and dose-dependently increased elastase inhibition. Moreover, S. aromaticum L. significantly decreased MMP-1 content and inhibited gene levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9. Conclusions: The findings suggest that S. aromaticum L. has great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with antioxidant and antiwrinkling effects.
文摘Introduction: Several substances were likely to cause the decline in male fertility which could go up to the complete sterility. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on fertility in male rats exposed to manganese. Materials and Methods: Twenty four male rats, 6 months old, were divided into 2 groups;12 rats in one group received, by oral route, a water containing manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O) is at the dose of 4.79 mg·ml-1 for 12 weeks. The group of control male rats received a distilled water in the same conditions. After a period of experimentation, each group was divided into two subgroups of 6 rats which received daily, by intraperitoneal way, a 0.1 mg/kg body weight, of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. Results: After a chronic exposure, microscopic examination of the testes showed degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and the gremlin cell. Seminal parameters indicated a decrease in the sperm levels (21.3 × 106 cells/ml) and a rise of morphological abnormalities (66.1%). However, intraperitoneal administration of essential oil extracted from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, during 3 weeks, to the rats previously intoxicated with Mn, showed a significant rising of sperm concentration (61.2 × 106 cells/ml) and a reduction of morphological abnormalities (10.8%). These changes were associated with a significant regeneration of seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells. Conclusion: This study revealed an ameliorative effect of essential oil Syzygium aromaticum in testicular tissue and the sperm quality.
文摘Essential oil from clove buds Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. ＆ Perry （Myrtaceae） was extracted using petroleum ether in Soxhlet apparatus. The resultant oil contained eugenol （48.92%）, caryophyllene （18.55%）, α-caryophyllene （3.25%）, eugenol acetate （23%）, cis-13-docosenamide （3.2 1%）, presenting more than 96% of the oil. This oil was examined as a fumigant and repellent agent against adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Data showed that various concentrations of the oil have revealed dramatic repellent activity against the tested insect, where it gave 100% repellency by 1.0, 0.8, and 0.2% clove oil at 4, 8, 10 min, respectively. The RTs0 and RT95 were 1.1 and 8.0 min at 0.2% and 0.4, 2.6 min at 0.8%, respectively. In addition, fumigation assay has also exhibited strong fumigant activity toward the adults of T. castaneum. At 100 μL oil/L air, mortality was 75, 80 and 100% after 6, 7, and 8 days exposure period with LCs0 and LC95 17 and 70 μL/L air, respectively. The utilization of clove oil for its potential effects against stored product insect is discussed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.20180530025)the Innovative Entrepreneurship Program of High-level Talents in Dalian(No.2017RQ121)+1 种基金the Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian(No.2020JJ26SN051)the National Natural Science Founding of China(No.82160739).
文摘Gut bacterial nitroreductases play an important role in reduction of various nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding N-nitroso compounds,hydroxylamines or aromatic amines,most of which are carcinogenic and mutagenic agents.Inhibition of gut nitroreductases has been recognized as an attractive approach for reducing mutagen metabolites in the colon,so as to prevent colon diseases.In this study,the inhibitory effects of 55 herbal medicines against Escherichia coli(E.coli)nitroreductase(EcNfsA)were examined.Compared with other herbal extracts,Syzygium aromaticum extract showed superior inhibitory potency toward EcNf-sA mediated nitrofurazone reduction.Then,the inhibitory effects of 22 major constituents in Syzygium aromaticum against EcNfsA were evaluted.Compared with other tested natural compounds,ellagic acid,corilagin,betulinic acid,oleanic acid,ursolic acid,urolith-in M5 and isorhamnetin were found with strong to moderate inhibitory effect against EcNfsA,with IC50 values ranging from 0.67 to 28.98 mol·L^(−1).Furthermore,the inhibition kinetic analysis and docking simulation demonstrated that ellagic acid and betulinic acid potently inhibited EcNfsA(Ki<2μmol·L−1)in a competitively inhibitory manner,which created strong interactions with the catalytic triad of EcNfsA.In summary,our findings provide new scientific basis for explaining the anti-mutagenic activity of Syzygium aromaticum,where some newly identified EcNfsA inhibitors can be used for developing novel agents to reduce the toxicity induced by bacteri-al nitroreductase.
文摘Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanolic extracts of Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum and the combination for all extracts were tested using well diffusion techniques against Saccharomyces cerevisiae （ATCC 9763） and Escherichia coli （ATCC 25922）. The mixed extracts were prepared based on the concentration ratio of 50 μg/μL which are 1：1, 1：1：1 and 1：2：2. Single Syzygium aromaticum extract showed higher inhibition zone on Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to Escherichia coli. There is reduction in diameter of inhibition zone for single extract and mixture extracts either in combination of two or three extracts tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli growth but they are not significant. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum showed highest activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Reduction in diameter of inhibition zone indicated that Alpinia galanga and Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts had antagonistic effect with Syzygium aromaticum.
文摘The effect of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus on the lipid oxidation and microbial growth in beef patties was investigated in the present study. Essential oils were incorporated into the beef patties at 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w). The beef patties were then inoculated with cultures of E. coli and S. aureus and stored at 4°C. The control patties were processed without essential oil but inoculated with E. coli or S. aureus. The proximate composition, lipid oxidation and microbial counts were carried out after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results showed that the incorporation of essential oils in beef patties did not significantly (P S. aromaticum at 0.2% reduced the E. coli growth by 1.48 log CFU/g and that of S. aureus by 6.52 log CFU/g while the incorporation of C. citratus at 0.2% reduced the E. coli growth by 1.21 log CFU/g and that of S. aureus by 1.4 log CFU/g after 28 days of storage. The pH measurement during the storage period showed a slight drop during the first 7 days of storage and an increase during the last 21 days in all samples. The sensory test of the beef patties showed that the consumers accepted patties formulated with the two essential oils. But the one made with 0.1% essential oil of S. aromaticum was the most accepted. The analysis of the color of beef patties between 0 and 28 days of storage revealed that the incorporation of essential oils retarded the degradation of the color of patties. Results obtained in the present study indicate the possibility of exploiting Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils to protect beef patties against lipid oxidation and microbial growth.
文摘The fungitoxicity of five Malagasy essential oils (Eos)<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">against</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Colletotrichum asianum</span></i><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was assessed in terms of conidial germination and mycelia</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span><span style="font-family:" color:red;"=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">growth. Their effect on defense-related compounds content, physicochemical properties</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and anthracnose lesions</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in mango fruits was also determined. Four of the tested </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Eos w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ravensara aromatica </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">leaves,</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and the last Eo was extracted from clove leaves. Their chemical compositions were then determined through GC-MS analysis and the active compound of the most fungitoxic Eo was determined by testing the toxicity of its major component to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">asianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pore germination, mycelia</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> growth and its ability to inhibit anthracnose development on mango fruits. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">R</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aromatica</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Eos tested were fungistatic to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> asianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">whereas clove Eo was fungitoxic and the 4 chemotypes of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">R</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aromatica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Eo exhibited variable inhibiting capabilities: </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">all tested doses of all Eos</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(112.5 and 225</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L of air) were effective against</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> asianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mycelial growth (10</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">100% inhibition) but doses of 225</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L were more inhibitory than those of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">112.5</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) Conidial germination was more resistant to Eos toxicity since only 225</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L of methyl eugenol</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">chemotype of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">R</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aromatica</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Eo, all tested doses of the sabinene</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">chemotype of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">R</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aromatica</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Eo and</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clove Eo were found inhibitory toward conidial germination of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">asianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μL/L of sprayed clove Eoweretested on inoculated mangoes and were found to be effective against anthracnose development</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">without affecting the resorcinol content in mango peel and the physicochemical properties of mango pulp. Tests on the major components of clove Eo showed fungitoxic activities against mycelial growth and conidial germination of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> asianum</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">similar to those of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clove Eo.</span>
文摘The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum to albino rats. Forty eight Albino rats were employed to test the safety and the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract. Safety of the extract was examined on experimental animal’s model at three dose levels of the extract orally in daily doses for three weeks. Effects of S. aromaticum on rats revealed no significant effect on biochemical or haematological parameters. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was tested in four equal groups;groups 1 and 2 were treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, group 3 was treated with indomethacine and group 4 was the untreated control. Carrageenan was used as an acute form inducer of inflammation. Indomethacine, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), was used as a reference compound. Oedema size was monitored at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and after 24 hours. The ethanolic extract of S. aromaticum showed significant (P 0.001) decreased in the oedema size at efficacy rates of 79.41%, 82.39% and 63.92% for the dose, 500 mg/kg body weight at the 2nd, 4th and 6th hour respectively higher than that produced by indomethacine.
文摘Background and Objective: Syzygium aromaticum is an immunomodulator with the main active compound eugenol which can stimulate the function of lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage production. Lymphocytes play an important role for body protection against infection. This study aims to analyze the effect of S. aromaticum extract to increase proliferation of lymphocytes, lymphoblasts and macrophage production in Balb/c mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Methodology: Mice strain Balb/c were divided into 4 groups: treatment group infected with S. typhimurium and control group (without treatment) to tested the activity of peritoneal macrophages. The treatment group was administrated by S. aromaticum leaf extract (15 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg/kgbw) for 12 days. Results: S. aromaticum leaf extract increased the proliferation activity (p Conclusion: Administration of S. aromaticum leaf extract increased the proliferation activity of lymphocytes, lymphoblasts and ROI secretion of macrophagesin Balb/c mice infected with S. typhimurium.
文摘The remarkable push of technologies increasingly recommends materials for their constructions.Hence the extraction of alumina is for different uses.The exploitation of bauxite pollutes the surrounding areas in this case the discharge of mud wheel.Furthermore,the excessive use of dangerous conventional synthetic insecticides continues to be in circulation in Cameroon despite the known adverse effects.These problems lead us to formulate bio insecticides from rejection of the extraction of alumina and extracts of S.aromaticum and Citrus sinensis which respectively offer us essential oils eugenol and limonene having insecticidal properties against the main insects,pests of corn stocks,Sitophilus zeamais.From the kinetic point of view of the adsorption of the extracts of eugenol,limonene and their association by the red mud,the adsorption curve shows that the Eu/Li mixture(30/70)is better by 0.36 mg/g during the 24 h.The results showed a high toxicity of the Eu-Li binary mixture of ratio 30/70 with respective mortality rates of 95.88%after 8 days of exposure to the concentration of 5 mL/L on the adults of Sitophilus zeamais.The other composites induce an average rate of 80%.The results from the physicochemical analysis of corn before and after treatment with formulated insecticides showed a slight loss in nutritional quality of 14.90%in ash,12.5%in protein,16.14%in lipids and 13.63%in total sugars for 180 days.The powdery formulation from red mud and Eu-Li(30/70)mixture can therefore ensure the protection of corn stocks against Sitophilus zeamais in a farming environment.
文摘The high-water content of tomato predisposes it to spoilage by microorganisms and led producers to carry out traditional processing of tomatoes in the form of pasteurized tomato puree. However, rapid acidification of these traditional tomato purees is often observed. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil extracted from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the improvement of traditional tomato puree producing technology. Essential oil of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was extracted by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined by GC and GC/MS. Different types of traditional tomato puree were produced by the modification of the traditional processing technology and the addition of the essential oil introduction step, followed by manual stirring during the process. Based on previous studies, two different essential oil concentrations (5.0 and 7.5 μL∙g−1) were investigated. Physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional analyzes were performed in order to evaluate the quality of the traditional tomato puree produced. Results obtained revealed that the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum investigated has a chemical composition characterized by the presence of eugenol (59.11%) and eugenol acetate (33.73%). Good stabilization of the physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional parameters in traditional tomato puree samples preserved with essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum were observed when compared to control. The essential oil of Clove, with his biological property, offers a novel approach to the management of traditional tomato puree during storage.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2022R1A6A3A01085946)。
文摘Herbal remedies play important roles in promoting health and treating various ailments.^((1)) Recently,medicinal plants have been increasingly used for various applications due to their historical use,accessibility,and perceived safety.^((2)) Herbal medicines'accessibility and versatility have led to their growing application as medications and functional dietary supplements.
