[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Meth...[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Method] A. arguta as the test material was processed at room temperature of 4 ℃ to determine the contents of chloro- phyll, water soluble sugar, water soluble protein, free proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes （POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity） with the treatment at 25℃ as the control. [Results] The results indicated that with the prolonging of stress time, the content of chlorophyll was first increased and then decreased, and the content of MDA was increased; soluble sugar content of seedling leaf decreased gradually, while the soluble protein and proline content of seedling leaves were first increased and then decreased; the activities of SOD and POD were displayed a decline trend, meanwhile the activities of CAT was first increased and then decreased. [Conclu- sion] The various indicators showed that under low temperature stress, the chloro- phyll content decreased accompanied with membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA accumulation, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and antioxidant en- zymes play a protective role in different degrees.展开更多
Actinidia arguta is a berry fruit with high nutritional values.To evaluate the comprehensive quality,the fruit weight,titratable acid(TAC),soluble solids(SSC),vitamin C,mineral elements,and taste value of67 accessions...Actinidia arguta is a berry fruit with high nutritional values.To evaluate the comprehensive quality,the fruit weight,titratable acid(TAC),soluble solids(SSC),vitamin C,mineral elements,and taste value of67 accessions of A.arguta were measured,and sensory attributes including olfactive intensity,juiciness,sweetness,sourness,and astringency were assessed.Cluster analysis was carried out based on mineral elements,and principal component analysis(PCA)was used for comprehensive score ranking.The result demonstrated that fruit weight ranged from 3.5 g to 24.2 g,SSC ranged from 11.94%to 20.56%,TAC ranged from 0.15%to 1.20%,and vitamin C ranged from 3.51 g/kg to 230.76 g/kg(fresh weight)among the tested samples.There were significant differences in sourness,sweetness,bitterness,and umami among the 67 accessions based on electronic tongue analysis,and this result was rapidly and objectively characterized by the sensory assessment.The dendrogram was obtained and clustered the accessions into two major clusters,and five principal components were extracted by PCA.Overall,the information provided by this study identified the 10 best germplasm resources for fresh-eating and processing fruits.It can provide theoretical reference for nutritional efficacy evaluation and food development of A.arguta.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to discuss the effect of chitin treatment on softening of Actinidia arguta Huanyou No.1 as the test material.[Methods]Huanyou No.1 was sprayed with chitin,and the changes of some p...[Objectives]This study was conducted to discuss the effect of chitin treatment on softening of Actinidia arguta Huanyou No.1 as the test material.[Methods]Huanyou No.1 was sprayed with chitin,and the changes of some physiological and biochemical indexes in fruit softening were investigated.[Results]Chitin treatment significantly improved single fruit weight,increased soluble solid content,but decreased titratable acid content and significantly reduced the content of cellulose and hemicellulose;and the chitin treatment significantly inhibited the breakdown of pectin,cellulose and hemicellulose,and inhibited the activities of PG enzyme andβ-Gal enzyme.[Conclusions]Chitin spray treatment could increase the yield of A.arguta,and improve its quality and storage property.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Actinidia arguta(Sieb.&Zucc.)Planch.ex Miq.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor tests,an orthogonal test was conducted with solid/liquid rat...[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Actinidia arguta(Sieb.&Zucc.)Planch.ex Miq.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor tests,an orthogonal test was conducted with solid/liquid ratio,ultrasonic temperature,ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power as influencing factors.[Results]The optimal extraction process was as follows:solid/liquid ratio 1∶15(g/mL),ultrasonic temperature 50℃,ultrasonic time 50 min and ultrasonic power 90 W.Under the optimal extraction conditions,the extraction rate of polysaccharides reached 2.05%.[Conclusions]The method is simple and feasible,and can be used to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides in A.arguta,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of related resources.展开更多
Actinidia arguta is a newly emerged,commercially cultivated Actinidia species.A.arguta has a beautiful appearance and is rich in anthocyanin,and is thus highly welcomed by consumers.However,the mechanism of anthocyani...Actinidia arguta is a newly emerged,commercially cultivated Actinidia species.A.arguta has a beautiful appearance and is rich in anthocyanin,and is thus highly welcomed by consumers.However,the mechanism of anthocyanin regulation in A.arguta remains unclear.In this study,we assembled the nearly complete genome of the first red A.arguta cultivar,‘Tianyuanhong’,with an N50 of 21 Mb.Comparative genome analysis revealed a role of the expansion/contraction of gene families in the species-specific trait formation of A.arguta.Through verification of transient overexpression and stable transformation,RNA-seq analysis revealed a key bHLH transcription factor,AaBEE1,which negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis.DAP-seq analysis combined with Y1H,EMSA,Chip-qPCR and LUC suggested that AaBEE1 binds to the G-box of the AaLDOX promoter and suppresses its expression.Overall,we assembled the genome of A.arguta and clarified its AaBEE1-AaLDOX module-mediated molecular mechanism of anthocyanin regulation.展开更多
Actinidia arguta fruit is famous for its nutritional value,and we can eat the whole fruit with seeds.However,the nutrition of the seeds has yet to be systematically studied,while the value of seeds as by-products of p...Actinidia arguta fruit is famous for its nutritional value,and we can eat the whole fruit with seeds.However,the nutrition of the seeds has yet to be systematically studied,while the value of seeds as by-products of processed products is worth exploring.besides,the nutritional composition in distinct germplasms has not been reported.in this study,the nutritional indexes of 39 germplasms A.arguta seeds,including fatty acids,amino acids,minerals,phenolic,flavonoids,and starch had been compared and the correlations of these nutrition also had been explored.The results provided that A.arguta seeds were rich in nutrition.Eight fatty acids were found and the ω-6/ω-3 ratio was 0.07 to 2.01.The total amino acid contents ranged from 9.25 to 29.45 mg/100 g.The largest major mineral element was magnesium(216.62-42117.22 mg/kg),and the largest trace mineral element was iron(13.05-1326.48 mg/kg).The phenolic,flavonoids,and starch contents were 1.33−5.82 mg/g,0.41−0.87 mg/g,11.29%-31.93%,respectively.There were correlations among nutritional indexes,which had significant differences in 39 germplasms of A.arguta seeds.in order to assess comprehensive nutrition,using the weighted average score system and one germplasm,CJ No.1,with superior nutritional quality,was identified.The results of this study will enrich the research content of A.arguta seed,provide theoretical guidance for A.arguta seed to become a dietary supplement,reduce the production and processing waste,and promote the development of A.arguta processing industry.展开更多
Actinidia arguta is a type of kiwi fruit with a smooth glabrous shape,which provides high nutritional value,a sweet and sour taste,and excellent healthcare function.However,it is a typical climacteric fruit and decomp...Actinidia arguta is a type of kiwi fruit with a smooth glabrous shape,which provides high nutritional value,a sweet and sour taste,and excellent healthcare function.However,it is a typical climacteric fruit and decomposes quickly when stored.For delaying senescence,the effect of postharvest short-time partial dehydration(STPD)on the storage quality of A.arguta was investigated under dehydration rates of 2%,4%,and 6%coupled with storage at(2.0±0.5)℃,respectively.Results showed that appropriate dehydration treatment coupled with low temperature storage inhibited the pectinase activity and the decomposition of propectin,thus maintaining fruit firmness,reducing fruit decay rate,regulating the generation of abscisic acid delaying ethylene production,and decreasing the peak level of respiration rate.it also inhibited the reduction of total soluble solid,titratable acid,and vitamin C,maintains catalase and peroxidase activity.based on the present study,the 4%dehydration treatment was the most effective,which extended the storage period up to 60 days and reduced the decay rate to 33%.in conclusion,it was revealed that STPD could be an effective method for retarding the losses that occurred in the fruit quality of A.arguta during cold storage.展开更多
The fruit of Actinidia arguta is typically climacteric.During ripening,the fruits produce a large amount of ethylene.Although the molecular basis of climacteric fruit ripening has been extensively studied,some aspects...The fruit of Actinidia arguta is typically climacteric.During ripening,the fruits produce a large amount of ethylene.Although the molecular basis of climacteric fruit ripening has been extensively studied,some aspects such as its transcriptional regulation remain unclear.Here,we compared the transcriptomes of A.arguta fruits collected at commercial harvest(sample d0)and at 6 days after harvest(sample d6)using RNA-seq.A total of 3 659 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between samples d0 and d6 were detected,of which 2 983 and 1 104 could be functionally annotated with Gene Ontology(GO)and Clusters of Orthologous Groups(COG)pathways.DEGs involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction were identified,including ACO(c79627),ERF061(c105131),and ERF6(c99193).Transcription factors such as ERF,b HLH,NAC,MADS,and MYB were also differentially expressed between samples d0 and d6.Selected DEGs were subjected to further analysis using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR),and the results coincided with those of RNA-seq.Our data revealed additional transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of fruit ripening.These results provide useful information for future research on the transcriptional regulation of fruit ripening.展开更多
Actinidia arguta,known as hardy kiwifruit,is a widely cultivated species with distinct botanical characteristics such as small and smooth-fruited,rich in beneficial nutrients,rapid softening and tolerant to extremely ...Actinidia arguta,known as hardy kiwifruit,is a widely cultivated species with distinct botanical characteristics such as small and smooth-fruited,rich in beneficial nutrients,rapid softening and tolerant to extremely low temperatures.It contains the most diverse ploidy types,including diploid,tetraploid,hexaploid,octoploid,and decaploid.Here we report a haplotype-resolved tetraploid genome(A.arguta cv.‘Longcheng No.2’)containing four haplo-types,each with 40,859,41,377,39,833 and 39,222 protein-coding genes.We described the phased genome structure,synteny,and evolutionary analyses to identify and date possible WGD events.K_(s) calculations for both allelic and paralogous genes pairs throughout the assembled haplotypic individuals showed its tetraploidization is estimated to have formed~1.03 Mya following Ad-αevent occurred~18.7 Mya.Detailed annotations of NBS-LRRs or CBFs highlight the importance of genetic variations coming about after polyploidization in underpinning ability of immune responses or environmental adaptability.WGCNA analysis of postharvest quality indicators in combination with transcriptome revealed several transcription factors were involved in regulating ripening kiwi berry texture.Taking together,the assembly of an A.arguta tetraploid genome provides valuable resources in deciphering complex genome structure and facilitating functional genomics studies and genetic improvement for kiwifruit and other crops.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303093)the Key Project for Agricultural Improved Variety Breeding of Shandong Province (Lunongliang[2016]No.6~~
文摘[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Method] A. arguta as the test material was processed at room temperature of 4 ℃ to determine the contents of chloro- phyll, water soluble sugar, water soluble protein, free proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes （POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity） with the treatment at 25℃ as the control. [Results] The results indicated that with the prolonging of stress time, the content of chlorophyll was first increased and then decreased, and the content of MDA was increased; soluble sugar content of seedling leaf decreased gradually, while the soluble protein and proline content of seedling leaves were first increased and then decreased; the activities of SOD and POD were displayed a decline trend, meanwhile the activities of CAT was first increased and then decreased. [Conclu- sion] The various indicators showed that under low temperature stress, the chloro- phyll content decreased accompanied with membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA accumulation, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and antioxidant en- zymes play a protective role in different degrees.
基金supported by Special Scientific Research Fund of Agricultural Public Welfare Profession of China[grant number 200903013]Liaoning Province,Shenyang Agricultural University,high-end talent introduction fund project[grant number SYAU20160003]。
文摘Actinidia arguta is a berry fruit with high nutritional values.To evaluate the comprehensive quality,the fruit weight,titratable acid(TAC),soluble solids(SSC),vitamin C,mineral elements,and taste value of67 accessions of A.arguta were measured,and sensory attributes including olfactive intensity,juiciness,sweetness,sourness,and astringency were assessed.Cluster analysis was carried out based on mineral elements,and principal component analysis(PCA)was used for comprehensive score ranking.The result demonstrated that fruit weight ranged from 3.5 g to 24.2 g,SSC ranged from 11.94%to 20.56%,TAC ranged from 0.15%to 1.20%,and vitamin C ranged from 3.51 g/kg to 230.76 g/kg(fresh weight)among the tested samples.There were significant differences in sourness,sweetness,bitterness,and umami among the 67 accessions based on electronic tongue analysis,and this result was rapidly and objectively characterized by the sensory assessment.The dendrogram was obtained and clustered the accessions into two major clusters,and five principal components were extracted by PCA.Overall,the information provided by this study identified the 10 best germplasm resources for fresh-eating and processing fruits.It can provide theoretical reference for nutritional efficacy evaluation and food development of A.arguta.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to discuss the effect of chitin treatment on softening of Actinidia arguta Huanyou No.1 as the test material.[Methods]Huanyou No.1 was sprayed with chitin,and the changes of some physiological and biochemical indexes in fruit softening were investigated.[Results]Chitin treatment significantly improved single fruit weight,increased soluble solid content,but decreased titratable acid content and significantly reduced the content of cellulose and hemicellulose;and the chitin treatment significantly inhibited the breakdown of pectin,cellulose and hemicellulose,and inhibited the activities of PG enzyme andβ-Gal enzyme.[Conclusions]Chitin spray treatment could increase the yield of A.arguta,and improve its quality and storage property.
基金National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China(202111430049).
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Actinidia arguta(Sieb.&Zucc.)Planch.ex Miq.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor tests,an orthogonal test was conducted with solid/liquid ratio,ultrasonic temperature,ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power as influencing factors.[Results]The optimal extraction process was as follows:solid/liquid ratio 1∶15(g/mL),ultrasonic temperature 50℃,ultrasonic time 50 min and ultrasonic power 90 W.Under the optimal extraction conditions,the extraction rate of polysaccharides reached 2.05%.[Conclusions]The method is simple and feasible,and can be used to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides in A.arguta,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of related resources.
基金supported by grants from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200503)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202435)+4 种基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1600700)Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province(221100110400)Technical System of Bulk Fruit Industry in Henan Province(HARS-22-09-S)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-03).
文摘Actinidia arguta is a newly emerged,commercially cultivated Actinidia species.A.arguta has a beautiful appearance and is rich in anthocyanin,and is thus highly welcomed by consumers.However,the mechanism of anthocyanin regulation in A.arguta remains unclear.In this study,we assembled the nearly complete genome of the first red A.arguta cultivar,‘Tianyuanhong’,with an N50 of 21 Mb.Comparative genome analysis revealed a role of the expansion/contraction of gene families in the species-specific trait formation of A.arguta.Through verification of transient overexpression and stable transformation,RNA-seq analysis revealed a key bHLH transcription factor,AaBEE1,which negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis.DAP-seq analysis combined with Y1H,EMSA,Chip-qPCR and LUC suggested that AaBEE1 binds to the G-box of the AaLDOX promoter and suppresses its expression.Overall,we assembled the genome of A.arguta and clarified its AaBEE1-AaLDOX module-mediated molecular mechanism of anthocyanin regulation.
基金supported by Liaoning Provincial CentralGuiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(20231H6/100100003)Shenyang Science and Technology Planseed Industry Innovation Project(22-318-2-11).
文摘Actinidia arguta fruit is famous for its nutritional value,and we can eat the whole fruit with seeds.However,the nutrition of the seeds has yet to be systematically studied,while the value of seeds as by-products of processed products is worth exploring.besides,the nutritional composition in distinct germplasms has not been reported.in this study,the nutritional indexes of 39 germplasms A.arguta seeds,including fatty acids,amino acids,minerals,phenolic,flavonoids,and starch had been compared and the correlations of these nutrition also had been explored.The results provided that A.arguta seeds were rich in nutrition.Eight fatty acids were found and the ω-6/ω-3 ratio was 0.07 to 2.01.The total amino acid contents ranged from 9.25 to 29.45 mg/100 g.The largest major mineral element was magnesium(216.62-42117.22 mg/kg),and the largest trace mineral element was iron(13.05-1326.48 mg/kg).The phenolic,flavonoids,and starch contents were 1.33−5.82 mg/g,0.41−0.87 mg/g,11.29%-31.93%,respectively.There were correlations among nutritional indexes,which had significant differences in 39 germplasms of A.arguta seeds.in order to assess comprehensive nutrition,using the weighted average score system and one germplasm,CJ No.1,with superior nutritional quality,was identified.The results of this study will enrich the research content of A.arguta seed,provide theoretical guidance for A.arguta seed to become a dietary supplement,reduce the production and processing waste,and promote the development of A.arguta processing industry.
基金supported by Liaoning Provincial Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(2023JH6/100100003)Shenyang Science and Technology Plan Seed industry innovation Project(22-318-2-11).
文摘Actinidia arguta is a type of kiwi fruit with a smooth glabrous shape,which provides high nutritional value,a sweet and sour taste,and excellent healthcare function.However,it is a typical climacteric fruit and decomposes quickly when stored.For delaying senescence,the effect of postharvest short-time partial dehydration(STPD)on the storage quality of A.arguta was investigated under dehydration rates of 2%,4%,and 6%coupled with storage at(2.0±0.5)℃,respectively.Results showed that appropriate dehydration treatment coupled with low temperature storage inhibited the pectinase activity and the decomposition of propectin,thus maintaining fruit firmness,reducing fruit decay rate,regulating the generation of abscisic acid delaying ethylene production,and decreasing the peak level of respiration rate.it also inhibited the reduction of total soluble solid,titratable acid,and vitamin C,maintains catalase and peroxidase activity.based on the present study,the 4%dehydration treatment was the most effective,which extended the storage period up to 60 days and reduced the decay rate to 33%.in conclusion,it was revealed that STPD could be an effective method for retarding the losses that occurred in the fruit quality of A.arguta during cold storage.
基金The Innovative Program for Fruit Tree Research of Liaoning Province, China (LNGSCYTX-13/14-4) supported this study
文摘The fruit of Actinidia arguta is typically climacteric.During ripening,the fruits produce a large amount of ethylene.Although the molecular basis of climacteric fruit ripening has been extensively studied,some aspects such as its transcriptional regulation remain unclear.Here,we compared the transcriptomes of A.arguta fruits collected at commercial harvest(sample d0)and at 6 days after harvest(sample d6)using RNA-seq.A total of 3 659 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between samples d0 and d6 were detected,of which 2 983 and 1 104 could be functionally annotated with Gene Ontology(GO)and Clusters of Orthologous Groups(COG)pathways.DEGs involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction were identified,including ACO(c79627),ERF061(c105131),and ERF6(c99193).Transcription factors such as ERF,b HLH,NAC,MADS,and MYB were also differentially expressed between samples d0 and d6.Selected DEGs were subjected to further analysis using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR),and the results coincided with those of RNA-seq.Our data revealed additional transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of fruit ripening.These results provide useful information for future research on the transcriptional regulation of fruit ripening.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20204,31972474 and 90717110).
文摘Actinidia arguta,known as hardy kiwifruit,is a widely cultivated species with distinct botanical characteristics such as small and smooth-fruited,rich in beneficial nutrients,rapid softening and tolerant to extremely low temperatures.It contains the most diverse ploidy types,including diploid,tetraploid,hexaploid,octoploid,and decaploid.Here we report a haplotype-resolved tetraploid genome(A.arguta cv.‘Longcheng No.2’)containing four haplo-types,each with 40,859,41,377,39,833 and 39,222 protein-coding genes.We described the phased genome structure,synteny,and evolutionary analyses to identify and date possible WGD events.K_(s) calculations for both allelic and paralogous genes pairs throughout the assembled haplotypic individuals showed its tetraploidization is estimated to have formed~1.03 Mya following Ad-αevent occurred~18.7 Mya.Detailed annotations of NBS-LRRs or CBFs highlight the importance of genetic variations coming about after polyploidization in underpinning ability of immune responses or environmental adaptability.WGCNA analysis of postharvest quality indicators in combination with transcriptome revealed several transcription factors were involved in regulating ripening kiwi berry texture.Taking together,the assembly of an A.arguta tetraploid genome provides valuable resources in deciphering complex genome structure and facilitating functional genomics studies and genetic improvement for kiwifruit and other crops.
